A mineral preselection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting

Abstract

The application discloses a mineral preselection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting, and relates to the technical field of mineral preselection, and comprises the following steps: pre-crushing ore to obtain pre-crushed ore, wherein the ore comprises minerals and rocks; conveying the ore with a particle size less than or equal to a small particle size in the pre-crushed ore to a ball mill for crushing; conveying the ore with a particle size greater than the small particle size in the pre-crushed ore to a controllable shock wave treatment device, performing shock wave operation on the pre-crushed ore by the controllable shock wave treatment device, transmitting the shock wave to the inside of the pre-crushed ore, depositing the shock wave energy in the medium density discontinuous region between the minerals and the rocks, and making the fissure autonomously expand in a shearing and stretching manner, so that the ore is crushed and primary crushed ore is obtained; and the shock wave operation uniformly reduces the mechanical strength of the primary crushed ore, and the effect of crushing the ore and preselecting the ore with different particle sizes is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mineral pre-selection technology, specifically to a mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture. Background Technology

[0002] Mineral pre-selection is a crucial initial stage in the mineral resource development process, laying the foundation for the effectiveness of subsequent operations. This stage involves sorting based on differences in the physical properties of the ore. Common methods include hand sorting, gravity separation, magnetic separation, and photoelectric separation. Hand sorting is the most basic, relying on worker experience and eyesight to separate waste rock and ore with clearly different appearances. While simple, it has limited efficiency and is suitable for situations with distinct mineral characteristics and significant grade differences. Gravity separation, based on differences in mineral density, uses equipment such as jigs and shaking tables to separate denser, valuable minerals by sedimentation under the action of water flow and vibration. This method is commonly used in the pre-selection of tungsten ore, as it can remove large amounts of low-density gangue at low cost. Magnetic separation targets differences in magnetism, using magnetic separators to adsorb magnetic minerals onto the surface of the drum, achieving separation from non-magnetic substances. This method is often used in the pre-selection of iron and manganese ores. During mineral pre-selection, failure to adequately screen ores of different diameters can lead to numerous adverse consequences.

[0003] From the perspective of sorting efficiency, the mixing of ores of varying sizes into subsequent sorting equipment can disrupt the normal operating parameters of the equipment. For example, in the gravity separation stage, jigs and shaking tables are designed based on certain particle flow rates and settling patterns. Ores with excessively large diameters may settle rapidly and block the channels, hindering water flow and preventing the normal discharge of less dense gangue. This results in a significant decrease in sorting accuracy, making it difficult to effectively separate useful minerals from waste rock, increasing the number of repeated sorting processes, and slowing down the entire pre-sorting process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture, comprising the following steps: pre-crushing the ore to obtain pre-crushed ore, wherein the ore includes minerals and rocks;

[0005] The pre-crushed ore with a particle size less than or equal to the small particle size is conveyed to a ball mill for crushing; The pre-crushed ore with a particle size larger than the small particle size is transported to a controlled shock wave treatment device. The controlled shock wave treatment device performs shock wave operation on the pre-crushed ore. The shock wave penetrates into the interior of the pre-crushed ore, and the shock wave energy is deposited in the medium density discontinuity area between the mineral and the rock. The cracks are autonomously expanded by shearing and stretching, which breaks the ore and obtains primary crushed ore. The mechanical strength of the primary crushed ore is reduced evenly during the shock wave operation. The ore with a particle size less than or equal to the small particle size in the primary crushing is transported to a ball mill for further crushing. Ores with a particle size greater than or equal to the large particle size in the primary crushing are transported to the tailings collection device, where the large particle size is greater than the small particle size. The ore particles with sizes between small and large in the primary crushing are separated by an intelligent sorting mechanism. The coarse ore is sent to a tailings collection device, while the concentrate is sent to a ball mill for further crushing.

[0006] Preferably, the large particle size is 40-50mm, and the small particle size is 7-11mm. It should be noted that the copper grade of the +45mm particles that are not crushed after controlled shock wave treatment is only 0.02%, which can be considered low-grade ore. Particles between +8mm and 45mm have a grade not much different from the original ore, while the grade of -8mm particles is significantly higher than the original ore. This indicates that in the beneficiation process, the ore that is not crushed after controlled shock wave treatment has a relatively low grade and can be directly pre-discarded. The crushed product has a high-grade fine particle size and can be mixed with concentrate through a light separator, reducing the amount of ore processed by 71%. Supplement 1: Controlled shock wave crushing has the technical characteristics of pre-weakening and selective crushing of ore. The discovery of these two points has promoted the application of high-pressure pulse crushing technology in many fields. These mainly include ore pre-enrichment, pre-weakening, promoting liberation, improving leaching characteristics, and waste recycling.

