Ship gas collection and transmission method and device adopting LoRa ad hoc network technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship gas collection and transmission method and device adopting a LoRa ad hoc network technology, and relates to the field of ship Internet of Things communication, the ship gas collection and transmission method and device are realized based on a gas sensor U1, data transmission units DTU U2, DTU Un and a LoRa ad hoc network, the gas sensor U1 is used for collecting gas information on a ship and transmitting the collected gas data to the DTU U2 connected with the gas sensor U1, and the DTU Un is used for transmitting the collected gas data to the LoRa ad hoc network. Gas data is converted to a UART interface of the MCU through an RS485 / 422 circuit of the U2, is sent out through a LoRa ad hoc network module connected with the MCU, is transmitted through other multipath DTU Un in the network and through an optimal path planned by a LoRa ad hoc network protocol, is transmitted to a gateway, and is transmitted to an Internet of Things platform to complete data transmission. Gas concentration data can be collected every three minutes, the frequency is higher, the change trend of the gas concentration data can be continuously monitored, and risks can be recognized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ship Internet of Things communications, and in particular to a ship gas collection and transmission method and device using LoRa self-organizing network technology. Background Art

[0002] In the existing ship cabins, since the ship hull is made of steel or other metal structures, it has a shielding effect on the signal, so the wireless signal cannot penetrate the cabin wall to be transmitted. In this way, the information of the gas sensor in the closed environment of the ship cannot be transmitted in time, which will cause unsafe factors at the work site and cause great potential hidden dangers and hazards to production safety. At present, the gas sensors in the ship need to be manually read in the cabin at regular intervals, which is a large workload and a poor working environment. In addition, the maintenance personnel go down to the cabin every two hours to measure the gas concentration, and the information is not timely enough.

[0003] As a long-distance communication technology of low-power wide area network (LPWAN), LoRa has received more and more attention in recent years. LoRa is one of the LPWAN communication technologies. It is an ultra-long-distance wireless transmission solution based on spread spectrum technology adopted and promoted by Semtech in the United States. It is a physical layer or wireless modulation used to establish long-distance communication links. Many traditional wireless systems use frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation as the physical layer because it is a very effective modulation to achieve low power consumption. LoRa is based on linear frequency modulation spread spectrum modulation, which maintains the same low power consumption characteristics as FSK modulation, but significantly increases the communication distance. LoRa technology itself has ultra-high receiving sensitivity (RSSI) and ultra-strong signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In addition, frequency hopping technology is used to perform frequency shift keying through pseudo-random code sequences, so that the carrier frequency continues to jump and expand the spectrum to prevent fixed-frequency interference. At present, LoRa mainly operates in the ISM band, which belongs to the free license band, including 433, 868, 915 MHz, etc. Users do not need a license, and there is no so-called license restriction. The biggest feature of LoRa is: long transmission distance, low working power consumption, and many networking nodes. The LoRa self-organizing network module is an industrial-grade wireless product with self-organizing, self-routing and self-recovery functions. The module is based on MCU+LORA RF chip, and uses LoRa modulation and self-organizing network protocol to perfectly solve the coverage networking requirements of small data in complex environments. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the fact that the current equipment cannot transmit the information of the gas sensor in the closed environment of the ship, it will cause unsafe factors at the work site, causing great potential hidden dangers and hazards to safe production. The present invention provides a ship gas collection and transmission method and device using LoRa self-organizing network technology, connecting the LoRa self-organizing network module with the MCU, cooperating with the MCU interface circuit and battery, and realizing the LoRa self-organizing network data transmission function. The DTU has built-in MCU, battery, RS422 / 232 chip, analog interface circuit, serial port to network port module, WiFi Bluetooth module, level conversion circuit, optical coupler isolation, and LoRa self-organizing network module to facilitate connection with gas sensors of various types of interfaces.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following scheme: a ship gas collection and transmission method using LoRa self-organizing network technology, which is implemented based on a gas sensor U1, a data transmission unit DTU U2, a DTU Un and a LoRa self-organizing network. The gas sensor U1 is used for gas information collection on the ship, and the collected gas data is transmitted to the DTU U2 connected to the gas sensor U1. The gas data is converted to the UART interface of the MCU through the RS485 / 422 circuit of U2, and is sent out through the LoRa self-organizing network module connected to the MCU, and then transmitted through other DTU Uns with multiple paths in the network and the best path planned by the LoRa self-organizing network protocol until the gateway, and then transmitted to the Internet of Things platform to complete the data transmission.

