System for tool cutting edge monitoring

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a system (5) for shearing a material. The system comprises: a machine (10) comprising a tool (20) rotating about an axis (60) at a rotational speed (fROT) for shearing a raw material workpiece; wherein the tool (20) has at least one tool cutting edge (310), the tool cutting edge being configured to engage the raw material workpiece (30); a vibration sensor (70) configured to generate an analog measurement signal (SEA) as a function of mechanical vibrations (VIMP) originating from rotation of the tool (20); a position sensor (170) configured to generate a position signal indicative of a rotational position of the rotary tool; a state parameter extractor 450 arranged to record:-a time series of measurement sample values (Se (i), S (j)) of the digital measurement data signal (SMD, SENV, SMD), and a time series of position signal values (P (i)), and time information (i, dt; j), the state parameter extractor 450 being arranged to determine at least one tool wear state value (RT (r)) indicative of a tool wear state (X) of the tool (20); a TD; fI (r); x1 (r)).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of machines comprising tools for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces, and to the monitoring of machines comprising tools for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces. The present invention also relates to a method for generating information relating to the wear state of the tools of a machine comprising tools for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces, and to the field of controlling machines comprising tools for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces. The present invention also relates to a method for operating a shearing process in a machine comprising tools for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces, and to a device for monitoring the wear state of the tools of a machine comprising tools for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces. The present invention also relates to a device for controlling the wear state of the tools of a machine comprising tools for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces. The present invention also relates to a computer program for monitoring the wear state of the tools of a machine comprising tools for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces. The present invention also relates to a computer program for controlling the wear state of the tools of a machine comprising tools for shearing and / or shaping raw material workpieces.

[0002] Description of related art

[0003] In some industries, such as forestry, it is necessary to shear large pieces of material to reduce the size of individual pieces of received material. Shearing of material can be accomplished by a machine that includes tools for shearing and / or shaping workpieces of raw material.

[0004] A machine comprising a tool for shearing and / or forming a workpiece of raw material is included. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the prior art, the problem to be solved is how to generate improved information related to the tool wear state of a machine comprising tools for shearing and / or forming raw material workpieces, and / or how to obtain an improved method for operating a shearing process in a machine comprising tools for shearing and / or forming raw material workpieces.

[0006] The examples given in this article address this issue. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] For easy understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0008] Figure 1A A schematic side view of a system including a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a workpiece of raw material is shown.

[0009] 1C is a block diagram illustrating a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a workpiece of raw material, which is a block that receives multiple inputs and generates multiple outputs.

[0010] Figure 2 Shown along Figure 1A Another example of a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.

[0011] Figure 3 is a schematic block diagram of an example of the analysis device shown in FIG. 1 .

[0012] Figure 4 is a simplified diagram of program memory and its contents.

[0013] Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an analysis device.

[0014] Figure 6A is a graphical representation of the signal pair S(i) and P(i) delivered by the A / D converter.

[0015] Figure 6B is a diagram of a sequence of signal pairs S(i) and P(i) delivered by the A / D converter.

[0016] Figure 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a portion of a state parameter extractor.

[0017] FIG8 is a simplified diagram of an example of a memory and its contents.

[0018] Figure 9 It shows the operation Figure 7 Flowchart of an example of a method of a state parameter extractor.

[0019] Figure 10 is shown for executing Figure 9 Flowchart of an example of a method of step S#40.

[0020] Figure 11 is a flowchart illustrating another example of a method.

[0021] Figure 12 is shown for executing Figure 9 Flowchart of another example of the method of step S#40.

[0022] Figure 13 is a diagram showing a series of temporally consecutive position signals P1 , P2 , P3 , . . . , each position signal P indicating a complete revolution of the tool being monitored.

[0023] Figure 15A and Figure 15B is a block diagram illustrating an example of a state parameter extractor.

[0024] Figure 16A and Figure 16BAn example of a visual indication of analysis results related to the time domain is shown.

[0025] Figure 17A and Figure 17B An example of a visual indication of analysis results related to the frequency domain is shown.

[0026] Figure 18 An exemplary interaction between a tool edge and a stock material is shown.

[0027] Figure 19A 、 Figure 19B and Figure 19C Examples of different types of machines for shearing and / or forming workpieces of raw material are shown.

[0028] Figure 20 is a block diagram of an example of a compensated decimator.

[0029] Figure 21 It shows Figure 20 Flowchart of an embodiment of a method of operating a compensated decimator.

[0030] Figure 22A 、 Figure 22B and Figure 22C Shown Figure 20 Flowchart of an embodiment of a method of operating a compensated decimator.

[0031] Figure 26 A schematic top view of yet another embodiment of a system comprising a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a workpiece of raw material is shown.

[0032] Figure 27 A schematic top view of yet another embodiment of a system comprising a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a workpiece of raw material is shown.

[0033] Figure 28 A schematic top view of yet another embodiment of a system comprising a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a workpiece of raw material is shown.

[0034] Figure 29 A schematic top view of yet another embodiment of a system comprising a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a workpiece of raw material is shown.

[0035] Figure 31 is a block diagram illustrating another example of a state parameter extractor.

[0036] Figure 32 is a block diagram of an exemplary system.

[0037] Figure 33 is a block diagram of an exemplary system.

[0038] Figure 34 A schematic diagram of an exemplary system including a machine is shown.

[0039] Figure 35 is a schematic, general overview of information that can be conveyed by an exemplary input / output interface.

[0040] Figure 39 is a block diagram of a system for monitoring the tool wear state X of tools of a machine and achieving improved control of shearing and / or forming processes occurring in the machine.

[0041] Figure 40 is a block diagram of a system for monitoring the tool wear state X of tools of a machine and achieving improved control of shearing and / or forming processes occurring in the machine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] In the following, similar features in different examples will be denoted by the same reference numerals.

[0043] Figure 1A A schematic side view of a system 5 including a machine 10 is shown. For example, the machine 10 may be a wood chipper. Alternatively, the machine 10 may be a saw, for example, comprising a circular saw. Another example is a lathe or any other machine that shears and / or shapes a raw material 30 using a tool 20 that interacts with the raw material 30 in a rotating or cyclically repetitive manner. The term "cyclically repetitive" may refer to a cycle in which one raw material workpiece 30 is sheared and / or shaped, such that each cycle involves one raw material workpiece 30 being machined by the tool 20 in the lathe.

[0044] Figure 1A A cross-sectional view is also shown, section AA. Section AA is also identified by reference numeral 15. The machine 10 comprises a tool 20 for shearing a raw material 30, the tool 20 comprising a tool edge 310 arranged to shear and / or shape the raw material 30. Figure 1A In the cross-sectional view identified by reference numeral 15, the tool 20 is shown as being rotated in a clockwise direction from the viewing angle at a rotational speed f ROT Rotation, like a curved arrow f ROT shown.

[0045] It should be understood that the terms "raw material workpiece" and "raw material" refer to the same material. Typically, a workpiece is the raw material currently being processed by a machine. The term "raw material" refers to raw material being processed, raw material to be processed, and more generally, raw material suitable for use as a raw material workpiece in a machine. It should also be understood that the term "raw material workpiece" also includes raw material intended to be cut into small pieces, such as a tree trunk being shredded by a wood chipper.

[0046] It should be understood that shearing and / or shaping the raw material 30 by contacting the raw material workpiece 30 with the rotating tool 20 is equivalent to contacting a corresponding movement of the raw material workpiece 30 with the tool 20 , or a corresponding combination of movements.

[0047] The machine includes a tool 20 for shearing and / or shaping a raw material workpiece 30, and a support 21 for the raw material 30 during operation. The support 21 is in contact with a vibration sensor 70. The support 21 and the vibration sensor 70 are arranged so that changes in the force exerted on the raw material 30 by the tool edge 310 of the rotating tool 20 induce vibrations through the support 21, which are detected as vibration amplitudes by the vibration sensor 70. Typically, the tool edge 310 has a fixed position relative to the tool 20.

[0048] According to some embodiments, the tool 20 is connected to the motor 101 via a shaft 102 that rotates about a rotation axis 60. The tool 20 is rotatable about the rotation axis 60, and the motor 101 is arranged to rotate the tool 20. In this regard, it should be noted that the shaft is an imaginary line (rotation axis) about which an object rotates. The rotation of the tool 20 brings the tool edge 310 into contact with the raw material 30. Typically, the raw material 30 is pushed toward the rotating tool, such as Figure 1A As shown by the force arrow F in the figure, for example, the force of gravity, the force of a raw material feeding device (not shown) or a combination thereof.

[0049] The vibration sensor 70 can generate a measurement signal S EA .Measurement signal S EA The position signal E may be determined by the machine 10. The position signal E may be determined by the machine 10. The position signal E may be determined by the machine 10. P For each vibration signal S from each vibration sensor 70 EA Perform signal analysis.

[0050] Examples of system 5 are operable when vibration sensor 70 is securely mounted on or at a measurement point on machine 10. The measurement point may include a connection coupler to which sensor 70 is securely or removably attached. Figure 1A In the example shown, the sensor 70 is mounted on the shaft 102. Alternatively, the sensor 70 may be mounted elsewhere on a machine tool for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece 30, where the sensor 70 is capable of generating a measurement signal S based on mechanical vibrations or shock pulses generated when the tool 20 rotates. EA .

[0051] The raw material 30 may include plant matter, biomass, polymers, metals and / or rocks. Typically, a raw material 30 is selected for which a tool 20 is present that can easily shear and / or shape the raw material 30 by cutting.

[0052] The machine 10 has an output area (not shown) for delivering output material 95 that has passed through the machine 10 .

[0053] Typically, raw material 30 is delivered to tool 20 via a raw material feeder. In some examples, machine 10 includes a raw material feeder. In some of these examples, machine 10 obtains raw material status data indicating properties of raw material 30 fed into machine 10.

[0054] According to some embodiments, the machine 10 operates to perform shearing. According to one embodiment, the machine 10 is a machine for performing shearing. The machine 10 includes a plurality of tool edges 310 for shearing the raw material 30 into output material 95, such as shearing a portion of a tree into wood chips.

[0055] The output area 90 of the machine 10 may include a separator for conveying the output material 95 and for maintaining the output material 95 with properties exceeding a limit. The separator may include a screen configured to screen out output material 95 having a size greater than a certain limit for conveying as the output material 95.

[0056] One measure of the production quality of the machine 10 may be the variability of the properties of the output material, or the amount of output material produced per hour with acceptable performance within certain limits.

[0057] The output material limit and the tool wear state limit are associated with threshold values ​​or value ranges compatible with the process. For example, the tool wear state limit may be associated with a maximum threshold value for tool wear levels, where it is expected that higher tool wear levels will no longer produce the desired output material.

[0058] Furthermore, it is desirable to obtain a high efficiency of the shearing process.One aspect of the efficiency of a shearing process is the amount of raw material 30 processed per unit time.

[0059] Another aspect of shearing process efficiency is the amount of raw material consumed per unit of energy, in order to minimize the energy consumption of the shearing process. Therefore, it is desirable to increase or optimize the throughput in terms of kg / kWh of output material 95. In this context, it should be noted that machines comprising tools for shearing and / or forming raw material workpieces can generally have high power consumption. Therefore, when a machine comprising tools 20 for shearing and / or forming raw material workpieces 30 is operated 24 hours a day, every day of the year, even a small improvement in the energy efficiency of the shearing process, such as an improvement of as little as one percent (1%), can result in significant energy cost savings. Such an improvement in energy efficiency may result from correctly adjusting the operating parameters of the machine 10 and / or replacing worn tools 20 at the right time.

[0060] The efficiency of the shearing process in the machine 10 depends on a number of variables, one of the most important of which is the tool wear state X of the tool 20 of the machine 10, such as the amount of wear on the tool edge 310 of the tool 20. Therefore, it is desirable to monitor the tool wear state X of the tool 20 of the machine 10 to avoid operating the machine 5 when the tool edge 310 is severely worn.

[0061] It should be understood that the term "tool wear state X" relates to the actual state of the tool. The values ​​X1, X2, X3 indicating the tool wear state X represent values ​​that estimate or provide information related to the tool wear state X.

[0062] Another variable that influences the efficiency of the shearing process in machine 10 is the properties of raw material 30. Furthermore, the properties of raw material 30 are not constant over time. Therefore, the efficiency of the shearing process may vary over time due to changes in the properties of raw material 30. The distribution of properties of the raw material 30 to be processed can determine whether the tool wear state X of tool 20 is acceptable, and thus whether tool 20 needs to be completely or partially replaced.

[0063] The tool 20 is typically a body including a plurality of evenly spaced tool edges 310. The tool 20 is typically located inside the machine 10 and is not directly accessible from the outside to reduce the risk of accidents. During operation of the machine 10, visual inspection of the tool 20 or tool edges 310 or using traditional measurement methods may be impractical.

[0064] The object of this document is to describe a method and system for improved monitoring of the tool wear state X of a tool 20 in a machine 10 for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece during operation. Another object of this document is to describe a method and system for improved human-machine interface (HCI) related to the tool wear state in a machine comprising a tool 20 for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece during operation. Another object of this document is to describe a method and system for improved graphical user interface related to a shearing process in a machine 10 comprising a tool 20.

[0065] The inventors have recognized that during operation of the machine 10 there may be mechanical vibrations V indicating impacts between the tool edge 310 of the rotating tool 20 and the raw material workpiece 30. IMP The inventors also envision that this mechanical vibration V IMP The current tool wear state of the machine 10 and / or the current state of the shearing process can be indicated. IMP When impacting the raw material 30, mechanical vibration V may be generated IMP . Causes mechanical shock vibration V IMP In fact, mechanical shock vibration V IMP Indicates the current tool wear status of the machine 10 and / or the current status of the shearing process.

[0066] The sensor 70 placed at the support 21 can detect vibrations passing through the raw material 30 during operation of the machine 10. Figure 1A The sensor 70 can generate a measurement signal S according to the mechanical vibration or shock pulse generated when the tool 20 rotates and contacts the raw material workpiece 30. EA Therefore, the measurement signal S EA The impact force F between the tool edge and the raw material 30 during operation of the machine 10 may depend on and indicate IMP .

[0067] The sensor 70 may be, for example, an accelerometer 70 configured to generate a signal having a value that depends on the impact force F IMP The amplitude of the measurement signal S EA .

[0068] The inventors concluded that there may be a mechanical vibration V that indicates the current tool wear state of the machine 10 and / or the current state of the shearing process. IMP , but to date, conventional methods for measuring vibrations and / or for analyzing and / or visualizing such vibrations may not be sufficient.

[0069] An analysis device 150 is provided for monitoring the shearing process. The analysis device 150 may also be referred to as a monitoring module 150A.

[0070] The analysis device 150 can be used to analyze the measurement signal S EA Generate information indicating the wear state of the tool during the shearing process. Generate measurement signal S EA The sensor 70 is coupled to the input 140 of the analysis device 150 in order to transmit the measurement signal S EAis transmitted to the analysis device 150. The analysis device 150 also has a second input 160 for receiving a position signal Ep depending on the rotational position of the tool 20. More generally, for a repeating cycle, the term P relates to the position of the tool along the cyclic path, and for a rotating tool 20, the cyclic position P is generally an angle between 0 and 360 degrees.

[0071] A position sensor 170 is provided to generate a position signal Ep according to the rotational position of the tool 20. Figure 1A In the embodiment, the position signal Ep is measured at the shaft 102 of the machine 10. In some embodiments, the position signal Ep is measured directly at the tool 20. As described above, the tool 20 can rotate about the rotation axis 60, and thus the position sensor 170 can generate the position signal Ep having the tool position signal value P. S (not shown) for indicating the instantaneous rotational position of the tool 20. The position mark 180 may be disposed on the outer surface of the tool 20 so that when the tool 20 rotates about the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes the position sensor 170 every time the tool 20 rotates, thereby causing the position sensor 170 to generate a rotation mark signal P S Such a rotation mark signal P S The marker signal may be in the form of an electrical pulse having edges that can be accurately detected and indicates a certain rotational position of the monitored tool 20. The analysis device 150 may generate a rotational speed f indicating the tool 20 based on the position signal Ep. ROT When the position sensor 170 is an optical device (e.g., a laser transceiver), the position marker 180 can be, for example, an optical device 180 (e.g., a reflective device 180), such as, for example, a laser transceiver configured to generate a rotational mark signal P when a laser beam strikes the reflective device 180, resulting in a change in the intensity of the laser reflection. S Alternatively, when the position sensor 170 is a device 170 configured to detect a changing magnetic field, the position marker 180 may be, for example, a magnetic device 180, such as a strong magnet 180. An example of a device configured to detect a changing magnetic field is a device including an induction coil that generates a current in response to a changing magnetic field. Thus, the device 170 configured to detect a changing magnetic field is configured to generate a rotation marker signal P when passing by the magnetic device 180. S Alternatively, the position sensor 170 may be implemented by an encoder 170 that is mechanically coupled to the rotary tool 20 so that the encoder generates, for example, a marking signal P for each revolution of the rotary tool 20. S .

[0072] System 5 may include a control room 220 that allows a machine operator 230 to operate machine 10. Analyzing device 150 may be configured to generate information indicating a tool wear state of tool 20 of machine 10. Analyzing device 150 also includes a device human-machine interface (HCI) 210 for enabling user input and user output. HCI 210 may include a display or screen 210S for providing a visual indication of analysis results. The displayed analysis results may include information indicating a tool wear state of a shearing process, enabling operator 230 to control a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece.

[0073] The machine controller 240 is configured to transmit a rotational speed setpoint f ROT_SP and / or machine instructions M of machine 10 INSTR The machine controller 240 may be connected to the human machine interface (HCI) 210 and / or the analysis device 150. According to some embodiments, the rotational speed set point f ROT_SP Set by operator 230. According to some embodiments, the machine instruction M of the machine INSTR Selected by the operator 230. Thus, the machine controller 240 may include a machine user input / output interface 250 to enable the operator to transmit the rotational speed set point f ROT_SP and / or the machine instruction M of the machine INSTR .

[0074] In some embodiments, the machine instruction M of the machine 10 INSTR Instructions to perform at least one of the following:

[0075] - stop the process,

[0076] - replacement of the initialization tool 20 or its parts,

[0077] - performing an automated process to replace the tool 20 or parts thereof,

[0078] - adjusting the operating mode of the machine 10, and / or

[0079] - generating a visual and / or acoustic signal for an operator at the machine 10 based on the tool wear state of the tool 20 .

[0080] The machine controller 240 may be arranged to restart the machine 10 upon receipt of information indicating that the tool 20 was successfully replaced.

[0081] The machine may be arranged to receive a rotational speed set point f ROT_SP When the corresponding rotation speed f of the tool 20 is achieved ROT .

[0082] The machine 10 may be configured to receive a machine instruction M based on the received machine instruction M. INSTR To adjust the tool 20 , such as by tilting the tool edge 310 .

[0083] According to some embodiments, the machine controller 240 can also set the rotational speed f of the tool. ROT Generate setpoint value f ROT_SP . Rotation speed set point value f ROT_SP Also known as U1 SP . Rotation speed set point value f ROT_SP (Also known as U1 SP ) may be generated in response to user input from machine operator 230 via user input / output interface 250 .

[0084] Machine controller 240 may also generate a set of set point values, each set point value corresponding to an operating parameter of machine 10, such as set point value U1 SP 、U2 SP and U3 SP .

[0085] In some embodiments, the set point value is related to the force F with which the raw material workpiece 30 is pressed against the tool 20 and / or the type or size of the raw material 30 to be machined.

[0086] In some embodiments, the machine 10 includes a device for feeding raw material to the tool 20. In some of these embodiments, the machine includes a device for feeding raw material and a device for selecting raw material of different types and / or sizes 30. The expression "raw material size" may relate to the cross-sectional area of ​​the raw material workpiece 30 during machining.

[0087] exist Figure 1A In the example shown in FIG, the machine user input / output interface 250 is coupled to the regulator 240, and the HCI 210 is coupled to the analysis device 150 or monitoring module 150A, which is configured to generate information indicative of the tool wear state of the tool 20 of the machine 10. Figure 1A As shown in FIG. 2 , coupled only to monitoring module 150A, HCI 210 may advantageously be added in control room 220 without modifying any pre-existing input / output interfaces 250 and regulators 240 used by machine operator 230 to operate machine 10 .

[0088] One objective addressed by the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe methods and systems for improved monitoring of the tool wear state X of a tool 20 in a machine 10 during operation. Furthermore, one objective addressed by the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe methods and systems for improved human-machine interfaces (HCIs) associated with conveying useful information regarding the tool wear state X in a machine comprising a tool for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece during operation. Another objective addressed by this document is to describe methods and systems for improved graphical user interfaces (GUIs) associated with a shearing process in the machine 10.

[0089] Another object addressed by the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe methods and systems for improved control of the output Y of a machine 10 during operation. Yet another object addressed by the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe methods and systems for improved human-machine interface (HCI) related to conveying useful information about an output state Y indicative of output material 95 from a machine 10 during operation and / or also conveying useful information about a corresponding tool wear state X of a tool 20 in the machine 10 that includes a tool for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece 30 during operation.

[0090] In some embodiments, rather than an HCI coupled to the regulator 240 as a separate input / output interface coupled to the analysis device 150 or the monitoring module 150A, the machine user input / output interface 250 provides an integrated HCI 210, 250, 210S. Thus, the input / output interface 210 in embodiments can be configured to enable all of the aforementioned inputs and / or outputs along with interfaces 210 and 250.

[0091] FIG1C is a block diagram illustrating a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a workpiece of raw material, which is a box 10B that receives a plurality of inputs U1, ...Uk and generates a plurality of outputs Y1, ...Yn. Referring to FIG1C , it should be noted that for ease of analysis, the machine 10 can be viewed as a black box 10B having a plurality of input variables, referred to as input parameters U1, U2, U3, ...Uk, where index k is a positive integer. During operation of the black box machine 10B, the black box machine 10B has a tool wear state X, and it generates a plurality of output variables, also referred to as output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ...Yn, where index n is a positive integer.

[0092] The tool wear state X of the machine 10 can be described or represented by a plurality of tool wear state parameters X1 , X2 , X3 , . . . , Xm, where the index m is a positive integer.

[0093] Using linear algebra terms, the input variables U1, U2, U3, ..., Uk can be collectively referred to as the input vector U; the tool wear state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm can be collectively referred to as the tool wear state vector X; and the output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn can be collectively referred to as the output vector Y.

[0094] The tool wear state X of the machine 10 at a time point referred to as r may be referred to as X(r). The tool wear state X(r) may be described or indicated by a plurality of parameter values ​​defining different aspects of the tool wear state X(r) of the machine 10 at time r.

[0095] The tool wear state X(r) of the black box machine 10B depends on the input vector U(r), while the output vector Y(r) depends on the tool wear state vector X(r). One aspect of the tool wear state X is the tool edge 310 of the tool 20 processing the raw material 30, and the tool wear state vector X(r) does not change immediately. Therefore, during the operation of the machine 10, the tool wear state X(r) can be considered as a function of the earlier tool wear state X(r-1) and the input U(r):

[0096] X(r)=f1(X(r-1), U(r)), where X(r-1) represents the tool wear state X of the tool 20 at a time point before a time point called r.

[0097] Similarly, the output Y of the black box 10B can also be considered as a function of the tool wear state X:

[0098] Y(r)=f2(X(r))

[0099] Figure 2 is similar to Figure 1A FIG2 is another example of a cross-sectional view of the machine depicted in FIG2 taken along line AA, showing a more detailed example of the tool 20. The tool 20 can have a tool blade attachment device 22 for releasably attaching a plurality of tool blades 310. According to one example, the tool blade attachment device 22 is configured to releasably attach at least one tool blade 310. Figure 2 Two tool blade attachment devices 22 are depicted, each attaching one tool blade 310. In some embodiments, all tool blades 310 are attached via a tool blade attachment device 22. In some embodiments, multiple tool blades 310 are attached via the same tool blade attachment device 22. In some embodiments, all tool blades 310 are attached via the same tool blade attachment device 22.

[0100] According to some embodiments, at least two tool edges 310 are provided on the tool 20 . Figure 2The example tool 20 shown in FIG includes twelve tool edges 310 positioned equidistant from one another in a radial configuration on the tool 20. The tool edges 310 can be configured to engage and deform a raw material 30 as the tool 20 rotates about an axis of rotation 60. The raw material 30 has a material surface, which is a boundary between the environment and the raw material 30. The term "deformation" refers to any change in the shape of an object and / or the removal of parts of an object, such as stripping bark from a log.

[0101] exist Figure 2 In the embodiment, the tool 20 rotates in the clockwise direction at a speed f ROT The tool edge 310 includes a structure such as a cutting blade or saw blade teeth that protrudes from the tool edge attachment 22. The tool edge 310 has a leading edge (not shown) that engages and shears the stock material 30 when the tool is rotated about the rotation axis 60, causing the stock material workpiece 30 to deform.

[0102] In one example, the tool edge 310 is integrally formed as part of a single unitary body with the tool edge attachment 22 and the tool 20. According to some embodiments, the tool edge 310 is equally spaced around the tool 20 so that for a rotating tool 20, the tool edge 310 (more specifically, the front edge of the tool edge 310) will pass through a stationary position at the surface of the tool 20 at a constant frequency. Figure 2 The exemplary tool 20 shown in FIG 2 includes twelve tool edges 310, with the angular distance between any two adjacent tool edges 310 being 30 degrees. In the context of a rotary tool, it should be noted that when there are L tool edges 310 on the tool, and the L tool edges 310 are positioned such that the leading edges of the tool edges 310 are evenly spaced, the angular distance between any two adjacent leading edges is 360 / L degrees. Therefore, when there are L tool edges 310 at an angular position on the tool 20, and the L tool edges 310 are positioned in an equidistant manner, the angular distance between any two adjacent tool edges 310 is 360 / L degrees.

[0103] The term "leading edge of a tool edge" refers to the portion or portions of the tool edge that are intended to engage the stock material during operation. For example, for a saw blade tool edge, the leading edge would be the teeth of the saw blade, or the outermost portion of the teeth of the saw blade. Unless otherwise specified, evenly spaced tool edges also mean that the leading edges of the tool edge are evenly spaced.

[0104] exist Figure 2In the example shown in , tool position measurement is performed at the tool 20. The position sensor 170 is mounted in a fixed manner so as to generate a position signal Ep having a sequence of position signal values ​​PS for indicating the instantaneous rotational position of the tool 20. The position marking device 180 can be provided on the outer wall surface of the tool 20 so that when the tool 20 rotates about the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes the position sensor 170 every time the tool rotates once, so that the position sensor 170 generates a rotation mark signal value P. S The position sensor 170 may include a tachometer 170 that delivers, for example, one position signal pulse Ep per revolution.

[0105] The position marker 180 may include a metal object. For example, the metal object may be a bolt or a metal bracket. The machine 10 and / or tool 20 may include multiple position sensors 170 and / or multiple markers 180, thereby allowing multiple interactions between the position sensors 170 and the position markers 180 per revolution.

[0106] An important aspect of the shearing process is the flow rate of the output material 95 out of the machine 10. The delivery of the output material 95 from the machine 10 may also be referred to as the output material discharge rate.

[0107] The raw material 30 can be measured as it is fed into the machine 10. A feed analyzer 325 can be provided for generating a measurement indicating at least one raw material property U4. The at least one feed property U4 can include a raw material size distribution. Thus, the raw material size distribution U4 can be estimated, for example, through measurement. Alternatively, the raw material size distribution U4 can be predetermined. In some examples, the raw material size distribution U4 is known due to processing and / or sorting of the raw material 30 before it reaches the machine 10.

[0108] Once the raw material 30 enters the machine 10, the raw material 30 may be collectively referred to as a raw material workpiece 30. While in contact with the rotating tool 20, the raw material workpiece 30 is deformed, typically resulting in breakage into smaller pieces that are ejected from the machine 10 through the pass-through area. The deformation causes the size distribution of the raw material to change, thereby producing an output material 95.

[0109] During operation, the output material 95 is discharged at an output material discharge rate R SDis Out of the machine 10. The output material discharge rate R can be measured SDis , and it can be considered as the output parameter Y1.

[0110] Output material size distribution may be measured and values ​​indicative thereof may be provided, for example, as output parameter values ​​Y2, Y3, etc. Output material surface roughness may be measured and values ​​indicative thereof may be provided as output parameter value Y4.

[0111] It is believed that the output material property Y depends on

[0112] - the nature of the raw material U, and

[0113] The wear state X of the tools of the machine 10 .

[0114] refer to Figure 1A During steady-state operating conditions, the mass flow of material into and out of the machine 10 will be constant or substantially constant. Thus, the flow of output material 95 leaving the machine 10 can be discussed in terms of mass per time unit, for example measured in kilograms per minute or metric tons per hour.

[0115] Figure 3 1 is a schematic block diagram of an example of the analysis device 150 shown in FIG1 . The analysis device 150 has a circuit for receiving the analog vibration signal S from the vibration sensor 70. EA The input terminal 140 is connected to the analog-to-digital (A / D) converter 330. The A / D converter 330 samples the data at a specific sampling frequency f S The received analog vibration signal S EA Sampling is performed to transmit data with a specific sampling frequency f S The digital measurement data signal S MD , and wherein the amplitude of each sample depends on the amplitude of the analog signal received at the sampling instant. The digital measurement data signal S is transmitted on the digital output terminal 340 coupled to the data processing device 350 MD .

[0116] refer to Figure 3The data processing device 350 is coupled to a computer-readable medium 360 for storing program code. The computer-readable medium 360 may also be referred to as memory 360. The program memory 360 is preferably a non-volatile memory. The memory 360 may be a read / write memory, i.e., data can be read from the memory and new data can be written to the memory 360. According to one example, the program memory 360 is implemented as flash memory. The program memory 360 may include a first memory segment 370 for storing a first set of program code 380, which is executable to control the analysis device 150 to perform basic operations. The program memory 360 may also include a second memory segment 390 for storing a second set of program code 394. The second set of program code in the second memory segment 390 may include program code for causing the analysis device 150 to process the detection signal. Signal processing may include processing for generating information indicating a tool wear state of a machine including tools for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece, as discussed elsewhere in this document. Furthermore, the signal processing may include control of a machine comprising a tool for shearing and / or forming a workpiece of raw material, as discussed elsewhere in this document. Thus, the signal processing may include generating data indicative of a tool wear state X of a machine comprising a tool for shearing and / or forming a workpiece of raw material, as in combination with, for example Figure 5 , as disclosed in the embodiments of the state parameter extractor 450 of FIG. 15 and / or FIG. 24 .