[0007] The study results showed the metal distribution and liberation degree of different particle sizes in products crushed by controlled shock wave and mechanical crushing, and compared the flotation test results of the two products. The results indicated that controlled shock wave has strong selective crushing ability, preferentially crushing high-grade ore particles and enriching metal minerals into fine-sized particles. The advantage of controlled shock wave in promoting metal mineral liberation is mainly reflected in coarse-sized products. In coarse-sized products, pyrite with a liberation degree of 80-100% in products crushed by controlled shock wave was observed. The proportion of the product increased by 36.46% compared to low-grade feed particle crushing products that were not affected by the controlled shock wave, and by 43.91% compared to mechanically crushed products. Under the same flotation experimental conditions, the recovery rate of flotation concentrate of ore can be increased by up to 12.22% after being subjected to the controlled shock wave.

[0008] A mineral pre-selection device based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture includes a frame with a feed pipe penetrating its outer surface and a top plate fixedly connected to its top. The feed pipe allows pre-crushed ore to enter the inner cavity of the frame. The device is characterized by a shock wave generator penetrating the upper surface of the top plate. This shock wave generator is used to perform shock wave operations on the pre-crushed ore. By using the shock wave generator, during operation, the shock wave can act on the free or weak surfaces inside the ore, generating or expanding pores and fractures within the ore through shearing and tensile forces, reducing the mechanical strength of the ore, thereby further crushing it or separating the target mineral from gangue minerals. An adjustment mechanism is provided on the upper surface of the top plate, and a feeding mechanism is provided in the inner cavity of the frame. The feeding mechanism includes an inclined frame fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame, with a screen plate movably connected to its upper surface. The adjustment mechanism allows adjustment of the distance between the shock wave generator and the ore, thus accommodating different hardness levels. The system effectively breaks down ore and adjusts the feeding mechanism's operation during shock wave generation to prevent ore from being discharged from the frame. After crushing, the feeding mechanism's operation is adjusted to allow the ore to proceed to the next step. An inclined frame allows the ore to tilt and slide out of the frame cavity without obstruction. An intelligent sorting mechanism is located on the side of the frame away from the feed pipe. This mechanism includes a screening frame fixedly connected to the side of the frame away from the feed pipe, and a screening box fixedly connected to the side of the screening frame away from the frame. A conveying mechanism is located on the bottom surface of the screening box's cavity, and a photosensitive sorting mechanism is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening box. This intelligent sorting mechanism separates ore particles between small and large diameters in the initial crushing process. Coarse ore is sent to a tailings collection device, while concentrate is sent to a ball mill for further crushing. The photosensitive sorting mechanism is existing technology and can detect the ore diameter using a photosensitive sensor.

[0009] Preferably, the shock wave generating device includes a fixed box that penetrates the top plate. A telescopic tube is fixedly connected to the top surface of the inner cavity of the fixed box, and a cylinder head is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the telescopic tube. The inner surface of the cylinder head has a parabolic structure, and a wrapping frame is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the cylinder head. A connecting box penetrates the upper surface of the cylinder head, and a fixed plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting box. By setting the telescopic tube, deformation can be generated, thereby allowing the cylinder head to move vertically up and down within the inner cavity of the fixed box. This adjusts the distance between the cylinder head and the ore in the inner cavity of the frame. By setting the cylinder head and setting its inner surface to a parabolic structure, the shock wave generated by the explosion can be guided, so that the shock wave directed towards the top of the cylinder head can be reflected to the ore to be processed in the inner cavity of the frame. This fully utilizes the shock wave generated by the explosion, achieving energy saving. Furthermore, the cylinder head is made of steel, which has strong impact resistance.

[0010] Preferably, a first insulating tube and a second insulating tube are respectively passed through the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the connecting box. A negative electrode rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first insulating tube. A wire feeding mechanism is provided on the upper surface of the fixing plate. A metal wire is wound in the inner cavity of the wire feeding mechanism. The metal wire passes through the negative electrode rod. A first conductor is passed through the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the connecting box. The end of the first conductor is connected to the negative electrode rod. A second conductor is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the negative electrode rod. A negative terminal post is fixedly connected to the end of the second conductor. A positive electrode rod is provided on the inner wall of the second insulating tube. A third conductor is fixedly connected to the top end of the positive electrode rod. A positive terminal post is provided at the bottom end of the positive electrode rod.

[0011] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism includes a fixing ring, which is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the packaging frame. A connecting frame is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fixing ring. A limiting ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting frame. A rotating plate is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the limiting ring. A threaded rod is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating plate. A threaded tube is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the threaded rod. By setting the limiting ring, the rotating plate can be limited, allowing the rotating plate to rotate stably within the inner cavity of the limiting ring. By setting the fixing ring and the connecting frame, the packaging frame and the threaded rod can be positioned together. By setting the threaded tube, the threaded rod can be limited, allowing the threaded rod to move up and down within the inner cavity of the threaded tube when rotating.