[0006] The LoRa self-organizing network method is as follows: the network topology is represented by Ⅰ, two data lines are established from E to G, E is a terminal, G is a gateway, E->N1->N2->G is a data link, E->N6->N7->N8->N5->N3->G is another data link, N is a node, Ⅱ is the uplink data of network topology Ⅰ, Ⅲ is the downlink data of network topology Ⅰ, the establishment of the route is realized by flooding, there is no closed loop between multiple routes, multiple paths are allowed to intersect, each node will select multiple nodes as its next hop route, data messages are dynamically switched between multiple paths, and can be transmitted in parallel; failed route detection and new route discovery, changes in the network topology Ⅰ structure are perceived by monitoring the handshake messages between adjacent nodes, and flooding is not required. All nodes including the source node only need to find their own next hop relay node, and do not need to determine the entire path. Therefore, the self-organizing network protocol is suitable for mobile networks with rapidly changing topology structures, can quickly discover the instant optimal route, and support ultra-large-scale networks with 255-level routing.

[0007] The method for LoRa ad hoc network protocol planning is as follows: the ad hoc network routing protocol integrates multiple selection algorithms to screen routes, including distance vector and signal quality. The distance vector algorithm determines the path according to the distance of the destination. Each node maintains a vector table, which lists the currently known best distance to each target; the node selects a node closer to the destination than itself as a forwarding route according to the vector table; the nearest path between two nodes is found according to the distance vector algorithm, and the ad hoc network routing protocol can quickly detect the instant link quality of multiple routes, and can select the path with the best link quality for routing in a very short time, and select the next nearest path as routing when necessary; the ad hoc network link state algorithm routing, E is relayed to G through N4, but the path is disturbed as an unstable link, and at the same time, E to G has another path with good link quality E->N1->N2->G, although the distance is closer, the reception success rate of the message is very low due to the instability of the link, and if E->N1->N2->G is selected, although the distance will be farther, the reliability and real-time performance of the message transmission can be guaranteed.

[0008] A device includes a sensor U1, a data transmission unit DTU U2, a data transmission unit DTU U3, a data transmission unit DTU U4, a data transmission unit DTU U5, a data transmission unit DTU U6, a data transmission unit DTU Un, a gateway U7, and an Internet of Things platform U8; The sensor U1 is connected to the data transmission unit DTU U2, the data transmission unit DTU U2 is connected to the data transmission unit DTU U3 and the data transmission unit DTU U5 through the LoRa self-organizing network, the data transmission unit DTU U3 and the data transmission unit DTU U5 are connected to the data transmission unit DTU U4, the data transmission unit DTU U6 and multiple data transmission units DTU N through the LoRa self-organizing network, the data transmission unit DTU U4, the data transmission unit DTU U6 and multiple data transmission units DTU N are connected to the gateway U7 through the LoRa self-organizing network, and the gateway U7 is connected to the Internet of Things platform U8; The sensor U1 is used for gas information collection; The data transmission unit DTU is used to connect the gas sensor and relay the signals of other DTUs; The LoRa self-organizing network is used for the DTU in the network to organize the communication network for data communication according to the signal conditions; The gateway U7 is used to connect DTU U2 to DTU Un and the Internet of Things platform U8; The Internet of Things platform U8 is used to process and store the data received from the gateway U7.

[0009] The beneficial effect of the present invention is that the original gas sensors in ships need to be manually read in the cabin at regular intervals, which is a large workload and a harsh working environment. After adopting this device, the workload of maintenance personnel is greatly reduced, and the data frequency can be higher than that of manual work. Specifically, maintenance personnel currently need to go down to the cabin every two hours to measure the gas concentration. After adopting the present invention and method, gas concentration data can be collected once every 3 minutes (this interval can be set according to the situation), with a higher frequency, and its changing trend can be continuously monitored to identify risks. LoRa's high sensitivity combined with the characteristics of self-organizing networks, its multi-path and good anti-destruction characteristics are more suitable for data transmission in the cabin. DTU can deploy up to 255 nodes, which can achieve full coverage of the entire ship without dead ends. The monitoring of harmful gas concentrations monitored by gas sensors provides a strong safety guarantee for the staff in the cabin.

