Antenna gain determination method and device, electronic equipment and readable storage medium
By constructing an equivalent virtual plane and measuring its electric field energy, the problem of measuring antenna gain feeding through the air interface is solved, and accurate calibration of antenna gain, including RIS is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202311547781.1
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2023-11-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-20
AI Technical Summary
It is difficult for the prior art to accurately measure the gain of antennas including RIS that are fed through the air port, especially the reflective antennas that cannot directly feed energy through the cable, resulting in the inapplicability of traditional methods.
By constructing an equivalent virtual plane that is equivalent to the diameter of the antenna to be tested, the electric field energy of multiple preset points on the equivalent virtual plane is obtained, the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual plane is determined, and the gain of the antenna to be tested is calibrated based on this.
Accurate measurement of antenna gain, including RIS, which is fed through the air interface, solves the problem that traditional methods cannot be applied to air interface feeding systems.
Smart Images
Figure CN120020569A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of antenna gain measurement, and particularly to a method, device, electronic device and readable storage medium for determining antenna gain. Background Art
[0002] Gain is one of the most important indicators of an antenna system, and it will be calibrated in an anechoic chamber before the antenna is put into use. In related technologies, the general test scheme is to connect one end of a vector network analyzer to the antenna system to be measured and the other end to a receiving antenna. After the antenna system to be measured is tested by the vector network analyzer, the antenna system to be measured is replaced with a standard gain antenna, and the same method is used to test the standard gain antenna again. After both are measured, the gain of the antenna system to be measured is calibrated by comparing the differences between the standard gain antenna and the antenna system to be measured. However, this method requires that the antenna system to be measured can meet the condition of directly feeding energy through a cable. However, as a RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface), which is a reflector antenna, cannot directly feed energy through a cable but is fed through the air interface. At this time, the fed energy received by the antenna is unknown. Therefore, this scheme is no longer applicable to measuring the gain of devices that feed energy through the air interface for antenna systems including RIS. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to provide a method, device, electronic device and readable storage medium for determining antenna gain, aiming to solve the technical problem of how to accurately measure the gain of antennas including RIS that are fed through the air interface.
[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a method for determining antenna gain, including: Obtaining the electric field energy at multiple preset points on an equivalent virtual surface, where the equivalent virtual surface is determined based on the antenna to be measured; Determining the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface according to the electric field energy at the multiple preset points; Calibrating the gain of the antenna to be measured based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface.
[0005] In addition, to achieve the above purpose, the present application further provides a device for determining antenna gain, including: A virtual surface determination module configured to obtain the electric field energy at multiple preset points on an equivalent virtual surface, where the equivalent virtual surface is determined based on the antenna to be measured; An energy detection module configured to determine the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface according to the electric field energy at the multiple preset points; A gain calibration module configured to calibrate the gain of the antenna to be measured based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface.
[0006] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides an electronic device, which includes: a memory, a processor, and an antenna gain determination program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the antenna gain determination program is executed by the processor, the antenna gain determination method as described above is implemented.
[0007] In addition, to achieve the above object, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which an antenna gain determination program is stored. When the antenna gain determination program is executed by a processor, the antenna gain determination method as described above is implemented.
[0008] The present application proposes an antenna gain determination method, device, electronic device, and readable storage medium. In the antenna gain determination method, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is to obtain the electric field energy at multiple preset points on an equivalent virtual surface, where the equivalent virtual surface is determined based on the antenna to be measured. Then, according to the electric field energy at the multiple preset points, the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface is determined, and based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface, the gain of the antenna to be measured is calibrated. Thus, the embodiment of the present application measures the total electric field energy collected by the antenna to be measured by constructing an equivalent virtual surface equivalent to the aperture of the reconfigurable intelligent metasurface. Then, based on the total electric field energy collected by the antenna to be measured, combined with the EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of the entire antenna system, the gain of the metasurface can be calibrated, and thus it is possible to effectively and accurately measure the antenna gain including the RIS fed through the air interface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings.
[0010] Figure 1 It is a schematic flowchart of the first embodiment of the antenna gain determination method of the present application; Figure 2 It is a schematic configuration diagram of measuring the gain of the RIS antenna in a darkroom test in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the equivalent virtual surface in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the energy collection of the equivalent virtual surface in the embodiment of the present application; Figure 5Schematic diagram of the gain test device for testing the gain of the RIS antenna in the embodiments of the present application; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the functional modules of the antenna gain determination device in the embodiments of the present application; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the hardware structure of the electronic device involved in the solution of the embodiments of the present application.
[0011] The implementation, functional characteristics and advantages of the purpose of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Specific embodiments
[0012] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.
[0013] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
[0014] It should be noted that all the directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back...) in the embodiments of the present application are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement conditions between components in a specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly.
[0015] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "connection", "fixation", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or integrated; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two components or the interaction relationship between two components, unless otherwise clearly limited. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to specific situations.
[0016] In addition, in the present application, the descriptions such as "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In addition, the technical solutions between various embodiments can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that those of ordinary skill in the art can implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the protection scope required by the present application.