[0012] Preferably, a sliding tube is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the threaded tube, and a fixed tube is slidably connected to the outer surface of the sliding tube. The fixed tube passes through the axis of the upper surface of the top plate. A first spring is sleeved on the outer surface of the sliding tube. The bottom end of the first spring is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the fixed tube. A support plate is fixedly connected to the top of the outer surface of the sliding tube. A first locking ring is fixedly connected to the end of the support plate. A locking post is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the first locking ring. A second spring is fixedly connected between the locking post and the opposite surface of the first locking ring. A second locking ring is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fixed tube. The outer surface of the second locking ring and the outer surface of the first locking ring are rubbed together.

[0013] Preferably, an elastic rod is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening plate, a first moving rod is fixedly connected to the top end of the elastic rod, the top end of the first moving rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sliding tube, a limiting tube passes through the lower surface of the inclined frame, a sliding block is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the limiting tube, the upper surface of the sliding block is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first moving rod, a third spring is sleeved on one side of the first moving rod located in the inner cavity of the limiting tube, a second moving rod is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the sliding block, a support rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the second moving rod, a baffle plate is fixedly connected to the end of the support rod, the baffle plate passes through the inclined frame, and a material passage hole is opened on the outer side of the baffle plate.

[0014] Preferably, the upper surface of the screening frame is permeated with a screening mesh, the lower surface of the screening frame is fixedly connected to an inclined box, the outer side of the inclined box is permeated with a first discharge pipe, the upper surface of the screening frame is fixedly connected with an arc-shaped plate, and the outer side of the screening box is permeated with a second discharge pipe. By setting the screening mesh, small-diameter ore particles can pass through the gaps between the screening mesh and enter the inner cavity of the inclined box, and finally be discharged from the first discharge pipe. By setting the arc-shaped plate, the ore on the upper surface of the screening frame can be guided.

[0015] Preferably, the upper surface of the screening box is provided with a pushing mechanism, the pushing mechanism includes a support frame, the support frame is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening box, the upper surface of the support frame is provided with a transverse moving mechanism, the inner wall of the support frame is provided with a limit rod, the outer surface of the limit rod is slidably connected with a sliding sleeve, the lower surface of the sliding sleeve is fixedly connected with a moving frame, the moving frame is fixedly connected to the movable end of the transverse moving mechanism, and the lower surface of the moving frame is fixedly connected with a pushing plate.

[0016] This invention provides a mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture. It has the following beneficial effects: I. This mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture, by setting up a shock wave generating device, can enable the shock wave to act on the free or weak surfaces inside the ore during operation, and generate or expand pores and cracks inside the ore through shear and tension, thereby reducing the mechanical strength of the ore, and further crushing the ore, or separating the target mineral from the gangue mineral in the ore.

[0017] II. This mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture can adjust the distance between the shock wave generator and the ore by setting an adjustment mechanism, thereby coping with the crushing effect of ores of different hardness. At the same time, it can adjust the working state of the feeding mechanism when the shock wave generator is working, so that the ore will not be discharged from the frame. After the ore is crushed, the working state of the feeding mechanism can be adjusted so that the ore can enter the next step. By setting an inclined frame, the ore can be tilted, so that the ore can slide out of the inner cavity of the frame without obstruction.

[0018] Third, this mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture can separate ore particles with particle sizes between small and large by setting up an intelligent sorting mechanism. The coarse ore is sent to the tailings collection device, and the concentrate is sent to the ball mill for crushing. The optical sorting mechanism is existing technology and can detect the diameter of the ore through optical sorting sensors.

[0019] Fourth, this mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture can guide the shock wave generated by the explosion by setting a cylinder head and setting the inner surface as a parabolic structure. This allows the shock wave directed towards the top of the cylinder head to be reflected to the ore to be processed in the inner cavity of the frame, thereby making full use of the shock wave generated by the explosion and achieving the effect of saving energy. In addition, the cylinder head is made of steel, which has strong impact resistance.

[0020] Fifth, this mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-splitting, by setting a pushing mechanism, can push small-diameter ores into the inner cavity of the screening frame under the detection of the optical separation mechanism, thereby completing the screening work again. By setting a transverse moving mechanism, the moving frame can be moved under control, and the pushing plate can push the ores. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a mineral pre-selection device based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a side view of the structure of a mineral pre-selection device based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the shock wave generating device of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the shock wave generator of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the shock wave generating device of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment mechanism structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the adjustment mechanism of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the material feeding mechanism of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a side view of the material feeding mechanism structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the material feeding mechanism of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent picking mechanism of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a partial structural diagram of the intelligent picking mechanism of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding mechanism of the present invention.