[0117] The memory 360 may further include a third memory segment 400 for storing a third set of program codes 410. The set of program codes 410 in the third memory segment 400 may include program codes for causing the analysis device to perform a selected analysis function. When the analysis function is performed, the analysis device may present corresponding analysis results on the user interface 210, 210S, or transmit the analysis results on the port 420.

[0118] The data processing device 350 is also coupled to a read / write memory 430 for data storage. Thus, the analysis device 150 includes a data processor 350 and program code for causing the data processor 350 to perform certain functions, including digital signal processing functions. When it is stated in this document that the device 150 performs a certain function or a certain method, the statement may mean that the computer program operates in the data processing device 350 to cause the device 150 to perform the method or function described in this document.

[0119] The processor 350 may be a digital signal processor. The digital signal processor 350 may also be referred to as a DSP. Alternatively, the processor 350 may be a field programmable gate array circuit (FPGA). Thus, the computer program may be executed by the field programmable gate array circuit (FPGA). Alternatively, the processor 350 may include a combination of a processor and an FPGA. Thus, the processor may be configured to control the operation of the FPGA.

[0120] Figure 4 is a simplified illustration of program memory 360 and its contents. The simplified illustration is intended to convey an understanding of the general idea of ​​storing different program functions in memory 360 and is not necessarily a correct technical teaching of the manner in which the programs would be stored in actual memory circuits. A first memory segment 370 stores program code for controlling the analysis device 150 to perform basic operations. Although Figure 4 The simplified diagram of FIG shows pseudo code, but it should be understood that the program code can be a machine code or can be processed by the data processing device 350 ( Figure 3 ) consists of program code at any level of execution or interpretation.

[0121] Figure 4 The second memory segment 390 shown in FIG stores a second set of program codes 394. When operating on the data processing device 350, the program codes 394 in the segment 390 will cause the analysis device 150 to perform a function, such as a digital signal processing function. The function may include a digital measurement data signal S MD Advanced mathematical processing.

[0122] The computer program for controlling the functions of the analysis device 150 can be downloaded from the server computer. This means that the program to be downloaded is transmitted via a communication network. This can be achieved by modulating a carrier wave to carry the program on the communication network. The downloaded program can then be loaded into a digital memory, such as the memory 360 (see Figure 3 and Figure 4 ). Thus, the program 380 and / or the signal processing program 394 and / or the analysis function program 410 can communicate with the user via, for example, port 420 ( Figure 1A and Figure 3 )'s communication port so that it can be loaded into the program memory 360.

[0123] Therefore, the present document also relates to a computer program product, such as program code 380 and / or program code 394 and / or program code 410, which can be loaded into the digital memory of the device. The computer program product comprises software code portions for performing the signal processing method and / or analysis function when the product is run on the data processing unit 350 of the device 150. The term "running on the data processing unit" means that the computer program plus the data processing means 350 performs the method described in the present document.

[0124] The phrase "computer program product loadable into the digital memory of an analysis device" means that a computer program can be introduced into the digital memory of analysis device 150 to implement analysis device 150 programmed to be capable of or adapted to perform the methods described herein. The term "loaded into the digital memory of the device" means that the device programmed in this manner is capable of or adapted to perform the functions and / or methods described herein. The computer program product described above may also be a program 380, 394, 410 loadable onto a computer-readable medium, such as an optical disc or DVD. Such a computer-readable medium can be used to transmit the program 380, 394, 410 to a client. Alternatively, as described above, the computer program product may include a carrier wave modulated to carry the computer program 380, 394, 410 via a communications network. Thus, the computer program 380, 394, 410 can be transmitted from a vendor's server to a client device having analysis device 150 via an internet download.

[0125] Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the analysis device 150. Figure 5 In the example, some functional blocks represent hardware, and some functional blocks may represent hardware, or may represent functions implemented by running program codes on the data processing device 350, such as in combination with Figure 3 and Figure 4 discussed.

[0126] Figure 5 The device 150 shows Figure 1A and / or Figure 3 An example of an analysis device 150 is shown in FIG. To simplify understanding, Figure 5 Also shown are some peripheral devices coupled to the device 150. The vibration sensor 70 is coupled to the input 140 of the analysis device 150 to transmit the analog measurement signal S EA (Also called vibration signal S EA ) is transmitted to the analysis device 150.

[0127] Furthermore, a position sensor 170 is coupled to the second input 160 . The position sensor 170 therefore transmits a position signal Ep to the second input 160 of the analysis device 150 as a function of the rotational position of the tool 20 and the position of the tool edge 310 .

[0128] The input terminal 140 is connected to an analog-to-digital (A / D) converter 330. The A / D converter 330 operates at a specific sampling frequency f S The received analog vibration signal S EA Sampling is performed to transmit data with a specific sampling frequency f S The digital measurement data signal S MD , and wherein the amplitude of each sample depends on the amplitude of the analog signal received at the sampling moment. The digital measurement data signal S is transmitted on the digital output terminal 340 MD , the digital output is coupled to the data processing unit 440. The data processing unit 440 includes functional blocks that show the functions performed. In terms of hardware, the data processing unit 440 may include a data processing unit 350, a program memory 360 and a read / write memory 430, as described above in conjunction with Figure 3 and Figure 4 As described. Therefore, Figure 5 The analysis device 150 may include a data processing unit 440 and program codes for enabling the analysis device 150 to perform certain functions.

[0129] Digital measurement data signal S MD The A / D converter 330 can be configured to process the analog vibration signal S in parallel with the position signal Ep. EA The position signal Ep can be sampled at the same time. The sampling frequency f S To generate a digital position signal E PD , where the amplitude of each sample P(i) depends on the amplitude of the received analog position signal Ep at the sampling moment.

[0130] As mentioned above, the simulated position signal Ep may have a marker signal value P S , for example, in the form of an electrical pulse, the marker signal value has an amplitude edge that can be accurately detected and indicates a certain rotational position of the monitored tool 20. Therefore, although the analog position marker signal P S Has an amplitude edge that can be accurately detected, but the digital position signal E PD The switch from a first value (eg, "0" (zero)) to a second value (eg, "1" (one)) will occur at different times.

[0131] Thus, the A / D converter 330 can be configured to transmit a sequence of measurement value pairs S(i) associated with corresponding position signal values ​​P(i). The letter "i" in S(i) and P(i) represents a time point, i.e., a sample number. Thus, the time sequence of the position signal values ​​P(i) can be analyzed and the digital position signal E(i) can be identified. PD The sample P(i) has switched from a first value (eg, “0” (zero)) to a second value (eg, “1” (one)) to detect the occurrence time of the rotation reference position of the rotation tool.

[0132] Figure 6A is a graphical representation of the signal pair S(i) and P(i) delivered by the A / D converter 330 .

[0133] Figure 6B is a diagrammatic representation of a sequence of signal pairs S(i) and P(i) transmitted by A / D converter 330. The first signal pair comprises a first vibration signal amplitude value S(n) associated with sampling instant "n", which is transmitted simultaneously with a first position signal value P(n), associated with sampling instant "n". This is followed by a second signal pair comprising a second vibration signal amplitude value S(n+1) associated with sampling instant "n+1", which is transmitted simultaneously with a second position signal value P(n+1) associated with sampling instant "n+1", and so on.

[0134] refer to Figure 5 , the signal pair S(i) and P(i) is transmitted to the state parameter extractor 450. The state parameter extractor 450 is configured to generate and output a value indicating the tool wear condition X. The value indicating the tool wear condition X is based on the measured impact force F generated when the tool edge 310 of the rotating tool interacts with the raw material workpiece 30. IMP (See Figure 1A 、 Figure 2 As described above, the digital position signal E can be indicated by analyzing the time series of the position signal values ​​P(i) and identifying the samples P(i). PD The occurrence time of the rotation reference position of the rotating tool has been detected by switching from a first value (eg, “0” (zero)) to a second value (eg, “1” (one)).

[0135] exist Figure 5 In the figure, five output values ​​are shown: indicating the impact force F IMP The amplitude of S p (r), indicating the position and / or rotation of the tool 20 at the time of impact T (r), the corresponding derivative, and the determined rotational speed f of the tool 20 ROT(r). It will be appreciated that the state parameter extractor 450 may generate a variety of different types of output values, such as values ​​representing the signal pair S(i)P(i) in the frequency domain, or values ​​obtained by averaging / interpolating the signal pair S(i)P(i) data over multiple rotations.

[0136] The state parameter extractor 450 may also be configured to generate a set of average cyclic position values ​​P(i) based on the cyclic position values ​​P(i) and the vibration signal values ​​S(i) from a plurality of rotations. TSA and a corresponding set of average vibration signal values ​​S TSA In some examples, a set of average cycle position values ​​P TSA and a corresponding set of average vibration signal values ​​S TSA Includes the average vibration amplitude value S at equidistant positions along the rotation or along the cyclic path TSA (i) and the average position value P TSA (i), such as 360 pairs of values ​​comprising one rotation, where a pair of values ​​is 1 degree apart.

[0137] The state parameter extractor 450 can also be configured to generate frequency amplitude and / or frequency phase based on the Fourier transform of the cyclic position value P(i) and the vibration signal value S(i). The relationship between the frequency amplitudes of different frequencies or frequency bins can indicate the tool wear state X. The phases of different frequencies or frequency bins can indicate the tool wear state X and / or the location on the tool 20 where the raw material workpiece 30 interacts with the tool edge 310.

[0138] Figure 7 4 is a block diagram showing an example of a portion of a state parameter extractor 450. According to an example, the state parameter extractor 450 comprises a memory 460. The state parameter extractor 450 is adapted to receive a sequence of measurement values ​​S(i) and a sequence of position signals P(i) and a time relationship therebetween, and is adapted to provide a sequence of time-coupled values ​​S(i), f(i). ROT (i) and P(i). Therefore, a single measurement value S(i) is associated with the corresponding velocity value f ROT (i) Associated, speed value f ROT (i) indicates the rotational speed of the tool 20 when the associated single measurement value S(i) is detected. This will be described below with reference to Figures 8 to 9. Figure 13 Detailed description.

[0139] Figure 8 is a simplified illustration of an example of memory 460 and its contents, and columns #01, #02, #03, #04 and #05 on the left-hand side of the illustration of memory 460 provide illustrative images intended to show the temporal relationship between the detection time of the encoder pulse signal P(i) (see column #02) and the corresponding vibration measurement value S(i) (see column #03).

[0140] As mentioned above, the analog-to-digital converter 330 uses the initial sampling frequency f S For analog electrical measurement signal S EA Sampling is performed to generate a digital measurement data signal S MD . It is also possible to have essentially the same initial time resolution f S The encoder signal P is detected, as shown in column #02 of FIG8.

[0141] Column #01 shows the time course as a series of time slots, each time slot having a duration dt=1 / f Sample ; Among them, f Sample Is the analog electrical measurement signal S EA The initial sampling frequency f for sampling S The sampling frequency has an integer relationship. According to a preferred example, the sampling frequency f Sample is the initial sampling frequency f S According to another example, the sampling frequency f Sample is the first reduced sampling frequency f SR1 , and the initial sampling frequency f S Compared with , it reduces the integer multiple M.

[0142] In column #02 of FIG8 , each positive edge of the encoder signal P is represented by a "1." In this example, positive edges of the encoder signal P are detected in the 3rd, 45th, 78th, and 98th time slots, as shown in column #02. According to another example, negative edges of the position signal are detected, which provides equivalent results to detecting positive edges. According to yet another example, both positive and negative edges of the position signal are detected to provide redundancy by allowing a later selection of whether to use positive or negative edges.

[0143] Column #03 shows a sequence of vibration sample values ​​S(i). Column #05 shows a corresponding sequence of vibration sample values ​​S(j) when integer decimation is performed. Thus, when integer decimation is performed by this stage, it can, for example, be set to provide an integer decimation factor M=10, and as shown in Figure 8, one vibration sample value S(j) (see column #05 in Figure 8) will be provided for every ten samples S(i) (see column #03 in Figure 8). According to one example, very precise position and time information PT associated with the extracted vibration sample values ​​S(j) is maintained by setting the position time signal in column #04 to a value PT=3, so as to indicate that a positive edge was detected in time slot #03 (see column #02). Thus, the value of the position time signal after integer decimation indicates the detection time of the position signal edge P relative to the sample value S(1).

[0144] In the example of FIG8 , the amplitude value of the position time signal at sample i=3 is PT=3, and since the decimation factor M=10 causes sample S(1) to be transmitted in time slot 10, this means that an edge is detected in M-PT=10-3=7 time slots before the time slot of sample S(1). Therefore, the device 150 can be operated to process information about the positive edge of the encoder signal P(i) in parallel with the vibration sample S(i) in order to establish the velocity value f by detecting the analog signal. ROT The above signal processing maintains the time relationship between the positive edge of the encoder signal P(i) and the corresponding vibration sample value S(i) and / or the integer-decimated vibration sample value S(j).

[0145] Figure 9 It shows the operation Figure 7 Flowchart of an example of a method of the state parameter extractor 450.

[0146] According to one example, the state parameter extractor 450 analyzes (step S#10) the temporal relationship between three consecutive received position signals to determine whether the monitored rotary tool 20 is in a constant speed phase or an acceleration phase. As described above, this analysis can be performed based on the information in the memory 460 (see FIG8 ).

[0147] If the analysis shows that there are the same number of time gaps between the position signals, then the state parameter extractor 450 concludes (at step #20) that the speed is constant, in which case step S#30 is executed.

[0148] In step S#30, the state parameter extractor 450 can calculate the duration between two consecutive position signals by multiplying the duration of the time slot dt=1 / fs by the number of time slots between the two consecutive position signals. When the monitored tool 20 provides a position signal once per full rotation, the rotational speed can be calculated as

[0149] V=1 / (n diff ×dt),

[0150] Among them, n diff = Number of time slots between two consecutive position signals.

[0151] During the constant velocity phase, all sample values ​​S(j) associated with the three analyzed position signals (see column #05 in FIG8 ) may be assigned the same velocity value f ROT =V=1 / (n diff × dt), as described above. Thereafter, step S#10 may be performed again for the next three consecutively received position signals. Alternatively, when step S#10 is repeated, the previous third position signal P3 will be used as the first position signal P1 (i.e., P1:=P3) to determine whether the speed is about to change.

[0152] If the analysis (step S#10) shows that the number of time slots between the first position signal and the second position signal is different from the number of time slots between the second position signal and the third position signal, the state parameter extractor 450 concludes (in step S#20) that the monitored rotating tool 20 is in an acceleration phase. Acceleration can be positive, i.e., an increase in the rotational speed, or negative, i.e., a decrease in the rotational speed, also known as deceleration.

[0153] In the next step S#40, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish instantaneous speed values ​​during the acceleration phase and associates each measured data value S(j) with an instantaneous speed value Vp, which indicates the rotational speed of the monitored tool 20 when the sensor signal (SEA) value corresponding to the data value S(j) is detected.

[0154] According to an example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish the instantaneous speed value by linear interpolation. According to another example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish the instantaneous speed value by non-linear interpolation.

[0155] Figure 10 is shown for executing Figure 9 According to an example, it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value during the duration between two position indicators P adjacent to each other (see column #02 in FIG8 ). Therefore, when

[0156] Transmit the position indicator P once per revolution, and

[0157] The gear ratio is 1 / 1:

[0158] - the angular distance traveled by the rotating tool 20 between two mutually adjacent position indicators P is one (1) revolution, which can also be expressed as 360 degrees, and

[0159] - Duration is T=n diff ×dt,

[0160] Among them, n diff is the number of time slots of duration dt between two mutually adjacent position indicators P.

[0161] 8, the first position indicator P is detected in time slot il=#03, and the next position indicator P is detected in time slot i2=#45. Therefore, the duration is n diff1 =i2-i1=45-3=42 time slots.

[0162] Therefore, in step S#60 (see FIG. 8 ), Figure 10 ), the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a first time slot number n between the first two consecutive position signals P1 and P2, that is, between the position signal P(i=3) and the position signal P(i=45). diff1 .

[0163] In step S#70, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to calculate the first rotation speed value VT1. The first rotation speed value VTL can be calculated as

[0164] VT1=1 / (n diff1 ×dt),

[0165] Among them, VT1 is the speed expressed in revolutions per second,

[0166] n diff1 = the number of time slots between two consecutive position signals; and

[0167] dt is the duration of the time slot, expressed in seconds.

[0168] Since it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value during the duration between two position indicators P adjacent to each other, the calculated first velocity value VT1 is assigned to the intermediate time slot between two consecutive position signals (step S#80).

[0169] Therefore, in this example, where in time slot i P1 = #03 detects the first position indicator P1, and the next position indicator P2 is detected in time slot iP2 = #45; the first intermediate time slot is

[0170] Time slot i P1-2 =i P1 +(i P2 -i P1) / 2=3+(45-3) / 2=3+21)=24.

[0171] Therefore, in step S#80, the first rotation speed value VT1 can be assigned to a time slot (e.g., time slot i=24) that represents a time point earlier than the time point when the second position signal edge P (i=45) is detected, see Figure 8.

[0172] The retroactive assignment of speed values ​​to time slots representing the time points between two consecutive position signals advantageously results in a significant reduction in the inaccuracy of the speed values. Although prior art methods of obtaining instantaneous rotational speed values ​​of the tool 20 may be satisfactory for establishing constant speed values ​​at several mutually different constant rotational speeds, prior art solutions appear to be unsatisfactory when used to establish speed values ​​of the rotating tool 20 during an acceleration phase.

[0173] In contrast, the method according to the example disclosed in this document enables speed values ​​to be established with advantageously small inaccuracies even during acceleration phases.

[0174] In the subsequent step S#90, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a second time slot number n between the next two consecutive position signals. diff2 In the example of FIG8 , this is the number of time slots n between time slot 45 and time slot 78. diff2 , that is, n diff2 =78-45=33.

[0175] In step S#100, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to calculate the second rotation speed value VT2. The second rotation speed value VT2 can be calculated as:

[0176] VT2=Vp61=1 / (n diff2 ×dt),

[0177] Among them, n diff2 = the number of time slots between the next two consecutive position signals P2 and P3. Therefore, in the example of FIG8, n diff2 =33, that is, the number of time slots between time slot 45 and time slot 78.

[0178] Since it can be assumed that the acceleration has a constant value in the duration between two mutually adjacent position indicators P, the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned (step S#110) to the intermediate time slot between two consecutive position signals.

[0179] 8, the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned to time slot 61, because 45 + (78 - 45) / 2 = 61.5. Therefore, the velocity at time slot 61 is set to:

[0180] V(61):=VT2.

[0181] Thus, in this example, where one position indicator P is detected in time slot i2=#45 and the next position indicator P is detected in time slot i3=#78; the second intermediate time slot is the integer portion of:

[0182] i P2-3 =i P2 +(i P3 -i P2 ) / 2=45+(78-45) / 2=45+33 / 2=61.5

[0183] Therefore, time slot 61 is the second middle time slot i P2-3 .

[0184] Therefore, in step S#110, the second velocity value VT2 can be advantageously assigned to a time slot (e.g., time slot i=61) that represents a time point earlier than the time point at which the third position signal edge P (i=78) is detected, see Figure 8. This feature enables slightly delayed real-time monitoring of the rotational speed while achieving improved accuracy in detecting the speed.

[0185] In the next step S#120, the first acceleration value of the relevant time period is calculated. The first acceleration value can be calculated as:

[0186] a12=(VT2-VT1) / ((i VT2 -i VT1 )×dt)

[0187] In the example of FIG. 8 , the second speed value VT2 is assigned to the time slot 61, so i VT2 =61, and the first speed value VT1 is assigned to time slot 24, so i VT1 =24.

[0188] Therefore, since dt = 1 / fs, the acceleration value can be set to:

[0189] a12=fs×(VT2-VT1) / (i VT2 -i VT1 )

[0190] For the time period between time slot 24 and time slot 60, in the example of FIG. 8 .

[0191] In the next step S#130, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to associate the established first acceleration value a12 with the time slots in which the established acceleration value a12 is valid. This can be all time slots between the time slots of the first velocity value VT1 and the time slots of the second velocity value VT2. Thus, the established first acceleration value a12 can be associated with every time slot of the duration between the time slots of the first velocity value VT1 and the time slots of the second velocity value VT2. In the example of FIG8 , this is time slots 25 to 60. This is shown in column #07 of FIG8 .

[0192] In the next step S#140, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a velocity value for the measurement value s(j) associated with the duration for which the established acceleration value is valid. Thus, a velocity value is established for each time slot that

[0193] is associated with the measurement s(j), and

[0194] Associated with the established first acceleration value a12.

[0195] During linear acceleration, that is, when the acceleration a is constant, the velocity at any given point in time is given by the following equation:

[0196] V(i)=V(i-1)+a×dt,

[0197] in,

[0198] V(i) is the instantaneous velocity at time slot i,

[0199] V(i-1) is the instantaneous velocity at the time slot immediately before time slot i,

[0200] a is the acceleration,

[0201] dt is the duration of the time slot.

[0202] According to one example, the speed of each time slot from time slot 25 to time slot 60 can be calculated continuously in this manner, as shown in column #08 in FIG8 . Thus, in this manner, the instantaneous speed value Vp associated with the detected measurement values ​​Se(25), Se(26), Se(27) ... Se(59) and Se(60) can be established, and the detected measurement values ​​Se(25), Se(26), Se(27) ... Se(59) and Se(60) are associated with the acceleration value a12 (see column #08 in FIG8 together with column #03 and time slots 25 to 60 in column #07).

[0203] Thus, in this way, an instantaneous velocity value S(j) [see column #05] can be established which is associated with the detected measurement values ​​S(3), S(4), S(5) and S(6), which are associated with the acceleration value a12.

[0204] According to another example, the instantaneous speed of time slot 30 associated with the first measurement value s(j)=S(3) can be calculated as:

[0205] V(i=30)=Vp30=VT1+a×(30-24)×dt=Vp24+a×6×dt

[0206] The instantaneous speed of time slot 40 associated with the first measurement value s(j)=S(4) can be calculated as:

[0207] V(i=40)=Vp40=VT1+a×(40-24)×dt=Vp40+a×16×dt

[0208] or calculated as:

[0209] V(i=40)=Vp40=V(30)+(40-30)×dt=Vp30+a×10×dt

[0210] The instantaneous speed of the time slot 50 associated with the first measurement value s(j)=S(5) can then be calculated as:

[0211] V(i=50)=Vp50=V(40)+(50-40)×dt=Vp40+a×10×dt

[0212] And the instantaneous speed of time slot 60 associated with the first measurement value s(j)=S(6) can then be calculated as:

[0213] V(i=60)=Vp50+a×10×dt

[0214] As described above, when the measurement sample values ​​S(i) [see column #03 in FIG8 ] associated with the established acceleration values ​​have been associated with the instantaneous velocity values, a data array comprising a time series of measurement sample values ​​S(i) can be delivered at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value being associated with the velocity values ​​V(i), f(i). ROT (i) Associated.

[0215] Alternatively, if a decimation of the sampling rate is required, it can be done as follows: As described above, when the measurement sample values ​​S(j) [see column #05 in FIG8 ] associated with the established acceleration values ​​have been associated with the instantaneous velocity values, a data array comprising a time series of measurement sample values ​​S(j) can be delivered at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value being associated with the velocity value V(j), f(j), and f(j). ROT (j) Associated.

[0216] refer to Figure 11 , describes another example of a method. According to this example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to record (see Figure 11 step S#160 in step S#161) of the position signal (Ep) such that between at least some of the recorded position signal values ​​(P(i)), for example, between a first position signal value P1(i) and a second position signal value P2(i), there is a value n diff1 According to an example, the second position signal value P2(i) is received and recorded in a time slot (i) which is n times after the first position signal value P1(i) is received. diff1 time slots arrive (see Figure 11 Then, the third position signal value P3(i) is received and recorded (see step S#160 in FIG. Figure 11 Step S#170 in ) is in time slot (i), which arrives ndiff2 time slots after receiving the second position signal value P2(i).

[0217] like Figure 11 As shown in step S#180 in FIG. 1 , the state parameter extractor 450 may be operated to calculate the relationship value

[0218] a12=ndiff1 / ndiff2

[0219] If the relationship value a12 is equal to unity or approximately equal to unity, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish that the speed is constant and can continue to calculate the speed according to the constant speed phase method.

[0220] If the relation value a12 is greater than one, then the relation value indicates a percentage speed increase.

[0221] If the relation value a12 is less than one, then the relation value indicates a percentage speed reduction.

[0222] The relationship value a12 can be used to calculate the speed V2 at the end of the time series based on the speed V1 at the beginning of the time series, for example, as

[0223] V2=a12×V1

[0224] Figure 12is shown for executing Figure 9 According to an example, it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value during the duration between two position indicators P adjacent to each other (see column #02 in FIG8 ). Therefore, when

[0225] Transmit the position indicator P once per revolution, and

[0226] The gear ratio is 1 / 1:

[0227] - the angular distance between two adjacent position indicators P is 1 revolution, which can also be expressed as 360 degrees, and

[0228] - the duration is T = n × dt,

[0229] ■ where n is the number of time slots of duration dt between the first two mutually adjacent position indicators P1 and P2.

[0230] In step S#200, the first rotation speed value VT1 can be calculated as:

[0231] VT1=1 / (n diff1 ×dt),

[0232] Among them, VT1 is the speed expressed in revolutions per second,

[0233] ndiff1 = the number of time slots between two consecutive position signals; and

[0234] dt is the duration of the time slot, expressed in seconds. The value of dt can be, for example, the reciprocal of the initial sampling frequency fs.

[0235] Since the acceleration is assumed to have a constant value during the duration between two mutually adjacent position indicators P, the calculated first velocity value VT1 is assigned to the first intermediate time slot in the middle between two consecutive position signals P(i) and P(i+ndiff1).

[0236] In step S#210, the second velocity value VT2 can be calculated as:

[0237] VT2=1 / (ndiff2×dt),

[0238] Among them, VT2 is the speed expressed in revolutions per second,

[0239] ndiff2 = number of time slots between two consecutive position signals; and

[0240] dt is the duration of the time slot, expressed in seconds. The value of dt can be, for example, the reciprocal of the initial sampling frequency fs.

[0241] Since the acceleration is assumed to have a constant value during the duration between two adjacent position indicators P, the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned to the second intermediate time slot in the middle between two consecutive position signals P(i+ndiff1) and P(i+ndiff1+ndiff2).

[0242] After that, the speed difference V Delta can be calculated as:

[0243] V Delta =VT2-VT1

[0244] The speed difference V Delta The value can be divided by the number of time slots between the second intermediate time slot and the first intermediate time slot. The resulting value indicates the velocity difference dV between adjacent time slots. Of course, as mentioned above, constant acceleration is assumed.

[0245] The instantaneous speed value associated with the selected time slot may then be calculated based on the first rotational speed value VT1 and a value indicative of the speed difference between adjacent time slots.

[0246] As described above, when the measurement sample values ​​S(i) associated with the time slot between the first intermediate time slot and the second intermediate time slot have been associated with instantaneous speed values, a data array comprising a time sequence of measurement sample values ​​S(i) is delivered at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value being associated with a speed value V(i). The instantaneous speed value V(i) may also be referred to as f ROT (i).

[0247] In summary, according to some examples, the first instantaneous velocity value VT1 may be established according to:

[0248] The angular distance Δ-FI between the first position signal P1 and the second position signal P2 p1-p2 , and depends on:

[0249] The corresponding duration Δ-T p1-p2 =t P2 -t P1 .

[0250] Thereafter, a second instantaneous velocity value VT2 can be established according to:

[0251] The angular distance Δ-FI between the second position signal P2 and the third position signal P3 p2-p3 , and depends on:

[0252] The corresponding duration Δ-T p2-p3 =t P2 -t P1 .

[0253] Thereafter, the instantaneous speed value of the rotating tool 20 may be established by interpolation between the first instantaneous speed value VT1 and the second instantaneous speed value VT2 .

[0254] In other words, according to an example, the angular distance Δ-FI p1-p2 ,Δ-FI p2-p3 Two instantaneous speed values ​​VT1 and VT2 are established by the corresponding time durations between the three consecutive position signals, and thereafter, the instantaneous speed value of the rotating tool 20 can be established by interpolation between the first instantaneous speed value VT1 and the second instantaneous speed value VT2.

[0255] Figure 13 is a diagram showing a series of temporally consecutive position signals P1, P2, P3, ..., each position signal P indicating a complete revolution of the monitored tool 20. Thus, the time values ​​in seconds increase to the right along the horizontal axis.

[0256] The vertical axis indicates rotational speed, graded in revolutions per minute (RPM).

[0257] refer to Figure 13 , shows the effect of a method according to an example. The first instantaneous speed value V(t1)=VT1 can be established according to the following:

[0258] The angular distance Δ-FI between the first position signal P1 and the second position signal P2 p1-p2 , and according to:

[0259] The corresponding duration Δ-T 1-2 =t P2 -t P1 By dividing the angular distance Δ-FI p1-p2 Divide by the corresponding duration (t P2 -t P1 ) represents the speed V(t1) of the rotating tool 20 at the first intermediate time point t1, also referred to as mtp (intermediate time point), as Figure 13 shown.

[0260] Thereafter, the second instantaneous velocity value V(t2)=VT2 can be established according to the following:

[0261] The angular distance Δ-FI between the second position signal P2 and the third position signal P3 is calculated according to:

[0262] The corresponding duration Δ-T2-3=t P3 -t P2 .