[0017] In the related art, the general test scheme is to connect one end of the vector network analyzer to the antenna system under test and the other end to the receiving antenna. After the antenna system under test is tested by the vector network analyzer, the antenna system under test is replaced with a standard gain antenna, and the same method is used to test the standard gain antenna. After both are tested, the gain of the antenna system under test is calibrated by comparing the differences between the standard gain antenna and the antenna system under test. However, this method requires that the antenna system under test can meet the condition of directly feeding energy through a cable. However, as a reflector antenna, RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface) cannot directly feed energy through a cable, but is fed through the air interface. At this time, the fed energy received by the antenna is unknown. Therefore, this scheme is no longer applicable to the gain measurement of devices that feed energy through the air interface for antenna systems including RIS.
[0018] To solve the problem that the gain of the reflector antenna cannot be measured, currently, the gain of the reflector antenna is generally not examined alone, but the gain of the entire reflector antenna system with a feed source installed is directly measured; for some scenarios with higher requirements, there are also methods to obtain the gain of the reflector antenna through multiple measurements and calculations. However, these methods can only evaluate the gain of the system and cannot directly obtain the gain of the reflector antenna, nor can they directly obtain the gain of the antenna system fed through the air interface.
[0019] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for determining antenna gain, referring to Figure 1 , Figure 1 which is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a method for determining antenna gain in the present application. In this embodiment, the method for determining antenna gain includes: Step S10, obtaining the electric field energy at multiple preset points on the equivalent virtual surface, where the equivalent virtual surface is determined based on the antenna under test; In this embodiment, the antenna under test is an air interface excitation antenna. For example, it can be an air interface excitation antenna such as a reconfigurable intelligent surface. As is known to those skilled in the art, a reconfigurable intelligent surface can also be referred to as a "reconfigurable intelligent surface" or an "intelligent reflection surface", and its English is RIS (Reconfigurable Intelligence Surface) or IRS (Intelligent Reflection Surface). A reconfigurable intelligent surface is an artificial electromagnetic surface structure with programmable electromagnetic characteristics, which is composed of a large number of carefully designed electromagnetic units arranged. Through a control circuit, the electromagnetic properties of the electromagnetic units can be dynamically regulated to achieve intelligent reconstruction of the wireless signal propagation characteristics in three-dimensional space, thereby breaking through the limitations of the passive adaptation of the traditional wireless environment. As a basic innovative technology, the reconfigurable intelligent surface has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption, and easy deployment. Its application scenarios include deterministic wireless transmission, wireless coverage blind spot filling, wireless coverage expansion, wireless system capacity enhancement, coverage of special scenarios such as indoor carriages, etc., and has broad prospects for technological development and engineering applications.
[0020] The antenna gain determination method in this embodiment can be applied in an anechoic chamber to measure the gain of an air interface feeding system such as a reconfigurable intelligent surface RIS.
[0021] Among them, the equivalent virtual surface is determined based on the antenna under test. Specifically, the equivalent virtual surface can be determined based on the first surface of the antenna under test. It should be noted that the first surface refers to the surface of the antenna under test where the electromagnetic wave transmitted by the transmitting end antenna (such as a feeding horn) is received. Among them, the equivalent virtual surface refers to a virtual surface with a caliber size, spatial orientation angle, and spatial position (i.e., pose) equivalent to those of the first surface of the antenna under test. Specifically, the size deviation between the caliber size of the equivalent virtual surface and the caliber size of the antenna under test (specifically, the caliber size of the first surface of the antenna under test) is less than a preset size threshold, and / or the pose deviation between the pose of the equivalent virtual surface and the pose of the antenna under test (specifically, the pose of the first surface of the antenna under test) is less than a preset pose threshold.
[0022] As is known to those skilled in the art, the pose can include position and angle. Therefore, "the pose deviation between the pose of the equivalent virtual surface and the pose of the antenna under test is less than a preset pose threshold" can be understood as: the angle deviation between the spatial orientation angle of the equivalent virtual surface and the spatial orientation angle of the antenna under test (specifically, the spatial orientation angle of the first surface of the antenna under test) is less than a preset angle threshold, and / or the position deviation between the spatial position of the equivalent virtual surface and the spatial position of the antenna under test (specifically, the spatial position of the first surface of the antenna under test) is less than a preset position deviation threshold.
[0023] Furthermore, the caliber size of the equivalent virtual surface can be determined based on the following method: Take the aperture size of the first surface of the antenna under test as the aperture size of the equivalent virtual surface; Enlarge the aperture size of the first surface of the antenna under test by a first preset ratio to obtain the aperture size of the equivalent virtual surface; or, Reduce the aperture size of the first surface of the antenna under test by a second preset ratio to obtain the aperture size of the equivalent virtual surface.
[0024] Exemplarily, the antenna under test is an intelligent metasurface RIS. Among them, the size deviation between the aperture size of the equivalent virtual surface and the aperture size of the RIS is less than a preset size threshold, and the pose deviation between the pose of the equivalent virtual surface and the pose of the RIS is less than a preset pose threshold.
