Environment-friendly bamboo fiber building board and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of building boards, and discloses an environment-friendly bamboo fiber building board and a preparation method thereof. The bamboo fiber building board is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 to 100 parts of modified bamboo fiber, 50 to 80 parts of solid waste aggregate, 35 to 50 parts of diatomite, 30 to 40 parts of resin, 30 to 40 parts of plant starch, 28 to 35 parts of reinforced fiber, 2 to 5 parts of waterproof agent, 3 to 10 parts of flame retardant and 1 to 3 parts of nano titanium dioxide. After the bamboo fibers are modified, the interface bonding force is improved, the bamboo fibers can form a three-dimensional reinforced network with the solid waste aggregate and other raw materials, and the mechanical property is excellent. The compressive strength, the bending strength and the impact toughness of the board are obviously superior to those of a traditional bamboo fiber building board, and the board has good flame retardance and water resistance and can fully meet the complex requirements of a building structure and decoration. Dependence on traditional resources such as wood is greatly reduced, and the board does not contain harmful chemical substances, conforms to the green and environment-friendly sustainable development concept and is suitable for large-scale application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of building boards, and more specifically relates to an environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, people's environmental awareness is increasing year by year. The construction industry also needs sustainable development and is facing huge changes. The demand for green building materials is increasing day by day, becoming the core driving force for the industry to move forward. Traditional building panels, such as wooden panels, consume a lot of wood, exacerbating deforestation and causing environmental problems. Chemical synthetic panels will continue to release harmful gases such as formaldehyde and benzene during use. These gases not only pollute indoor air, but long-term exposure to such an environment will also seriously threaten human health, may cause respiratory diseases, allergic reactions, and even increase the risk of cancer.

[0003] As a high-quality natural resource, bamboo grows very fast and has a very short maturity period. It can be put into use in just a few years and is renewable, making it an ideal source of green materials. At the same time, bamboo itself has high strength and good toughness, and possesses a series of excellent physical properties. Based on these characteristics, researchers have applied bamboo fiber to building panels, opening up a new green and sustainable development path for the construction industry, showing broad application prospects.

[0004] However, there are still many problems to be overcome in the preparation process and product performance optimization of bamboo fiber building boards on the market. From the perspective of strength, some bamboo fiber building boards are difficult to meet the stringent requirements of high-strength construction scenarios. When subjected to greater pressure or external impact, they are prone to cracking, damage, and other conditions, which greatly limits their application in some key areas. At the same time, the waterproof and moisture-proof performance is poor. Once encountering a humid environment, the board is very easy to absorb water and moisture, which leads to deformation and mold, greatly shortening the service life, and cannot adapt to the complex and changing use environment. In addition, due to the imperfect preparation process, the board also has problems such as dimensional instability and easy deformation during use. These factors are intertwined, seriously hindering the promotion and application of bamboo fiber building boards in the construction field.

[0005] Therefore, how to provide an environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board and a preparation method thereof is a problem that those skilled in the art need to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] An environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board comprises the following raw materials, measured by weight: 60-100 parts of modified bamboo fiber, 50-80 parts of solid waste aggregate, 35-50 parts of diatomaceous earth, 30-40 parts of resin, 30-40 parts of plant starch, 28-35 parts of reinforcing fiber, 2-5 parts of waterproofing agent, 3-10 parts of flame retardant and 1-3 parts of nano titanium dioxide.

[0009] Preferably, the solid waste aggregate is selected from one or more of fly ash, glass powder, and calcined red mud.

[0010] Preferably, the resin is selected from one or more of phenolic resin, epoxy resin and polyurethane resin.

[0011] Preferably, the plant starch is selected from one or more of corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch.

[0012] Preferably, the reinforcing fiber is selected from one or more of alkali-free glass fiber, medium-alkali glass fiber, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, asphalt-based carbon fiber, and basalt fiber.