[0010] Compared with traditional Zigbee Mesh, BLE Mesh, and WIFI mesh, this self-organizing network technology uses the ISM frequency band. The domestic 433 and 470-510MHz have better diffraction performance and greatly improve the wall penetration effect. Compared with the currently used FSK or LoRaWAN methods, this application also utilizes the networking, recovery, and routing functions of the self-organizing network protocol to better solve the difficulties of installation, debugging, and network blind spots.

[0011] Due to the closed metal shell inside the ship, the signal is shielded and the internal gas sensor data cannot be transmitted through traditional methods. By adopting the high sensitivity of LoRa technology and the self-organizing network characteristics of the LoRa module, multiple DTUs are deployed from the cabin to the deck exit to transmit data through the self-organizing network. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device for implementing the method of the present invention; Figure 2 A structural block diagram of a DTU for implementing the method of the present invention; Figure 3 A multi-path schematic diagram for implementing the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] like Figure 1 As shown, a device includes a sensor U1, a DTU U2 (data transmission unit), a DTU U3 (data transmission unit), a DTU U4 (data transmission unit), a DTU U5 (data transmission unit), a DTU U6 (data transmission unit), a DTU Un (data transmission unit), a gateway U7, and an Internet of Things platform U8, and the data transmission unit DTU Un is less than 250.

[0014] DTU U2 obtains gas data from sensor U1, and transmits it to gateway U7 using the LoRa self-organizing network protocol through DTU U3, DTU U4, DTU U5, DTU U6, and DTU Un arranged in the cabin (the transmission path is transmitted according to the optimal path of the self-organizing network algorithm), and then sends it to the Internet of Things platform U8 via wired means, thereby realizing real-time monitoring of gas data in the cabin.

[0015] like Figure 2 As shown, DTU includes MCU, battery, RS-232 / 485 / 422 chip, serial port to network port module, WiFi Bluetooth module, level conversion circuit I, level conversion circuit II, optical coupler isolation, LoRa self-organizing network module, WiFi Bluetooth module is connected to MCU through the UART interface of MCU, RS-232 / 485 / 422 chip is connected to MCU through the UART interface of MCU, serial port to network port module is connected to MCU through the UART interface of MCU, level conversion circuit I is connected to MCU through the ADC interface of MCU, level conversion circuit II is connected to MCU through the TIM interface of MCU, optical coupler isolation is connected to MCU through the GPIO interface of MCU, battery is connected to MCU through the ADC interface of MCU, and LoRa self-organizing network module is connected to MCU through the UART interface of MCU; The WiFi Bluetooth module is used to connect to external WiFi Bluetooth devices; The RS-232 / 485 / 422 chip is used to convert external input RS232 / 485 / 422 signals; The serial port to network port module is used to convert the external input Ethernet signal; Level conversion circuit I is used to convert external input analog signals; Level conversion circuit II is used to convert the external input pulse signal; Optocoupler isolation is used to convert and isolate external input switching signals; The battery is used to provide power to the DTU device, and its operating voltage is collected through the ADC of the MCU; The LoRa self-organizing network module is used to provide a LoRa wireless access channel to implement signal reception and transmission and self-organizing network protocols.

[0016] Self-organizing network technology based on LoRa: Self-organizing network is a distributed peer-to-peer mesh network, which adopts private routing protocol, can make full use of routing redundancy in the network, has excellent network self-healing, stability and excellent data throughput, and its networking speed takes almost no time. All devices can work as soon as they are powered on, supporting 255-level routing and a large networking scale of tens of thousands of nodes. The physical layer adopts many advanced wireless communication technologies, such as safe and reliable full-network wireless wake-up technology and interleaved error correction coding. The link layer adopts an intelligent collision avoidance algorithm with excellent anti-interference ability. With flexible sleep technology, all networking devices can sleep, with two sleep modes: autonomous and asynchronous.

[0017] The self-organizing network has a very rich parameter configuration. Users can easily implement wireless self-organizing networks without making any changes to existing equipment or protocols. It saves users a lot of R&D time and costs while providing the industry's most advanced self-organizing network solution, meeting the stringent requirements for performance, power consumption and cost, and solving industry problems.