[0025] In an alternative embodiment, the aperture size of the equivalent virtual surface is the same as the aperture size of the first surface of the antenna under test, and the plane where the equivalent virtual surface is located coincides with or is parallel to the first surface of the antenna under test.
[0026] After step S10, execute step S20 to determine the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface according to the electric field energies at the multiple preset points. Specifically, before installing the antenna under test, detect the electric field energies at multiple preset points on the equivalent virtual surface, and determine the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface according to the electric field energies at each of the preset points. Among them, the total electric field energy of this equivalent virtual surface can be regarded as the total electric field energy collected by the antenna under test. In the subsequent step S30, "calibrate the gain of the antenna under test based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface" can also be regarded as "calibrate the gain of the antenna under test based on the total electric field energy collected by the antenna under test".
[0027] In this embodiment, the equivalent virtual surface may include multiple preset points formed by meshing the equivalent virtual surface (that is, each preset point constitutes a grid lattice layout on the equivalent virtual surface). The total electric field energy collected by the antenna under test can be estimated by collecting the electric field energies at all the preset points on the equivalent virtual surface. Among them, the equivalent virtual surface can be meshed according to the working wavelength.
[0028] In one embodiment, before installing the antenna under test and after turning on the feed horn of the antenna under test, collect the electric field energies at each preset point on the equivalent virtual surface respectively, calculate the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface through interpolation calculation of calculus, and then take the total electric field energy of this equivalent virtual surface as the total electric field energy collected by the antenna under test.
[0029] Exemplarily, the step of obtaining the electric field energies at multiple preset points on the equivalent virtual surface includes: Step A10: Use an energy scanning probe that can move in space to collect the electric field energy at multiple preset points on the equivalent virtual surface point by point.
[0030] In this embodiment, the energy scanning probe can be a probe loaded with a scanning frame. In this embodiment, an energy scanning probe that can move in space is used to collect the electric field energy at multiple preset points on the equivalent virtual surface point by point, so that the electric field energy at each preset point on the equivalent virtual surface can be accurately detected.
[0031] After step S20, execute step S30: Calibrate the gain of the antenna under test based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface.
[0032] Specifically, according to the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface, the total electric field energy collected by the antenna under test can be determined. Then, based on the total electric field energy collected by the antenna under test, the gain of the antenna under test is calibrated, so as to accurately obtain the antenna gain of the antenna under test.
[0033] Specifically, in one example, the embodiment of the present application can generate an equivalent virtual surface based on the size parameters of the first surface of the antenna under test; grid the equivalent virtual surface to obtain a grid dot matrix located on the equivalent virtual surface; collect the electric field strengths at each preset point of the grid dot matrix respectively, and determine the total electric field energy collected by the antenna under test based on the electric field strengths at each preset point; determine the antenna gain of the antenna under test according to the total electric field energy collected by the antenna under test.
[0034] The embodiment of the present application proposes a method for measuring the gain of an air interface feeding system by constructing an equivalent virtual surface. Specifically, the equivalent virtual surface of the antenna under test can be gridded according to the working wavelength, and then an energy scanning probe is used to obtain the electric field at the grid points. Then, the field on the entire equivalent virtual surface is solved by the interpolation method, and then the energy irradiated on the equivalent virtual surface is obtained by integration. This energy is the energy received by the antenna under test. Finally, by comparing the EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of the entire metasurface system with that of a standard gain antenna, the antenna gain of the antenna under test in this configuration can be obtained.
[0035] The present application proposes an antenna gain determination method, apparatus, electronic device, and readable storage medium. In the antenna gain determination method, the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application is to obtain the electric field energy at multiple preset points on an equivalent virtual surface, where the equivalent virtual surface is determined based on the antenna to be measured. Then, according to the electric field energy at the multiple preset points, the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface is determined, and based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface, the gain of the antenna to be measured is calibrated. Thus, the embodiments of the present application measure the total electric field energy collected by the antenna to be measured by constructing an equivalent virtual surface equivalent to the aperture of the reconfigurable antenna to be measured. Then, based on the total electric field energy collected by the antenna to be measured, combined with the EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of the entire antenna system, the gain of the metasurface can be calibrated, and thus accurate measurement of the antenna gain including RIS fed through the air interface can be effectively achieved.
[0036] In a possible implementation manner, in step S30, the step of calibrating the gain of the antenna to be measured based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface includes: Step B10, obtain the first effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the antenna to be measured; In this embodiment, after the antenna to be measured is installed, the first effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the antenna to be measured is detected. Herein, the first EIRP refers to the EIRP of the antenna to be measured. As known to those skilled in the art, EIRP (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power) can also be referred to as equivalent isotropic radiated power (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power). For example, the power radiated by the satellite and earth station transmitting antennas on the beam central axis is called the EIRP of the transmitting device, which is an important index to characterize the transmitting ability.