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Top plate; 3. Shock wave generator; 4. Adjustment mechanism; 5. Feed pipe; 6. Material placement mechanism; 7. Intelligent picking mechanism; 31. Fixed box; 32. Telescopic tube; 33. Cylinder cover; 34. Packaging frame; 35. Connecting box; 36. Fixed plate; 310. First insulating tube; 311. Negative electrode rod; 312. Second wire; 313. Negative terminal post; 314. First wire; 315. Second insulating tube; 316. Positive electrode rod; 317. Positive terminal post; 318. Third wire; 319. Wire feeding mechanism; 320. Metal wire; 41. Fixed ring; 42. Connecting frame; 43. Limiting ring; 44. Rotating plate; 45. Threaded rod; 46. Threaded tube; 47. Sliding tube; 48. Fixed tube; 49. 410. Spring; 411. Support plate; 412. First locking ring; 413. Locking post; 414. Second spring; 415. Second locking ring; 61. Inclined frame; 62. Screening plate; 63. Elastic rod; 64. First moving rod; 65. Limiting tube; 66. Sliding block; 67. Third spring; 68. Second moving rod; 69. Support rod; 610. Barrier plate; 71. Screening frame; 72. Screening mesh; 73. Inclined box; 74. First discharge pipe; 75. Screening box; 76. Second discharge pipe; 77. Arc plate; 78. Conveying mechanism; 79. Pushing mechanism; 710. Optical sorting mechanism; 791. Support frame; 792. Lateral moving mechanism; 793. Limiting rod; 794. Sliding sleeve; 795. Moving frame; 796. Pushing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention, and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

[0024] First embodiment, such as Figures 1-13 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture, comprising the following steps: pre-crushing the ore to obtain pre-crushed ore, wherein the ore includes minerals and rocks; The pre-crushed ore with a particle size less than or equal to the small particle size is conveyed to a ball mill for crushing; The pre-crushed ore with a particle size larger than the small particle size is transported to a controlled shock wave treatment device. The controlled shock wave treatment device performs shock wave operation on the pre-crushed ore. The shock wave penetrates into the interior of the pre-crushed ore, and the shock wave energy is deposited in the medium density discontinuity area between the mineral and the rock. The cracks are autonomously expanded by shearing and stretching, which breaks the ore and obtains primary crushed ore. The mechanical strength of the primary crushed ore is reduced evenly during the shock wave operation. The ore with a particle size less than or equal to the small particle size in the primary crushing is transported to a ball mill for further crushing. Ores with a particle size greater than or equal to the large particle size in the primary crushing are transported to the tailings collection device, where the large particle size is greater than the small particle size. The ore particles with sizes between small and large in the primary crushing are separated by an intelligent sorting mechanism. The coarse ore is sent to a tailings collection device, while the concentrate is sent to a ball mill for further crushing.

[0025] The large particle size is 40-50mm, and the small particle size is 7-11mm. It should be noted that the copper grade of the +45mm particles that did not break after controlled shock wave treatment was only 0.02%, which can be considered low-grade ore. Particles between +8mm and 45mm had a similar grade to the original ore, while the -8mm particles had a significantly higher grade than the original ore. This indicates that in the beneficiation process, the ore that was not broken after controlled shock wave treatment had a relatively low grade and could be directly pre-discarded. The crushed product has a high-grade fine particle size and can be mixed with concentrate using a light separator, reducing the amount of ore processed by 71%. Supplement 1: Controlled shock wave crushing has the technical characteristics of pre-weakening and selective crushing of ore. The discovery of these two points has promoted the application of high-pressure pulse crushing technology in many fields, mainly for ore pre-enrichment, pre-weakening, promoting liberation, improving leaching characteristics, and waste recycling.

[0026] The study results show the metal distribution and liberation degree of different particle sizes in products crushed by controlled shock wave and mechanical crushing, and compared the flotation test results of the two products. The results indicate that controlled shock wave has strong selective crushing ability, preferentially crushing high-grade ore particles and enriching metal minerals into fine-sized particles. The advantage of controlled shock wave in promoting metal mineral liberation is mainly reflected in coarse-sized products. In coarse-sized products, the proportion of pyrite with a liberation degree of 80-100% in products crushed by controlled shock wave is 36.46% higher than that in products crushed from low-grade feed particles not affected by controlled shock wave, and 43.91% higher than that in mechanically crushed products. Under the same flotation experimental conditions, the flotation concentrate recovery rate of ore can be increased by up to 12.22% after being subjected to controlled shock wave.