[0018] The single-path routing protocol uses only one path to send data, and cannot send data in parallel or concurrently, resulting in low network transmission rate, increased latency, unbalanced network load, and network congestion. Self-organizing network is a multi-path routing protocol. There are usually multiple paths from any source node to the destination node in the network, and the nodes have random mobility, and the topology of the entire network changes frequently. The use of multi-path routing protocol can overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned single-path routing protocol, make full use of network resources, balance network load, improve communication performance, and avoid network shock. MES self-organizing network adopts a private on-demand lightweight dynamic multi-path routing protocol, which is designed for mobile self-organizing networks with demanding hardware resource conditions and is suitable for wireless networks with fast mobile speed and fast topology changes. This routing protocol can minimize the overhead of the route establishment and maintenance process, can send data packets in parallel on multiple paths, can sense changes in the network topology and update the route without flooding, and can switch seamlessly between different routes. The main features are: each node maintains as much routing information as possible; there is no routing loop; the routing is stable and fast to establish; it can fully utilize the redundancy of wireless signals, maintain and update the routing at all times without additional overhead; the routing selection algorithm weighs many factors such as distance vector, signal energy and link quality; it is very sensitive to changes in the network topology, and the routing can dynamically and quickly reach the optimal level; the network throughput is high; it supports 255-level routing and has a large network scale.

[0019] The application of LoRa self-organizing network technology in the narrow and closed environment of the cabin. Due to its narrow and closed metal shielding environment, the traditional wireless communication signals cannot penetrate the cabin. Therefore, LoRa self-organizing network technology is used to combine the high sensitivity, high penetration and networking flexibility of LoRa. The data in the cabin is transmitted to the Internet of Things platform outside the cabin through LoRa self-organizing network technology.

[0020] The magnetic mounting frame is convenient for DTU equipment to be installed in the cabin. Because it is not convenient to install in the cabin by drilling holes and bundling columns, and the location of DTU is initially planned and installed based on the signal quality and sending and receiving effects of field experiments, it is particularly important to install and disassemble DTU conveniently. We designed a mounting frame with a magnetic suction cup, which is made of steel on the inner wall of the cabin and is installed by adsorbing it on the steel plate of the cabin through a magnetic suction cup. By attaching multiple DTUs in sequence on the deck exit path, the LoRa signal is transmitted through the self-organizing network link.

[0021] The MANET routing protocol will combine multiple selection algorithms to screen routes, including distance vector and signal quality (link status). The distance vector algorithm determines the path based on the distance of the destination. Each node will maintain a vector table that lists the currently known best distance to each destination. Based on this vector table, the node can select a node that is closer to the destination than itself as a forwarding route. The distance vector algorithm can find the shortest path between two nodes, but it is not necessarily the best path.

[0022] Unlike wired networks, wireless signals are easily affected by external interference, resulting in short data link life and poor stability. Routing protocols must be able to correctly select paths with good signal quality and stable links to ensure network stability, real-time, reliability and anti-interference capabilities. Self-organizing network routing protocols can quickly detect the instant link quality of multiple routes, select the path with the best link quality for routing in a very short time, and can select the next closest path as routing when necessary. Self-organizing network link state algorithm routing selection such as Figure 3 As shown in the multi-path diagram, E can be relayed to G via N4, but this path is disturbed and becomes an unstable link. At the same time, there is another path from E to G with good link quality, E->N1->N2->G. Although the distance is shorter when choosing the path E->N4->G, the success rate of receiving messages is very low due to the instability of the link, which will greatly increase the probability of message retransmission and consume a lot of time. If you choose E->N1->N2->G, although the distance will be longer, the reliability and real-time performance of message transmission can be guaranteed.

[0023] Example 1, a ship gas collection and transmission method using LoRa self-organizing network technology, wherein the sensor U1 is set at the bottom of the cabin, and the DTU U3, DTU U4, DTU U5, DTU U6 and DTU Un are set at each deck position that is successively higher than the bottom position in the cabin; Gas sensor U1 collects gas information on the ship and transmits the collected gas data to DTU U2 connected to gas sensor U1. The gas data is converted to the UART interface of MCU through U2's RS-232 / 485 / 422 chip, and sent out through the LoRa self-organizing network module connected to MCU. It is then transmitted through other DTU Uns with multiple paths in the network and the best path planned by LoRa's self-organizing network protocol until it reaches the gateway, and then transmitted to the IoT platform to complete data transmission.