[0263] like Figure 13 As shown, by dividing the angular distance Δ-FI by the corresponding duration (t P3-t P2 ) represents the speed V(t2) of the rotating tool 20 at the second intermediate time point t2 (second mtp).

[0264] Thereafter, the instantaneous speed value of the time value between the first intermediate time point and the second intermediate time point can be established by interpolating between the first instantaneous speed value VT1 and the second instantaneous speed value VT2, as shown in the curve f ROTint shown.

[0265] Mathematically, this can be expressed as the following equation:

[0266] V(t12)=V(t1)+a×(t12-t1)

[0267] Therefore, if the velocity of the tool 20 can be detected at two time points (t1 and t2) and the acceleration a is constant, the instantaneous velocity at any time point can be calculated. Specifically, the tool velocity V(t12) at time t12 (a time point after t1 and before t2) can be calculated using the following formula:

[0268] V(t12)=V(t1)+a×(t12-t1)

[0269] in,

[0270] a is the acceleration, and

[0271] t1 is the first intermediate time point t1 (see Figure 13 ).

[0272] The establishment of the speed value and the reference value as described above can be achieved by executing the corresponding method steps. Figure 20 、 Figure 21 22, and this may be accomplished by a computer program 94 stored in the memory 60, as described above. The computer program may be executed by the DSP 50. Alternatively, the computer program may be executed by a field programmable gate array circuit (FPGA).

[0273] When the processor 350 executes the corresponding program codes 380, 394, 410, the speed value f ROT The establishment of (i) can be performed by the analysis device 150, as described above in conjunction with Figure 4As discussed. The data processor 350 may include a central processing unit 350 for controlling the operation of the analysis device 14. Alternatively, the processor 50 may include a digital signal processor (DSP) 350. According to another example, the processor 350 includes a field programmable gate array circuit (FPGA). The operation of the field programmable gate array circuit (FPGA) can be controlled by the central processing unit 350, which may include a digital signal processor (DSP) 350.

[0274] Identify data related to the condition of a tool edge in a machine 10 comprising a tool for cutting and / or forming a raw material. Tool 20 for material workpiece 30 .

[0275] The tool 20 has a tool tip attachment 22 that includes a plurality of tool tips 310 that can be configured to engage a raw material workpiece 30 as the tool rotates about an axis 60 (see, for example, FIG. Figure 2 ). The number of tool edges 310 provided on the tool edge attachment device 22 is referred to herein as the variable L. Although Figure 2 While twelve tool cutting edges 310 (i.e., L=12) are shown, the number L of tool cutting edges 310 may be higher or lower. According to some embodiments, the number L of tool cutting edges 310 may be at least one, i.e., the number L of tool cutting edges 310 may be L=1. According to some embodiments, the number L of tool cutting edges 310 may be any number greater than L=1. According to some embodiments, the number L of tool cutting edges 310 may be any value within the range of L=2 to L=60. According to some embodiments, the number L of tool cutting edges 310 may be any value within the range of L=2 to L=35.

[0276] The number L of tool edges 310 is an important factor in analyzing the vibration caused by the rotation of the tool 20. The inventors have recognized that the interaction of the tool edges 310 with the raw material workpiece 30 causes the mechanical vibration V IMP The inventors have also recognized that the mechanical vibration V caused by the interaction of the tool edge 310 with the raw material workpiece 30 IMP will be repeated, i.e. there will be a repetition frequency f R .

[0277] Therefore, the measurement signal S MD (See e.g. Figure 5 ) may include at least one vibration signal characteristic S depending on the vibration movement of the rotationally movable tool 20 FIMP ; Among them, the vibration signal feature S FIMP With repetition frequency f R , which depends on the rotation speed f of the rotationally moving tool 20 ROT .

[0278] In addition, the vibration signal feature SFIMP The magnitude of the peak amplitude seems to depend on the impact force F IMP The amplitude.

[0279] Therefore, the inventors concluded that the vibration signal feature S FIMP The energy or magnitude measurement appears to indicate the impact force F IMP The amplitude.

[0280] Therefore, in the tool 20 including a plurality of tool edges, the vibration signal characteristic S of the vibration movement of the rotationally moving tool 20 is determined. FIMP The presence of can provide information about the identity of a single tool edge. For example, the position of a single tool edge on the tool 20 can be indicated relative to a reference position value.

[0281] The inventors concluded that the mechanical vibration V caused by the interaction between the tool edge 310 and the raw material 30 IMP The repetition frequency f R The number L of tool edges 310 provided on the tool and the rotation speed f of the tool 20 are determined by ROT .

[0282] When the monitored tool 20 rotates at a constant rotational speed, this repetition rate fR can be discussed in terms of repetitions per time unit or in terms of repetitions per revolution of the monitored tool, without distinguishing between the two. However, if the tool 20 rotates at a variable rotational speed, this generally leads to complications, and elsewhere in this disclosure discusses how to handle variable rotational speeds, such as in conjunction with Figure 20 、 Figure 21 、 Figure 22A 、 Figure 22B and Figure 22C In fact, even very small changes in the rotational speed of the tool may have a significant adverse effect on the quality of the detected signal, in terms of the tailing of the detected vibration signal, unless compensated for. Therefore, the rotational speed f of the tool 20 is ROT Very precise detection is very important.

[0283] Furthermore, the inventors have realized that not only the mechanical vibration V IMP The amplitude of the mechanical vibration V IMP The occurrence time of the measurement signal S can indicate data related to the state of the tool 20 for shearing and / or forming the raw material workpiece 30. MD (See, for example, Figure 5 ) may include at least one vibration signal amplitude component S depending on the vibration movement of the rotationally movable tool 20 FIMP ;

[0284] Among them, the vibration signal amplitude component S FIMPWith repetition frequency f R , the repetition frequency:

[0285] - depends on the rotation speed f of the rotary moving tool 20 ROT , and also

[0286] depends on the number L of tool edges 310 provided on the tool 20; and

[0287] Among them, there is a temporal relationship between:

[0288] -Repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP The occurrence and

[0289] - having a second repetition frequency f P The frequency of the position signal P(i) depends on the rotation speed f of the rotary tool 20. ROT .

[0290] Regarding the constant rotation speed, the inventors concluded that if the rotation speed f ROT is constant, then the digital measurement signal S comprising a time series of vibration sample values ​​S(i) MD With repetition frequency f R , the repetition frequency depends on the number L of tool edges 310 provided on the tool.

[0291] It should be understood that although Figure 2 The example in Figure 1 depicts the tool 20 rotating and repeatedly impacting the raw material workpiece 30 with the tool edge 310, but the present invention is more generally applicable to any repetitive or cyclic interaction between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30. In some embodiments, at least one tool edge 310 is disposed on the tool 20, and the tool 20 moves in a predetermined path relative to the raw material workpiece 30, whereby the at least one tool edge 310 engages the raw material workpiece 30. In these embodiments, each traverse along the predetermined path is associated with Figure 2 The cycle corresponds to one rotation of the tool 20 in FIG. 1 , and the corresponding vibration signals from multiple complete moves along the path can be compared to Figure 2 In some embodiments, the tool 20 and the tool edge 310 are included in a lathe that is arranged to repeatedly and cyclically perform predetermined material removal from geometrically similar raw material workpieces 30, which in these embodiments is equivalent to Figure 2 One rotation of the tool 20 performs a predetermined material removal from a raw material workpiece 30, and Figure 2 The multiple tool 20 rotations in correspond to the cyclical removal of material from the multiple raw material workpieces 30 .

[0292] It should be understood that the multi-cycle vibration analysis generally relies on the engagement between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30 occurring at substantially the same point in repeated cycles in order to compare / identify the impact between each tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30 during the cycle, or to allow the use of vibration data from multiple cycles / rotations to assess the tool wear state of the tool 20. Generally, it is desirable and common in industry to perform shearing and / or forming of the raw material workpiece 30 in a cyclic manner, and therefore the multi-cycle vibration analysis may be compatible with several existing industrial processes.

[0293] Throughout this description, the use of the terms "rotation," "rotational speed," and "rotationally moving tool" with respect to 20 also relates to the aforementioned cyclically repetitive interaction between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30. It should be understood that the expression "rotational position of the tool" and any description of a value for the rotational position from 0 degrees to 360 degrees also relates to a general cycle, such as a description of a value for the position along the cycle, expressed as a distance from 0% to 100% along the total cycle path, or 0 degrees to 360 degrees mapped as a distance along the total cycle path. It should be understood that for cycles that include complex tool 20 movement and / or rotation, the expression "distance along the total cycle path" can relate to the time to reach a point along the path divided by the total time to complete a normal cycle, rather than a Euclidean distance. For example, a cycle that begins with the tool 20 engaging the raw material workpiece 30 at a first area, slowly removing material, and then.

[0294] The state parameter extractor 450 may optionally include a device coupled to receive the digital measurement signal S MD or depending on the digital measurement signal S MD (See Figure 15A ) is analyzed by a Fast Fourier Transformer (FFT) analyzer 510 of the signal. In conjunction with the analysis of the machine 10 comprising a tool 20 for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece 30, the tool having a rotating tool 20, the analysis is performed at a rotation frequency f higher than the rotation frequency f of the rotating tool 20. ROT The signal frequency of may be of interest, such as the signal frequency associated with the impact of each tool edge 310 with the raw material workpiece 30. In this context, the rotational frequency f of the tool 20 is ROT can be called "1st order". If the signal of interest occurs ten times per revolution of the tool, the frequency can be called 10th order, i.e. the repetition frequency f R (measured in Hz) divided by the rotational speed f ROT (measured in revolutions per second rps) equal to 10Hz / rps, that is, Oi=f R / f ROT =10th order.

[0295] The maximum order is called O MAX, and the total number of frequency bins in the FFT is used as B n , the inventors concluded that, according to an example, the following equation applies:

[0296] Oi×B n =N R ×O MAX .

[0297] In contrast, N R =Oi×B n / O MAX ,in,

[0298] O MAX is the maximum order; and

[0299] B n is the number of bins in the spectrum produced by the FFT, and

[0300] Oi is the number L of tool edges 310 in the tool 20 being monitored.

[0301] The above variables should preferably be set to MAX , B n and Oi, so that the variable N R In conjunction with the above example, it should be noted that the FFT analyzer 510 is configured to receive a reference signal, ie, a position marker signal value PS or E, once per revolution of the rotating tool 20. P If combined with Figure 2 As described above, a position marking device 180 can be provided so that when the tool 20 rotates around the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes the position sensor 170 once per rotation of the tool 20, thereby causing the position sensor 170 to generate a rotation mark signal value PS, E P .

[0302] Incidentally, referring to the above example of the FFT analyzer setting, the integer N obtained R The number of revolutions of the monitored tool 20 during which the digital signal S is analyzed can be indicated. MD According to an example, the variable O MAX 、B n and Oi can be set via the human-machine interface HCI 210, 210S (see, for example, FIG. 1 and / or Figure 5 and / or Figure 15A ).

[0303] Consider the digital measurement signal S MD is transmitted to the FFT analyzer: In this case, when the FFT analyzer 510 is set for ten tool edges, that is, L=10, and B n = 160 frequency intervals, and user attention analysis up to OMAX =100th order frequency, then N R The value becomes N R =Oi×B n / O MAX =10×160 / 100=16.

[0304] Therefore, when B is needed n = 160 frequency intervals, it is necessary to rotate the tool sixteen times (N R = 16), the number of tool edges is L = 10; and the user has a high MAX =100th order frequency is of interest. Combined with the settings of FFT analyzer 510, the order value O MAX The highest frequency to be analyzed in the digital measurement signal SMD can be indicated.

[0305] According to some embodiments, when the FFT analyzer is configured to receive a reference signal, i.e., a position marker signal value PS, every time the rotating tool 20 rotates, the settings of the FFT analyzer should meet the following criteria:

[0306] The integer value Oi is set equal to L, the number of tool edges 310 in the tool 20, and

[0307] Select the variable that can be set. MAX and B n , so that the mathematical expression Oi×B n / O MAX In other words: when the integer value Oi is set equal to L, the variable O can be set MAX and B n should be set to an integer value so that the variable N R is a positive integer,

[0308] Among them, N R =Oi×B n / O MAX

[0309] According to an example, a value B may be selected from a set of values. n To set the number of intervals B n The interval size B is related to the frequency resolution of the FFT. n The optional value group can include:

[0310] B n =200

[0311] B n =400

[0312] B n =800

[0313] B n =1600

[0314] B n =3200

[0315] Example of a constant speed phase

[0316] If combined Figure 9 As described in step S#30 in FIG. 1 , the state parameter extractor 450 can identify the constant speed phase, ie, the constant rotation speed f of the tool 20. ROT status.

[0317] In one example, the tool 20 has six tool edges 310 , ie, a number L=6, configured to engage the stock material 30 when the tool is rotated about the axis 60 .

[0318] The inner diameter of the tool 20 may be, for example, 600 cm, and the rotational speed may be constant, for example, 13.6 revolutions per minute. For the purposes of this example, the sampling frequency is: ROT , there are n = 7680 sampling points per revolution.

[0319] As described above, the tool 20 can rotate about the rotation axis 60, and thus the position sensor 170 can generate a position signal Ep for indicating the instantaneous rotational position of the tool 20. The position mark 180 can be provided on the outer surface of the tool 20 so that when the tool 20 rotates about the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes the position sensor 170 every time the tool makes one revolution, thereby causing the position signal Ep to exhibit a position mark signal value P. S Each position mark signal value P S Indicates the fixed position, i.e. the position where the stator is fixed.

[0320] Figure 2 The rotational position of the rotating tool 20 is shown, wherein the position mark 180 is located at the same rotational position as the static position sensor 170 and the tool edge 310 has passed through the raw material workpiece 30. The tool edge 310 is followed by an adjacent tool edge 310.

[0321] The impact between the adjacent tool edges 310 and the raw material workpiece 30 causes vibration V IMP , which vibration results in a signal signature event in the vibration signal. Therefore, since the position marker 180 is located at the same rotational position as the static position sensor 170, the rotational position can be determined based on the signal signature event indicating the impact and the number of such signal signature events.

[0322] When there is a position mark signal value P per revolution S And the rotation speed f ROTWhen constant or substantially constant, there will be a constant or substantially constant number of vibration sample values ​​S(i) for each revolution of the tool 20. For the purposes of this example, the position signal P(0) indicates vibration sample i=0, as shown in Table 2 (see below). For the purposes of this example, the position signal P(0) relative to the tool 20 may not be important as long as the repetition frequency f P Depending on the rotational speed f of the rotary tool 20 ROT Therefore, if the position signal Ep has one pulse Ps per revolution of the tool 20, the digital position signal will also have one position signal value P(i)=1 per revolution, and the remaining position signal values ​​will be zero.

[0323]

[0324]

[0325] Table 2

[0326] Therefore, at a constant speed f ROT , there may be n time slots per revolution, as shown in Table 2, and n may be a positive integer. In the example of Table 2, n=7680.

[0327] There is a position signal Ps per revolution. We know that the position signal will repeat every n time slots because the rotation speed f ROT Therefore, multiple virtual position signals P can be generated by calculation. C In one example, consider generating a virtual position signal P C A virtual position signal P is provided for each tool edge 310. C Can be used to establish temporal relationships between:

[0328] Repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP The occurrence and

[0329] With a second repetition frequency f P The frequency of the position signal P(i) depends on the rotation speed f of the rotary tool 20. ROT .

[0330] The tool 20 has L equally spaced tool edges 310 and has a position signal Ps per revolution and a constant rotational speed f ROT , a virtual position signal P can be generated for each tool edge 310 C , so that the position signals Ps, P C The total number of uniform distribution. Each such position mark signal value P S and Pc indicates the rest position.

[0331] Therefore, as shown in Table 3, when n time slots are provided per revolution, the position signal Ps or P C Will occur at every n / L sample value position. In Table 3, n=7680, and L=6, and therefore a position signal P is provided every 1280 samples. C , the calculated position signal indication is 1C.

[0332] Table 3 shows the principle of the time course of the position signal value P(i), and the calculated position signal value P(i) is represented as "1C".

[0333]

[0334]

[0335]

[0336] Table 3

[0337]

[0338]

[0339]

[0340] Table 4

[0341]

[0342]

[0343]

[0344]

[0345] Table 5

[0346] As described above, the tool 20 can rotate about the rotation axis 60 and thus the position sensor 170 mounted in a fixed manner can generate a position signal Ep having a tool position signal value P S The sequence is used to indicate the instantaneous rotation position of the tool 20. Figure 2 As shown, the position mark 180 can be provided on the outer surface of the tool 20 so that when the tool 20 rotates about the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes by the position sensor 170 during one rotation of the tool 20, thereby causing the position sensor 170 to generate a rotation mark signal value P S .

[0347] As described above, the position sensor 170 can generate a position signal Ep having a tool position signal value P SA sequence of values ​​P for indicating the instantaneous rotational position of the tool 20 when the tool 20 is rotated. Referring to Tables 2 to 4 in this document, such a marker signal value P S This is shown as "1" in column #2 of Tables 2 to 4.

[0348] When the rotating tool is provided with a position marking device 180, a marking signal value P is provided once per revolution. S In Tables 2 to 4, the signal value P is marked S Shown as "1" in column #2. There are L equally spaced tool edges 310 in the tool, and one position signal P per revolution and a constant rotational speed f ROT , a virtual position signal P can be generated for each tool edge 310 C , so that the position signals P, P C The total number of is evenly distributed as described above. Therefore, as shown in Table 3, when n time slots are provided per revolution, the position signal P or P C Will occur at every n / L sample value position. In Table 3, n=7680, and L=6, and therefore a position signal P is provided every 1280 samples. C , the calculated position signal indication is 1C.

[0349] It is believed that when the marking signal value P is provided once per revolution S (shown as "1" in the #2 column of Tables 2 to 4) and generates virtual position signal values ​​P in a uniformly distributed manner C The mutually equidistant positions of the tool cutting edges 310 are important so that when n time slots are provided per revolution in the sequence of tool position signal values ​​for indicating the instantaneous rotational position of the tool 20, the position signal P or P C It will occur at every n / L sample value position, as shown in Table 3. In Table 3, the actual detected rotation mark signal value P S is reflected as "1" (see column #2 in Table 3, time slot "0" and time slot "7680"), and the virtual position signal value P C Reflected as "1C" (see column #2 in Table 3, time slot "0" and time slot "7680").

[0350] It is believed that this is important for some embodiments of the present disclosure because the position mark 180 causes the generation of a position reference signal value, and the tool edge 310, when engaging the stock material 30, causes the generation of a signal event, e.g., an amplitude peak in the vibration signal (see, e.g., FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 ). Figure 15A, SEA, SMD, Se(i), S(j), S(q) in FIG. 2 ). Furthermore, the time duration between the occurrence of a position reference signal value caused by the tool edge 310 engaging the stock material 30 and the occurrence of a signal event in the vibration signal may indicate the identity of an individual tool edge 310 in the tool 20. It should be understood that the term "signal event" may relate to a value derived from the vibration signal and / or corresponding position value, such as a peak amplitude value divided by an average amplitude value, or a value from a Fourier transform or other established operation of the vibration signal.

[0351] Table 4 is a diagram of the first block (i.e., block I) with n / L=7680 / 6=1280 consecutive time slots. It will be understood that if there is a constant speed phase for the duration of a complete rotation of the tool 20 (see Figure 9 ), then each of blocks I to VI (see Table 3) will have the same appearance as block I shown in Table 4.

[0352] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to column #03 in Table 4, the vibration sample value S(i) is analyzed to detect the vibration signal feature S FIMP . Vibration signal characteristics S FIMP This can be expressed as a peak amplitude sample value Sp. According to one example, referring to column #03 in Table 4, the vibration sample values ​​S(i) are analyzed by a peak detector to detect the peak sample value Sp. Referring to Table 5, the peak analysis results in the detection of the highest vibration sample amplitude value S(i). In the illustrated example, the vibration sample amplitude value S(i=760) is detected as holding the highest peak value Sp.

[0353] Having detected that the peak Sp is located in time slot 760, a temporal relationship can be established between the occurrence of the repetitive vibration signal amplitude component Sp and the occurrence of the position signal P(i). In Table 5, the time slots carrying the position signal P(i) are represented as 0% and 100%, respectively, and all time slots in between are labeled with their corresponding positions, as shown in column #02 in Table 5. As shown in the example in column #02 of Table 5, the temporal position of time slot number i = 760 is 59% of the temporal distance between time slot i = 0 and time slot i = 1280. In other words, 760 / 1280 = 0.59 = 59%.

[0354] Therefore, the inventors concluded that the relationship between the following:

[0355] -Repetitive vibration signal amplitude component S FIMP and

[0356] - Position signal P(i)

[0357] The raw material workpiece 30 and the corresponding tool edge 310 in the rotating tool 20 can be used as I , 310II , 310 III , 310 IV ,……,310 L The impact force F IMP instructions.

[0358] In some examples, the vibration signal feature S FIMP The first part of the feature is detected as the first occurrence part of the feature above the threshold, and the first part of the feature is detected as being located in time slot 760, so that a time relationship between the occurrence of the repetitive vibration signal amplitude component Sp and the occurrence of the position signal P(i) can be established.

[0359] Therefore, the angular position of a single tool edge portion 310 in the tool 20 (expressed as a percentage of the distance between two adjacent position signals (see Table 5)) can be obtained as follows:

[0360] Counting from the first reference signal occurring in sample number N0=0 to sample number N B = the total number of samples of the second reference signal occurring in 1280 (N B -N0=N B -0=N B =1280), and

[0361] Counting from the first reference signal occurring in sample number N0=0 to sample number N P The number of samples of the peak amplitude value Sp that occurs in the P -N0=N P -0=N P ),as well as

[0362] Based on another number N P and the total number N B To generate information indicating the tool wear state of the tool 20. Information indicating the tool wear state related to the impact between the tool edge 310 of the rotary tool 20 and the raw material workpiece.

[0363] This can be summarized as:

[0364] R T (r)=R T (760)=(N P -N0) / (N B -N0)=(760-0) / (1280-0)=0.59=59%

[0365] Therefore, the characteristic output of the analysis device 150 corresponding to the tool edge 310 impacting the raw material 30 can be obtained by the following steps:

[0366] Count the total number of samples from the occurrence of the first reference signal to the occurrence of the second reference signal (N B ),as well as

[0367] Count from the first reference signal occurrence to sample number N P The number of samples of the peak amplitude value Sp that occurs in ((N P ),as well as

[0368] Based on the number of samples N P With the total number of samples (ie N B ) to generate information indicating the tool wear status of the tool 20.

[0369] Since the exemplary tool 20 rotates in the clockwise direction, the most recent peak sample value Sp is generated by the impact of the tool edge 310 with the raw material workpiece 30. Therefore, the vibration sample amplitude value S (i=760) detected to hold the highest peak value Sp occurs at time T before the position signal P (i=1280) occurs. SP =dt×(1280-760). Since S=v×t, where S=distance, v=constant velocity, and t is time, the time relationship can be directly converted into distance.

[0370] According to another example, referring to Table 6, the temporal relationship between the occurrence of the repetitive vibration signal amplitude component Sp and the occurrence of the position signal P(i) can be considered as a phase deviation expressed in degrees.

[0371]

[0372]

[0373]

[0374] Table 6

[0375] In fact, by using the position signal as a digital measurement signal S MD , S(i), S(j) and adjust the settings of the fast Fourier transformer 510 in a certain manner. The fast Fourier transformer 510 can be used to extract the amplitude peak and phase value, as discussed below. Therefore, when the total distance between the first tool edge 310 and the second tool edge 310 is considered to be 360 ​​degrees, column #02 of Table 6 can be considered to indicate the physical position of the raw material workpiece 30 at position 213,75 degrees of the distance between the first tool edge 310 and the second tool edge 310 (see column #02 of Table 6 in conjunction with the reference signals of ... Figure 2). When expressed as a fraction of the distance between two adjacent tool edges 310, the physical position of the raw material workpiece 30 can be referred to as the position of the raw material workpiece 30. In other words, the present disclosure provides a way to identify each tool edge 310 in the tool 20 used to shear and / or shape the raw material workpiece. Therefore, the present disclosure provides a way to generate information indicative of each tool edge 310, which is expressed as a fraction of the angular distance between the occurrences of the position signal P(i) of the rotating tool 20.

[0376] refer to Figure 2 , the angular position of the engagement between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30 can be described by a phase angle FI(r), as discussed below. Furthermore, according to an embodiment, the characteristics of each tool edge 310 impacting the raw material workpiece 30 can be expressed as a time duration. As discussed above, in conjunction with Table 5, since S=v×t, where S=distance, v=velocity of the tool edge 310, and t is time, the time relationship can be directly converted to distance. In this context, it should be noted that the velocity v of the tool edge 310 depends on the angular velocity f of the tool 20. ROT and tool edge 310 (see Figure 2 ). In addition, the engagement between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30 can be described by the vibration amplitude at each rotational position of the tool 20, wherein one rotation of the tool 20 is a cycle, and wherein the value of the vibration amplitude at a rotational position can be determined based on multiple cycles.

[0377] Figure 15A is a block diagram illustrating an example of the state parameter extractor 450 .

[0378] Figure 15A The exemplary state parameter extractor 450 in FIG. 5 includes a tool speed detector 500 , a speed variation compensation extractor 470 , and a fast Fourier transformer 510 , FFT. In summary, the tool speed detector 500 is configured to determine the rotational frequency f of the tool 20 . ROT and output S(j), P(j), f ROT (j); The speed variation compensation extractor 470 is configured to generate a signal S(q), P(q), f for each predetermined fraction of the tool rotation ROT , thereby generating a signal of the same direction of the tool 20 for each rotation, which is different from the rotation speed f ROT The fast Fourier transformer 510 is configured to calculate the amplitude of at least two orders of the fundamental frequency. Generally, the vibration amplitude S(q) together with the rotational position P(q) output from the speed variation compensation extractor 470 indicates the tool wear state X and can be provided as an output of the state parameter extractor 450.

[0379] It should be understood that the state parameter extractor 450 may extract parameters from the vibration signal of any repeating cycle of engagement between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30 as long as the position along the cycle can be determined.

[0380] In some examples, the output S(q)P(q) of the speed variation compensation decimator 470 is provided to the FFT 510 .

[0381] In some examples, the output S(q)P(q) of the speed variation compensation decimator 470 is provided to the HCI 210 .

[0382] In some examples, the HCI 210 is arranged to set the number of signal sets output by the speed variation compensation decimator 470 per revolution or cycle.

[0383] Figure 15A The state parameter extractor 450 includes receiving the digital vibration signal S MD , S(i) and the digital position signal (Pi). The tool speed detector 500 may also be referred to as a tool speed value generator 500. The tool speed detector 500 may generate a value based on the received digital vibration signal S MD , S(i) and the digital position signal (Pi) generate three signals S(j), P(j) and f ROT (j). This can be done, for example, as described above with respect to Figures 7 to 13 In this respect, it should be noted that the three signals S(j), P(j) and f(j) can be transmitted simultaneously. ROT (j), i.e., these signals are all associated with the same time slot j. In other words, the three signals S(j), P(j) and f(j) can be provided in a synchronized manner. ROT (j). Provides information such as S(j), P(j) and f in a synchronous manner ROT (j) and other signals, advantageously provide accurate information about the temporal relationship between the signal values ​​of the various signals. Thus, for example, the speed value f delivered by the tool speed value generator 500 ROT (j) indicates the instantaneous rotation speed of the tool 20 when the amplitude value S(j) is detected.

[0384] It should be noted that the signals S(j) and P(j) transmitted by the tool speed value generator 500 are delayed relative to the signals S(i) and (Pi) received by the tool speed value generator 500. It should also be noted that the signals S(j) and P(j) are equally delayed relative to the signals S(i) and (Pi), thereby preserving the temporal relationship between the two. In other words, the signals S(j) and P(j) are synchronously delayed.

[0385] The tool speed detector 500 may deliver a signal indicating whether the rotational speed remains constant for a sufficiently long time, in which case the signals S(j) and P(j) may be delivered to the fast Fourier transformer 510 .

[0386] The above variables should preferably be set to MAX 、B n and Oi, so that the variable N R is a positive integer, as discussed above. According to an example, the above variable O MAX 、N R and B N It can be set via the human machine interface HCI 210, 210S (see, for example, FIG. 1 and / or Figure 5 and / or Figure 15A As mentioned above, the integer N R It can indicate the number of revolutions of the monitored tool 20 during which the digital signals S(j) and P(j) are analyzed by the FFT 510. Thus, based on the variable O MAX 、N R and B N With the settings, FFT 510 obtains approximately N R / f ROT The FFT 510 may then transmit a set of frequency amplitude values ​​X1(r), X2(r), X3(r), etc. for a corresponding set of frequency intervals, indicating the tool wear state X.

[0387] In the tool wear status values ​​X1(r), X2(r), X3(r), the concept of "r" represents a time point. In some examples, X1(r) refers to a tool wear status value corresponding to the number of revolutions or cycles r, or a tool wear status value corresponding to the most recently calculated value at the time point r. It should be noted that there may be a time delay from the receipt of the first pair of input signals S(j), P(j) at the input end of the FFT 510 until the pair of tool wear status values ​​X1(r), X2(r), X3(r) is transmitted from the FFT 510. A pair of set tool wear status values ​​X1(r), X2(r), X3(r) can be based on the time sequence of the input signal pair S(j), P(j). The duration of the time sequence of the input signal pair S(j), P(j) should include at least two consecutive position signal values ​​P(j)=1 and the corresponding input signal pair.

[0388] As explained below, the tool wear state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r) can also be referred to as |C L | and Ф L As mentioned above about Figure 2 As described above, the vibration signal S EA 、S MD, S(j), S(r) will show signal characteristics S FIMP , indicating the impact of the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30. When there are L tool edges 310 in the tool 20 (see FIG1 in conjunction with FIG15 and FIG14), the signal characteristic S FIMP This will be repeated L times for every revolution of the tool 20 .