[0037] After step B10, execute step B20, based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface, obtain the second effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the reference gain antenna at the feeding power corresponding to the total electric field energy, and the gain of the reference gain antenna; In this embodiment, the second EIRP refers to the EIRP of the reference gain antenna at the feeding power corresponding to the total electric field energy. As known to those skilled in the art, since the feeding power fed into the reference gain antenna by the corresponding feeder is a known quantity and adjustable, and the gain of the reference gain antenna is also a known quantity, the second EIRP and the gain of the reference gain antenna can be directly obtained.
[0038] Step B30: Determine the gain of the antenna under test based on the first EIRP, the second EIRP, and the gain of the reference gain antenna.
[0039] Exemplarily, step B30, the step of determining the gain of the antenna under test based on the first EIRP, the second EIRP, and the gain of the reference gain antenna includes: Step C10: Calculate the difference between the first EIRP and the second EIRP to obtain a first EIRP difference. Wherein, the calculation result obtained by subtracting the second EIRP from the first EIRP is the first EIRP difference.
[0040] Step C20: Calculate the sum of the first EIRP difference and the gain of the reference gain antenna to obtain a first target gain. Step C30: Determine the gain of the antenna under test according to the first target gain.
[0041] To further facilitate the understanding of this embodiment, in an example, based on the first EIRP, the second EIRP, and the gain of the reference gain antenna, the gain of the antenna under test is calculated through a first pre-designed calculation formula; The first pre-designed calculation formula is G = G 0 + (P 1 - P 2 ) + N, where G is the gain of the antenna under test, G 0 is the gain of the reference gain antenna, P 1 is the first EIRP, P 2 is the second EIRP, and N is the correction value of the antenna path loss. Among them, (P 1 - P 2 ) is the first EIRP difference.
[0042] In the embodiment of the present application, after the antenna under test is installed, the first effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the antenna under test is obtained, and then the second effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the reference gain antenna under the feeding power corresponding to the total electric field energy, and the gain of the reference gain antenna are obtained. Based on the first EIRP, the second EIRP, and the gain of the reference gain antenna, the antenna gain of the antenna under test can be accurately calculated, solving the problem that in the traditional solution, the gain cannot be calibrated with a standard gain horn antenna because the energy of the space electric field received by the air interface feeding system cannot be measured, and the gain of this type of air interface feeding antenna system can be directly measured and calibrated.
[0043] In a possible implementation manner, before the step of obtaining the electric field energy of multiple preset points on the equivalent virtual surface, the method further includes: Step D10: Perform a preset grid dot matrix process on the equivalent virtual surface to obtain multiple preset points on the equivalent virtual surface, where each preset point is arranged in an array on the equivalent virtual surface.
[0044] In this embodiment, by performing a preset grid dot matrix process on the equivalent virtual surface, multiple preset points on the equivalent virtual surface are obtained. Among them, each preset point is arranged in an array on the equivalent virtual surface, so that each preset point can be evenly arranged on the equivalent virtual surface, which is convenient for accurately calculating the field energy on the equivalent virtual surface by combining the interpolation method later, reducing the interpolation error, and then accurately determining the energy received by the antenna under test.
[0045] Further, in an implementable manner, the step of determining the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface according to the electric field energies of the multiple preset points includes: Step E10: Based on the electric field energies of the multiple preset points, calculate the electric field energies of all points on the equivalent virtual surface by the interpolation method; In this embodiment, the interpolation method refers to interpolating a continuous function on the basis of discrete data, so that the electric field energies of all points on the equivalent virtual surface are obtained by interpolation calculation through the given discrete data points (i.e., the electric field energies of each preset point). Interpolation is an important method for discrete function approximation. Using it, the approximate values of the function at other points can be estimated through the values of the function at a finite number of points. This interpolation method has been studied in depth by those skilled in the art, and this embodiment does not make specific limitations on it.
[0046] After step E10, perform step E20: Based on the electric field energies of all points on the equivalent virtual surface, calculate the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface through integral operation.
[0047] As those skilled in the art know, this integral operation is a kind of calculus operation, and this calculus operation is a conventional operation method in this field and will not be elaborated here.
[0048] In this embodiment, by calculating the electric field energies of all points on the equivalent virtual surface by the interpolation method based on the electric field energies of each preset point, and then through integral operation based on the electric field energies of all points on the equivalent virtual surface, the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface is accurately calculated, which is convenient for accurately calculating the antenna gain of the antenna under test based on this total electric field energy later.
[0049] In an implementable manner, the step of performing a preset grid dot matrix process on the equivalent virtual surface includes: Step F10: Obtain the working wavelength of the antenna system under test; Step F20: Perform a grid dot matrix process on the equivalent virtual surface according to the working wavelength, where the grid size obtained after the grid dot matrix process is a preset ratio of the working wavelength, and the value range of the preset ratio is [0.1, 0.5].
[0050] In this embodiment, by performing a grid dot matrix process on the equivalent virtual surface according to the working wavelength, where the grid size obtained after the grid dot matrix process is a preset ratio of the working wavelength, and the value range of the preset ratio is [0.1, 0.5], it further enables each preset point to be evenly arranged on the equivalent virtual surface with a reasonable spacing, facilitating subsequent combination with the interpolation method to more accurately calculate the field energy on the equivalent virtual surface, reducing the interpolation error, and further more accurately determining the energy received by the antenna under test.