[0027] Second embodiment, such as Figures 1-13As shown, a mineral pre-selection device based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture includes a frame 1. A feed pipe 5 penetrates the outer surface of the frame 1, and a top plate 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the frame 1. Through the feed pipe 5, pre-crushed ore can enter the inner cavity of the frame 1. A shock wave generator 3 penetrates the upper surface of the top plate 2. This shock wave generator 3 is used to perform shock wave operations on the pre-crushed ore. By setting the shock wave generator 3, during operation, the shock wave can act on the free or weak surfaces inside the ore, and exert shear and tensile forces on the ore. The internal structure generates or expands pores and cracks, reducing the mechanical strength of the ore, thereby further crushing the ore or separating the target mineral from the gangue mineral. An adjustment mechanism 4 is provided on the upper surface of the top plate 2, and a material feeding mechanism 6 is provided in the inner cavity of the frame 1. The material feeding mechanism 6 includes an inclined frame 61, which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the frame 1. A screen plate 62 is movably connected to the upper surface of the inclined frame 61. By setting the adjustment mechanism 4, the distance between the shock wave generator 3 and the ore can be adjusted to cope with the crushing of ores of different hardness. The device achieves a good crushing effect and can adjust the working state of the feeding mechanism 6 when the shock wave generator 3 is working, so that the ore will not be discharged from the frame 1. After the ore is crushed, the working state of the feeding mechanism 6 can be adjusted so that the ore can enter the next step. By setting the tilting frame 61, the ore can be tilted so that the ore can slide out of the inner cavity of the frame 1 without obstruction. The frame 1 is provided with an intelligent picking mechanism 7 on the side away from the feed pipe 5. The intelligent picking mechanism 7 includes a screening frame 71, which is fixedly connected to the side of the frame 1 away from the feed pipe 5. On one side of the material pipe 5, a screening box 75 is fixedly connected to the screening frame 71 away from the frame 1. A conveying mechanism 78 is provided on the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the screening box 75. A light sorting mechanism 710 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening box 75. By setting the intelligent sorting mechanism 7, the ore with a particle size between small and large in the primary crushed ore can be separated by the intelligent sorting mechanism 7. The coarse ore is sent to the tailings collection device, and the concentrate is sent to the ball mill for crushing. The light sorting mechanism 710 is existing technology and can detect the size of the ore diameter through a light sorting sensor.

[0028] The shock wave generating device 3 includes a fixed box 31 that penetrates the top plate 2. A telescopic tube 32 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the inner cavity of the fixed box 31. A cylinder head 33 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the telescopic tube 32. The inner surface of the cylinder head 33 has a parabolic structure. A wrapping frame 34 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the cylinder head 33. A connecting box 35 penetrates the upper surface of the cylinder head 33. A fixing plate 36 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting box 35. By setting the telescopic tube 32, deformation can be generated, thereby causing the cylinder head to... The cylinder head 33 can move vertically up and down within the cavity of the fixed box 31, thereby adjusting the distance between the cylinder head 33 and the ore in the cavity of the frame 1. By setting the cylinder head 33 and setting the inner surface as a parabolic structure, the shock wave generated by the explosion can be guided, so that the shock wave directed towards the top of the cylinder head 33 can be reflected to the ore to be processed in the cavity of the frame 1, thereby making full use of the shock wave generated by the explosion and achieving the effect of saving energy. In addition, the cylinder head 33 is made of steel and has strong impact resistance.

[0029] The bottom surface of the inner cavity of the connecting box 35 is permeated by a first insulating tube 310 and a second insulating tube 315. A negative electrode rod 311 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first insulating tube 310. A wire feeding mechanism 319 is provided on the upper surface of the fixing plate 36. A metal wire 320 is wound in the inner cavity of the wire feeding mechanism 319 and passes through the negative electrode rod 311. A first conductor 314 passes through the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the connecting box 35. The end of the first conductor 314 is connected to the negative electrode rod 311. A second conductor is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the negative electrode rod 311. 312, the end of the second conductor 312 is fixedly connected to a negative terminal post 313, and a positive electrode rod 316 is provided on the inner wall of the second insulating tube 315. The top of the positive electrode rod 316 is fixedly connected to a third conductor 318, and the bottom of the positive electrode rod 316 is provided with a positive terminal post 317. The first conductor 314 and the third conductor 318 are respectively connected to the positive and negative terminals of the high-voltage DC power supply. During operation, the first conductor 314 and the third conductor 318 in this device need to be connected to the circuit. This is achieved by setting the first insulating tube 310 and the second... The insulating tube 315 prevents current leakage from the negative electrode 311 and the positive electrode 316. By setting the first conductor 314, the second conductor 312, and the negative terminal 313, the current generated by the high-voltage DC power supply 37 can flow through the negative terminal 313 to the outer surface of the metal wire 320. By setting the third conductor 318, the positive electrode 316, and the positive terminal 317, the current generated by the high-voltage DC power supply 37 can be allowed to flow, thus connecting the metal wire 320 to the current and causing an explosion. During operation, the operator controls the wire feeding mechanism 31. 9. This allows the metal wire 320 to be inserted into the inner cavity of the negative electrode rod 311, and the end of the metal wire 320 to contact the positive electrode terminal 317. Then, the operator starts the high-voltage DC power supply, which charges the energy storage capacitor. When the voltage reaches the set working threshold, the circuit is connected, and a current is generated, which short-circuits the metal wire 320. Under the action of the high voltage, an explosion occurs, which generates a spherical shock wave. The shock wave generated by the explosion is then reflected by the parabolic structure on the inner surface of the cylinder head 33, and the shock wave breaks the ore.