[0389] To convey an intuitive understanding of some examples of this signal processing, it may be helpful to consider the superposition principle and repetitive signals such as sinusoidal signals. Sinusoidal signals can exhibit amplitude and phase values. In short, the superposition principle (also known as the superposition property) states that for all linear systems, the net response caused by two or more stimuli at a given location and time is the sum of the responses caused by each stimulus individually. An acoustic wave is one such stimulus. A vibration signal (such as a signal signature S that indicates the impact of a tool edge with a raw material workpiece 30) is represented by a square wave. FIMP The vibration signal S EA 、S MD , S(j), S(r)) is also a kind of this stimulus. In fact, including the signal feature S FIMP The vibration signal S EA 、S MD , S(j), S(r) can be considered as the sum of sinusoidal signals, each of which exhibits an amplitude value and a phase value. In this regard, reference is made to the Fourier series (see equation 1 below):

[0390] n=∞

[0391] F(t)=∑C n sin(nωt+Ф n ) (Equation 1)

[0392] n=0

[0393] in,

[0394] n=0, the average value of the signal during a time period (can be zero, but does not have to be zero),

[0395] n=1 corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t),

[0396] n=2 corresponds to the first harmonic partial of the signal F(t),

[0397] ω=angular frequency, that is (2×π×f ROT ),

[0398] f ROT = tool rotation speed in cycles per second,

[0399] t = time,

[0400] Фn = the phase angle of the nth partial, and

[0401] |C n | = amplitude of the nth partial

[0402] From the Fourier series above, it can be concluded that the time signal can be considered as the superposition of multiple sinusoidal signals.

[0403] A harmonic is any frequency greater than the fundamental frequency of a signal.

[0404] In the above example, it should be noted that the fundamental frequency will be f ROT , i.e. the tool rotation speed, because the FFT 510 receives the marker signal value P(j)=1 only once per revolution of the tool 20 (see, for example, Figure 2 )hour.

[0405] Using the Fourier analysis model, the fundamental frequency and its overtones are collectively referred to as partials. Harmonics, or more precisely harmonic partials, are partials whose frequencies are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency (including the fundamental frequency, which is itself 1).

[0406] refer to Figure 15A 1 above, the FFT 510 can deliver n = L amplitude values ​​| C n (r)|, that is, |C L (r)|=Sp(r). FFT 510 can also transmit the phase angle of the partial tone (n=L), that is, ΦL(r)=FI(r).

[0407] Consider now an example where the tool has ten (10) tool edges 310 when the tool rotates at a speed of 10 revolutions per minute (rpm). A speed of 10 rpm means one rotation every 6 seconds, i.e., f ROT = 0.1667 rpm. With ten tool edges (i.e. L = 10) and f ROT = 0.1667 rpm. The tool is operated at a speed such that the repetition frequency f of the signal associated with the tool edge 310 is R is 1.667Hz, because the repetition frequency f R is the 10th order frequency. Position signals P(j), P(q) (see Figure 15A ) can be used as a reference signal for the digital measurement signals S(j) and S(r). According to some embodiments, when the FFT analyzer 510 is configured to receive the reference signal, i.e., the position signals P(j) and P(q), once per rotation of the rotating tool 20, the settings of the FFT analyzer should meet the following criteria:

[0408] The integer value Oi is set equal to L, the number of tool edges 310 in the tool 20, and

[0409] Select the variable that can be set. MAX and B n , so that the mathematical expression Oi×B n / O MAX In other words: when the integer value Oi is set equal to L, the variable O can be set MAX and B n should be set to an integer value so that the variable N R is a positive integer,

[0410] Among them, N R =Oi×B n / O MAX

[0411] O MAX is the maximum order; and

[0412] B n is the number of bins in the spectrum produced by the FFT, and

[0413] Oi and fundamental frequency (usually f ROT ) is the frequency of interest because it generally represents the frequency at which the equidistant tool edge 310 impacts the raw material 30. This frequency is expressed as an integer of order, and where f ROT is the frequency of order 1, i.e. the fundamental frequency.

[0414] In other words, the rotation speed f of the tool 20 ROT is the fundamental frequency, and L is the number of tool edges 310 in the tool 20 .

[0415] Using the above settings, the integer value Oi is set equal to 1, and referring to the above Figure 15A and Equation 1, FFT510 can transmit the amplitude value of n=L|C n |, that is, |C L |=Sp(r). The FFT 510 for a complete rotation or cycle can also transmit the phase angle of the partial tone (n=L), that is, Φ L =FI(r).

[0416] Therefore, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the FFT 510 receives the position reference signals P(j), P(q) once every time the rotary tool 20 rotates once, the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate a repetition frequency f R is the peak amplitude value of the signal of L-order frequency |C L |, where L is the number of equally spaced tool edges 310 in the rotary tool 20. In some of these embodiments, the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate peak amplitude values ​​for frequency bins corresponding to orders of multiples of L, up to 0 MAXIn some of these embodiments, the FFT analyzer may be configured to generate peak magnitude values ​​for frequency bins corresponding to each integer order value, up to 0. MAX .

[0417] Referring to the discussion above regarding Equation 1 in this disclosure, the repetition frequency f R The amplitude of the signal with the L-order frequency can be called |C n |, where n = L, i.e. C L . Refer to Equation 1 and Figure 15A , can transmit amplitude value C L |, as the peak amplitude value, in Figure 15A It is represented as Sp(r).

[0418] Referring again to Equation 1 above, in the present disclosure, the repetition frequency f may be transmitted R The phase angle value Φ of the signal with L-order frequency L , as a time indication value, which indicates the impact force F IMP The time duration T between the occurrence of and the occurrence of the rotation reference position of the rotating tool D1 .

[0419] Therefore, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, when the FFT 510 receives the position reference signals P(j), P(q) once every time the rotary tool 20 rotates once, the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate a repetition frequency f R The phase angle value Φ of the signal with L-order frequency L , where L is the number of equally spaced tool edges 310 in the rotating tool 20. Assuming that the raw material workpiece 30 contacts the tool 20 in the same manner in each cycle, a phase angle value Φ is generally expected to be L will remain essentially constant. In addition, with the fundamental frequency f ROT The relationship between the amplitude values ​​of the frequency intervals corresponding to the L-order frequency and frequencies above the L-order can indicate the wear tool state X of the tool 20. Generally, the most relevant order above L is L multiplied by an integer, such as 2L, 3L order.

[0420] Therefore, using the above settings, the integer value Oi is set equal to L, and referring to the above Figure 15A 1, the FFT 510 output can be used to determine the magnitude and phase of each frequency bin.

[0421] Combine Figure 1A refer to Figure 15A , tool wear state value Sp(r)=|C L | and FI(r)=Ф LThe displayed analysis results may be transmitted to a human machine interface (HCI) 210 for providing a visual indication of the analysis results. As described above, the displayed analysis results may include information indicating the tool wear state X of the shearing process for enabling an operator 230 to control a machine 10 including a tool 20 for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece 30.

[0422] It should be understood that the term "tool wear state value" is not limited to a value indicating an inherent characteristic of the tool 20 and its tool edge 310 during the process. For example, the phase angle FI(r)=φ indicating the point of impact between the tool 20 and the raw material workpiece 30 during operation L The value can also be used as a tool wear state value describing the tool wear state X.

[0423] Figure 15B is a block diagram illustrating an example of the state parameter extractor 450 . Figure 15B The exemplary state parameter extractor 450 in the embodiment includes a tool speed detector 500, a speed variation compensation extractor 470, a time synchronized averager 471TSA and a fast Fourier transformer 510FFT. The exemplary state parameter extractor 450 may be Figure 15A The state parameter extractor 450 described in

[15] is modified to include a time synchronized averager TSA 471. The TSA 471 is configured to receive a set of vibration signals S(q) and position signals P(q) output from the speed variation compensation extractor 470, collect data corresponding to a plurality of revolutions or cycles, and output an average value corresponding to the same position of the revolutions or cycles.

[0424] For example, if the speed variation compensation extractor 470 outputs one hundred signal groups per revolution, and the TSA 471 is configured to average over three revolutions, then the signal groups numbered 5, 105, and 205, for example, all represent the fifth position and will be averaged by the TSA 471 to include the average signal group P. TSA and S TSA The output of the average signal set P TSA and S TSA is typically an array of values ​​having the same number of elements as the number of outputs per revolution provided by the speed variation compensation decimator 470. For example, if the speed variation compensation decimator 470 outputs one hundred signals per revolution, then P TSA and S TSA Each may include 100 elements, wherein each element corresponds to a plurality of vibration signals S(q) and position signals P(q) output from the speed variation compensation decimator 470, indicating the same rotational position or position along the cyclic path.

[0425] The combination of the tool speed detector 500, the speed variation compensation extractor 470, and the time synchronized averager 471 allows the output of the TSA 471 to have vibration values ​​averaged over several revolutions, which reduces noise and allows the averaged vibration values ​​to represent the same position of the tool 20 even when a limited number of position signals occur per revolution. In some examples, the output average signal set P TSA and S TSA Sufficient information may be provided to the user to estimate the tool wear state X. In some examples, the FFT 510 may be omitted from the state parameter extractor 450 .

[0426] In some examples, the output P of TSA 471 TSA S TSA is provided to FFT 510.

[0427] In some examples, the output P of TSA 471 TSA S TSA is provided to the HCI 210 .

[0428] In some examples, the HCI 210 is arranged to set a number of revolutions or cycles that the TSA 471 is configured to average.

[0429] The current tool wear state X of the machine 10 including the tool 20 for shearing and / or forming the raw material workpiece 30 can be represented and visualized by one or more tool wear state values ​​so that the operator 230 observing the represented machine system 5 can intuitively understand the state of the process and determine whether instructions from the operator 230 are required.

[0430] Figure 16A and Figure 16B 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a visual indication of the analysis results of the state parameter extractor 450, which represents a vibration signal in the time domain when measured on a tool 20 having twelve tool edges, i.e., the number of tool edges L=12. According to one example, the visual indication of the analysis results from the TSA 471 can include providing a polar coordinate system 520. A polar coordinate system is a two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point on a plane is determined by a distance from a reference point and an angle from a reference direction 540. The reference point (similar to the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system) is called the pole, and the ray from the pole in the reference direction is the polar axis. The distance to the pole is called a radial coordinate, radial distance, or simply radius, and the angle is called an angular coordinate, polar angle, or azimuth.

[0431] According to the example using the output of TSA 471, the average vibration amplitude value S TSA as the radius, and using the average cycle position value P TSAIn some examples, the output value S(q)P(q) of the variation compensation extractor 470 may be used instead of the average value S TSA P TSA .like Figure 2 As shown in , the cycle position value P can be the angular difference between the rotational position of the tool 20 and the rotational position of the tool 20 when the position mark 180 is aligned with the position sensor 170. The cycle position value P for a repeating cycle can be more generally expressed as the ratio of 360 times the distance along the cycle path divided by the total cycle path distance. Figure 16A In the example, the amplitude of the vibration signal is mapped to perform one rotation of the tool 20, which corresponds to starting from 0 degrees in the reference direction 540 and rotating 360 degrees clockwise back to the reference direction 540. In this way, the tool wear state X of the monitored machine including the tool 20 for shearing and / or forming the raw material workpiece 30 can be shown as an amplitude pattern, where each impact of the tool edge 310 with the raw material workpiece 30 is represented by an amplitude feature in a circular sector corresponding to a set of cyclic position values ​​P of the tool 20.

[0432] exist Figure 16A and Figure 16B In , the number L of tool edges is twelve, and the amplitude features do not overlap significantly.

[0433] Figure 16A Based on measurement data of a new tool 20 having L = twelve relatively sharp tool edges.

[0434] Figure 16B Based on the measurement data of the corresponding wear tool 20. Figure 16A In the figure, the amplitude characteristics appear to be relatively uniform during each tool edge interaction with the raw material workpiece. Figure 16B , the amplitude signature appears to show that during the first portion of the amplitude signature, the forces are significantly higher relative to the rest of the interaction, indicating when the tool edge first interacts with the raw material workpiece. The ratio between the peak amplitude and the average amplitude of the amplitude signature can be used as a tool status value for presentation to a user and / or for automatically determining whether the tool edge 310 or tool 20 should be replaced.

[0435] Thus, one example relates to a tool edge monitoring system 150, 210S for generating and displaying information related to a shearing process in a machine 10 having a rotational speed f ROT The tool 20 rotates about an axis 60 for shearing the raw material 30. The exemplary monitoring system 150 includes:

[0436] A computer-implemented method for representing a tool wear state of a shearing process in a machine comprising a tool for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece 30 on a screen display 210S,

[0437] The method includes:

[0438] The screen display 210S displays:

[0439] Polar coordinate system 520, polar coordinate system 520 has

[0440] Reference point (O, 530), and

[0441] Reference directions (0°, 360°, 540); and

[0442] Relative to the reference direction (0°, 360°, 540) at a radius (S TSA , S(q)) and polar angle (P TSA , the vibration amplitude of P(q)) indicates the object,

[0443] Radius (S TSA , S(q)) indicates the amplitude of the vibration signal (S(i)) generated when the tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material (30), and

[0444] The polar angle (r) indicates the rotational position of the tool 20, such as the rotational position, or more generally, the position along a cyclic path.

[0445] In some examples, the tool edge monitoring system 150, 210S is used to generate and display information related to the shearing process in the machine 10 having a rotational speed f ROT The tool 20, rotating about an axis 60, for shearing the raw material 30, is arranged to obtain the output from the FFT 510 and present it on the screen display 210S:

[0446] A set of amplitude values ​​X1(r), X2(r), X3(r) in a corresponding set of frequency intervals. In some of these examples, a numerical relationship between at least two amplitude values ​​is further shown, wherein the numerical relationship is indicative of the tool wear state X. For example, with respect to the fundamental frequency f ROT 、L×f ROT and 2×L×f ROT The relationship between the amplitude values ​​of corresponding frequency intervals.

[0447] As described above, the state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to generate a continuous pair of tool wear state values ​​S TSA , S(q) and P TSA , P(q). The state parameter extractor 450 can also generate tool wear state values ​​S TSA , S(q and P TSA, P(q). This can be achieved, for example, by subtracting the most recent previous tool wear state value, or a derivative thereof, S(q-1), from the latest value S(q) divided by the time duration between the two values. Thus, derivative values ​​dSp(r) and dFI(r) can be generated. Derivative values ​​such as dS(q) can be used to indicate changes in the tool wear state of the tool 20.

[0448] Figure 17A and Figure 17B is a diagram of an example of a visual indication of the analysis results of the state parameter extractor 450 in the frequency domain related to the vibration signal. According to one example, the visual indication of the analysis results of the FFT 510 can include providing a vibration frequency amplitude versus frequency plot 560. The x-axis of the plot 560 is expressed in frequency and in units of Hz, however, the frequency is written as the rotational frequency f ROT L is equal to the number of equally spaced tool edges 310 of the tool 20, and for this example measurement data L=16. The magnitudes are only shown for orders that are multiples of L, however, by utilizing the technical features of the state parameter extractor 450, the magnitudes of other adjacent orders can be kept significantly smaller than multiples of L.

[0449] Figure 17A The FFT output for a measurement using a new sharp tool 20 is shown. Figure 17B ] represents the FFT output for a measurement using a worn tool 20. The Lth order frequency has more than twice the amplitude for the worn tool 20 compared to the new tool 20. By comparing subsequent order frequencies that are multiples of L, additional information can be obtained.

[0450] The state parameter extractor 450 uses the output of the TSA 471, the average vibration amplitude value S TSA and the average cycle position value P TSA The examples used as input to the FFT 510 may allow for more reliable FFT outputs that can be compared to more stringent standards and / or used more reliably in further calculations to obtain improved and / or new tool wear state values.

[0451] Example of a speed change state parameter extractor

[0452] As mentioned above, if the tool 20 is rotated at a variable speed f ROT The analysis of the measured data is more complicated if the tool is rotated. In fact, it seems that even very small changes in the rotation speed of the tool can have a significant negative impact on the quality of the detected signal as far as the tail is concerned. Therefore, the rotation speed f of the tool 20 is ROT Very precise detection of the velocity seems to be crucial, and precise compensation for any speed changes also seems to be crucial.

[0453] refer to Figure 15A , the tool speed detector 500 may transmit a signal f indicating when the rotational speed changes ROT (j), if combined Figure 9 As discussed. Again refer to Figure 15A , signals S(j) and P(j) and speed value f ROT (j) may be transmitted to a speed variation compensation decimator 470. The speed variation compensation decimator 470 may also be referred to as a fractional decimator. The decimator 470 is configured to calculate the fractional decimator based on the received speed value f. ROT (j) Extracting the digital measurement signal S MD According to an example, the decimator 470 is configured to decimate the digital measurement signal S by a variable decimation factor D. MD , based on the variable speed value f during the measurement session ROT (j) Adjusting the variable decimation factor D. Thus, the compensated decimator 470 is configured to generate a decimated digital vibration signal S MDR , so that when the rotation speed changes, the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating tool remains at a constant value, or remains at a substantially constant value. According to some embodiments, when the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating tool changes by less than 5%, the number of sample values ​​per revolution is considered to be a substantially constant value. According to a preferred embodiment, when the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating tool changes by less than 1%, the number of sample values ​​per revolution is considered to be a substantially constant value. According to a most preferred embodiment, when the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating tool changes by less than 0.2%, the number of sample values ​​per revolution is considered to be a substantially constant value.

[0454] therefore, Figure 15A The embodiment includes a fractional decimator 470 for decimating by a factor D=N / U D The sampling rate is decimated, where U D and N are both positive integers. Thus, the fractional decimator 470 advantageously implements a fractional decimation of the sampling rate. Thus, the speed variation compensation decimator 470 can operate to obtain the value of the sample rate by the fraction D=N / U. D To extract the signals S(j) and P(j) and f ROT (j). According to one embodiment, U D The values ​​of U and N can be selected in the range from 2 to 2000. According to one embodiment, U D The values ​​of U and N can be selected in the range from 500 to 1500. According to yet another embodiment, U Dand N can be chosen in the range from 900 to 1100. In this context, it should be noted that the context of the term "fraction" is as follows: a fraction (from the Latin fractus, "to break") represents a part of a whole, or more generally, any number of equal parts. In a positive common fraction, both the numerator and the denominator are natural numbers. The numerator represents a number of equal parts, and the denominator represents how many parts make up a unit or a whole. Common fractions are quantities that represent rational numbers. The same quantity can also be expressed as a decimal, a percentage, or a negative exponent. For example, 0.01, 1%, and 10-2 are all equal to the fraction 1 / 100. Therefore, the fraction D = N / U D can be thought of as an inverse fraction.

[0455] Therefore, the resulting signal S delivered by the fractional decimator 470 is MDR With sampling rate:

[0456] f SR =f S / D=f S ×U D / N

[0457] Among them, f S is the signal S received by the fractional decimator 470 RED The sampling rate.

[0458] Score value U D / N depends on the speed control signal received on the input port 490. The speed control signal may be indicative of the rotation speed f of the rotating tool 20. ROT signal.

[0459] The variable decimator value D of the decimator can be set to D=f S / f SR , where f S is the initial sampling rate of the A / D converter, and f SR is the digital vibration signal S that is extracted MDR For example, when there are twelve (12) tool edges in the tool to be monitored, the set point value f SR It can be set to 768 samples per revolution, that is, the number of samples per revolution is set to the extracted digital vibration signal S MDR f in SR The compensation extractor 470 is configured to extract the digital vibration signal S MDR The position signal P(q) is generated at regular intervals that depend on the set point value f SR For example, when f SRWhen set to 768 samples per revolution, the position signal P(q) can be transmitted once every 768 samples of the extracted vibration signal S(q).

[0460] Therefore, the sampling frequency f of the output data value R(q) SR (also known as f SR2 ) than the input sampling frequency f S =lower by a factor D. The factor D can be set to any number greater than 1 and can be a fraction, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. According to a preferred embodiment, the factor D can be set to a value between 1.0 and 20.0. In a preferred embodiment, the factor D is a fraction that can be set to a value between about 1.3 and about 3.0. The integer U can be D and N are set to appropriate values ​​to obtain the factor D. The factor D is equal to N divided by U D :

[0461] D=N / U D

[0462] According to one embodiment, the integer U D and N can be set to large integers so that the factor D = N / U D Able to follow speed changes with minimal error. Select variable U D Integers greater than 1000 facilitate high accuracy in adjusting the output sampling frequency to track changes in the rotational speed of the tool 20. Thus, for example, N is set to 500 and U is set to D If set to 1001, then D = 2.002.

[0463] The variable D is set to a suitable value at the start of the measurement and this value is associated with a certain rotational speed of the rotating component to be monitored. Thereafter, during the measurement session, the fractional value D is automatically adjusted in response to the rotational speed of the rotating component to be monitored so that the output signal S MDR Provides a substantially constant number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating tool.

[0464] Figure 18 An exemplary interaction between a tool edge and a stock material is shown.

[0465] Figure 19A 、 Figure 19B and Figure 19C Examples of different types of machines for shearing and / or forming workpieces of raw material are shown. Figure 19A A punching machine is depicted. Figure 19B Depicts a lathe. Figure 19B A machine is depicted which comprises a rotary saw as tool 20 for shearing and / or shaping a workpiece of raw material.

[0466] Figure 20 is a block diagram of an example of a compensated decimator 470. This example of a compensated decimator is designated 470B.

[0467] The compensation extractor 470B may include a memory 604 adapted to receive and store data values ​​S(j) and corresponding rotational speeds f of the monitored rotating tool. ROT Therefore, the memory 604 can store each data value S(j) so that it corresponds to the sensor signal S corresponding to the data value S(j). EA The rotation speed f of the tool being monitored ROT (j) is associated with the value. Refer to the above Figures 7 to 13 Describes the corresponding rotation speed value f ROT (j) Provision of the associated data value S(j).

[0468] The compensation decimator 470B receives a signal having a sampling frequency f SR1 The signal S MD , as a sequence of data values ​​S(j) and transmits at its output 590 a data signal with a reduced sampling frequency f SR The output signal S MDR , as a sequence of another data value R(q).

[0469] The compensation extractor 470B may include a memory 604 adapted to receive and store data values ​​S(j) and corresponding rotational speeds f of the monitored rotating tool. ROT The memory 604 may store the data values ​​S(j) in blocks such that each block is associated with a value indicative of the relative rotational speed of the tool being monitored, as shown below in conjunction with Figure 21 described.

[0470] The compensation extractor 470B may further include a compensation extraction variable generator 606 adapted to generate a compensation value D. The compensation value D may be a floating point number. Thus, in response to the received speed value f ROT , the compensation number can be controlled as a floating point value so that the floating point value indicates the speed value f with a certain inaccuracy ROT As mentioned above, when implemented by a suitably programmed DSP, the inaccuracy of floating point values ​​may depend on the DSP's ability to generate floating point values.

[0471] Furthermore, the compensation decimator 470B may further include an FIR filter 608. In this regard, the acronym FIR stands for Finite Impulse Response. The FIR filter 608 is a low-pass FIR filter having a certain low-pass cutoff frequency, adapted to be used with a factor D. MAX Extract. Factor D MAXIt can be set to a suitable value, for example, 20,000. In addition, the compensation decimator 470B may further include a filter parameter generator 610.

[0472] Reference below Figure 21 and FIG. 22 describe the operation of compensation extractor 470B.

[0473] Figure 21 It shows the operation Figure 20 Flowchart of an embodiment of a method of compensating decimator 470B.

[0474] In a first step S2000, the rotational speed f of the tool to be monitored is ROT is recorded in the memory 604 ( Figure 20 and Figure 21 ), and this can be done at substantially the same time as the start of the vibration measurement. According to another example, the rotational speed of the tool to be monitored is measured over a period of time. The maximum detection speed f ROTmax and minimum detection speed f ROTmin It can be recorded in, for example, the memory 604 ( Figure 20 and Figure 21 ).

[0475] In step S2010 , the recorded speed values ​​are analyzed in order to determine whether the rotation speed has changed.

[0476] In step S2020, the user interface 210, 210S displays the recorded speed value f ROT Or speed value f ROTmin 、f ROTmax , and asks the user to input the desired order value Oi. As mentioned above, the tool rotation frequency f ROT This is often referred to as "1st order". A signal of interest may occur ten times per revolution of the tool (10th order). In addition, analyzing the overtones of some signals may be of interest, so measuring signals up to 100th order, 500th order, or even higher order may be of interest. Thus, a user may input the order Oi using the user interface 210, 210S.

[0477] In step S2030, determine the appropriate output sampling rate f SR In the present disclosure, the output sampling rate f SR Can also be called f SR2 According to one embodiment, the output sampling rate f SR is set to f SR =C×Oi×f ROTmin ,

[0478] in,

[0479] C is a constant with a value greater than 2.0,

[0480] Oi is a quantity that indicates the relationship between the rotation speed of the tool being monitored and the repetition frequency of the signal to be analyzed.

[0481] f ROTmin is the minimum rotational speed of the monitored tool expected during the upcoming measurement session. According to one embodiment, as described above, the value f ROTmin is the lowest rotation speed detected in step S2020.

[0482] Considering the sampling theorem, the constant C may be selected to be 2.00 (two) or higher. According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the constant C may be preset to a value between 2.40 and 2.70.

[0483] According to one embodiment, the factor C is advantageously chosen such that 100×C / 2 represents an integer. According to one embodiment, the factor C can be set to 2.56. C is chosen to be 2.56 such that 100×C=256=2 raised to the eighth power.

[0484] In step S2050, the compensated extracted variable value D is determined. When the rotational speed of the monitored tool changes, the compensated extracted variable value D will change according to the instantaneously detected speed value.

[0485] According to one embodiment, the maximum compensation decimation variable value D MAX Set to D MAX =f ROTmax / f ROTmin The value of the minimum compensation extraction variable value D MIN is set to 1.0. After that, the actual speed value f ROT Perform instantaneous real-time measurements and set the instantaneous compensation value D accordingly.

[0486] f ROT is a value indicating the measured rotational speed of the rotating tool to be monitored.

[0487] In step S2060, the actual measurement is started and the desired total duration of the measurement can be determined. The total duration of the measurement can be determined based on the desired number of revolutions NR of the monitored tool.

[0488] When the measurement starts, the digital signal S MD is passed to the input 480 of the compensation decimator. In the following, the signal S is discussed in terms of a signal having sample values ​​S(j). MD , where j is an integer.

[0489] In step S2070, the data value S(j) is recorded in the memory 604, and each vibration data value S(j) is compared with the rotation speed value fROT (j) Associated.

[0490] In a subsequent step S2080, the recorded rotational speed values ​​are analyzed and the recorded data values ​​S(j) are divided into data blocks according to the rotational speed values. In this manner, multiple blocks of data value blocks S(j) are generated, each of which is associated with a rotational speed value. The rotational speed value indicates the rotational speed of the monitored tool at the time that particular block of data value S(j) was recorded. The individual data blocks can have different sizes, i.e., each data block can store a different number of data values ​​S(j).

[0491] For example, if the monitored rotating tool is first moved at a first speed f during a first time period ROT1 The rotation is then changed during a second shorter period of time to a second speed f ROT2 Rotation, the recorded data value S(j) can be divided into two data blocks, the first block of data values ​​and the first speed value f ROT1 and the second data block value is associated with the second speed value f ROT2 In this case, the second data block will contain fewer data values ​​than the first data block because the second time period is shorter.

[0492] According to one embodiment, when all recorded data values ​​S(j) have been divided into blocks, and all blocks have been associated with rotation speed values, the method proceeds to step S2090 .

[0493] In step S2090, the first block of data values ​​S(j) is selected and the corresponding rotation speed value f is determined. ROT The compensation decimation value D is associated with the first block data value S(j). According to one embodiment, when all blocks have been associated with corresponding compensation decimation values ​​D, the method proceeds to step S2100. Therefore, the value of the compensation decimation value D is determined according to the speed f. ROT Make adjustments.

[0494] In step S2100, a block of data values ​​S(j) and associated compensated decimated values ​​D are selected, as described above in step S2090.

[0495] In step S2110 , a block of output values ​​R is generated in response to the selected block of input values ​​S and the associated compensated decimated values ​​D. This may be done as described with reference to FIG.

[0496] In step S2120, it is checked whether there are any remaining input data values ​​to be processed. If there is another block of input data values ​​to be processed, step S2100 is repeated. If there are no remaining blocks of input data values ​​to be processed, the measurement session is completed.

[0497] Figure 22A 、 Figure 22B and Figure 22C Shows the operation Figure 20 Flowchart of an embodiment of a method of compensating decimator 470B.

[0498] In step S2200, an input data value block S(j) and an associated specific compensation decimation value D are received. According to one embodiment, the received data is as above Figure 21 The input data values ​​S(j) in the received input data value block S are all associated with a specific compensation decimation value D.

[0499] In steps S2210 to S2390, the FIR filter 608 (see Figure 20 ) is applied to the specific compensation decimation value D received in step S2200 and generates a set of corresponding output signal values ​​R(q). This will be described in more detail below.

[0500] In step S2210, a filter setting suitable for a specific compensation decimation value D is selected. Figure 20 As mentioned, the FIR filter 608 is a low-pass FIR filter having a filter size suitable for filtering with a factor D. MAX A low-pass cutoff frequency at which decimation is performed. Factor D MAX Can be set to a suitable value, for example, 20.

[0501] Filter ratio F R is set to depend on the factor D MAX and the value of the specific compensation decimation value D received in step S2200. Step S2210 may be performed by the filter parameter generator 610 ( Figure 20 ) to execute.

[0502] In step S2220, a starting position value x is selected in the received input data block s(j). It should be noted that the starting position value x does not have to be an integer. The FIR filter 608 has a length F LENGTH , and then according to the filter length F LENGTH and filter ratio F R To select the starting position value x. Filter ratio F R As set in step S2210 above. According to one embodiment, the starting position value x can be set to x:=F LENGTH / F R .

[0503] In step S2230, a filtered sum value SUM is prepared and set to an initial value, for example, SUM:=0.0.

[0504] In step S2240, a position j in the received input data that is adjacent to and preceding the position x is selected. The position j may be selected as an integer portion of x.