[0051] In another possible implementation manner, the step of calibrating the gain of the antenna under test based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface includes: Step G10: Obtain the first effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the antenna under test. Specifically, after the antenna under test is installed, detect the first effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the antenna under test.
[0052] In this embodiment, the first EIRP refers to the EIRP of the antenna under test. The first EIRP can be detected by a receiving energy scanning probe.
[0053] Step G20: Obtain the third effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the reference gain antenna at the feeding power corresponding to the preset electric field energy, and the gain of the reference gain antenna. Step G30: Calculate the difference between the preset electric field energy and the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface to obtain the electric field energy difference. Wherein, the calculation result obtained by subtracting the total electric field energy from the preset electric field energy is the electric field energy difference.
[0054] Step G40: Determine the gain of the antenna under test based on the electric field energy difference, the first EIRP, the third EIRP, and the gain of the reference gain antenna.
[0055] Exemplarily, step G40: The step of determining the gain of the antenna under test based on the electric field energy difference, the first EIRP, the third EIRP, and the gain of the reference gain antenna includes: Step H10: Calculate the difference between the first EIRP and the third EIRP to obtain the second EIRP difference. Wherein, the calculation result obtained by subtracting the third EIRP from the first EIRP is the second EIRP difference.
[0056] Step H20: Calculate the sum of the second EIRP difference, the electric field energy difference, and the gain of the reference gain antenna to obtain a second target gain. Wherein, the calculation result obtained by adding the second EIRP difference, the electric field energy difference, and the reference gain antenna is the second target gain.
[0057] Step H30: Determine the gain of the antenna under test according to the second target gain.
[0058] To further facilitate the understanding of this embodiment, in an example, based on the electric field energy difference, the first EIRP, the third EIRP, and the gain of the reference gain antenna, the gain of the antenna under test is calculated through a second pre-designed formula. The second pre-designed formula is G = G 0 + (P 1 - P 3 ) + (T 3 - T 1 ) + N, where G is the gain of the antenna under test, G 0 is the gain of the reference gain antenna, P 1 is the first EIRP, P 3 is the third EIRP, T 3 is the preset electric field energy, T 1 is the total electric field energy, and N is the correction value of the antenna path loss. Among them, (P 1 - P 3 ) is the second EIRP difference, and (T 3 - T 1 ) is the electric field energy difference.
[0059] In the embodiment of the present application, after the antenna under test is installed, the first effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the antenna under test is detected, and then the third effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the reference gain antenna under the feeding power corresponding to the preset electric field energy and the gain of the reference gain antenna are obtained. The preset electric field energy and the total electric field energy are subtracted to calculate the electric field energy difference. Then, based on the electric field energy difference, the first EIRP, the third EIRP, and the gain of the reference gain antenna, the antenna gain of the antenna under test can be accurately calculated, solving the problem that the traditional solution cannot measure the energy of the space electric field received by the air interface feeding system and cannot perform gain calibration with the standard gain horn antenna, and can directly measure the gain of this type of air interface feeding antenna system.
[0060] To further facilitate the understanding of the technical principle of the embodiments of the present application, a specific embodiment is enumerated: Refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 which is a schematic diagram of the configuration for testing the gain of the RIS antenna in the darkroom in the embodiments of the present application. In this embodiment, the type of the antenna under test is an intelligent metasurface RIS. During the process of testing the gain of the intelligent metasurface (RIS), the electromagnetic wave emitted by the feed horn is reflected by the RIS and then received by the receiving probe. The center of the feed horn points to the center O of the RIS, and the angle with the horizontal line is θ f , the distance from the feed horn to the RIS in the horizontal direction is g, and the height difference from the feed horn to the RIS is h; Refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 which is a schematic diagram of the equivalent virtual surface in the embodiments of the present application. The size of the equivalent virtual surface is equivalent to the physical size of the first surface of the antenna under test, that is, the size deviation between the aperture size of the equivalent virtual surface and the aperture size of the first surface is less than a preset size threshold, the angle deviation between the spatial orientation angle of the equivalent virtual surface and the spatial orientation angle of the first surface is less than a preset angle threshold, and the pose deviation between the spatial position of the equivalent virtual surface and the spatial position of the first surface is less than a preset pose threshold. The specific operation is to keep the system configuration as shown in Figure 1 unchanged, and replace the antenna under test with a virtual surface of the same size as the antenna under test. The standard virtual surface is meshed, and the size of the grid is selected to be between 1 / 10 and 1 / 2 of the center operating wavelength, and generally 1 / 2 is taken. Then, the grid points are numbered in sequence, with 1 to N in the horizontal direction and 1 to M in the vertical direction.