[0024] Taking the oxygen concentration monitoring currently used in the test as an example, the oxygen sensor U1 transmits the collected oxygen concentration data to DTU U2, and then reaches the gateway U7 through DTU U3, DTU U4, DTU U5, DTU U6, and DTU Un, and is sent to the Internet of Things platform U8 through gateway U7. In this way, the oxygen concentration in the cabin can be monitored in real time to protect the safety of the operators.

[0025] The self-organizing network method based on LoRa is as follows: the network topology of the self-organizing network is represented by Ⅰ, two data lines are established from E to G, E is the terminal, G is the gateway, E->N1->N2->G is one data link, E->N6->N7->N8->N5->N3->G is another data link, Ⅱ is the uplink data of network topology Ⅰ, and Ⅲ is the downlink data of network topology Ⅰ. The establishment of routes is realized by flooding, there is no closed loop between multiple routes, and multiple paths are allowed to intersect. Each node will select as many nodes as possible as its next hop route. Data packets can be dynamically switched between multiple paths and can be transmitted in parallel; failed route detection, new route discovery, and changes in network topology are perceived by monitoring handshake messages between adjacent nodes. No flooding or additional overhead is required. All nodes, including source nodes, only need to find their own next hop relay nodes, without determining the entire path. Therefore, the routing protocol has a small overhead and is suitable for mobile networks with rapidly changing topology structures. It can quickly discover the best route in real time and support ultra-large-scale networks with 255-level routes.

[0026] The planning method of LoRa self-organizing network protocol is as follows: the self-organizing network routing protocol will integrate multiple selection algorithms to screen the routes, including distance vector and signal quality (link status). The distance vector algorithm determines the path according to the distance of the destination. Each node will maintain a vector table, which lists the currently known best distance to each target. The node can select a node closer to the destination as a forwarding route based on this vector table. The distance vector algorithm can find the shortest path between two nodes, but it is not necessarily the best path.

[0027] Unlike wired networks, wireless signals are easily affected by external interference, resulting in short data link life and poor stability. Routing protocols must be able to correctly select paths with good signal quality and stable links to ensure network stability, real-time, reliability and anti-interference capabilities. Ad hoc network routing protocols can quickly detect the instant link quality of multiple routes, select the path with the best link quality for routing in a very short time, and can select the next closest path as routing when necessary; Ad hoc network link state algorithm routing selection such as Figure 3 As shown in the multi-path diagram, E can be relayed to G via N4, but this path is disturbed and becomes an unstable link. At the same time, there is another path from E to G with good link quality, E->N1->N2->G. Although the distance is shorter when choosing the path E->N4->G, the success rate of receiving messages is very low due to the instability of the link, which will greatly increase the probability of message retransmission and consume a lot of time. If you choose E->N1->N2->G, although the distance will be longer, the reliability and real-time performance of message transmission can be guaranteed.

Claims

1. A ship gas collection and transmission method using LoRa self-organizing network technology, characterized in that: It is based on gas sensor U1, data transmission unit DTU U2, DTU Un and LoRa self-organizing network. The gas sensor U1 is used to collect gas information on the ship, and the collected gas data is transmitted to DTU U2 connected to the gas sensor U1. The gas data is converted to the UART interface of the MCU through the RS485 / 422 circuit of U2, and is sent out through the LoRa self-organizing network module connected to the MCU. It is then transmitted through other DTU Uns with multiple paths in the network and the best path planned by the LoRa self-organizing network protocol until it reaches the gateway, and then transmitted to the Internet of Things platform to complete the data transmission.

2. The ship gas collection and transmission method using LoRa self-organizing network technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that , the LoRa self-organizing network method is: the network topology is composed of Ⅰ It means that two data lines are established from E to G, E is the terminal, G is the gateway, E->N1->N2->G is one data link, E->N6->N7->N8->N5->N3->G is another data link, N is the node, Ⅱ Network topology Ⅰ Uplink data, III is the network topology Ⅰ For downlink data, the establishment of routes is achieved through flooding. There is no closed loop between multiple routes, and multiple paths are allowed to intersect. Each node will select multiple nodes as its next hop route. Data packets are dynamically switched between multiple paths and can be transmitted in parallel; failed route detection and new route discovery, network topology Ⅰ Structural changes are sensed by monitoring the handshake messages between adjacent nodes. Flooding is not required. All nodes, including the source node, only need to find their next-hop relay node without determining the entire path. Therefore, the ad hoc network protocol is suitable for mobile networks with rapidly changing topology structures. It can quickly discover the best route in real time and support ultra-large-scale networks with 255-level routing.