[0505] In step S2250, select the position F in the FIR filter pos , which corresponds to the selected position j in the received input data. Position F pos Can be a compensation amount. Relative to the middle position of the filter, the filter position F pos Can be identified as:

[0506] F pos =[(xj)×F R ]

[0507] Among them, F R is the filtering ratio.

[0508] In step S2260, the determined filter position value F is checked. pos Is it outside the allowed limit, i.e., pointing to a position outside the filter? If so, proceed to step S2300 below. Otherwise, proceed to step S2270.

[0509] In step S2270, the filter values ​​are calculated by interpolation. It should be noted that adjacent filter coefficient values ​​in an FIR low-pass filter usually have similar values. Therefore, interpolation will be advantageously accurate. First, the integer position value IF is calculated. pos :

[0510] IF pos :=F pos The integer part of

[0511] Position F pos The filter value F val will be:

[0512] F val =A(IF pos )+[A(IF pos +1)-A(IF pos )]×[F pos -IF pos ]

[0513] Among them, A(IF pos ) and A(IF pos +1) is the value in the reference filter, and the filter position F pos is the position between these values.

[0514] In step S2280, in response to the signal position j, an update of the filtered sum value SUM is calculated:

[0515] SUM:=SUM+F val ×S(j)

[0516] In step S2290, move to another signal position:

[0517] Set j:=j-1

[0518] Thereafter, go to step S2250.

[0519] In step 2300, a position j is selected in the received input data that is adjacent to and after position x. This position j can be selected as the integer part of x plus 1 (one), that is, j:=1+integer part of x.

[0520] In step S2310, a position corresponding to the selected position j in the received input data is selected in the FIR filter. Position F pos Can be a compensation amount. Relative to the middle position of the filter, the filter position F pos Can be identified as:

[0521] F pos =[(jx)×F R ]

[0522] Among them, F R is the filtering ratio.

[0523] In step S2320, the determined filter position value F is checked. pos Is it outside the allowed limit, i.e., pointing to a position outside the filter. If this happens, proceed to the following step S2360. Otherwise, proceed to step S2330.

[0524] In step S2330, the filter values ​​are calculated by interpolation. It should be noted that adjacent filter coefficient values ​​in an FIR low-pass filter usually have similar values. Therefore, interpolation will be advantageously accurate. First, the integer position value IF pos :

[0525] IF pos :=F pos The integer part of

[0526] Position F pos The filter value is:

[0527] F val (F pos )=A(IF pos )+[A(IF pos +1)-A(IF pos )]×[F pos -IF pos ]

[0528] Among them, A(IF pos ) and A(IF pos +1) is the value in the reference filter, and the filter position F pos is the position between these values.

[0529] In step S2340, in response to the signal position j, an update of the filtered sum value SUM is calculated:

[0530] SUM:=SUM+F val ×S(j)

[0531] In step S2350, move to another signal position:

[0532] Set j:=j+1

[0533] Thereafter, go to step S2310.

[0534] In step S2360, the output data value R(j) is transmitted. The output data value R(j) may be transmitted to the memory such that consecutive output data values ​​are stored in consecutive memory locations. The value of the output data value R(j) is:

[0535] R(j):=SUM

[0536] In step S2370, the position value x is updated:

[0537] x:=x+D

[0538] In step S2380, update the position value j

[0539] j:=j+1

[0540] In step S2390, it is checked whether the expected number of output data values ​​has been generated. If the expected number of output data values ​​has not been generated, then go to step S2230. If the expected number of output data values ​​has been generated, then go to step S2390. Figure 21 Step S2120 in the described method.

[0541] In practice, step S2390 is designed to ensure that an output signal value block R(q) corresponding to the input data value block S received in step S2200 is generated, and when the output signal value R corresponding to the input data value S has been generated, the step S2390 should be executed. Figure 21 Step S2120 in .

[0542] The method described with reference to FIG. 22 may be implemented as a computer program subroutine, and steps S2100 and S2110 may be implemented as a main program.

[0543] As shown in the present disclosure, the rotary tool 20 including the position mark 180 at each tool edge 310 can be used in conjunction with the state parameter extractor 450. Figure 15A , the arrangement of the rotating tool 20 having six evenly spaced tool edges 310 and six evenly spaced position marks 180 can be used to generate a mark signal P(i) that is transmitted to the tool speed value generator 500. Thus, during the rotation of the tool 20, the tool speed value generator 500 will receive a mark signal P(i) having a position indicator signal value every 360 / L degrees. Therefore, when the rotation speed f ROT When constant, the fast Fourier transformer 510 will receive a flag signal value P(j)=1 from the speed value generator 500 every 360 / L degrees during the rotation of the tool 20. Alternatively, when the rotation speed f ROT When changed, the Fast Fourier Transformer 510 will receive a marker signal value P(q)=1 from the decimator 470, 470B every 360 / L degrees during rotation of the tool 20. The decimators 470, 470B are arranged to output a signal set based on how far the tool 20 has travelled along the cyclic path.

[0544] Furthermore, when the speed value generator 500 receives a marker signal P(i) having a position indicating signal value (e.g., P(i)=1) every 360 / L degrees during the rotation of the tool 20, the speed value generator will be able to generate an even more accurate speed value f ROT (j).

[0545] As for the appropriate setting of the FFT 510 when a signal with a marker value P(j)=1 is received every 360 / L degrees during the rotation of the tool 20, this means that the fundamental frequency will be the repetition frequency f R .

[0546] As mentioned above about Figure 2 As described above, the vibration signal S EA 、S MD , S(j), S(q) will show signal characteristics S FIMP , indicating the impact of the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30, when there are L tool edges 310 in the tool 20 (see Equation 2 below) Figure 2 ), then the signal feature S FIMP This will be repeated L times for every revolution of the tool 20 .

[0547] Referring again to the Fourier series (see equation 2 below):

[0548] n=∞

[0549] F(t)=∑C n sin(nωt+Ф n ) (Equation 2)

[0550] n=0

[0551] in,

[0552] n=0, the average value of the signal during a time period (can be zero, but does not have to be zero),

[0553] n=1 corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t),

[0554] n=2 corresponds to the first harmonic partial of the signal F(t),

[0555] ω = angular frequency of interest, i.e. (2 × π × f R ),

[0556] f R = the frequency of interest, expressed in cycles per second,

[0557] t = time,

[0558] Φn = phase angle of the nth partial tone,

[0559] |C n | = amplitude of the nth partial

[0560] In this embodiment, it should be noted that when the FFT 510 receives a marker signal value P(j)=1 every 360 / L degrees during rotation of the tool 20 , the fundamental frequency will be one per tool edge 310 .

[0561] As mentioned above, the setting of FFT 510 should take into account the reference signal. As mentioned above, the position signals P(j), P(q) (see Figure 15A ) can be used as a reference signal for the digital measurement signals S(j) and S(q).

[0562] According to some embodiments, when the FFT analyzer is configured to receive reference signals, i.e., position signals P(j), P(q), every 360 / L degrees during the rotation of the tool 20, and L is the number of tool edges 310 in the tool 20, then the settings of the FFT analyzer should meet the following criteria:

[0563] The integer value Oi is set to one, i.e. equal to 1, and

[0564] Select the variable that can be set. MAX and B n , so that the mathematical expression Oi×B n / O MAX In other words: when the integer value Oi is set equal to 1, the variable O can be set MAX and B n should be set to an integer value so that the variable NR is a positive integer,

[0565] Among them, N R =Oi×B n / O MAX

[0566] Using the above settings, the integer value Oi is set equal to 1, and referring to the above Figure 15A and Equation 2, FFT510 can transmit the amplitude value of n=1 |C n |, i.e., |C1|=Sp(r). FFT 510 can also transmit the phase angle of the fundamental frequency (n=1), i.e., Φ1=FI(r).

[0567] Combine Figure 1A and the above equation 2 reference Figure 15A , the tool wear state values ​​Sp(r)=|C1| and FI(r)=Φ1 can be transmitted to the human-machine interface (HCI) 210 for providing a visual indication of the analysis results. As described above, the displayed analysis results may include information indicating the tool wear state of the shearing process, which is used to enable the operator 230 to control a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece. The displayed analysis results may include information indicating the tool wear state, which enables the operator 230 to determine whether the tool 20 or a part thereof needs to be replaced.

[0568] Referring to Figure 16, an example illustration of a visual indication of the analysis results is valid for the setting of the rotating tool 20, whereby the FFT 510 will receive marker signals P(i), P(j), P(q) having position indication signal values ​​every 360 / L degrees, where L is the number of tool cutting edges 310 in the tool 20.

[0569] While the above discussion of the configuration of the FFT 510 involves Fourier series and Equations 1 and 2 for the purpose of conveying an intuitive understanding of the context of the configuration of the FFT transformer 510, it should be noted that the use of digital signal processing may involve a discrete Fourier transform (see Equation 3 below):

[0570] Equation 3:

[0571]

[0572] Thus, according to embodiments of the present disclosure, the aforementioned discrete Fourier transformer (DFT) may be included in signal processing for generating data indicative of a tool wear state of a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece, such as discussed in connection with embodiments of the state parameter extractor 450. In this regard, reference is made to e.g. Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5, Figure 15 and / or Figure 24. In view of the above discussion of the subject of FFT and Fourier series, the Discrete Fourier Transform will not be discussed in further detail as it is very familiar to technical readers of this disclosure.

[0573] although Figure 2 It is shown that a plurality of position marks 180 can be provided on the outer surface of the tool 20, each mark 180 causing the position sensor 170 to generate a rotation mark signal value P S , but it should be noted that such position signals may also be generated by an encoder 170 that is mechanically coupled to the rotating tool 20. Thus, the position sensor 170 may be implemented by an encoder 170 that is mechanically coupled to the rotating tool 20 such that the encoder generates, for example, a marking signal P at each tool edge 310 in the rotating tool 20 during rotation of the tool 20. S .

[0574] In summary, with respect to the FFT 510 and the appropriate settings of Equations 1 and 2 above, it should be noted that the phase angle of the nth partial tone (ie, Φ n ) can indicate the relative position of the raw material workpiece 30. In particular, the phase angle of the nth partial tone (ie, Φ n ) can indicate the position of the raw material workpiece 30, expressed as a fraction of the distance between two adjacent tool edges 310 in the rotating tool 20. Typically, during normal operating conditions of many processes, the position of the raw material workpiece 30 relative to the tool 20 during one cycle is substantially the same in each cycle, so the phase angle remains substantially constant. Referring to Table 6 above and Figure 2 , the total distance between two adjacent tool edges can be considered to be 360 ​​degrees, and the phase angle value of the nth partial tone (i.e., Φn) divided by 360 degrees can indicate a percentage of the total distance between two adjacent tool edges. This can be seen, for example, by comparing column #2 in Table 5 and Table 6 above. As mentioned above, Φ n = the phase angle of the nth partial tone, and |C n = amplitude of the nth partial tone. As discussed above, taking into account the number L of tool edges 310 in the rotary tool 20 and the number of reference signals generated and the resulting order Oi of the signal of interest, the FFT 510 can be configured to transmit the phase angle Φn of the nth partial tone and the amplitude |C of the nth partial tone. n |, so that the phase angle of the nth partial tone (ie Ф n ) may indicate the relative position of the raw material workpiece 30. In addition, as described above, the FFT 510 may be configured such that the variable N R is a positive integer, where

[0575] N R =Oi×B n / OMAX

[0576] And among them,

[0577] O MAX is of maximum order, having integer value; and

[0578] B n is the number of bins in the spectrum produced by the FFT, and

[0579] Oi is the number L of tool edges 310 in the tool 20 being monitored.

[0580] Figure 26 A schematic top view of yet another embodiment of a system 730 including a machine 10 is shown. Another exemplary machine 10 is the machine 10. The machine 10 includes a tool 20 for shearing a raw material. Figure 26 The machine including tools for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece system 730 may include parts and may be configured as described in any other embodiment described in the present disclosure, such as with respect to FIG. 1 to FIG. 25 and / or with respect to FIG. Figure 31 described. In particular, Figure 26 The device 150 shown in FIG. 1 may be implemented in accordance with any other embodiment described in the present disclosure (e.g., with respect to FIG. 1 through FIG. 23 and / or with respect to FIG. 24 ). Figure 31 as described).

[0581] However, in Figure 26 In the embodiment of the system 730 shown in FIG, the device 150 includes a monitoring module 150A and a control module 150B. Although the device 150 is illustrated as two blocks, it should be understood that the device 150 can be provided as a single entity 150, including the monitoring module 150A and the control module 150B, as shown by the unified reference 150.

[0582] The system 730 is configured to control the state of the output material from the machine 10, which has a rotational speed f ROT The tool 20 , which rotates about an axis 60 , is used to shear a workpiece 30 of raw material.

[0583] The tool 20 may have a tool edge attachment device 22 including a first number L of tool edges 310 configured to engage material as the tool 20 rotates about the axis 60. The system 730 may include devices 170, 180 for generating a position signal. The devices 170, 180 may include a position sensor 170 and a marker 180, as described elsewhere in this disclosure. The position signal is E P, P(i), P(j), P(q), indicating the rotational position of the rotating tool 20, the position signal includes a time series of position signal sample values ​​P(i), P(j), P(q).

[0584] Set sensor 70, 70 SUP , 70 TOOL , 330, and is configured to generate a mechanical vibration V according to the rotation of the tool IMP Generate vibration signal S EA 、S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q). Vibration signal S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q) may include a time series of vibration sample values ​​Se(i), S(j), S(q).

[0585] The device 150 of the system 730 may include a monitoring module 150A and a control module 150B. The monitoring module 150A includes a state parameter extractor 450, 4501, 4502, 450C, which is configured to detect a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value in a time series of position signal sample values ​​P(i), P(j), P(q) (see Tables 2, 3, and 4 above, where column #2 shows a position signal with a value of 1; 1C).

[0586] The state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to detect a second occurrence of the second reference position signal value 1; 1C; 100% in the time series of the position signal sample values ​​P(i), P(j), P(q). The state parameter extractor 450 may also be configured to detect an event signature S in the time series of the vibration sample values ​​Se(i), S(j), S(q). P (r); the occurrence of Sp. This event may be caused by the tool edge 310 impacting the raw material workpiece 30, resulting in impact vibration, which may result in a vibration signal signature (vibration signal signature), as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. The state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to generate a first tool wear state value R indicating between T (r); T D ; FI(r), X1(r) data:

[0587] Event signatures occur, and

[0588] The first time it happened and the second time it happened.

[0589] As described above, the system 730 includes a control module 150B configured to receive data indicative of a tool wear state of the machine 10 from the machine monitoring modules 150, 150A. The data indicative of a tool wear state may include any information generated or transmitted by the state parameter extractor 450, as described herein with respect to FIG. Figure 31 Any of the ones described in . Figure 26 The control module 150B includes a regulator 755 for controlling the output material state Y (combined with Figure 2 See also Figure 26 ):

[0590] A set of tool wear condition limit values ​​X LIMIT ,as well as

[0591] Determined tool wear state value R T (r); T D ;FI(r);X1(r), X2(r), X3(r).

[0592] The regulator 755 may be configured to control the raw material feed rate set point R according to the difference between the determined tool wear state value and a set of tool wear state limit values. SSP . Combined Figure 1A The raw material feed rate R S Depends on the raw material feed rate set point R SSP (See Figure 26 ). If combined with Figure 1A As mentioned above, the raw material feed rate R S is the amount of raw material 30 fed into the machine 10 per unit time for shearing and / or forming by the tool 20. In some examples, the raw material feed rate setpoint R SSP is provided to a device for feeding raw material 280 configured to direct the raw material to the tool 20. In some examples, the device for feeding raw material 280 is included in the machine 10. In some examples, the raw material feed rate set point R SSP is provided to the machine 10.

[0593] The regulator can also be configured to control the tool rotation speed set point f ROT_SP In some examples, tool speed can be set separately for different portions of a repeating cycle. For example, one tool wear state for a particular tool 20 may benefit from a first speed change for a first type of engagement between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30, and a second speed change for a second type of engagement occurring during the same cycle. The regulator can also be configured to control a torque setpoint or a force setpoint for the engagement between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30.

[0594] The event signature may indicate the impact force F generated when the tool edge 310 of the rotating tool 20 interacts with the raw material workpiece 30. IMP .

[0595] The state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to generate a first tool wear state value R T (r); T D ; FI(r); X1(r), as the phase angle FI(r).

[0596] First tool wear state value R T (r); T D ; FI(r); X1(r) represents the impact of the tool edge 301 on the raw material workpiece 30. The first tool wear state value R T (r); T D ; FI(r); X1(r) may indicate the ratio of the distance between two adjacent tool edges 310 in the tool.

[0597] Alternatively, the tool wear state value X1 ( r ) may indicate a relative position of the raw material workpiece 30 , ie a position of the raw material workpiece 30 relative to two predetermined stator positions spaced apart from each other in a manner corresponding to the positions of two adjacent tool edges 310 .

[0598] The state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to generate an event signature as the magnitude value S P (r); Sp; | C L (r)|;|C1(r)|;X2(r).

[0599] The state parameter extractor 450 may include a Fourier transformer 510 (see Figure 15A ), configured to generate a first tool wear state value R T (r); T D ;FI(r);X1(r).

[0600] As discussed in conjunction with Table 5, the state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to calculate the total number of samples N from the first occurrence to the second occurrence. B Furthermore, the state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to count another number N of samples from the first occurrence to the event occurrence. P The count is performed, and the state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to generate a first tool wear state value R based on another number and the total. T (r); T D ;FI(r)X1(r).

[0601] The state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to extract the total number of samples N from the first occurrence to the second occurrence. BCounting is performed, and the state parameter extractor 450 can be configured to count another number of samples N from the first occurrence to the occurrence of the event P Furthermore, the state parameter extractor 450 may be configured to generate a first tool wear state value R based on a relationship between another number and the total number. T (r); T D ; FI(r), wherein the relationship between another quantity and the total number can indicate that the tool edge 310 engages the raw material workpiece 30.

[0602] The regulator 755 may be configured to include a proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller). Alternatively, the regulator 755 may be configured to include a proportional-integral controller (PI controller). Alternatively, the regulator 755 may be configured to include a proportional controller (P controller).

[0603] Alternatively, the regulator 755 can be configured to include a Kalman filter, also known as a linear quadratic estimator (LQE). A Kalman filter is an algorithm that uses a series of measurements observed over time, including statistical noise and other inaccuracies, to estimate the unknown variables by estimating the joint probability distribution of the variables within each time frame, which estimate is often more accurate than an estimate based on a single measurement alone.

[0604] Figure 27 A schematic block diagram of a distributed process monitoring system 770 is shown. Reference numeral 780 relates to a client location having a machine 10 with a rotatable tool 20, as discussed above with respect to the previous figures in this document. Client location 780, which may also be referred to as client part or machine location 780, may be, for example, a forestry company's site or a wood processing plant's site.

[0605] The distributed process monitoring system 770 is operable when a sensor 70 or several sensors 70 are attached to or at a measuring point associated with the tool 20. As described above, such a measuring point may be located at the bearings 40, 50 (see FIG. Figure 26 and Figure 27 ) or measurement point location.

[0606] Measurement signal S EA 、S EA_SUP 、S EA_TOOL and E P (See, for example, Figure 1, Figure 27 、 Figure 26 25) can be coupled to an input port of the machine position communication device 790. S related to the vibration signal from the support EA_SUP and S related to the vibration signal from the tool 20EA_TOOL The machine position communication device 790 may include a device for measuring the signal S EA 、S EA_SUP 、S EA_TOOL and E P The A / D converter 975 may operate as disclosed elsewhere in this document with respect to the A / D converter 330, for example, in combination with Figure 3 and Figure 5 The machine position communication device 790 has a communication port 800 for bidirectional data exchange. The communication port 800 can be connected to a communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820, for implementing a communication corresponding to the measurement signal S EA 、S EA_SUP 、S EA_TOOL and E P The communication network 810 may be the World Wide Web, also known as the Internet. The communication network 810 may also include a public switched telephone network.

[0607] Server computer 830 is connected to communication network 810. Server 830 may include a database 840, a user input / output interface 850, data processing hardware 852, and a communication port 855. Server computer 830 is located at server location 860, which is geographically separated from machine location 780. Server location 860 may be in a first city, such as Stockholm, Sweden, while machine location 780 may be in a rural area near the machine and / or in another country, such as Norway, Australia, or the United States. Alternatively, server location 860 may be in a first part of a country, while machine location 780 may be in another part of the same country. Server location 860 may also be referred to as supplier component 860 or supplier location 860.

[0608] According to one example, a central control location 870 includes a monitoring computer 880 with data processing hardware and software for monitoring and / or controlling the tool wear status of a machine 10 at a remote machine location 780. The monitoring computer 880 may also be referred to as a control computer 880. The control computer 880 may include a database 890, a user input / output interface 900, data processing hardware 910, and communication ports 920, 920A, or several communication ports 920, 920A, 920B. The central control location 870 may be geographically separated from the machine location 780. The central control location 870 may be located in a first city, such as Stockholm, Sweden, while the machine location 780 may be located in a rural area near the machine and / or in another country, such as Norway, Australia, or the United States. Alternatively, the central control location 870 may be located in a first part of a country, while the machine location 780 may be located in another part of the same country. The control computer 880 may be coupled to communicate with the machine location communication device 790 via the communication ports 920, 920A. Thus, the control computer 880 can receive the measurement signal S from the machine position communication device 790 via the communication network 810. EA 、S EA_SUP 、S EA_TOOL and E P (See, for example, Figure 1, Figure 27 、 Figure 26 , Figure 25).

[0609] The system 770 may be configured to receive the measurement signal S in real time or substantially real time. EA 、S EA_SUP 、S EA_TOOL and E P , or can monitor and / or control the machine 10 in real time from the location 870. In addition, the control computer 880 may include a monitoring module 150, 150A as disclosed in any example of this document, for example, as described in conjunction with the above Figures 1 to 2 Figure 26 Any one disclosed.

[0610] The supplier company may occupy the server location 860. The supplier company may sell and deliver the devices 150 and / or monitoring modules 150A and / or software for such devices 150 and / or monitoring modules 150A. Thus, the supplier company may sell and deliver software for the control computer 880 at the central control location 870. Such software 370, 390, 400 may be combined, for example, with Figure 4Such software 370, 390, 400 may be delivered by transmission over a communications network 810. Alternatively, such software 370, 390, 400 may be delivered as a computer-readable medium 360 for storing program code. Thus, a computer program 370, 390, 400 may be provided as an article of manufacture comprising a computer storage medium having encoded therein a computer program.

[0611] According to an exemplary embodiment of the system 770, the monitoring computer 880 may substantially continuously receive the measurement signal S from the machine position communication device 790, for example, via the communication network 810. EA 、S EA_SUP 、S EA_TOOL and E P (See, for example, Figure 1, Figure 27 、 Figure 26 25 ) to enable continuous or substantially continuous monitoring of the tool wear status of the machine 10. The user input / output interface 900 at the central control location 870 may include a screen 900S for displaying images and data, as discussed in conjunction with the HCI 210 elsewhere in this document. Thus, the user input / output interface 900 may include a display or screen 900S, 210S for providing a visual indication of the analysis results. The displayed analysis results may include information indicating the tool wear status of the shearing process, which may be used to enable the operator 930 at the central control location 870 to control the machine 10.

[0612] In addition, the monitoring computer 880 at the central control location 870 can be configured to transmit information indicating the wear status of the tool of the shearing process to the HCI 210 via the communication ports 920, 920B and via the communication network 810. In this way, the monitoring computer 880 at the central control location 870 can be configured to enable the operator 230 at the client location 780 to control the machine, which includes the tool for shearing and / or forming the raw material workpiece. The local operator 230 at the client location 780 can be placed in the control room 220 (see Figure 1A and / or Figure 27 Thus, the client location 780, 220 may include a second machine location communication device 790B. The second machine location communication device 790B has a communication port 800B for bidirectional data exchange, and the communication port 800B may be connected to the communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820B.

[0613] Although two location communication devices 790, 790B have been described for clarity, alternatively, a single machine location communication device 790, 790B and / or a single communication port 800, 800B may be provided for bidirectional data exchange. Thus, items 790 and 790B may be integrated into a single unit at machine location 780, and similarly, items 820 and 820B may be integrated into a single unit at machine location 780.

[0614] Figure 28 Shown is a schematic block diagram of yet another embodiment of a distributed process monitoring system 940. Reference numeral 780 relates to a client location having a machine 10 with a rotatable tool 20 as discussed above with respect to the previous figures in this document. Figure 28 The distributed process monitoring system 940 may include components and be configured as described in any other embodiment described in the present disclosure, for example, with respect to FIG. Figure 31 Specifically, Figure 28 The monitoring device 150 shown in FIG. 1 , also referred to as monitoring module 150A, may be configured as described in any other embodiment described in the present disclosure, for example, with respect to FIG. Figure 31 Specifically, Figure 28 The process monitoring system 940 shown in FIG. 1 may be configured to include a monitoring module 150A, such as in conjunction with Figure 27 disclosed, but located in a central control location 870.

[0615] In addition, Figure 28 In the process monitoring system 940 shown in FIG, the machine location 780 includes the control module 150B, as described above in conjunction with Figure 26 described.

[0616] Thus, the tool wear status of the machine 10 can be automatically controlled by the control module 150B located at or near the machine location 780, and the monitoring computer 880 at the central control location 870 can be configured to transmit information indicating the tool wear status of the shearing process to the HCI 900, 900S so that the operator 930 at the central control location 870 can monitor the tool wear status of the machine 10.

[0617] Measurement signal S EA 、S EA_SUP 、S EA_TOOL and E P (See, for example, Figure 1, Figure 27 、 Figure 26 25) can be coupled to an input port of the machine position communication device 790. The machine position communication device 790 may include a device for measuring the signal S EA 、S EA_SUP、S EA_TOOL and E P The A / D converter 975 may operate as disclosed elsewhere in this document with respect to the A / D converter 330, for example, in combination with Figure 3 and Figure 5 The machine position communication device 790 has a communication port 800 for bidirectional data exchange. The communication port 800 can be connected to a communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820. The communication port 800 can be connected to a communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820, for implementing a communication corresponding to the measurement signal S EA 、S EA_SUP 、S EA_TOOL and E P transmission of digital data.

[0618] Furthermore, the client location 780 may include a second machine location communication device 790B. The second machine location communication device 790B has a communication port 800B for bidirectional data exchange, and the communication port 800B may be connected to a communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820B, to enable the control module 150B to receive data indicating the wear status of the tool of the machine 10.

[0619] like Figure 28 As shown, data indicative of the wear status of the tools of the machine 10 may be generated by the monitoring module 150A located at the central location 870 .

[0620] Although for the sake of clarity, Figure 28 Two location communication devices 790, 790B are depicted, but alternatively, a single machine location communication device 790, 790B and / or a single communication port 800, 800B may be provided for bidirectional data exchange. Thus, items 790 and 790B may be integrated into a single unit at machine location 780, and similarly, items 820 and 820B may be integrated into a single unit at machine location 780.

[0621] like Figure 28 As shown in EA_SUP and S EA_TOOL Determined tool wear state value X1 SUP X1 TOOL can be transmitted back to the control module 150B at the client location 780 and compared with the tool wear state limit value X1 LIMIT_SUP 、X1 LIMIT_TOOL The control module may send a setpoint to the machine 10 based on the comparison.

[0622] Figure 29There is shown a schematic block diagram of yet another embodiment of a distributed process control system 950. Again, reference numeral 780 relates to a client location having a machine 10 with a rotatable tool 20 as discussed above with respect to the previous figures in this document. Figure 29 The distributed process monitoring system 950 may include components and be configured as described in any other embodiment described in the present disclosure, for example, with respect to FIG. Figure 31 Specifically, Figure 28 and Figure 29 The monitoring device 150 shown in FIG. 1 , also referred to as monitoring module 150A, may be configured as described in any other embodiment described in the present disclosure, for example, as described with respect to FIG. Figure 31 In addition, Figure 29 The process monitoring system 950 shown in FIG. 1 may be configured to include the above-described combined Figure 26 The control module 150B described and as combined Figure 27 A monitoring module 150A is disclosed.

[0623] exist Figure 29 In the example of FIG, monitoring module 150A and control module 150B are disposed at control location 870. Control location 870 may be remote from machine location 780. Data communication between control location 870 and machine location 780 may be provided via data ports 820 and 920 and communication network 810, as discussed above in conjunction with the previous figures.

[0624] Figure 31 FIG. 4 is another example block diagram of a state parameter extractor 450 (referred to as state parameter extractor 450C). As discussed below, state parameter extractor 450C may include a vibration event signature detector, a position signal value detector, and a relationship generator. As discussed below, the vibration event signature detector may be implemented by a peak detector.

[0625] According to various aspects of the solution disclosed in this document, reference position signal values ​​Ep, I, 1C are generated at L predetermined rotational positions of the rotatable tool 20, the L predetermined rotational positions following a pattern reflecting the angular positions of L tool edges 310 in the tool 20. Providing such reference position signal values ​​Ep, I, 1C, and providing vibration event signature detection in the manner disclosed herein, it is possible to generate data indicative of the tool edges 310 engaging the raw material workpiece 30 in an advantageously accurate manner.

[0626] While the example has been given of the tool cutting edges 310 being positioned in an equidistant pattern (i.e., evenly distributed in the tool 20), the solution can also be used for other angular position patterns of the L tool cutting edges 310 in the tool 20. When using other angular position patterns of the L tool cutting edges 310 in the tool, it is important that the reference position signal values ​​Ep, I, 1C are generated at L predetermined rotational positions of the rotatable tool 20, the L predetermined rotational positions following a pattern that reflects the angular positions of the L tool cutting edges 310 in the tool 20.

[0627] refer to Figure 5 , the A / D converter 330 may be configured to transmit a sequence of paired vibration measurement values ​​S(i) associated with corresponding position signal values ​​P(i) to the state parameter extractor 450 .

[0628] Figure 31 The state parameter extractor 450C is adapted to receive a sequence of measurement values ​​S(i) and a sequence of position signals P(i) as well as a time relationship between them.