[0061] Refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 which is a schematic diagram of the energy collection of the equivalent virtual surface in the embodiments of the present application. The equivalent virtual surface in the embodiments of the present application is the Figure 4 standard virtual surface shown in. Under the configuration of referring to Figure 2 , an energy scanning probe equipped with a scanning frame is used to measure the electric fields of the same polarization and cross polarization of each grid point and the antenna under test (that is, to obtain the electric field energy of multiple preset points on the equivalent virtual surface), and the total energy P on the standard virtual surface is calculated according to the measured values (the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface is determined according to the electric field energy of multiple preset points, so as to determine the total electric field energy collected by the antenna under test. The total energy collected by the standard virtual surface is equivalent to the total electric field energy collected by the antenna under test); Refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 which is a schematic diagram of the gain test device for the gain of the antenna under test in the embodiments of the present application. Among them, Figure 5 the antenna under test in is the antenna under test. Refer to Figure 2 the feed horn and the RIS in areFigure 5 The antenna under test in , refer to Figure 2 The receiving probe in is Figure 5 The specific measurement process of the source antenna in is as follows: 1) The gain reference antenna (the vector network input power is P) is aligned with the source antenna, and the gain reference antenna is connected to the receiver through switching. At this time, the receiver receiving power level is P1 (dBm); 2) Align the antenna under test with the source antenna, and connect the antenna under test to the receiver through switching. At this time, the receiver receiving power level is P2 (dBm); 3) Repeat steps 1) and 2) until the number of repetitions of P1 and P2 measurements reaches the preset number threshold; 4) The gain G of the antenna under test at a certain frequency point P is calculated according to the following formula (I): G=G0+(P2-P1)+N (I) In formula (1): G is the gain of the antenna under test, in decibels (dBi); G0 is the gain of the reference antenna, in decibels (dBi); N is the correction value of the path loss from the receiver input to the measured antenna and the gain reference antenna output in dB.
[0062] The embodiment of the present application is mainly used to measure the gain of the air interface feeding system. For the traditional antenna P2, it is a known quantity fed by the feeder, while for the air interface feeding system P2 is an unknown quantity, so its gain cannot be accurately calculated. The embodiment of the present application solves this problem by constructing an equivalent virtual surface (the aperture of the first surface of the antenna to be tested is equivalent), that is, by collecting the energy on the equivalent virtual surface, the energy received by the passive system to be tested is calibrated. Specifically, while keeping the system configuration unchanged, an equivalent virtual surface of the same size as the passive system to be tested is used to replace the passive system to be tested, the equivalent virtual surface is gridded according to the working wavelength, and then the energy scanning probe equipped with a scanning frame is used to obtain the electric field at the grid point, and then the field on the entire equivalent virtual surface is solved by interpolation, and then the energy irradiated on the equivalent virtual surface is integrated. This energy is the energy received by the antenna to be tested. Finally, the EIRP of the entire metasurface system is measured and compared with the standard gain horn antenna (i.e., the reference gain antenna) to obtain the gain of the antenna to be tested under this configuration. The specific process is as follows: 1. Determine the configuration of the antenna gain test to be tested in a darkroom; 2. Replace the antenna to be tested with an equivalent virtual surface (i.e. equivalent virtual surface) of the same size; 3. Mesh the equivalent virtual surface according to the frequency; 4. Measure the energy at the grid points using an energy scanning probe equipped with a scanning frame (i.e., detect the electric field energy at multiple preset points on the equivalent virtual surface); 5. Calculate the energy P on the virtual surface by interpolation (equivalent to the total electric field energy collected by the antenna under test); 6. Replace the equivalent virtual surface with the antenna under test and measure the maximum power P2 of the antenna under test; 7. Replace the antenna under test with a reference gain antenna and measure the maximum power P1 at power P; 8. In the above formula (1), since the gain G0 of the reference antenna is a known parameter, the correction value N of the path loss can be set by those skilled in the art according to the actual situation, and no specific limitation is made in this embodiment. For example, in one example, N is set to 0. Therefore, in this embodiment, based on P2 and P1 obtained in steps 6 and 7, combined with the known parameter G0 and the path loss correction value N calibrated according to the actual situation, the absolute gain G of the antenna under test at the energy P point can be calculated.
[0063] It should be noted that what is disclosed above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application. Of course, it cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present application. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand all or part of the processes of implementing the above embodiments, and the equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope covered by the present application.
[0064] That is to say, the above specific embodiments are only used to help understand the technical concept of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation to the present application. Based on this technical concept, more forms of simple transformations should be within the protection scope of the present application.
[0065] In addition, the embodiments of the present application also propose an antenna gain determination device. Refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 which is a schematic diagram of the functional modules of the antenna gain determination device in the embodiments of the present application.
[0066] In this embodiment, the antenna gain determination device includes: A virtual surface determination module 10, configured to obtain the electric field energy at multiple preset points on the equivalent virtual surface, where the equivalent virtual surface is determined based on the antenna under test; An energy detection module 20, configured to determine the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface according to the electric field energy at the multiple preset points; A gain calibration module 30, configured to calibrate the gain of the antenna under test based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface.
[0067] In some embodiments, the antenna under test is an intelligent metasurface RIS, wherein the size deviation between the aperture size of the equivalent virtual surface and the aperture size of the RIS is less than a preset size threshold, and the pose deviation between the pose of the equivalent virtual surface and the pose of the RIS is less than a preset pose threshold.