[0030] The adjusting mechanism 4 includes a fixing ring 41, which is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the packaging frame 34. A connecting frame 42 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fixing ring 41. A limiting ring 43 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting frame 42. A rotating plate 44 is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the limiting ring 43. A threaded rod 45 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating plate 44. A threaded tube 46 is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the threaded rod 45. By setting the limiting ring 43, the rotating plate 44 can be limited, allowing the rotating plate 44 to move within the inner cavity of the limiting ring 43. A stable rotation is generated. By setting a fixing ring 41 and a connecting frame 42, the wrapping frame 34 and the threaded rod 45 can be positioned together. By setting a threaded tube 46, the threaded rod 45 can be limited, so that the threaded rod 45 can move up and down in the inner cavity of the threaded tube 46 when rotating. A sliding tube 47 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the threaded tube 46, and a fixed tube 48 is slidably connected to the outer surface of the sliding tube 47. The fixed tube 48 passes through the axis of the upper surface of the top plate 2. A first spring 49 is sleeved on the outer surface of the sliding tube 47. The bottom end of the first spring 49 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the fixed tube 48. A support plate 410 is fixedly connected to the top of the outer surface of the sliding tube 47. A first locking ring 411 is fixedly connected to the end of the support plate 410. A locking post 412 is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the first locking ring 411. A second spring 413 is fixedly connected between the locking post 412 and the opposite surface of the first locking ring 411. A second locking ring 414 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fixed tube 48. The second locking ring 414 rubs against the outer surface of the first locking ring 411. The sliding tube 47 allows for vertical up-and-down movement within the cavity of the fixed tube 48. The first spring 49 generates elastic potential energy, creating tension between the sliding tube 47 and the fixed tube 48 after the sliding tube 47 moves, thus restoring it to its original position. The first locking ring 411, the second locking ring 414, and the locking post 412 ensure that when the first locking ring 411 and the second locking ring 414 overlap and the locking post 412 is inserted into its cavity, the sliding tube 47 and the fixed tube 48 are fixed together and will not move.

[0031] An elastic rod 63 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening plate 62. A first moving rod 64 is fixedly connected to the top end of the elastic rod 63. The top end of the first moving rod 64 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sliding tube 47. A limiting tube 65 passes through the lower surface of the inclined frame 61. A sliding block 66 is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the limiting tube 65. The upper surface of the sliding block 66 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first moving rod 64. A third spring 67 is sleeved on one side of the first moving rod 64 located in the inner cavity of the limiting tube 65. A second moving rod 68 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the sliding block 66. A support rod 69 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the second moving rod 68. A baffle plate 610 is fixedly connected to the end of the support rod 69. The baffle plate 610 penetrates the inclined frame 61. A material passage hole is opened on the outer side of the baffle plate 610. By setting an elastic rod 63, a certain elasticity can be generated, so that deformation occurs when the screen plate 62 is pressed against the upper surface of the inclined frame 61. By setting a limiting tube 65, the sliding block 66 can be controlled. Limiting the movement of the sliding block 66 within the inner cavity of the limiting tube 65 allows it to move vertically up and down. By setting a baffle plate 610 and opening a material passage hole on its outer side, the ore within the frame 1 can be blocked, preventing it from flowing out during crushing. In operation, the operator feeds the initially crushed ore into the inner cavity of the frame 1 through the feed pipe 5. Simultaneously, the operator overlaps the first locking ring 411 and the second locking ring 414, inserting the locking post 412 into its inner cavity. When the sliding tube 47 is fixed to the fixed tube 48, it will not move, so that the screen plate 62 is located on the upper surface of the inclined frame 61 and in tight contact. At this time, the material passage hole of the barrier plate 610 is located below the inclined frame 61, thereby preventing the ore from leaking out. After the ore is crushed by the shock wave generator 3, the operator pulls out the locking column 412, so that the screen plate 62 moves upward. At this time, the material passage hole of the barrier plate 610 is located above the inclined frame 61, so that the ore can slide out of the inclined frame 61.