[0629] Thus, a single measurement value S(i) is associated with a corresponding position value P(i). Such a signal pair S(i) and P(i) is transferred to the memory 970. Figure 31 , the state parameter extractor 450C includes a memory 970.

[0630] Memory 970 can receive data in the form of signal pairs S(i) and P(i) to analyze the temporal relationship between events in the received signals. Columns 2 and 3 in Table 3 provide an example of data collected in memory 970 when position signals 1, 1C are provided six times per revolution during one full rotation of the tool, since there are L = 6 tool edges 310 in tool 20. Tables 4 and 5 provide more detailed information on the example signal values ​​for the first 1280 time slots in Table 3.

[0631] The position signals 1 and 1C may be generated by a physical marking device 180, and / or some position signals 1C may be virtual position signals. The time series of position signal sample values ​​P(i), P(j), and P(q) should be provided in a pattern that reflects the angular position of the tool edge 310 in the tool 20.

[0632] For example, when tool 20 has six (L = 6) equally spaced tool edges 310, the angular distance between any two adjacent tool edges 310 is 60 degrees. This is because 360 ​​degrees constitutes one complete revolution, and when L = 6, the angular distance between any two adjacent tool edges is 360 / L = 360 / 6 = 60. Therefore, as shown in Table 3, the corresponding time series of position signal sample values ​​P(i) representing one complete revolution of tool 20 should include six (L = 6) position signal values ​​1, 1C having corresponding occurrence patterns.

[0633] The state parameter extractor 450C also includes a position signal value detector 980 and a vibration event signature detector 990. The vibration event signature detector 990 may be configured to detect vibration signal events, such as amplitude peaks in the sequence of received measurement values ​​S(i).

[0634] The output of position signal value detector 980 is coupled to start / stop input 995 of reference signal time counter 1010 and start input 1015 of event signature time counter 1020. The output of position signal value detector 980 can also be coupled to start / stop input 1023 of vibration event signature detector 990 to indicate the start and stop of the duration to be analyzed. Detector 990 sends a signal at its output when position signal value 1, 1C is detected.

[0635] The vibration event signature detector 990 is configured to analyze all sample values ​​S(i) between two consecutive position signal values ​​1, 1C to detect the highest peak amplitude value Sp therein. The vibration event signature detector 990 has a first output 1021 coupled to a stop input 1025 of an event signature time counter 1020.

[0636] The reference signal time counter 1010 is configured to count the duration between two consecutive position signal values ​​1, 1C, thereby generating a first reference duration value T at the output 1030. REF1 To achieve this, for example, the reference signal time counter 1010 is a clock timer that counts the length of time between two consecutive position signal values ​​1, 1C. The first reference duration value T REF1 The time duration between the static position signal P4 and the static position signal P5 can be indicated in this way. Alternatively, the reference signal time counter 1010 can count the number of time slots between two consecutive position signal values ​​1, 1C (see column #01 in Table 3).

[0637] The event signature time counter 1020 is configured to count the duration from the occurrence of the position signal value 1, 1C to the occurrence of a vibration signal event (such as an amplitude peak). This can be achieved by:

[0638] -When the start input terminal 1015 receives the information that the position signal value detector 980 detects the occurrence of the position signal value 1, 1C, the event signature time counter 1020 starts counting.

[0639] - When the stop input 1025 receives information that the vibration event signature detector 990 has detected a vibration signal event (eg, an amplitude peak) in the sequence of received measurement values ​​S(i), the event signature time counter 1020 stops counting.

[0640] In this manner, the event signature time counter 1020 can be configured to count the time duration from the occurrence of the position signal value 1, 1C to the occurrence of the amplitude peak. The time duration from the occurrence of the position signal value 1, 1C to the occurrence of the amplitude peak is referred to herein as the second reference duration value T REF2 The second reference duration value T REF2 It can be transmitted on the output terminal 1040. The second reference duration value T REF2 In this way the time duration between the occurrence of the static position signal P4 and the occurrence of the amplitude peak can be indicated.

[0641] refer to Figure 31 , the output terminal 1040 is coupled to the input terminal of the relationship generator 1050 so as to convert the second reference duration value T REF2 is provided to the relationship generator 1050. The relationship generator 1050 also has an input terminal coupled to receive the first reference duration value T from the output terminal 1030 of the reference signal time counter 1010. REF1 The relationship generator 1050 is configured to generate a second reference duration value T based on the received REF2 and the received first reference duration value T REF1 To generate the tool wear state value X1. The tool wear state value X1 can also be called R T (r); T D ; FI(r). The tool 20 may generate L tool wear status values ​​X1 per one rotation. Furthermore, the L tool wear status values ​​X1 generated per one rotation of the tool may be averaged to generate one tool wear status value X1(r) per one rotation of the tool 20. In this manner, the status parameter extractor 450C may be configured to transmit an updated tool wear status value X1(r) per one rotation.

[0642] For the sake of clarity, an example of a tool wear state value X1 is generated in the following way: Figure 31 Refer to column #03 in Table 4: The vibration sample values ​​S(i) are analyzed by the vibration event signature detector 990 to detect the vibration signal signature S FIMP .

[0643] Vibration signal signature S FIMPIt can be expressed as a peak amplitude sample value Sp. Referring to Table 5, the peak analysis results in the detection of the highest vibration sample amplitude value S(i). In the illustrated example, the vibration sample amplitude value S(i=760) is detected as holding the highest peak value Sp.

[0644] X1 is established after the peak Sp is detected in time slot 760. In Table 5, in the time series of position signal sample values ​​P(i), time slots carrying position signal values ​​1 and 1C are represented as 0% and 100%, respectively.

[0645] As shown in the example of column #02 of Table 5, the time position of slot number i=760 is 59% of the time distance between slot i=0 and slot i=1280. In other words, 760 / 1280=0.59=59%.

[0646] Therefore, the position of the raw material workpiece 30 (expressed as a percentage of the distance between two adjacent tool edges 310) can be obtained as follows:

[0647] Counting from the first reference signal occurring in sample number N0=0 to sample number N B = the total number of samples of the second reference signal occurring in 1280 (N B -N0=N B -0=N B =1280), and

[0648] Counting from the first reference signal occurring in sample number N0=0 to sample number N P Another number of samples (N) of peak amplitude values ​​Sp that occur in P -N0=N P -0=N P ),as well as

[0649] Based on another number N P and the total number N B To generate the first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)). This can be summarized as:

[0650] R T (r)=R T (760)=(N P -N0) / (N B -N0)=(760-0) / (1280-0)=0.59=59%

[0651] The relationship generator 1050 may generate updates of the tool wear state value X1 , with a transmission frequency depending on the rotation speed of the tool 20 .

[0652] As described above, the state parameter extractor 450C can be configured to transmit an updated tool wear state value X1(r) once per revolution. In this manner, the transmitted updated tool wear state value X1(r) can be based on the L value generated during one revolution. The most recent update number r of the first tool wear state value X1(r) can be transmitted on the first state parameter extractor output 1060. In some examples, the first tool wear state value X1 is generated based on the vibration signal and the position signal measured over multiple revolutions.

[0653] refer to Figure 31 , the vibration event signature detector 990 can be configured to detect peak amplitude sample values ​​Sp. The vibration event signature detector 990 has an output 1070 for transmitting the detected vibration signal amplitude peak value Sp. The detected vibration signal amplitude peak value Sp can be transmitted from the output 1070 of the vibration signal peak amplitude detector 990 to the output 1080 of the state parameter extractor 450C. The output 1080 constitutes a second state parameter extractor output for transmitting a second tool wear status value X2(r), also referred to as Sp(r). The second tool wear status value X2(r) is transmitted at the same transmission frequency as the first tool wear status value X1(r). In addition, the first tool wear status value X1(r) and the second tool wear status value X2(r) are preferably transmitted simultaneously as a set of tool wear status data (X1(r); X2(r)). In the notation X1(r), "r" represents the number of samples representing a time slot, i.e., an increase in the value of "r" represents a time progression, in the same manner as the number "i" in column #01 of Table 3.

[0654] As described elsewhere in this document, the vibration signal signature S FIMP The magnitude of the peak amplitude sample value Sp seems to depend on the impact force F IMP The magnitude of the impact force F IMP Indicates the impact between the tool edge 310 and the raw material workpiece 30, which causes the mechanical shock vibration V IMP .

[0655] Figure 32 is a block diagram of a system 5,320,770 comprising a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a workpiece of raw material, as shown in block 10, receiving a plurality of inputs U1, ...Uk, and generating a plurality of outputs Y1, ...Yn. Figure 321C , it should be noted that for ease of analysis, the machine 10 can be considered as a black box 10B having a plurality of input variables, referred to as input parameters U1, U2, U3, ..., Uk, where index k is a positive integer. During operation of the machine 10, 10B, the machine, which includes a tool 20 for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece, has a tool wear state X, and for analysis purposes, the machine 10 can be considered as a black box 10B having a plurality of output variables, also referred to as output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn, where index n is a positive integer.

[0656] The tool wear state X of the tool can be described or represented by a plurality of tool wear state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm, where the index m is a positive integer.

[0657] Using the terminology of linear algebra, the input variables U1, U2, U3, ... Uk can be collectively referred to as the input vector U. Therefore, the dimension of the input vector U is k:

[0658] Input vector U: Dim(U)=k

[0659] Similarly, the tool wear state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm can be collectively referred to as the tool wear state vector X.

[0660] The dimension of the tool wear state vector X is m:

[0661] Tool wear state vector X: Dim(X)=m

[0662] The output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ...Yn can be collectively referred to as the output vector Y.

[0663] The dimension of the output vector Y is n:

[0664] Output vector Y: Dim(Y)=n

[0665] The tool wear state X of the tool at a time point designated as r may be designated as X(r). The tool wear state X(r) may be described or represented by a plurality of tool wear state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm. These tool wear state parameters define different aspects of the tool wear state X(r) of the tool 20 at a position along the cycle r or at a rotation angle of the rotating tool 20.

[0666] The tool wear state X(r) of the machine 10 depends on the input vector U(r). One aspect of the tool wear state X is the amount of material 30 in the tool 20, and this amount does not change immediately. Therefore, during the operation of the machine 10, the tool wear state X(r) can be considered as a function of the earlier tool wear state X(r-1) and the input U(r):

[0667] X(r)=f1(X(r-1),U(r)), (Equation 4)

[0668] Here, X(r-1) represents the tool wear state X of the tool 20 at a time point before a time point called r.

[0669] The output Y of the machine 10 can be considered as a function of the tool wear state X. Thus, using the terminology of linear algebra, the output vector Y(r) depends on the tool wear state vector X(r):

[0670] Y(r)=f2(X(r)) (Equation 5)

[0671] One aspect of this document aims to solve the problem of how to maintain the shearing process of the machine 10 at a suitable operating point. Therefore, during operation of the machine 10, it may be desirable to counteract deviations from the suitable operating point. This problem can be solved by providing a linearized model of the shearing process at the operating point. When the above functions f1 and f2 are considered at operating points close to the suitable operating point, respectively, the functions can be linear. Therefore, at a selected operating point, the tool wear state X(r) can be considered as a function of the early tool wear state X(r-1) and the input U(r) according to a linear model, which can be written as follows:

[0672] X(r) = A × X(r-1) + B × U(r) (Equation 6)

[0673] Where A and B are coefficient matrices.

[0674] In this regard, it is worth noting that in linear algebra, a coefficient matrix is ​​a matrix consisting of the coefficients of the variables in a set of linear equations. As the skilled reader of this document will know, coefficient matrices are used to solve linear equations. In this regard, it should be noted that the coefficients in matrices A and B can each be a constant.

[0675] Similarly, at the selected operating point, the output vector Y(r) depends on the tool wear state vector X(r) according to a linear model, which can be written as follows:

[0676] Y(r)=C×X(r) (Equation 7)

[0677] Where C is the coefficient matrix.

[0678] However, Equation 7 does not imply that a change in state X necessarily translates immediately into a change in state Y, as there may sometimes be a delay between the occurrence of a change in tool wear state X and the occurrence of a corresponding change in state Y(r) of output material 95. However, when operating in a steady state, there appears to be a causal relationship between tool wear state X during shearing occurring in machine 10 at time r and state Y(r) of output material 95 at the same time r. Therefore, Equation 7 is valid, at least when machine 10 is operating in a steady state.

[0679] Referring to Equation 7, the coefficients in the matrix C can be constants. The constant values ​​of the coefficients in the matrix C can be OP The derivative is set to C = dY / dX.

[0680] refer to Figure 32 The system includes a monitoring module 150A for generating a tool wear state vector X of dimension m, where m is a positive integer. In one example, Dim(X) is at least 2. The values ​​in the tool wear state vector X can be calculated according to the above Figures 1A to 31 Generated in the manner disclosed in any of the figures.

[0681] The monitoring module 150A may be adapted to communicate 1122, for example, via the user interface 210, information describing the tool wear state X of the tool during operation of the machine 10, as indicated by arrow 1122. Thus, one or more values ​​in the tool wear state vector X may be communicated to the operator 230 via the user interface 210. This advantageously simplifies the operator 230 of the machine 10 making appropriate adjustments 1124 to the setpoint values ​​(index SP) to affect the input vector U. Thus, by adjusting, for example, the speed setpoint value U1 SP (Combined Figure 1A See also Figure 32 ), the operator 230 can adjust the speed f ROT , U1. In this way, the operator adjusts the relevant set point value U SP The corresponding input variables U1, U2, U3, ... Uk can be adjusted.

[0682] Set point value U1 SP 、U2 SP 、U3 SP ...Uk can be collectively referred to as the set point vector U SP Therefore, set the point vector U SP The dimension is k:

[0683] Set point vector U SP :Dim(U SP )=k

[0684] Figure 32The system 5, 320, 770 may include a monitoring module 150A as described in any other embodiment described in the present disclosure, such as the monitoring module 150A described in FIG. Figure 31 Any one of them is relevant.

[0685] Figure 33 is a block diagram of another system 730, 940, 950 that includes a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a workpiece of raw material, as shown in box 10, receiving a plurality of inputs U1, ...Uk, and generating a plurality of outputs Y1, ...Yn.

[0686] Figure 33 The system 940 may include a monitoring module 150A as described in any other embodiment described in the present disclosure, such as the monitoring module 150A described in FIG. Figure 31 In addition, Figure 33 The system 940 may include a control module 150B as described in any other embodiment described in the present disclosure, such as Figure 28 Related.

[0687] Figure 33 The monitoring module 150A may be adapted to communicate information describing the tool wear state X of the tool during operation of the machine 10, for example, via the user interface 210. Thus, one or more values ​​in the tool wear state vector X may be communicated 1122 to the operator 230 via the user interface 210, as indicated by arrow 1122. This advantageously simplifies the operator 230 of the machine 10 in determining the machine setpoint value U and / or the tool wear state limit value X. LIMIT (Index Limit) Make appropriate adjustments 1126 to affect or compare the tool wear state X of the tool during operation of the machine 10. Arrow 1126 indicates, for example, the tool wear state limit X. LIMIT Related user input. Tool wear status limit value X1 LIMIT 、X2 LIMIT 、X3 LIMIT 、……、Xm LIMIT It can be collectively referred to as the tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT For example, for a tool 20 comprising six tool edges 310, the tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT One tool edge wear status value may be included for each of the six tool edges 310 .

[0688] Tool wear state vector X LIMIT The dimension is m:

[0689] Tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT :Dim(X LIMIT )=m

[0690] In this way, the operator 230 can adjust the machine set point value U and / or the associated tool wear state limit value X1. LIMIT 、X2 LIMIT 、X3 LIMIT 、……、Xm LIMIT The tool wear state X of the tool during operation of the machine 10 can be compared with the tool wear state limit X LIMIT Therefore, in response to user input, the user interface 210 can be configured to generate a tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT The value of .

[0691] Tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT is transmitted to the reference input of the control module 150B, such as Figure 33 As shown in . Combined Figure 26 refer to Figure 33 The control module 150B is a multivariable control module, which also receives the above-mentioned tool wear state vector X from the monitoring module 150A.

[0692] In this regard, the tool wear state vector X may indicate the current state of the process in the machine 10, and the tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT Indicates the threshold value of the allowable tool wear state of the process. Usually, the tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT With one or more tool wear status values ​​X1 LIMIT 、X2 LIMIT The minimum acceptable amount of tool wear is related to the standards described in this document, etc. or a combination thereof.

[0693] The multivariable control module 150B may be adapted to determine the tool wear state based on the received tool wear state limit vector X. LIMIT and the received tool wear state vector X to generate the tool wear state error vector X ERR .

[0694] Tool wear state error vector X ERR Including tool wear state error value X1 ERR 、X2 ERR 、X3 ERR 、……、Xm ERR .

[0695] The dimension of the tool wear state error vector X is m:

[0696] Tool wear state error vector X ERR :Dim(X ERR )=m

[0697] The error vector is transmitted to the regulator 755, 755C. Figure 33 The regulator 755, 755C is suitable for generating a set point vector USP Therefore, the set point vector U SP Including the above set point values ​​for controlling or adjusting the corresponding input variables U1, U2, U3, ... Uk (combined with Figure 34 See also Figure 33 ).

[0698] Therefore, combined Figure 33 The described system advantageously simplifies the operation of the operator 230 of the machine 10 by communicating 1122 information indicative of the tool wear state X of the tool during operation, while also allowing the operator to provide 1126 information describing the tool wear state, such as in the form of the tool wear state limit vector X described above. REF The reference value is in the form of .

[0699] The regulator 755, 755C may be a multivariable regulator configured to include a multivariable proportional-integral-derivative controller (PID controller). Alternatively, the regulator 755, 755C may be configured to include a multivariable proportional-integral controller (PI controller). Alternatively, the regulator 755, 755C may be configured to include a multivariable proportional controller (P controller).

[0700] Alternatively, the regulator 755, 755C can be configured to include a Kalman filter, also known as a linear quadratic estimator (LQE). A Kalman filter is an algorithm that uses a series of measurements observed over time, including statistical noise and other inaccuracies, to estimate the unknown variables by estimating the joint probability distribution of the variables within each time frame, which is often more accurate than an estimate based on a single measurement alone.

[0701] Figure 34 Another schematic diagram of a system 1130 including a machine 10 is shown. Thus, reference numeral 1130 refers to a system including a machine 10 having a rotatable tool 20 as discussed in this document. Figure 34 The system 1130 may include parts and as described above with respect to Figure 1A as described and / or as described in any other examples described in this disclosure, such as those described with respect to Figures 1 to 33.

[0702] The monitoring module 150A may include a state parameter extractor function as described elsewhere in this document for generating tool wear state values ​​X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm. It should be noted that the tool wear state X of the tool at a time point referred to as r may be referred to as X(r). The tool wear state X(r) may be described or indicated by a plurality of parameter values ​​that define different aspects of the tool wear state X(r) of the tool 20 at position r. Therefore, the tool wear state values ​​X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm at time r may be collectively referred to as a tool wear state vector X(r).

[0703] Figure 34 The system shown in can provide an integrated HCI 210, 250, 210S. Figure 34 The input / output interface 210 can be configured to enable all of the above-mentioned inputs and / or outputs. Figure 34 The input / output interface 210 can be configured to provide 1132 information related to the state of the output material. The state of the output material can be described by output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn, collectively referred to as the output vector Y. As described above, the dimension of the output vector Y is n:

[0704] Output vector Y: Dim(Y)=n

[0705] Vector Y can also be called output material state vector Y.

[0706] Figure 34 System 1130 includes a regulator 1190. Regulator 1190 can be configured to enable all of the functionality described with reference to regulator 240, which is described elsewhere herein. Alternatively, regulator 1190 can be configured to enable all of the functionality described with reference to regulator 755, which is described elsewhere herein. In addition to the functionality described with reference to regulator 240 and / or regulator 755, regulator 1190 can also be configured to perform additional functionality, such as communicating and / or receiving information related to output material 95 in the form of output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn. Therefore, regulator 1190 can also be designated by reference numerals 240C and / or 755C.

[0707] Thus, regulator 1190 can be configured to communicate information related to output material 95 to operator 230, as indicated by arrow 1132. Additionally, regulator 1190 can be configured to receive information related to output material 95 from operator 230, as indicated by arrow 1196.

[0708] Figure 35 yes Figure 34 Schematic overview of the information that the input / output interface 210 may convey. Figure 34 and Figure 35 , it should be noted that Figure 34 The regulator 1190 and 755C are coupled via the coupling 1100 for exchanging data with the input / output interface 210. The information transmitted via the coupling 1100 includes the tool wear state limit vector X REF reference value.

[0709] refer to Figure 34 , the system 1130 includes a product analyzer 1140 configured to analyze at least a portion of the output material 95. The analyzer 1140 is configured to generate at least one output material measurement value Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn based on the output material analysis.

[0710] In practice, at least one output material measurement value Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn may indicate an output material state Y, which is an instantaneous state of the output material 95. When the analyzer 1140 provides two or more output material measurements, these values ​​may be provided in the form of an output vector Y as described above.

[0711] For example, the at least one output material measurement may include an indication of the output material discharge rate R SDis Output material discharge rate R SDis It can also be called output parameter Y1.

[0712] The instantaneous state of the output material 95 (ie, output material state Y) can be identified by measuring at least one output material measurement value Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn. In practice, it may be desirable to generate more than one output material measurement value to obtain information indicative of the output material state (Y).

[0713] The at least one output material measurement value may be one or more selected from the group consisting of:

[0714] - values ​​Y1; Y2 indicating the mass per unit time of the output material 95;

[0715] - values ​​Y1; Y2 indicating the mass per unit time of the output material 95;

[0716] - values ​​Y1; Y2 indicating the median size of the output material;

[0717] a value Y1 indicating the mass per unit time of the output material 95; Y2, having a size below a predetermined output material size limit;

[0718] - a value Y1 indicating the proportion or percentage of output material; Y2, whose output material size is within the range between the output material size lower limit and the output material size upper limit;

[0719] - a value Y1 indicating the count (ie, the amount) of output materials; Y2, whose output material size is within the range between the output material size lower limit and the output material size upper limit;

[0720] - a value Y1 indicative of the output material size distribution Y; Y2, such as the standard deviation; and

[0721] - Values ​​Y1; Y2 indicating the output material dimensions Y1; Y2.

[0722] The output material size Y1; Y2 may be at least one selected from the following group:

[0723] - Output material median size value;

[0724] - Output the average size of the material;

[0725] - Output material median diameter value; and

[0726] - Output the average material diameter value.

[0727] The output material size limit value may be at least one selected from the following group:

[0728] - Output material diameter value; and

[0729] -The maximum width of the output material.

[0730] The values ​​Y1 and Y2 indicating the output material size distribution Y may be at least one selected from the following group:

[0731] - Standard deviation value;

[0732] - Variance value;

[0733] - the range between the highest and lowest dimensions;

[0734] -Interquartile range.

[0735] The range between the Minimum and Maximum Output Material Size values ​​can be between the following:

[0736] 30 microns and 20 mm;

[0737] 150 microns and 300 microns;

[0738] 200 microns and 220 microns; and / or

[0739] 0 mm and 40 mm.

[0740] The product analyzer 1140 can therefore be configured to analyze at least a portion of the output material 95 to generate at least one output material measurement value Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn based on the output material analysis. The at least one output material measurement value Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn can be provided with information indicating a point in time at which the at least one output material measurement value Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn was generated.

[0741] Furthermore, the output material state Y at a time point designated as w may be designated as Y(w). The output material state Y(w) may be described or indicated by a plurality of parameter values ​​Y1(w), Y2(w), Y3(w), ..., Yn(w), which define different aspects of the output material 95 discharged from the machine 10 at time w. Thus, the output material parameter values ​​Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn at time w may be collectively designated as the output material state vector Y(w), also referred to as the output vector Y(w).

[0742] As described above, there is a causal relationship between a certain tool wear state X(r) and a certain output Y(r), and therefore the output Y of the machine 10 can be regarded as a function of the tool wear state X.

[0743] refer to Figure 34 , the output vector Y can be transmitted to the first input terminal of the correlator 150C1. In addition, the tool wear state vector X can be transmitted by the module 150A to the second input terminal of the correlator 150C1. The correlator 150C1 is configured to identify the corresponding relationship between the tool wear state X and the corresponding output Y.

[0744] However, in order to perform the correlation, it is desirable to ensure that the measured values ​​of the output Y(w) refer at least approximately to the same point in time as the tool wear state X(r). In other words, the values ​​in the tool wear state vector X(r) may need to be synchronized with the values ​​in the corresponding output vector Y(w). Figure 34 , the output vector Y(w) may be passed to a first input of an optional synchronizer 1150. The synchronizer 1150 is optional because it may not be necessary, for example when the tool wear state vector X(r) and the corresponding output vector Y(w) are generated in a synchronized manner such that

[0745] - time w is the same time as time r, or

[0746] - so that the time point w is at least approximately the same time point as the time point r.

[0747] The time synchronization vectors X(t) and Y(t) are received by the correlation data generator 1160, as Figure 34 shown.

[0748] The correlation data generator 1160 generates a correlation data set 1170. According to an example, the correlation data generator 1160 generates the correlation data set by performing a correlation of:

[0749] At least one tool wear state value received, such as X1(t), and

[0750] At least one corresponding output material measurement is received, such as Y2(t).

[0751] The correlation data generator 1160 may receive a plurality of time-stamped tool wear state vectors X(r) and a plurality of time-stamped corresponding output vectors Y(w). The received information vectors may be received in a time-interleaved manner, such as X(10), Y(12), X(14), Y(16), X(18), Y(20), X(22), Y(24), wherein the synchronizer 1150 receives vector X in a time period between receiving two consecutive vectors Y. This is the case when vector X(18) is time-stamped in a time period between t=20 and t=16, and Y vectors Y(16) and Y(20) are time-stamped at time points t=16 and t=20, respectively. When the machine 10 is operated under steady-state conditions, i.e., when all values ​​in vectors X and Y are stable over time, the synchronizer 1150 may generate a pair of vectors X and Y by adjusting the time stamps so that the generated pair of vectors X and Y have the same time stamp. The same time stamp may be, for example, an intermediate time stamp. For example, upon receiving the above-described vectors X(18) and Y(20), the synchronizer 1150 may arrange them into a vector pair stamped with an intermediate time t = 19. Thus, the synchronizer 1150 may generate a vector pair X(t+1) and Y(t+1) in response to receipt of the vectors X(t) and Y(t+2) for transmission to the correlation data generator 1160.

[0752] In addition, the transmission frequency of the X vector and the Y vector may be different. For example, this problem can be solved by configuring the synchronizer 1150 to transmit the following items to the correlation data generator 1160:

[0753] Vectors X and Y are received in pairs such that each timestamp vector Y is associated with the vector X having the closest earlier timestamp. Therefore, the synchronizer 1150 may have to discard or reject some vectors.

[0754] Therefore, for example, when the transmission frequency of the X vector is lower than the transmission frequency of the Y vector, the synchronizer 1150 may receive the vectors as follows:

[0755] vector X(34),

[0756] vector Y(36),

[0757] vector X(37),

[0758] vector Y(38),

[0759] vector X(40),

[0760] vector Y(40),

[0761] vector Y(42),

[0762] vector X(43),

[0763] vector Y(44),

[0764] The synchronizer 1150 may then transmit pairs 1165 of vectors X and Y to the correlation data generator 1160 such that each timestamp vector Y is associated with the vector X having the closest earlier timestamp. In the above example, the synchronizer 1150 may transmit the following pairs:

[0765] Vector X (34) Vector Y (36),

[0766] Vector X(37), Vector Y(38),

[0767] Vector X(40), Vector Y(40),

[0768] Vectors X(43), Y(44) and vector Y(42) as a sequence can be discarded.

[0769] Table 7 below is an example of consecutive pairs 1165 of vectors X and Y arranged in time order.

[0770]

[0771]

[0772] Table 7: Consecutive pairs 1165 of vectors X and Y arranged in time order.

[0773] Table 7 shows an example of a continuous pair 1165 of vectors X and Y, including information indicating a tool wear state value X1 and information indicating a corresponding output parameter Y2. The output parameter Y2 indicates a median size of the output material 95 produced by the machine 10 including the tool 20 for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece 30.

[0774] The correlation data generator 1160 may be configured to perform a correlation based on the received pairs 1165 of vectors X and Y. According to an example, the correlation data generator 1160 may be configured to perform a regression analysis based on a large number of received pairs 1165 of vectors X and Y.

[0775] Regression analysis can use one or more statistical procedures to estimate the relationship between a dependent variable, that is, the values ​​in vector Y, and one or more independent variables, that is, the values ​​in vector X.

[0776] refer to Figure 34 , the correlation data set 1170 generated by the correlator 150C1 can be transmitted to the tool wear state limit value generator 150c2.

[0777] The tool wear state limit value generator 150c2 may be configured to use the received correlation data 1170 to generate the limit value Y LIMIT Transformed into the corresponding tool wear state limit value X LIMIT Table 8 is used to set the limit value Y2 LIMIT Transformed into the corresponding tool wear state limit value X1 LIMIT In fact, Table 8 is an exemplary data set corresponding to the information in Table 7 above.

[0778]

[0779]

[0780] Table 8: Correlation data set 1170 in the form of a correlation table for outputting material limit value Y2 LIMIT Transformed into tool wear state limit value X1 LIMIT .

[0781] An exemplary correlation data table 1170 (an example of which is shown by Table 8) indicates correlations between tool wear state values ​​X1 and output parameters Y2 indicating a median size of output material 95 produced by a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece.

[0782] More complex cases for multivariable monitoring systems

[0783] 37 and 38 serve to illustrate the functionality of the correlation data generator 1160 in the relatively simple case of a regression analysis applied to a single dependent variable Y2 and a single independent variable X1.