[0068] In some embodiments, the gain calibration module 30 is further configured to: Obtain the first effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the antenna under test; Based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface, obtain the second effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the reference gain antenna at the feeding power corresponding to the total electric field energy, and the gain of the reference gain antenna; Determine the gain of the antenna under test based on the first EIRP, the second EIRP, and the gain of the reference gain antenna.
[0069] In some embodiments, the gain calibration module 30 is further configured to: Perform a difference calculation on the first EIRP and the second EIRP to obtain a first EIRP difference; Perform a sum calculation on the first EIRP difference and the gain of the reference gain antenna to obtain a first target gain; Determine the gain of the antenna under test according to the first target gain.
[0070] In some embodiments, the energy detection module 20 is further configured to: Perform a preset grid dot matrix processing on the equivalent virtual surface to obtain a plurality of preset points on the equivalent virtual surface, wherein the preset points are arranged in an array on the equivalent virtual surface.
[0071] In some embodiments, the energy detection module 20 is further configured to: Based on the electric field energy of the plurality of preset points, calculate the electric field energy of all points on the equivalent virtual surface by interpolation; Based on the electric field energy of all points on the equivalent virtual surface, calculate the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface through integral operation.
[0072] In some embodiments, the energy detection module 20 is further configured to: Obtain the operating wavelength of the antenna under test system; According to the operating wavelength, perform grid dot matrix processing on the equivalent virtual surface, wherein the grid size obtained after the grid dot matrix processing is a preset ratio of the operating wavelength, and the value range of the preset ratio is [0.1, 0.5].
[0073] In some embodiments, the gain calibration module 30 is further configured to: Obtain the first effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the antenna under test; Obtain the third effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the reference gain antenna at the feeding power corresponding to the preset electric field energy, and the gain of the reference gain antenna; Perform a difference calculation on the preset electric field energy and the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface to calculate an electric field energy difference; Determine the gain of the antenna under test based on the electric field energy difference, the first EIRP, the third EIRP, and the gain of the reference gain antenna.
[0074] In some embodiments, the gain calibration module 30 is further configured to: Perform a difference calculation on the first EIRP and the third EIRP to calculate a second EIRP difference; Perform a sum calculation on the second EIRP difference, the electric field energy difference, and the gain of the reference gain antenna to calculate a second target gain; Determine the gain of the antenna under test according to the second target gain.
[0075] In some embodiments, the energy detection module 20 is further configured to: Collect the electric field energies of multiple preset points on the equivalent virtual surface point by point through an energy scanning probe that can be moved in space.
[0076] The antenna gain determination device provided in this embodiment and the antenna gain determination method provided in the above embodiment belong to the same inventive concept. For technical details not described in detail in this embodiment, reference can be made to the embodiments of the above antenna gain determination method, and this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the embodiments of the antenna gain determination method, which will not be elaborated here.
[0077] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
[0078] In addition, referring to Figure 7 , Figure 7 is a schematic hardware structure diagram of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. As Figure 7As shown in the figure, the electronic device may include: a processor 1001, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a communication bus 1002, a user interface 1003, a network interface 1004, and a memory 1005. Among them, the communication bus 1002 is used to realize the connection and communication between these components. The user interface 1003 may include a display screen (Display) and an input unit such as a keyboard (Keyboard). Optionally, the user interface 1003 may further include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface. The network interface 1004 may optionally include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface (such as a Wireless-Fidelity (WI-FI) interface). The memory 1005 may be a high-speed Random Access Memory (RAM) or a stable Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), such as a disk memory. Optionally, the memory 1005 may also be a storage device independent of the aforementioned processor 1001.
[0079] Those skilled in the art can understand that Figure 7 the structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device, and it may include more or fewer components than shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have a different component layout. As Figure 7 shown in the figure, the memory 1005, as a computer-readable storage medium, may include an operating system, a data storage module, a network communication module, a user interface module, and an antenna gain determination program.
[0080] In Figure 7 the electronic device shown in the figure, the network interface 1004 is mainly used for data communication with other devices; the user interface 1003 is mainly used for data interaction with users; in this embodiment, the processor 1001 and the memory 1005 may be disposed in a communication device. The communication device calls the antenna gain determination program stored in the memory 1005 through the processor 1001 and executes the antenna gain determination method provided in any of the above embodiments.
[0081] The terminal proposed in this embodiment and the antenna gain determination method proposed in the above embodiment belong to the same inventive concept. For technical details not described in detail in this embodiment, reference can be made to any of the above embodiments, and this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the execution of the antenna gain determination method.
[0082] In addition, an embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium is a computer storage medium, which can be a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. An antenna gain determination program is stored on the computer-readable storage medium. When the antenna gain determination program is executed by a processor, the antenna gain determination method of the present application as described above is implemented.
[0083] For each embodiment of the electronic device and the computer-readable storage medium of the present application, reference can be made to each embodiment of the antenna gain determination method of the present application, which will not be elaborated here.