[0032] The upper surface of the screening frame 71 is perforated by a screen mesh 72, and the lower surface of the screening frame 71 is fixedly connected to an inclined box 73. A first discharge pipe 74 passes through the outer side of the inclined box 73. An arc-shaped plate 77 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening frame 71, and a second discharge pipe 76 passes through the outer side of the screening box 75. By setting the screen mesh 72, small-diameter ore particles can pass through the gaps between the screen meshes 72 and enter the inner cavity of the inclined box 73, eventually being discharged from the first discharge pipe 74. By setting the arc-shaped plate 77, the ore on the upper surface of the screening frame 71 can be guided. A pushing mechanism 79 is provided on the upper surface of the screening box 75. The pushing mechanism 79 includes a support frame 791, which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening box 75. On the surface, a transverse moving mechanism 792 is provided on the upper surface of the support frame 791, and a limiting rod 793 is provided on the inner wall of the support frame 791. A sliding sleeve 794 is slidably connected to the outer surface of the limiting rod 793, and a moving frame 795 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the sliding sleeve 794. The moving frame 795 is fixedly connected to the movable end of the transverse moving mechanism 792, and a pusher plate 796 is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the moving frame 795. By setting the pusher mechanism 792, small-diameter ores can be pushed into the inner cavity of the screening frame 71 under the detection of the optical sorting mechanism 710, thereby completing the screening work again. By setting the transverse moving mechanism 792, the moving frame 795 can be moved under control, and the pusher plate 796 can push the ores.

[0033] Working principle: When in use, the operator feeds the pre-crushed ore into the inner cavity of the frame 1 through the feed pipe 5. At the same time, when the operator overlaps the first locking ring 411 and the second locking ring 414 and inserts the locking post 412 into its inner cavity, the sliding pipe 47 and the fixed pipe 48 are fixed together and will not move. This makes the screen plate 62 located on the upper surface of the inclined frame 61 and in tight contact. At this time, the material passage hole of the barrier plate 610 is located below the inclined frame 61, thereby achieving the effect of preventing ore leakage. The operator controls the wire feeding mechanism 319, thereby inserting the metal wire 320 into the inner cavity of the negative electrode rod 311 and making the end of the metal wire 320 contact the positive electrode terminal 317. Then the operator starts the high-voltage DC power supply, thereby charging the energy storage capacitor. When the voltage reaches the set working threshold, the circuit is connected, and a current is generated, which short-circuits the metal wire 320. Under the action of high voltage, an explosion occurs, generating a spherical shock wave. The shock wave generated by the explosion is then reflected by the parabolic structure on the inner surface of the cylinder head 33, and the shock wave breaks the ore. After the ore is crushed by the shock wave generator 3, the operator pulls out the locking column 412, which causes the screen plate 62 to move upward. At this time, the material passage hole of the barrier plate 610 is located above the inclined frame 61, so that the ore can slide out of the inclined frame 61. When the ore enters the inner cavity of the screening box 75, small particles of ore will leak through the gaps in the screen 72 into the inner cavity of the tilting box 73, while large particles and some small particles of ore that do not enter the screen 72 will enter the upper surface of the conveying mechanism 78. Under the detection of the optical separation mechanism 710, the transverse moving mechanism 792 moves and the pusher plate 796 pushes the small particles of ore and pushes them back into the upper surface of the screen 72.

[0034] Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art and related fields based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Structures, devices, and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention, unless otherwise specified or limited, shall be implemented according to conventional means in the art.

Claims

1. A mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture, characterized in that, A mineral pre-selection device based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture was adopted; A mineral pre-selection device based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture includes a frame (1), a feed pipe (5) penetrating the outer surface of the frame (1), and a top plate (2) fixedly connected to the top of the frame (1). The device is characterized in that a shock wave generator (3) penetrates the upper surface of the top plate (2), the shock wave generator (3) being used for shock wave operation on the pre-crushed ore. An adjustment mechanism (4) is provided on the upper surface of the top plate (2), and a material placement mechanism (6) is provided in the inner cavity of the frame (1). The material placement mechanism (6) includes an inclined frame (61), the inclined frame (61) being fixedly connected to the machine. A screening plate (62) is movably connected to the upper surface of the inclined frame (61) on the inner wall of the frame (1); an intelligent picking mechanism (7) is provided on the side of the frame (1) away from the feed pipe (5), the intelligent picking mechanism (7) includes a screening frame (71), the screening frame (71) is fixedly connected to the side of the frame (1) away from the feed pipe (5), a screening box (75) is fixedly connected to the side of the screening frame (71) away from the frame (1), a conveying mechanism (78) is provided on the bottom surface of the inner cavity of the screening box (75), and a light sorting mechanism (710) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening box (75). The shock wave generating device (3) includes a fixed box (31), which penetrates the top plate (2). A telescopic tube (32) is fixedly connected to the top surface of the inner cavity of the fixed box (31). A cylinder head (33) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the telescopic tube (32). The inner surface of the cylinder head (33) is a parabolic structure. A wrapping frame (34) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the cylinder head (33). A connecting box (35) penetrates the upper surface of the cylinder head (33). A fixing plate (36) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting box (35). The bottom surface of the inner cavity of the connecting box (35) is permeated by a first insulating tube (310) and a second insulating tube (315). A negative electrode rod (311) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the first insulating tube (310). A wire feeding mechanism (319) is provided on the upper surface of the fixing plate (36). A metal wire (320) is wound in the inner cavity of the wire feeding mechanism (319). The metal wire (320) passes through the negative electrode rod (311). The bottom surface of the inner cavity of the connecting box (35) is permeated by a first conductor (311). 4) The end of the first wire (314) is connected to the negative electrode rod (311). The bottom end of the negative electrode rod (311) is fixedly connected to the second wire (312). The end of the second wire (312) is fixedly connected to the negative electrode terminal (313). The inner wall of the second insulating tube (315) is provided with the positive electrode rod (316). The top end of the positive electrode rod (316) is fixedly connected to the third wire (318). The bottom end of the positive electrode rod (316) is provided with the positive electrode terminal (317). The adjustment mechanism (4) includes a fixing ring (41), which is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the wrapping frame (34). A connecting frame (42) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the fixing ring (41). A limit ring (43) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the connecting frame (42). A rotating plate (44) is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the limit ring (43). A threaded rod (45) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the rotating plate (44). A threaded tube (46) is threadedly connected to the outer surface of the threaded rod (45). A mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture includes the following steps: The ore is pre-crushed to obtain pre-crushed ore, wherein the ore includes minerals and rocks; The pre-crushed ore with a particle size less than or equal to the small particle size is conveyed to a ball mill for crushing; The pre-crushed ore with a particle size larger than the small particle size is transported to a controlled shock wave treatment device. The controlled shock wave treatment device performs shock wave operation on the pre-crushed ore. The shock wave penetrates into the interior of the pre-crushed ore, and the shock wave energy is deposited in the medium density discontinuity area between the mineral and the rock. The cracks are autonomously expanded by shearing and stretching, which breaks the ore and obtains primary crushed ore. The mechanical strength of the primary crushed ore is reduced evenly during the shock wave operation. The ore with a particle size less than or equal to the small particle size in the primary crushing is transported to a ball mill for further crushing. Ores with a particle size greater than or equal to the large particle size in the primary crushing are transported to the tailings collection device, where the large particle size is greater than the small particle size. The ore particles with sizes between small and large in the primary crushing are separated by an intelligent sorting mechanism. The coarse ore is sent to a tailings collection device, while the concentrate is sent to a ball mill for further crushing.