[0784] However, one of the objectives addressed by the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe a method and system for improved monitoring and / or control of tool wear status X in a machine 10 during operation. When the machine 10 operates at a variable rotational speed X5=U1 and also exhibits variations in the magnitude of L and X1 order frequencies, the aforementioned regression analysis applied to a single dependent variable Y2 and a single independent variable X1 may not be sufficient. However, to address this issue, the correlation data generator 1160 may apply a regression analysis to a plurality of data pairs 1165, including:

[0785] The received tool wear state vector X(t) of dimension m, and

[0786] The corresponding output vector Y(t) received with dimension n is

[0787] Wherein, m and n are positive integers.

[0788] Thus, when m tool wear state values ​​X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm are to be correlated with n output material measurement values ​​Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn, the correlation data generator 1160 may be configured to generate a set of correlation data 1170 by performing a correlation of a received tool wear state vector X(t) with a received corresponding output vector Y(t),

[0789] in,

[0790] X(t) is an m×1 vector, and m is a positive integer, and

[0791] Y(t) is an n×1 vector, and n is a positive integer.

[0792] Thus, in this case, the correlation data generator 1160 can be configured to perform a regression analysis to identify a more complex linear combination (i.e., more complex than a line in two-dimensional space) that best fits the data based on a particular mathematical criterion. For example, the correlation data generator 1160 can perform an ordinary least squares method applied to a plurality of received vectors X(t) of dimension m and a plurality of received corresponding output vectors Y(t) of dimension n to compute a unique hyperplane that minimizes the sum of the squared differences between the received data and the hyperplane.

[0793] Thus, upon receiving a vector X(t) of dimension m and a plurality of corresponding output vectors Y(t) of dimension n, the correlation data generator 1160 is configured to generate a multidimensional correlation dataset 1170. According to one example, the multidimensional correlation dataset 1170 may be transmitted as data 1170 indicating the aforementioned hyperplane. Alternatively, the multidimensional correlation dataset 1170 may be transmitted as data 1170 indicating a coefficient matrix C, as discussed above with respect to Equation 7.

[0794] According to an example, the correlation data generator 1160 can be configured to include Kalman filtering, also known as linear quadratic estimation (LQE), when generating the correlation data set 1170.

[0795] This solution advantageously allows for the identification and / or determination of a causal relationship between a tool wear state X and at least one output material measurement value Y of a shearing process.

[0796] Furthermore, the solution advantageously enables the identification and / or determination of a causal relationship between the tool wear state X of the shearing process and the output material state Y. The output material state Y may also be referred to as output material state Y.

[0797] This solution is general because it allows to define the output material state limit Y LIMIT , and allows testing alternative tool wear states of the shearing process, also known as operating point X OP , to search and identify the tool wear state X of the shearing process BEP , which results in or produces the output material state limit Y LIMIT or causes or produces as close as possible to the output material state limit Y LIMIT The output material state Y. This tool wear state can be called the optimal operating point BEP. The parameter values ​​at BEP can be collectively referred to as the tool wear state BEP vector X BEP .

[0798] Furthermore, recording the detected instantaneous shearing process tool wear states X(r) in association with the corresponding instantaneous output material states Y(r) produces correlation data indicating a correlation between:

[0799] The tool wear state X(r) during the instantaneous shearing process, and

[0800] The corresponding instantaneous output material state Y(r).

[0801] By repeatedly recording a plurality of mutually different detected instantaneous shearing process tool wear states X(r) in association with the instantaneous output material states Y(r) caused by the corresponding instantaneous shearing process tool wear states X(r), a correlation data set can be generated, where r is a numerical variable indicating the number of different time points. Such a correlation data set indicates the association between:

[0802] Multiple instantaneous shear process tool wear states X(r), and

[0803] A plurality of corresponding instantaneous output material states Y(r).

[0804] The machine operating characteristic curve or BMOC curve of the machine 10 is a graphical plot showing the median size (Y2) of the output material 95 produced by the machine at different tool wear states (X).

[0805] The BMOC curve can be created by plotting tool wear state values ​​(X1, X2) versus the median size (Y2) of the output material 95 corresponding to the tool wear state value. OPThe machine of the tool 20 of the TOP or TOP is a specific point within the operating characteristics of the machine including the tool for shearing and / or forming the raw material workpiece. It has been found that when the tool wear state values ​​(X1, X2) are within a specific range for the specific machine including the tool for shearing and / or forming the raw material workpiece, the operating point (X OP , TOP) may result in a desired output material size distribution (Y). In the context of this document, the term machine operating area (MOA) may be used to describe a specific range of such tool wear state values ​​(X1, X2).

[0806] A machine operating characteristic curve or MOC curve of a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece is a graphical curve that shows the output material size distribution (Y) of the output material 95 generated by the machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece as at least one of the tool wear state values ​​(X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6) changes. Thus, for example, when the rotation speed (f ROT ) is kept constant, the MOC curve is created by plotting the measured values ​​of the output material size distribution (Y) against the tool wear state value.

[0807] Reference again Figure 34 The tool wear state limit value generator 150c2 may be configured to use the received correlation data 1170 to output the material limit value Y LIMIT Transformed into the corresponding tool wear state limit value X LIMIT Output material limit value Y LIMIT Correlation data 1170 and machine operating parameters may allow tool wear condition limit values ​​X to be LIMIT Or output material limit value Y LIMIT Define another one.

[0808] Using relevant data to operate machines

[0809] refer to Figure 34 , the operator 230 in the control room 220 is responsible for operating the machine 10. The operator can use the regulator 1190 to operate the machine 10. The regulator 1190 is coupled to the user interface 210, 210B, also known as the human-machine interface (HCI) 210B, such as Figure 34 As shown in .

[0810] Figure 34 The exemplary control room 220 shown in FIG. 1 includes a tool wear state control system 1200 including a tool wear state limit value generator 150c2 and user interfaces 210, 210B and regulators 755C, 240C.

[0811] The tool wear state control system 1200 may be configured to perform the following steps:

[0812] (Step S3000:) The user interface 210 transmits information requesting the operator to provide an indication of the output material state limit Y LIMIT As discussed above, the output material state limit Y LIMIT The user input may indicate at least one threshold value of a desired output material measurement value, such as Y1 and / or Y2. For example, the user input may indicate an output material median size limit Y2. LIMIT and / or output material size distribution limit Y3 LIMIT 、Y4 LIMIT , or the output material limit per time unit Y1 LIMIT .

[0813] This request S3000 may be generated by software included in the regulator 755C, or by software included in the regulator 240C, or by the tool wear state limit value generator 150c2.

[0814] The tool wear state control system 1200 may also be configured to:

[0815] (Step S3005:) For example, receiving an instruction to output the material state limit Y via the user interface 210 LIMIT and / or output material median size limit Y2 LIMIT And / or output data of material size distribution Y2, Y3, Y4.

[0816] Furthermore, the tool wear state control system 1200 may be configured to perform a method comprising the following steps:

[0817] S3010: Generate tool wear status based on the following items Limit value (X1 LIMIT ;FI LIMIT ):

[0818] instruct Output material status limit values Y LIMIT and / or output material median size limit (Y2 LIMIT ) and / or output material median size distribution limit Y2 LIMIT 、Y3 LIMIT 、Y4 LIMIT data, and

[0819] Correlation data set (1170); Correlation data set (1170) is

[0820] Indicates a causal relationship between:

[0821] The wear state value of a tool (X1, X2, X3...), and

[0822] The corresponding output material median size (Y2),

[0823] The tool rotation speed (U1, f ROT );

[0824] and / or indicate a causal relationship between:

[0825] The wear limit value X of a tool LIMIT ,as well as

[0826] The corresponding output material state limit value Y LIMIT .

[0827] The corresponding output material state limit Y LIMIT Output material size distribution (Y2, Y3, Y4) may be included.

[0828] Step S3010 may involve transmitting the received data from the user interface 210 to the tool wear state limit value generator 150c2 (see Figure 34 and / or Figure 35 and / or Figure 39 ).

[0829] The tool wear state limit value generator 150c2 is configured to output the material state limit Y LIMIT The relevant data is transformed into the corresponding tool wear state limit X LIMIT Data and / or indication corresponding to the tool wear state limit value X1 LIMIT (r), FI LIMIT (r) data, as discussed above.

[0830] Combine Figure 35 refer to Figure 34 , the tool wear state control system 1200 may also be configured to:

[0831] S3020: The user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250) conveys the corresponding tool wear state limit X LIMIT Information and / or indication of the corresponding tool wear state limit value X1 LIMIT (r), FI LIMIT (r), and

[0832] S3020: causing the user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250) to communicate information indicating actual tool wear state values ​​(X1, X2, X3, ...) such as received from the monitoring module 150A,

[0833] S3020: Receive the raw material feed rate (U2, R2) via the user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250) S ) related to the first user input;

[0834] S3020: Generate raw material feed rate set point value (U2 SP , R SSP ),thereby Impact on tool wear status (X) , to control or influence

[0835] Output material state limit Y LIMIT

[0836] Output material median size (Y2); where,

[0837] The resulting raw material feed rate set point value (U2 SP , R SSP ) based on the first user input received.

[0838] System for monitoring and providing operators with improved information content about the shearing process

[0839] Figure 39 is a block diagram of a system 1130 for monitoring a tool wear condition X of a tool and providing improved information content to an operator 230 of a machine 10 .

[0840] System 1130 includes machine 10, as described above in conjunction with Figure 34 Discussed. Figure 39 , a system 1130 is shown as a block diagram that includes a machine including a tool for shearing and / or forming a workpiece of raw material, as shown in block 10, receiving a plurality of inputs U1, ...Uk, and generating a plurality of outputs Y1, ...Yn. Thus, in terms of signal processing and analysis, the machine 10 receives an input vector U and generates an output vector Y in the manner discussed elsewhere in this document. Figure 39 The system 1130 may include parts and as described above with respect to Figure 1A as described and / or as described in any other examples described in this disclosure, such as those described with respect to Figures 1 to 34.

[0841] System 1130B includes a monitoring module 150A and / or a correlation module 150C, such as Figure 39 As described above, during operation of the machine 10, the correlation module 150C may be operable to generate the correlation dataset 1170, and / or the correlation module 150C may be operable to associate the output material condition limit Y with the output material condition limit Y. LIMIT The relevant data is transformed into the corresponding tool wear state limit X LIMIT data, the conversion step is based on a correlation data set 1170 related to the operating machine 10.

[0842] Figure 39 The system 1130 shown in FIG. 1 includes a tool wear state control system 1200 , which includes a tool wear state limit value generator 150 c 2 , user interfaces 210 , 210B, and a regulator 240C.

[0843] The tool wear state control system 1200 may be configured to perform the following steps:

[0844] (Step S3000:) The user interface 210 transmits information requesting the operator to provide an indication of the output material state limit Y LIMIT As discussed above, the output material state limit Y LIMIT The user input may indicate at least one desired output material measurement value, such as Y1 and / or Y2. For example, the user input may indicate the output material median size limit Y2 LIMIT and / or output material size distribution Y3 LIMIT 、Y4 LIMIT , or the output material limit per time unit Y1 LIMIT .

[0845] This request S3000 may be generated by software included in the regulator 240C.

[0846] The tool wear state control system 1200 may also be configured to:

[0847] (Step S3005:) For example, receiving an instruction to output the material state limit Y via the user interface 210 LIMIT and / or output material median dimension Y2 LIMIT And / or output data of material size distribution Y2, Y3, Y4.

[0848] Furthermore, the tool wear state control system 1200 may be configured to perform a method comprising the following steps:

[0849] S3010: Generate corresponding tool wear state limit X LIMIT (also called tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT ), which may include tool wear condition limit values ​​(X1 LIMIT ;FI LIMIT ). Tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT Can be based on

[0850] instruct Output material status limit Y LIMIT and / or output material median size limit (Y2 LIMIT ) and / or output material size distribution limit Y2 LIMIT 、Y3 LIMIT 、Y4LIMIT data, and

[0851] Correlation data set (1170); Correlation data set (1170) is

[0852] Indicates a causal relationship between:

[0853] The wear state limit X of a tool LIMIT ,as well as

[0854] The corresponding output material state limit Y LIMIT .

[0855] Corresponding output material state limit Y LIMIT May include output material size distribution (Y2, Y3, Y4) and / or output material discharge rate Y1 LIMIT .

[0856] Step S3010 may involve receiving the received data (ie, indicating the output material state limit Y LIMIT ) is transmitted from the user interface 210 to the correlation module 150C (see Figure 39 ).

[0857] The correlation module 150C may include a tool wear state limit value generator 150c2 configured to correlate the tool wear state limit value with the output material state limit value Y LIMIT The relevant data is transformed into the corresponding tool wear state limit X1 LIMIT (r) The data and / or indication of the corresponding tool wear state limit value X1 LIMIT (r), FI LIMIT (r) data, as discussed above.

[0858] Combine Figure 35 refer to Figure 39 , the tool wear state control system 1200 may also be configured to:

[0859] S3020: The user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250) conveys the corresponding tool wear state limit X LIMIT Information and / or indication of the corresponding tool wear state limit value X1 LIMIT (r), FI LIMIT (r) data, and

[0860] S3020: causing the user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250) to communicate information indicating actual tool wear state values ​​(X1, X2, X3, ...) such as received from the monitoring module 150A,

[0861] S3020: Receive the raw material feed rate (U2, R2) via the user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250) S ) related to the first user input;

[0862] S3020: Generate raw material feed rate set point value (U2 SP , R SSP ),thereby Impact on tool wear status (X) , to control or influence

[0863] Output material state limit Y LIMIT

[0864] Output material median size (Y2); where,

[0865] The resulting raw material feed rate set point value (U2 SP , R SSP ) based on the first user input received.

[0866] Systems for monitoring machine products and providing improved process control

[0867] Figure 40 is a block diagram of a system 1130B for monitoring tool wear condition X of machine 10 and achieving improved control of shearing and / or forming processes occurring in machine 10. System 1130B may include a combination of Figure 39 Some or all of the features discussed herein. Thus, system 1130B may include Figure 39 Some or all of the features of system 1130.

[0868] System 1130B includes a correlation module 150C, such as Figure 39 As shown in , system 1130B may further include a monitoring module 150A.

[0869] As described above, during operation of the machine 10, the correlation module 150C may be operable to generate the correlation dataset 1170, and / or the correlation module 150C may be operable to associate the output material condition limit Y with the output material condition limit Y. LIMIT The relevant data is transformed into the corresponding tool wear state limit X LIMIT data, the conversion step is based on a correlation data set 1170 related to the operating machine 10.

[0870] Figure 39 The system 1130 shown in FIG. 1 includes a tool wear state control system 1200 , which includes a tool wear state limit value generator 150 c 2 , user interfaces 210 , 210B, and a regulator 240C.

[0871] System 1130B may be configured to perform the following steps:

[0872] (Step S3000:) The user interface 210 transmits information requesting the operator to provide an indication of the output material state limit Y LIMIT As discussed above, the output material state limit Y LIMIT The user input may indicate at least one output material measurement value, such as Y1 and / or Y2. For example, the user input may indicate the output material median size limit Y2 LIMIT and / or output material size distribution limit Y3 LIMIT 、Y4 LIMIT , or the output material quantity limit per time unit Y1 LIMIT .

[0873] This request S3000 may be generated by software included in the control module 150B, or by software included in the correlation module 150C, or by the tool wear state control system 1200 .

[0874] System 1130B may also be configured to:

[0875] (Step S3005:) For example, receiving an instruction to output the material state limit Y via the user interface 210 LIMIT and / or output material median dimension Y2 LIMIT And / or output data of material size distribution Y2, Y3, Y4.

[0876] Furthermore, the system 1130B may be configured to perform a method comprising the following steps:

[0877] S3010: Generate corresponding tool wear state limit X LIMIT (also called tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT ), which may include tool wear condition limit values ​​(X1 LIMIT ;FI LIMIT ). Tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT Can be based on

[0878] instruct Output material status limit Y LIMIT and / or output material median size limit (Y2 LIMIT ) and / or output material size distribution limit Y2 LIMIT 、Y3 LIMIT 、Y4 LIMIT data, and

[0879] Correlation data set (1170); Correlation data set (1170) is

[0880] Indicates a causal relationship between:

[0881] The wear state limit X of a tool LIMIT ,as well as

[0882] The corresponding output material state limit Y LIMIT .

[0883] Corresponding output material state limit Y LIMIT May include output material size distribution (Y2, Y3, Y4) and / or output material discharge rate limit Y1 LIMIT .

[0884] Step S3005 may involve receiving the received data (ie, indicating the output material state limit Y LIMIT ) is transmitted from the user interface 210 to the correlation module 150C (see Figure 40 ).

[0885] The correlation module 150C may include a tool wear state limit value generator 150c2 configured to correlate the tool wear state limit value with the output material state limit value Y LIMIT The relevant data is transformed into the corresponding tool wear state limit X1 LIMIT (r) The data and / or indication of the corresponding tool wear state limit value X1 LIMIT (r), FI LIMIT (r) data, as discussed above.

[0886] Furthermore, the system 1130B may be configured to perform a method comprising the following steps:

[0887] The output material state (Y) is controlled via regulators 755C, 755 based on:

[0888] Included in the tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT At least one tool wear condition limit value (X1 LIMIT ;FI LIMIT ),

[0889] at least one tool wear state value (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7) or a tool wear state vector (X), including at least one tool wear state value indicating a current tool wear state (X) of the shearing process, and

[0890] At least one tool wear state error value (X1 ERR , X2 ERR , X3 ERR , X4 ERR , X5 ERR , X6 ERR , X7 ERR ) or tool wear state error vector X ERR , including at least one tool wear state error value,

[0891] in,

[0892] At least one tool wear state error value (X1 ERR , X2 ERR , X3 ERR , X4 ERR , X5 ERR , X6 ERR , X7 ERR )depending on

[0893] At least one tool wear condition limit value (X1 LIMIT ;FI LIMIT ),as well as

[0894] At least one tool wear status value (X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7).

[0895] Furthermore, the system 1130B may be configured to perform a method comprising the following steps:

[0896] The output material state (Y) is controlled via regulators 755C, 755 based on:

[0897] The tool wear state limit vector X indicating the current tool wear state (X) of the shearing process LIMIT ,as well as

[0898] a tool wear state limit vector (X) indicating the current tool wear state (X) of the shearing process, and

[0899] Tool wear state error vector X ERR , including at least one tool wear state error value,

[0900] in,

[0901] Tool wear state error vector X ERR depending on

[0902] Tool wear state limit vector X LIMIT ,as well as

[0903] Tool wear state vector (X).

[0904] Furthermore, the system 1130B may be configured to perform a method comprising the following steps:

[0905] Receive information related to the raw material feed rate (U2, R S ) related to the first user input; and

[0906] Generates the raw material feed rate set point value (U2 SP , R SSP);in,

[0907] The resulting indicated raw material feed rate set point value (U2 SP , R SSP ) data is based on the first user input received.

[0908] Various examples are disclosed below, starting with Example 1.

[0909] In some examples, system 1130B can be configured to perform a method comprising the following steps:

[0910] receiving, via a user interface (210, 210S, 240, 250), a first user input related to replacing a tool 20 or a part thereof;

[0911] Perform tool change actions, and

[0912] Resume operation.

[0913] Example 1 relates to a system 5 for shearing material, the system comprising:

[0914] A machine (10) comprising a tool (20) which is rotated at a speed (f ROT ) is rotated about an axis (60) for shearing a raw material workpiece; wherein the tool (20) has at least one tool edge (310) configured to engage the raw material workpiece (30);

[0915] The vibration sensor (70) is configured to detect mechanical vibrations (V) emitted from the rotation of the tool (20). IMP ) generates an analog measurement signal (S EA );

[0916] a position sensor (170) configured to generate a position signal indicative of a rotational position of the rotating tool;

[0917] Signal recorder, suitable for recording

[0918] -Digital measurement data signal (S MD , S ENV , S MD )’s time series of measured sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)), and

[0919] - the time series of position signal values ​​(P(i)), and

[0920] - Time information (i, dt; j)

[0921] Make

[0922] A single measurement data value (S(j)) is associated with data indicating the time of occurrence of the single measurement data value (S(j)), and such that

[0923] The individual position signal values ​​(P(i)) are associated with data indicating a time of occurrence of the individual position signal values ​​(P(i));

[0924] a signal processor adapted to detect the occurrence of amplitude peaks in the time series of recorded measurement sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j));

[0925] The signal processor is adapted to generate data indicative of a time duration between an occurrence of a position signal value and an occurrence of an amplitude peak.

[0926] 2. The system of example 1, wherein:

[0927] The signal processor is configured to generate a tool status data set indicating a tool wear state of the tool; the tool status data set includes an amplitude peak value and a time duration.

[0928] 3. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0929] The tool status dataset indicates the rotation speed (f ROT ).

[0930] 4. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0931] The rotary tool 20 includes at least four tool edges 310 .

[0932] Example 5 relates to a tool edge monitoring system for generating and displaying information related to a tool wear state in a shearing process in a machine (10) having a tool (20) rotating at a speed (f ROT ) rotates about an axis (60) for shearing a raw material workpiece (30),

[0933] Tool edge monitoring system includes:

[0934] A state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate

[0935] First tool wear status indication data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ), indicating the tool wear state of the shearing process, the first tool wear state indicating data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ) includes the first impact force indication value (S P1 ) and the first time indication value (T D1 );

[0936] The first impact force indication value (S P1 ), indicating the impact force (F) generated when the tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30) IMP ),as well as

[0937] The first time indication value (T D1 ), indicating the impact force (F IMP The time duration (T D1 ).

[0938] 6. The tool edge monitoring system according to Example 5, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) is further configured to generate

[0939] The second tool wear state indication data structure (S P2 , T D2 ), indicating the tool wear state of the shearing process, the second tool wear state indicating data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ) includes a second impact force indication value (S P2 ) and the second time indication value (T D2 )

[0940] The second impact force indication value (S P2 ), indicating the impact force (F) generated when the tool edge (310) on the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30) IMP ),as well as

[0941] The second time indication value (T D2 ), indicating the impact force (F IMP The time duration (T D1 );in,

[0942] The first tool wear state indication data structure (S P1 , T D1 ) indicates the tool wear state of the shearing process at a first point in time, and

[0943] The second tool wear state indication data structure (S P2 , T D2 ) indicates the tool wear state of the shearing process at the second time point.

[0944] 7. The tool edge monitoring system according to Example 6, wherein the first tool wear state indication data structure (S P1 , T D1 ) and the second tool wear status indication data structure (S P2 , TD2 ) combined with the time course of the tool wear status indicating the shearing process.

[0945] 8. A tool edge monitoring system according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0946] The state parameter extractor (450) comprises:

[0947] A tool speed detector (500) is configured to generate an indication of the tool rotation speed (f ROT (j)), the tool speed detector (500) is configured to indicate the tool rotation speed (f ROT The value of (i)) is associated with the time point (i).

[0948] 9. A tool edge monitoring system according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0949] The tool speed detector (500) is configured to convert a first impact force indication value (S P1 ; S(i)) and the indicated tool rotation speed (f ROT (j)) is associated with the value of

[0950] 10. A tool edge monitoring system according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0951] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to maintain a synchronized time relationship between:

[0952] The first impact force indication value (S P1 ; S(i); S(j)), and

[0953] Indicates tool rotation speed (f ROT (i); f ROT (j)) value.

[0954] Example 11: In a tool edge monitoring system (5), the tool edge monitoring system is used to generate and display information related to a shearing process in a machine (10), the machine having a tool that rotates at a speed (f ROT ) is rotated about an axis (60) for shearing a raw material (30), wherein the tool (20) has at least one tool edge (310) configured to engage the material when the tool is rotated about the axis (60),

[0955] A computer-implemented method for indicating tool wear status on a screen display during a shearing process,

[0956] The method includes:

[0957] Display on screen

[0958] Polar coordinate system, which has

[0959] Reference point (O), and

[0960] Reference direction (0, 360); and

[0961] The first tool wear state indicator object (S P1 , T D1 ), indicating the tool wear state during the shearing process, is located at the first radius (S P1 ) and is located at a first polar angle (T D1 )

[0962] The first radius (S P1 ), indicating the impact force (F) generated when the tool edge (310) of the rotating tool interacts with the raw material workpiece (30) IMP ),as well as

[0963] The first polar angle (T D1 ), indicating the impact force (F IMP The time duration (T D1 ).

[0964] 12. The method according to Example 11, wherein the method further comprises:

[0965] Display on screen

[0966] The second internal referent (S P2 , T D2 ), located at the second radius (S P2 ) and is located at a second polar angle (T D1 )

[0967] The second radius (S P2 ), indicating the impact force (S) generated when the tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30) P ; F IMP ),as well as

[0968] The second polar angle (T D1 ), indicating the impact force (F IMP The time duration (T D1 );in,

[0969] The first internal referent (S P1 , T D1) indicates the tool wear state of the shearing process at a first point in time, and

[0970] The second internal referent (S P1 , T D1 ) indicates the tool wear state of the shearing process at the second time point.

[0971] 13. The method according to example 12, wherein the first tool wear status point (S P1 , T D1 ) and the second tool wear state point (S P1 , T D1 ) indicates the temporal and / or spatial progression of the tool wear state during the shearing process.

[0972] Example 14 relates to a tool edge monitoring system for generating and displaying information related to a tool wear state during a shearing process in a machine (10) having a tool that rotates at a speed (f ROT ) rotates about an axis (60) for shearing a raw material workpiece (30),

[0973] Tool edge monitoring system includes:

[0974] State parameter extractor (450) for generating

[0975] First tool wear status indication data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ), indicating the tool wear state of the shearing process, the first tool wear state indicating data structure (550, S P1 , T D1 ) includes the first impact force indication value (S P1 ) and the first time indication value (P; T D1 );

[0976] The first impact force indication value (S P1 ), indicating the impact force (F) generated when the tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30) IMP ),as well as

[0977] The first time indication value (T D1 ), indicating the impact force (F IMP The time duration (T D1 );in,

[0978] The state parameter extractor (450) comprises:

[0979] A tool speed detector (500) is configured to generate an indication of the tool rotation speed (f ROT (j)), the tool speed detector (500) is configured to indicate the tool rotation speed (f ROT The value of (i)) is associated with the time point (i).

[0980] 15. A tool edge monitoring system according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0981] The tool speed detector (500) is configured to convert a first impact force indication value (S P1 ; S(j)) and the indicated tool rotation speed (f ROT (j)) is associated with the value of the rotation speed (f ROT (j)) value indicates the impact force (F IMP The tool rotation speed (f) at the time point (j) when ) occurs ROT (j)).

[0982] 16. A tool edge monitoring system according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0983] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate

[0984] the time course of the vibration signal value (S(i)) and the time course of the rotation reference position signal;

[0985] The state parameter extractor (450) further comprises:

[0986] The speed variation compensation extractor (470); the extractor (470) is configured to be based on the speed value (f ROT (j)) to extract the vibration signal value (S(i); S MD ) to generate a time course including vibration signal values ​​(R(q); S P (r)) of the extracted vibration signal (S MDR ).

[0987] 17. The tool edge monitoring system according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein the state parameter extractor (450) further comprises:

[0988] A fast Fourier transformer (510) is configured to generate a signal based on the extracted vibration signal (S MDR ) to generate a first impact force indication value (S P1 ) and the first time indication value (T D1 ).

[0989] 18. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0990] The raw material (30) comprises at least one from the following list:

[0991] -wood,

[0992] - polymers, and

[0993] -Metal.

[0994] 19. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0995] The machine (10) operates to perform shearing.

[0996] 20. A system according to any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[0997] The machine (10) operates to shear the raw material 30 of hard matter into a powder output material 95.

[0998] Example 21 relates to a method for generating information related to a wear state of a tool of a machine (10), the machine having a tool (20) which rotates at a speed (f ROT ) is rotated about an axis (60) for shearing a raw material (30); the tool (20) has a first number (L) of tool edges (310) configured to engage the material when the tool (20) is rotated about the axis (60), the method comprising:

[0999] generating a position signal (E, P, P(i), P(j), P(q)) indicating a rotational position of a rotating tool (20), the position signal comprising a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[1000] detecting a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) in the time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[1001] detecting a second occurrence of a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) in the time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[1002] According to the mechanical vibration (V IMP ) generates a vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)); vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[1003] Detect event signatures (S P(r); S P ) the third occurrence;

[1004] Generate a first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) data:

[1005] The third occurrence, event signature occurs, and

[1006] The first time it happened and the second time it happened.

[1007] 22. The method of any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1008] The first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the ratio of the distance between two adjacent tool edges (310).

[1009] 23. The method of any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1010] The first tool wear state value (X1) indicates an average wear state of a tool edge (310) of a tool (20).

[1011] 24. The method of any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1012] The event signature indicates the impact force (F) generated when the tool edge (310) on the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30). IMP ).

[1013] 25. The method of any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[1014] Generate the first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) as the phase angle (FI(r)); wherein the phase angle (FI(r)) indicates the position of the tool edge (310) at the tool (20) interacting with the raw material workpiece (30).

[1015] 26. The method of any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[1016] Generate event signatures as amplitude values ​​(S P (r); S p ;|C L (r)|; |C1(r)|).

[1017] 27. The method of any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1018] The first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) is generated by Fourier transform.

[1019] 28. The method of any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[1020] Count the total number of samples from the first occurrence to the second occurrence (N B ),as well as

[1021] Count the number of samples from the first occurrence to the third occurrence (N P ),as well as

[1022] A first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[1023] 29. The method according to any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[1024] Count the total number of samples from the first occurrence to the second occurrence (N B ),as well as

[1025] Count the number of samples from the first occurrence to the third occurrence (N P ),as well as

[1026] A first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[1027] 30. The method of example 29, wherein:

[1028] The relationship between the other number and the total number indicates the location of the tool edge (310) engaging the raw material workpiece (30).

[1029] 31. The method of example 29 or 30, wherein:

[1030] The relationship between the other quantity and the total number indicates the position of the tool edge (310) engaging the raw material workpiece (30), expressed as a portion of a rotation.

[1031] 32. The method of any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[1032] The rotary tool (20) generates a reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) at least once every time the rotary tool (20) rotates one circle.

[1033] 33. The method according to example 32, further comprising:

[1034] Each time the rotating tool (20) makes one revolution, a second numerical reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) is generated; the second numerical value is equal to the first numerical value (L).