3. The ship gas collection and transmission method using LoRa self-organizing network technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method for LoRa self-organizing network protocol planning is: The MANET routing protocol integrates multiple selection algorithms to screen routes, including distance vector and signal quality. The distance vector algorithm determines the path based on the distance of the destination. Each node maintains a vector table, which lists the currently known best distance to each target. The node selects a node closer to the destination than itself as a forwarding route based on the vector table. The distance vector algorithm finds the closest path between two nodes. The MANET routing protocol can quickly detect the instant link quality of multiple routes, select the path with the best link quality for routing in a very short time, and select the next closest path as routing when necessary. MANET link state algorithm routing, E relays to G through N4, but the path is disturbed and is an unstable link. At the same time, there is another path from E to G with good link quality, E->N1->N2->G. Although the distance of the path E->N4->G is closer, the success rate of receiving messages is very low due to link instability. If E->N1->N2->G is selected, although the distance will be farther, the message transmission can be guaranteed.

4. A device, characterized in that: Including sensor U1, data transmission unit DTU U2, data transmission unit DTU U3, data transmission unit DTU U4, data transmission unit DTU U5, data transmission unit DTU U6, data transmission unit DTU Un, gateway U7, and Internet of Things platform U8; The sensor U1 is connected to the data transmission unit DTU U2, the data transmission unit DTU U2 is connected to the data transmission unit DTU U3 and the data transmission unit DTU U5 through the LoRa self-organizing network, the data transmission unit DTU U3 and the data transmission unit DTU U5 are connected to the data transmission unit DTU U4, the data transmission unit DTU U6 and multiple data transmission units DTU N through the LoRa self-organizing network, the data transmission unit DTU U4, the data transmission unit DTU U6 and multiple data transmission units DTUN are connected to the gateway U7 through the LoRa self-organizing network, and the gateway U7 is connected to the Internet of Things platform U8; The sensor U1 is used for collecting gas information; The data transmission unit DTU is used to connect the gas sensor and relay the signals of other DTUs; The LoRa self-organizing network is used for the DTU in the network to organize the communication network for data communication according to the signal conditions; The gateway U7 is used to connect DTU U2 to DTU Un and the Internet of Things platform U8; The Internet of Things platform U8 is used to process and store the data received from the gateway U7.

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The DTU includes MCU, battery, RS-232 / 485 / 422 chip, serial port to network port module, WiFi Bluetooth module, level conversion circuit Ⅰ , level conversion circuit Ⅱ , optocoupler isolation, LoRa self-organizing network module, WiFi Bluetooth module is connected to MCU through MCU's UART interface, RS-232 / 485 / 422 chip is connected to MCU through MCU's UART interface, serial port to network port module is connected to MCU through MCU's UART interface, level conversion circuit Ⅰ Connect to MCU through MCU's ADC interface, level conversion circuit Ⅱ The module is connected to the MCU through the TIM interface of the MCU, the optocoupler is connected to the MCU through the GPIO interface of the MCU, the battery is connected to the MCU through the ADC interface of the MCU, and the LoRa self-organizing network module is connected to the MCU through the UART interface of the MCU; The WiFi Bluetooth module is used to connect to external WiFi Bluetooth devices; The RS-232 / 485 / 422 chip is used to convert external input RS232 / 485 / 422 signals; The serial port to network port module is used to convert the external input Ethernet signal; Level conversion circuit Ⅰ Used to convert external input analog signals; Level conversion circuit Ⅱ Used to convert external input pulse signal; Optocoupler isolation is used to convert and isolate external input switch signals; The battery is used to provide power to the DTU device, and its operating voltage is collected through the ADC of the MCU; The LoRa self-organizing network module is used to provide a LoRa wireless access channel to realize signal reception and transmission and self-organizing network protocol.

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