2. The mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The large particle size is 40-50 mm, and the small particle size is 7-11 mm.

3. The mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the threaded tube (46) is fixedly connected to a sliding tube (47), and the outer surface of the sliding tube (47) is slidably connected to a fixed tube (48). The fixed tube (48) passes through the axis of the upper surface of the top plate (2). The outer surface of the sliding tube (47) is fitted with a first spring (49). The bottom end of the first spring (49) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the fixed tube (48). The top of the outer surface of the sliding tube (47) is fixedly connected to a support plate (410). The end of the support plate (410) is fixedly connected to a first locking ring (411). The inner cavity of the first locking ring (411) is slidably connected to a locking post (412). The opposite surfaces of the locking post (412) and the first locking ring (411) are fixedly connected to a second spring (413). The outer surface of the fixed tube (48) is fixedly connected to a second locking ring (414). The second locking ring (414) is rubbed against the outer surface of the first locking ring (411).

4. The mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture according to claim 3, characterized in that: An elastic rod (63) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening plate (62). A first moving rod (64) is fixedly connected to the top end of the elastic rod (63). The top end of the first moving rod (64) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sliding tube (47). A limiting tube (65) passes through the lower surface of the inclined frame (61). A sliding block (66) is slidably connected to the inner cavity of the limiting tube (65). The upper surface of the sliding block (66) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first moving rod (64). A third spring (67) is sleeved on one side of the inner cavity of the limiting tube (65). A second moving rod (68) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the sliding block (66). A support rod (69) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the second moving rod (68). A barrier plate (610) is fixedly connected to the end of the support rod (69). The barrier plate (610) passes through the inclined frame (61). A material passage hole is opened on the outer side of the barrier plate (610).

5. A mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The upper surface of the screening frame (71) is permeated with a screening mesh (72), the lower surface of the screening frame (71) is fixedly connected with an inclined box (73), the outer side of the inclined box (73) is permeated with a first discharge pipe (74), the upper surface of the screening frame (71) is fixedly connected with an arc plate (77), and the outer side of the screening box (75) is permeated with a second discharge pipe (76).

6. A mineral pre-selection method based on controllable shock wave pre-fracture according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper surface of the screening box (75) is provided with a pushing mechanism (79). The pushing mechanism (79) includes a support frame (791). The support frame (791) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the screening box (75). The upper surface of the support frame (791) is provided with a transverse moving mechanism (792). The inner wall of the support frame (791) is provided with a limiting rod (793). The outer surface of the limiting rod (793) is slidably connected with a sliding sleeve (794). The lower surface of the sliding sleeve (794) is fixedly connected with a moving frame (795). The moving frame (795) is fixedly connected to the movable end of the transverse moving mechanism (792). The lower surface of the moving frame (795) is fixedly connected with a pushing plate (796).

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