[1035] 34. The method of example 32, further comprising:

[1036] Each time the rotating tool (20) rotates one revolution, a second numerical reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) is generated; the second numerical value is smaller than the first numerical value (L).

[1037] 35. The method of any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[1038] A reference position signal value (PS; 1; 1C, 0%) is generated based on detection of a rotational position mark (180), wherein rotation of the rotational position mark (180) indicates rotation of the rotating tool (20).

[1039] 36. The method of example 32, wherein:

[1040] Based on the detection of the rotational position mark (180), a reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) is generated at least once every time the rotating tool (20) rotates one circle, wherein the rotation of the rotational position mark (180) indicates the rotation of the rotating tool (20).

[1041] 37. The method of example 36, wherein:

[1042] At least one of the following:

[1043] a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%), and

[1044] The second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) is generated by calculation based on the first number (L).

[1045] 38. The method of example 36, wherein:

[1046] At least one of the following:

[1047] a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%), and

[1048] A second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) is generated at an angular position wherein one complete rotation of the tool is virtually or mathematically divided into a third number of mutually equal parts.

[1049] 39. The method of Example 38, wherein:

[1050] The third number is equal to the first number; and wherein the mutually equal portions correspond to the first number of equal distances between tool edges (310).

[1051] 40. The method of any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1052] The tool cutting edges (310) are substantially equidistant from one another.

[1053] 41. The method of any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[1054] Record the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[1055] The occurrence of event signatures in the time series of recorded vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) is detected.

[1056] 42. The method of any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1057] The event signature is the peak amplitude, and / or the average amplitude, and / or the ratio between the peak amplitude and the average amplitude.

[1058] 43. The method of any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[1059] A single vibration sample value (Se(i), S(j), S(q)) is associated with a single position signal sample value (P(i), P(j), P(q)).

[1060] 44. The method of any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[1061] Based on the second time relationship (R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) to generate the value indicating the instantaneous rotation speed (f ROT ) data:

[1062] a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) and a second occurrence of a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%);

[1063] Instantaneous rotation speed value (f ROT ), indicating the rotation speed (f ROT ).

[1064] 45. The method of any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[1065] Recording a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)) in a memory; and

[1066] Record the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) in the memory;

[1067] The step of detecting the occurrence of the reference position signal value (1; 1C) comprises:

[1068] The occurrence of a reference position signal value (1; 1C) in the time series of recorded position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)) is detected.

[1069] 46. ​​The method of any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1070] The first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates a first tool wear state of a machine (10) comprising a tool (5) for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece (30).

[1071] 47. The method of any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1072] The first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates a first tool wear state of a machine comprising a tool for shearing and / or forming a raw material workpiece.

[1073] 49. The method of any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1074] The event signature is the peak amplitude, and / or the average amplitude, and / or the ratio between the peak amplitude and the average amplitude.

[1075] 50. The method of any one of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1076] Rotation speed (f ROT ) is the variable rotation speed (f ROT ).

[1077] Example 51 relates to a system for shearing a material, the system comprising:

[1078] A machine (10) having a tool (20) which rotates at a speed (f ROT ) is rotated about an axis (60) for shearing a stock material (30); wherein the tool has a first number (L) of tool edges (310) configured to engage the stock material, the tool edges being arranged at equal mutual distances on a periphery of the tool; the first number (L) being at least two;

[1079] The vibration sensor (70) is configured to detect mechanical vibration (V) from a tool edge (310) for joining a raw material (30). IMP ) generates an analog measurement signal (S EA );

[1080] a position sensor (170) configured to generate a position signal indicative of a rotational position of the rotating tool;

[1081] Signal recorder, suitable for recording

[1082] -Digital measurement data signal (S MD , S ENV , S MD )’s time series of measured sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)), and

[1083] - the time series of position signal values ​​(P(i)), and

[1084] - Time information (i, dt; j)

[1085] Make

[1086] A single measurement data value (S(j)) is associated with data indicating the time of occurrence of the single measurement data value (S(j)), and such that

[1087] The individual position signal values ​​(P(i)) are associated with data indicating a time of occurrence of the individual position signal values ​​(P(i));

[1088] a signal processor adapted to detect the occurrence of amplitude peaks in the time series of recorded measurement sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j));

[1089] The signal processor is suitable for generating

[1090] A second number of reference position signals per tool rotation, the second number of reference position signals being

[1091] Based on the position signals being generated at equal angular distances; the second number being equal to the first number; and

[1092] Data indicating the time duration between the occurrence of a reference position signal value and the occurrence of a peak amplitude value.

[1093] Example 52 relates to a system for monitoring the wear state of a tool of a machine (10) having a tool (20) rotating at a speed (f ROT ) is rotated about an axis (60) for shearing a raw material (30); the tool (20) has a tool edge attachment device (22) including a first number (L) of tool edges (310), the tool edges being configured to engage the material when the tool (20) is rotated about the axis (60), the system comprising:

[1094] Device (170, 180) for generating a position signal (E) indicating the rotational position of a rotating tool (20) P , P(i), P(j), P(q)), the position signal includes a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[1095] Sensor (70, 70 SUP , 70 TOOL , 330), is configured to generate a mechanical vibration (V IMP ) generates a vibration signal (S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)); vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes the time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[1096] a state parameter extractor (450) configured to detect a first occurrence of a first reference position signal value (1; 1C, 0%) in a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[1097] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to detect a second occurrence of a second reference position signal value (1; 1C; 100%) in the time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q));

[1098] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to detect event signatures (S P (r); S P ) the third occurrence;

[1099] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate a value indicating a first tool wear state (X1, R T (r); T D FI(r)), wherein the generated data includes a determined vibration amplitude value corresponding to a rotational position of at least one tool edge (310) engaging the raw material (30), and wherein the determined amplitude and rotational position set is based on the vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) and position signal (E P , P(i), P(j), P(q)).

[1100] 53. The system according to example 52, wherein the machine (10) is arranged to generate a value indicative of a first tool wear state (X1, R T(r); T D ; FI(r)) is at the first tool wear state limit value (X1 LIMIT ) except for the following:

[1101] - stop the process,

[1102] - initializing the replacement of the tool (20), the tool edge (310) and / or parts thereof,

[1103] - performing an automated process for changing the tool (20), the tool edge (310) and / or parts thereof,

[1104] - adjusting the operating mode of the machine (10), and / or

[1105] - generating a visual and / or acoustic signal for an operator at the machine (10) based on the tool wear state of the tool (20).

[1106] 54. The system of example 52 or 53, wherein:

[1107] The regulator is configured to adjust the tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) to control the raw material feed rate set point (R S S P ), and among them,

[1108] Raw material feed rate (R S ) depends on the raw material feed rate set point (R S S P ), raw material feed rate (R S ) is the amount of raw material fed into the machine (10) per unit time.

[1109] 55. The system of example 52, 53, or 54, wherein:

[1110] The regulator is configured to adjust the tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) to control the rotation speed set point (f ROT_SP ), and among them,

[1111] Rotation speed (f ROT ) depends on the rotation speed set point (f ROT_SP ).

[1112] 56. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1113] The first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); TD ; FI(r)) indicates the ratio of the distance between two adjacent tool edges (310).

[1114] 57. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1115] The first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) indicates the position of the tool edge (310) engaging the raw material (30).

[1116] 58. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1117] The event signature indicates the impact force (F) generated when the tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30). IMP ).

[1118] 59. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1119] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate a first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) as the phase angle (FI(r)).

[1120] 60. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1121] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate an event signature as a peak value of the amplitude (S P (r); Sp; | C L (r)|; |C1(r)|), and / or the average amplitude, and / or the ratio between the peak amplitude and the average amplitude.

[1122] 61. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1123] The state parameter extractor (450) includes a Fourier transformer configured to generate a first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)), the first tool wear state value includes a frequency amplitude value of at least one frequency interval.

[1124] 62. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1125] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to count the total number of samples (N) from the first occurrence to the second occurrence. B ),and

[1126] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to count another number of samples (N) from the first occurrence to the third occurrence. P ),and

[1127] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate a first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[1128] 63. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1129] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to calculate the total number of samples (N) from the first occurrence to the second occurrence. B ),and

[1130] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to count another number of samples (N) from the first occurrence to the third occurrence. P ),and

[1131] The state parameter extractor (450) is configured to generate a first tool wear state value (R) based on a relationship between another quantity and the total number. T (r); T D ; FI(r)), where:

[1132] The relationship between the other quantity and the total number is indicative of the tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) interacting with the raw material workpiece (30).

[1133] Example 64 relates to a method for determining and visualizing a tool wear state in a machine (10) having a tool (20) that rotates at a speed (f ROT ) is rotated about an axis (60) for shearing a raw material (30); wherein the rotatable tool (20) has a certain number (L) of tool edges (310) for engaging the material (30) as the tool rotates, thereby resulting in a rotation speed (f) that depends on the rotation speed of the rotatable tool (20) ROT ) repetition frequency (f R ) mechanical vibration (V IMP ),

[1134] The method includes:

[1135] - receiving a measurement signal (E) indicating the rotational position of the rotating tool P , P(i), P(j), P(q)); and

[1136] -Receive indication vibration (V IMP ) signal (S FIMP ;S EA , SMD , Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[1137] - determining a value (X1; R) indicating the interaction of the tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) with the raw material workpiece (30) based on the vibration signal and the position signal T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[1138] 65. The method of example 64, wherein a signal indicative of a rotational position of a rotating tool is received (E P , P(i), P(j), P(q)) includes measuring the rotation at the rotatable tool (20) using at least one sensor 170.

[1139] 66. The method of example 64 or 65, wherein receiving an indication vibration (V IMP ) signal (S FIMP ;S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes: measuring vibrations at the rotatable tool (20) using at least one sensor 70, and / or measuring vibrations at the raw material (30) using at least one sensor 70, and / or measuring vibrations at the support 21 for the raw material (30) using at least one sensor 70.

[1140] 67. The method of any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[1141] - based on values ​​(X1, R) indicating the interaction of the tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) with the raw material workpiece (30) T (r); T D ; FI(r)) to control the machine (10).

[1142] 68. The method of any of the preceding examples, further comprising:

[1143] - providing a value (X1, R) indicating the interaction of the tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) with the raw material workpiece (30) T (r); T D ; Visual representation of FI(r)).

[1144] 69. The method of example 68, wherein providing a visual representation comprises providing a polar plot representing the values ​​(X1, R T (r); T D ; A time series of FI(r) indicating the vibration amplitude and rotational position of the tool edge (310) of the rotating tool (20) interacting with the raw material workpiece (30).

[1145] 70. An exemplary computer program for performing a method according to any one of the preceding examples, the computer program comprising computer program code means adapted to perform the steps of a method according to any one of the preceding examples when the computer program is operated on a computer.

[1146] 71. The computer program according to any of the preceding examples, embodied on a computer readable medium.

[1147] Example 72 relates to a method for monitoring the wear state of a tool of a machine (10) having a rotatable tool (20) having a number (L) of tool edges (310) for engaging material as the tool rotates, resulting in a wear state that is dependent on the rotational speed (f) of the tool (20). ROT ) repetition frequency (f R ) vibration (V IMP ),

[1148] The system (150) includes:

[1149] Monitoring unit (150A), for receiving

[1150] Signal indicating the rotation position of the rotating tool (E P , P(i), P(j), P(q)), and

[1151] Indicator vibration (V IMP ) signal (S FIMP ;S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)),

[1152] The monitoring unit is configured to extract a value (R) indicating the interaction of a tool edge (310) of a rotating tool (20) with a raw material workpiece (30) from the vibration signal and the position signal. T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[1153] 73. The system according to example 72, wherein the monitoring unit is arranged to receive

[1154] A signal (E) including a time series of sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) of vibration indicating the rotational position of the rotating tool P , P(i), P(j), P(q)); and

[1155] A signal (S) comprising a time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)) indicating vibration FIMP ;S EA , SMD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)); and

[1156] The monitoring unit is arranged to detect

[1157] the first occurrence of a first reference position signal value in the time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)),

[1158] a second occurrence of a second reference position signal value in the time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)), and

[1159] The event signature (S P (r); S P ) occurs.

[1160] 74. The system according to example 73, wherein the monitoring unit is arranged to determine a value (R) indicative of a tool edge (310) of a rotating tool (20) interacting with a raw material workpiece (30) based on the vibration signal and the position signal. T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[1161] 75. The system according to example 73 or 74, wherein the monitoring unit is arranged to determine

[1162] a first duration between a first occurrence and a second occurrence of the first reference position signal value,

[1163] a second duration between the occurrence of the event signature and the first occurrence and / or the second occurrence of the first reference position signal value, and

[1164] The monitoring unit is arranged to generate a value indicating a first tool wear state (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)) data.

[1165] 76. System according to example 75, wherein the monitoring unit is arranged to determine the tool wear state of the machine (10) based on:

[1166] Operating point limit (FI LIMIT (r)),

[1167] The first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)), and

[1168] Operating point error value (FI ERR(r)), where

[1169] Operating point error value (FI ERR (r)) depends on

[1170] Operating point limit (FI LIMIT (r)), and

[1171] The first tool wear state value (X1, R T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[1172] 77. The system according to any one of examples 72 to 76, comprising a measuring unit comprising at least one sensor (70, 170) arranged at the machine (10) and arranged to

[1173] Providing a signal (E) indicating the rotational position of the rotating tool (20) P , P(i), P(j), P(q)), and

[1174] Provides vibration indication (V IMP ) signal (S FIMP ;S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)).

[1175] 78. The system according to example 77, wherein the measuring unit comprises at least one vibration sensor, wherein the vibration sensor

[1176] - arranged at the rotatable tool (20) to generate a vibration signal (S FIMP ;S EA ;S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)); and / or

[1177] - arranged at a raw material workpiece (30) during operation, generating a vibration signal (S FIMP ;S EA ;S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)); and / or

[1178] - arranged at the support (21) and configured to come into contact with the raw material workpiece (30) during operation, generating a vibration signal (S FIMP ;S EA ;S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[1179] The vibration sensor is configured to generate a vibration signal based on vibrations exhibited by the rotatable tool (20) engaging the raw material workpiece (30).

[1180] 79. The system according to example 77 or 78, wherein the measuring unit comprises at least one position sensor configured to generate a position signal indicative of a predetermined rotational position of the rotatable tool (20).

[1181] 80. A system according to Example 79, wherein at least one position marker (180) is provided at the rotatable tool (20), wherein at least one position sensor is arranged to detect the at least one position marker (180), and wherein the position signal comprises a time series of position signal values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)).

[1182] 82. The system according to any of the examples 77 or 78, wherein the measuring unit, the monitoring unit and / or the control unit are arranged at different locations and are arranged to communicate via a communication network.

[1183] 83. The system according to example 82, wherein the monitoring unit and / or the control unit is arranged at a location geographically remote from the machine (10).

[1184] 84. System according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the monitoring unit and the measuring unit are arranged at the machine (10).

[1185] 85. The system of any one of the preceding examples, wherein the measuring unit comprises:

[1186] The first sensor is used to generate a first vibration signal (S FIMP ;S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)); the first sensor is configured to generate a first vibration signal based on vibration exhibited at a first portion of the rotatable tool (20); and

[1187] The second sensor is used to generate a second vibration signal (S FIMP ;S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)); the second sensor is configured to generate a second vibration signal based on vibration exhibited at a second portion of the rotatable tool (20);

[1188] The monitoring unit is arranged to detect an event signature (S P (r); S P ) the fourth occurrence;

[1189] The monitoring unit is configured to detect an event signature (S P (r); S P ) the fifth occurrence;

[1190] The monitoring unit is configured to generate data indicating an occurrence order between the fourth occurrence and the fifth occurrence; and

[1191] Determining a first tool wear state value (X1, R) indicating the interaction between a tool edge (310) of a rotating tool (20) and a raw material workpiece (30) T (r); T D ; FI(r)).

[1192] Example 86 relates to a computer-implemented method of representing on a screen display (210S) of a digital monitoring system a tool wear condition during a shearing process in a machine (10) having a tool (20) rotating at a speed (f ROT ) is rotated about an axis (60) for shearing a raw material (30); wherein the rotatable tool (20) has a certain number (L) of tool edges (310) for engaging the material (30) as the tool rotates, thereby resulting in a rotation speed (f) that depends on the rotation speed of the rotatable tool (20) ROT ) repetition frequency (f R ) mechanical vibration (V IMP ),

[1193] The method includes:

[1194] - receiving a signal (E) indicating the rotational position of the rotating tool (20) P , P(i), P(j), P(q)),

[1195] -Based on the position signal (E P , P(i), P(j), P(q)) to generate position reference values ​​(1; 1C, 0%, 100%), so that each time the rotatable tool (20) makes one revolution, the position reference value is provided a first number of times, the first number of position reference values ​​indicating a first number of predetermined rotational positions of the rotatable tool (20), and

[1196] - receiving mechanical vibrations (V) emitted from the rotation of the tool (20) IMP ) vibration signal (S FIMP ;S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[1197] Detection of vibration signal (S FIMP ;S EA , SMD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) in the event signature (S P (r); S P ) occurs;

[1198] -Display on screen display (210S)

[1199] Polar coordinate system, which has

[1200] Reference point (O), and

[1201] Reference direction (0, 360); and

[1202] At least a first tool wear status indicator (S P1 , T D1 ), indicating the first polar angle (T D1 ) in the shearing process,

[1203] The first polar angle (T D1 ) indicates that the event signature (S P (r); S P ) occurs.

[1204] 87. The method of any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1205] The first number is at least two and / or

[1206] The first quantity is equal to a certain quantity.

[1207] 88. The method of any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1208] The vibration signal comprises a time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)); and wherein,

[1209] Detection includes: event signature (S P (r); S P ) occurs, and / or

[1210] Detection includes: based on receiving vibration signal (S FIMP ;S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)), detect the event signature (S P (r); S P ) amplitude.

[1211] Example 89 relates to a computer-implemented method for representing a tool wear status of a shearing process in a machine (10) on a screen display (210S) of a digital tool edge monitoring system, the method for generating and displaying information related to the shearing process in:

[1212] A machine (10) having a tool (20) which rotates at a speed (f ROT ) is rotated about an axis (60) for shearing a raw material (30); wherein the rotatable tool (20) has a certain number (L) of tool edges (310) for engaging the material (30) as the tool rotates, thereby resulting in a rotation speed (f) that depends on the rotation speed of the rotatable tool (20) ROT ) repetition frequency (f R ) mechanical vibration (V IMP ),

[1213] The method includes:

[1214] Receives a signal (E) indicating the rotational position of the rotating tool (20) P , P(i), P(j), P(q)),

[1215] - receiving mechanical vibrations (V IMP ) vibration signal (S FIMP ;S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[1216] -Detection of vibration signal (S FIMP ;S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) in the event signature (S P (r); S P ) occurs;

[1217] -Display on screen display

[1218] Polar coordinate system, which has

[1219] Reference point (O), and

[1220] Reference direction (0, 360); and

[1221] At least a first tool wear status indicator (S P1 , T D1 ), indicating the first polar angle (T D1 ) in the shearing process,

[1222] The first polar angle (T D1) indicates the event signature ((S P The time duration (T) between the occurrence of the rotation reference position of the rotating tool and the occurrence of the rotation reference position of the rotating tool D1 ), and / or

[1223] The first polar angle (T D1 ) indicates that the event signature (S P (r); S P ) occurs when the tool (20) is in a determined rotational position.

[1224] 90. The method of any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1225] The first tool wear state indicator object (S P1 , T D1 ) on the screen display with a first radius (S P1 )show.

[1226] 91. The method of any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1227] The first tool wear state indicator object (S P1 , T D1 ) on the screen display with a first radius (S P1 ) shows, and wherein,

[1228] The first radius (S P1 ) and at the polar angle (T D1 ) to determine the vibration amplitude (V IMP ) is directly related; the determined amplitude indicates the impact force (F) generated when the tool edge (310) interacts with the raw material workpiece (30) IMP ).

[1229] 92. The method of any of the preceding examples, wherein:

[1230] The vibration signal includes a time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q));

[1231] Example 93 relates to a system for monitoring a tool wear condition of a machine including a rotatable tool configured with a certain number (L) of tool edges for engaging a workpiece of raw material as the tool rotates, thereby causing vibrations having a repetition frequency that depends on the rotational speed of the tool,

[1232] The system includes:

[1233] -Monitoring unit for receiving

[1234] a position signal indicative of a predetermined rotational position of the rotating tool, the position signal comprising a time sequence of position signal values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)); and

[1235] Signal indicating vibration (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)); vibration signal (S EA , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) includes a time series of vibration sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j), S(q)); wherein,

[1236] The monitoring unit is configured to generate a position reference value based on the position signal, such that a first number of position reference values ​​is provided for each revolution of the tool, the first number of position reference values ​​indicating a first number of predetermined rotational positions of the rotatable tool, the first number of predetermined rotational positions corresponding to positions of a tool edge of the rotatable tool; the first number is at least two and / or the first number is at most equal to a certain number; and wherein,

[1237] The monitoring unit is configured to extract a signal signature from the vibration signal that occurs when the tool edge (310) engages the raw material workpiece (30); the signal signature is extracted from the vibration signal a certain number (L) of times per each revolution of the tool;

[1238] The monitoring unit is configured as

[1239] measuring a first duration from an occurrence of a first position reference value to an occurrence of a second position reference value;

[1240] Measures the second duration between:

[1241] between the occurrence of the signal signature and the occurrence of the first position reference value, or

[1242] between the occurrence of the signal signature and the occurrence of the second position reference value; and

[1243] A relationship value is generated based on the second duration and the first duration; the relationship value indicates an instantaneous position of the raw material workpiece (30) between two predetermined rotational positions of the rotatable tool (20) during tool rotation.

[1244] 94. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the monitoring unit is arranged to extract the signal signature from the vibration signal a certain number of times per revolution of the tool.

[1245] 95. A system according to any of the preceding examples, wherein the monitoring unit is configured to generate a cyclic position value at least once during one rotation of the tool (20), and / or to generate a cyclic position value a certain number of times during one rotation of the tool (20), and / or to generate a cyclic position value a...

Claims

1. A system (5) for shearing a material, the system comprising: A machine (10) comprising a tool (20) which is rotated at a speed (f ROT ) is rotatable about an axis (60) for shearing a raw material workpiece; wherein the tool (20) has at least one tool edge (310) configured to engage the raw material workpiece (30); A vibration sensor (70) is configured to detect mechanical vibrations (V) originating from the rotation of the tool (20). IMP ) generates an analog measurement signal (S EA ); a position sensor (170) configured to generate a position signal indicative of a rotational position of the rotating tool; The state parameter extractor (450) is arranged to record -Digital measurement data signal (S MD , S ENV , S MD )’s time series of measured sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)), and - a time series of position signal values ​​(P(i)), and - time information (i, dt; j), The state parameter extractor (450) is arranged to determine at least one tool wear state value (R) indicative of a tool wear state (X) of the tool (20). T (r); T D ;FI(r); X1(r))。 2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The state parameter extractor (450) comprises: Tool speed detector (500), a speed variation compensation decimator (470), and Fast Fourier Transformer (510, FFT); wherein, The tool speed detector (500) is configured to receive a time series of measurement sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)), and receiving said time series of said position signal values ​​(P(i)), and For the received measurement sample values ​​(S(j)), the instantaneous rotation speed (f ROT (j)); and The tool speed detector (500) is configured to output or transmit a set of signals (S(j), P(j), f ROT (j)), wherein the set of signals comprises: Measure the signal sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)), and The position signal sample value (P(i)), and The instantaneous rotating tool speed (f ROT (j)); and wherein, The speed variation compensation extractor (470) is configured to receive a set of signals (S(j), P(j), f(j)) output by the tool speed detector (500) ROT (j)), and A set of signals (S(q), P(q), f) is generated for predetermined fractions of the tool rotation. ROT ) samples, thereby generating a signal of the same orientation of the tool (20) for each revolution, which is different from the rotation speed (f ROT ) is irrelevant; and wherein, The fast Fourier transformer (510) is configured to calculate a fundamental frequency (f ROT ) has a magnitude of at least two orders of magnitude.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The state parameter extractor (450) comprises: Tool speed detector (500), a speed variation compensation extractor (470), a time synchronized averager (471) TSA, and Fast Fourier Transformer (510), FFT; wherein, The tool speed detector (500) is configured to receive a time series of measurement sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)), and Determine the instantaneous rotating tool speed (f ROT (j)) and output (S(j), P(j), f ROT (j)); The speed variation compensation extractor (470) is configured to receive the output of the tool speed detector (500) and generate a set of signals (S(q), P(q), f(q)) for a predetermined fraction of the tool rotation. ROT ) samples, thereby generating a signal at the same position of the tool (20) for each revolution, which is different from the rotation speed (f ROT ) is irrelevant; among them, A time synchronized averager (TSA) is arranged to receive the output of the speed variation compensation extractor (470) and calculate an average measurement sample value (S(q)) based on the received measurement sample values ​​(S(q)) corresponding to the same tool position for at least two revolutions. TSA ); and wherein, The fast Fourier transformer 510 is configured to generate an average measurement sample value (S) calculated by the time synchronized averager (TSA, 410). TSA ) to calculate the fundamental frequency (f ROT ) has a magnitude of at least two orders of magnitude.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The state parameter extractor (450) comprises: Tool speed detector (500), a speed variation compensation decimator (470), and A time synchronized averager (471, TSA); wherein, The tool speed detector (500) is configured to receive a time series of measurement sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)) and determine a rotation speed (f ROT ) and output a set of signals (S(j), P(j), f ROT (j)), wherein the set of signals comprises: Measure the signal sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)), and The position signal sample value (P(i)), and The instantaneous rotating tool speed (f ROT (j)); where The speed variation compensation extractor (470) is configured to receive the output of the tool speed detector (500) and generate a set of signals (S(q), P(q), f(q)) for each predetermined fraction of the tool rotation. ROT ) samples, thereby generating a signal of the same orientation of the tool (20) for each revolution, which is different from the rotation speed (f ROT ) is irrelevant; among them, The time synchronized averager (471, TSA) is arranged to receive the output of the speed variation compensation extractor (470) and calculate an average measurement sample value (S(q)) based on the received measurement sample values ​​(S(q)) corresponding to the same tool position of at least two revolutions. TSA ).

5. The system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein: The state parameter extractor (450) is arranged to output the average measurement sample value (S) calculated by the time synchronized averager (471, TSA) TSA ) and the corresponding position signal value (P TSA ); Among them, the average measurement sample value (S TSA ) is based on a time series of measurement sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)) from at least two rotations of the tool 20.

6. A system according to any preceding claim, further comprising: A user interface (210, 210S) for presenting a tool wear status value; and wherein the state parameter extractor (450) is arranged to provide to the user interface (210, 210S), The average sample value (S) calculated by TSA (471) TSA ) and the corresponding position signal value (P TSA ), and / or The frequency amplitude and the corresponding frequency interval calculated by the fast Fourier transformer (510); and wherein, The user interface (210, 210S) is arranged to receive and present a value indicative of a tool wear state (X).

7. A method of operating a machine (10) comprising a tool (20, 22) having a tool edge portion (310; 310I(r); 310II(r); 310L(r)) for forming and / or shearing a raw material workpiece (30), when a) the raw material workpiece (30) is rotated relative to the tool edge portion (310) at a rotation speed (U1, f ROT ) is rotated to produce a product workpiece (95; 96), or when b) the tool cutting edge portion (310) rotates relative to the raw material workpiece (30) at a rotation speed (U1, f ROT ) rotates to produce a product workpiece (95; 96)， This results in a value that depends on the rotation speed (U1, f ROT )’s first repetition frequency (f R ) vibration (V PENF ); The method comprises: Receiving an indication of the vibration (V PENF ) of the vibration signal (S FPENF ; S EA , S MD ,Se(i),S(j),S(q)); In the vibration signal (S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) to detect the vibration signal signature; generating spectral data based on the vibration signal signature, At least two amplitude values ​​are generated based on the spectrum data; wherein, The first amplitude value indicates that the signal frequency is the first repetition frequency (f R )’s sine wave amplitude; and The second amplitude value indicates that the signal frequency is the first repetition frequency (f R ) is an integer multiple of the amplitude of a sine wave; generating at least one relationship value based on at least two amplitude values; wherein the at least one relationship value indicates the tool edge portion (310; 310I(r); 310II(r); 310L(r))’s wear status (X).

8. The method according to claim 7, further comprising: receiving a reference signal, the reference signal comprising: Indicates the rotation speed (U1, f ROT ) speed signal, and / or Position signal indicating the rotation position (E P , P(i), P(j), P(q)); and Spectral data is generated based on the vibration signal signature and the reference signal.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, further comprising: recorded by the state parameter extractor (450), -Vibration signal (S FPENF ; S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)), and - a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i)), and - time information (i, dt; j) enabling a single measurement sample value (S(j)) to be associated with data indicating the time (i, dt; j) and the rotational position (P(i)), At least one tool wear state value (R) indicating a tool wear state (X) of a tool (20) is determined by the state parameter extractor (450) based on the time series of the recorded measurement sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)). T (r); T D ; FI(r); X1(r)), The time series of recorded position signal sample values ​​(P(i)), and The recorded time information (i, dt; j).

10. The method according to claim 7, 8 or 9, further comprising: The instantaneous rotation speed (f ROT (j)); as well as The speed detector (500) transmits a set of signals (S(j), P(j), f ROT (j)), wherein the set of signals comprises: Measure the signal sample values ​​(Se(i), S(j)), and The position signal sample value (P(i)), and The instantaneous rotating tool speed (f ROT (j)); and The set of signals (S(j), P(j), f ROT (j)); and The set of signals (S(q), P(q), f(q)) for a predetermined number of rotational positions is generated by the speed variation compensation extractor (470). ROT ) samples, thereby generating a signal with the same rotational orientation for each revolution, which is different from the rotational speed (f ROT ) is not related to; and The base frequency (f ROT ), wherein the calculated amplitude includes the first amplitude value and the second amplitude value.

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