[0084] It should be noted that in this article, the term "including", "comprising" or any other variation thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or system including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the statement "including a..." does not exclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article or system including that element.
[0085] The serial numbers of the above embodiments of the present application are only for description and do not represent the advantages and disadvantages of the embodiments.
[0086] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above embodiment methods can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium as described above (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disc), and includes several instructions for causing an electronic device (which can be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.
[0087] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present application, and do not limit the patent scope of the present application accordingly. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present application, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, shall be equally included in the patent protection scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A method for determining antenna gain, characterized in that: include: Acquire electric field energy of a plurality of preset points on an equivalent virtual surface, wherein the equivalent virtual surface is determined based on the antenna to be tested; Determining the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface according to the electric field energies of the plurality of preset points; Based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface, the gain of the antenna to be tested is calibrated.
2. The method for determining antenna gain according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna to be tested is an intelligent metasurface RIS, wherein a size deviation between an aperture size of the equivalent virtual surface and an aperture size of the RIS is less than a preset size threshold, and a posture deviation between a posture of the equivalent virtual surface and a posture of the RIS is less than a preset posture threshold.
3. The method for determining antenna gain according to claim 1, wherein: The step of calibrating the gain of the antenna to be tested based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface includes: Obtaining a first effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the antenna to be tested; Based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface, obtaining a second effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the reference gain antenna at a feeding power corresponding to the total electric field energy and a gain of the reference gain antenna; The gain of the antenna to be tested is determined based on the first EIRP, the second EIRP, and the gain of the reference gain antenna.
4. The method for determining antenna gain according to claim 3, wherein: The step of determining the gain of the antenna to be tested based on the first EIRP, the second EIRP, and the gain of the reference gain antenna comprises: Calculate the difference between the first EIRP and the second EIRP to obtain a first EIRP difference; Calculate the sum of the first EIRP difference and the gain of the reference gain antenna to obtain a first target gain; The gain of the antenna to be tested is determined according to the first target gain.
5. The method for determining antenna gain according to claim 1, wherein: Before the step of obtaining the electric field energy of a plurality of preset points on the equivalent virtual surface, the method further includes: The equivalent virtual surface is subjected to a preset grid lattice processing to obtain a plurality of preset points on the equivalent virtual surface, wherein the preset points are arranged in an array on the equivalent virtual surface.
6. The method for determining antenna gain according to claim 5, wherein: The step of determining the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface according to the electric field energies of the plurality of preset points comprises: Based on the electric field energies of the plurality of preset points, the electric field energies of all points on the equivalent virtual surface are calculated by interpolation method; Based on the electric field energies of all points on the equivalent virtual surface, the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface is calculated through integration operation.
7. The method for determining antenna gain according to claim 5, wherein: The step of performing a preset grid lattice processing on the equivalent virtual surface comprises: Obtain the working wavelength of the antenna system to be tested; According to the working wavelength, the equivalent virtual surface is subjected to grid lattice processing, wherein a grid size obtained after the grid lattice processing is a preset ratio of the working wavelength, and a value range of the preset ratio is [0.1, 0.5].
8. The method for determining antenna gain according to claim 1, wherein: The step of calibrating the gain of the antenna to be tested based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface includes: Obtaining a first effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the antenna to be tested; Obtaining a third effective isotropic radiated power EIRP of the reference gain antenna under a feeding power corresponding to a preset electric field energy, and a gain of the reference gain antenna; Calculate the difference between the preset electric field energy and the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface to obtain the electric field energy difference; The gain of the antenna to be tested is determined based on the electric field energy difference, the first EIRP, the third EIRP, and the gain of the reference gain antenna.
9. The method for determining antenna gain according to claim 8, wherein: The step of determining the gain of the antenna to be tested based on the electric field energy difference, the first EIRP, the third EIRP and the gain of the reference gain antenna comprises: Calculate the difference between the first EIRP and the third EIRP to obtain a second EIRP difference; The second EIRP difference, the electric field energy difference, and the gain of the reference gain antenna are summed to obtain a second target gain; The gain of the antenna to be tested is determined according to the second target gain.
10. The method for determining antenna gain according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The step of obtaining electric field energy of a plurality of preset points on the equivalent virtual surface comprises: The electric field energy of a plurality of preset points on the equivalent virtual surface is collected point by point through an energy scanning probe that can be moved in space.
11. An antenna gain determination device, characterized in that: include: A virtual surface determination module, configured to obtain electric field energy of a plurality of preset points on an equivalent virtual surface, wherein the equivalent virtual surface is determined based on the antenna to be tested; An energy detection module, configured to determine the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface according to the electric field energies of the plurality of preset points; The gain calibration module is configured to calibrate the gain of the antenna to be tested based on the total electric field energy of the equivalent virtual surface.
12. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and an antenna gain determination program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the antenna gain determination program, when executed by the processor, implements the antenna gain determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
13. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer-readable storage medium stores an antenna gain determination program, and when the antenna gain determination program is executed by a processor, the antenna gain determination method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is implemented.