[0013] Preferably, the waterproofing agent is selected from one of silicone and acrylate.

[0014] Preferably, the flame retardant is a mixture of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board, comprising the following steps:

[0016] (1) Cutting bamboo raw materials into segments, crushing them into fibers, putting them into a steam explosion device, first introducing high-temperature and high-pressure steam, maintaining it for a period of time, and then releasing the pressure instantly, so that the bamboo fibers experience a sudden drop in pressure and explode, then washing them with water, and drying them;

[0017] (2) placing the dried bamboo fiber into a plasma treatment device, introducing argon gas as a working gas, generating low-temperature plasma, and performing plasma treatment to obtain modified bamboo fiber;

[0018] (3) Adding solid waste aggregate, diatomaceous earth, resin, plant starch, reinforcing fiber, waterproofing agent, flame retardant and nano titanium dioxide into a high-speed mixer, maintaining a rotation speed of 800 to 1000 r / min, stirring for 0.5 to 1 hour, then adding modified bamboo fiber, and continuing to stir for 1 to 2 hours to obtain a uniformly mixed material;

[0019] (4) Add the material into a mold, perform hot pressing molding, and then cool naturally to obtain a bamboo fiber building board.

[0020] Preferably, the temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam in step (1) is 190-200° C., the pressure is 2-3 MPa, and is maintained for 15-20 minutes.

[0021] Preferably, the power of the plasma treatment in step (2) is 120 to 150 W, and the time is 10 to 15 minutes.

[0022] Preferably, the pressure of the hot pressing molding in step (4) is 10-12 MPa and the temperature is 160-180°C.

[0023] It can be seen from the above technical solutions that, compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board and a preparation method thereof, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) The bamboo fiber of the present invention has improved interfacial bonding force after modification, and can form a three-dimensional reinforced network with raw materials such as solid waste aggregates, and has excellent mechanical properties. The addition of reinforcing fibers and resins effectively improves the strength and rigidity of the board. The compressive strength, flexural strength and impact toughness of the board are significantly better than those of traditional bamboo fiber building boards, and it has good flame retardant and water resistance, which can fully meet the complex needs of building structures and decoration. Plant starch is widely available and low-cost, and plays a bonding and filling role, effectively enhancing the structural stability of the board. Nano-titanium dioxide has excellent photocatalytic properties, which can not only effectively decompose harmful organic matter in the air and purify the air, but also enhance the weather resistance of the board, making it less prone to aging under long-term light.

[0025] (2) The present invention conducts a steam explosion combined treatment on bamboo fiber. Under high temperature and high pressure environment, the water inside the bamboo fiber rapidly vaporizes and expands, which has a destructive effect on the structure of hemicellulose and lignin. Then the pressure is suddenly released, and the chemical bonds between hemicellulose and lignin are broken during the explosion process, and part of hemicellulose and lignin are separated from the bamboo fiber. The bamboo fiber after steam explosion treatment is then washed and dried to remove residual impurities and moisture. Not only can hemicellulose and lignin be effectively removed, but also the specific surface area of ​​bamboo fiber can be increased, and the surface activity is improved, which is conducive to the subsequent compounding with other raw materials. The plasma interacts with the surface of bamboo fiber, introducing new functional groups, such as carbonyl and carboxyl, etc., further improving the surface activity and roughness of bamboo fiber, enhancing its interfacial compatibility with other raw materials, and improving waterproof performance.

[0026] (3) The present invention greatly reduces the dependence on traditional resources such as wood. The board does not contain harmful chemicals, avoiding harm to the human body. It also realizes the recycling of industrial solid waste aggregates, conforms to the concept of green and environmentally friendly sustainable development, and is suitable for large-scale application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] An environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board comprises the following raw materials, measured by weight: 60 parts of modified bamboo fiber, 50 parts of fly ash, 35 parts of diatomaceous earth, 30 parts of phenolic resin, 30 parts of corn starch, 28 parts of alkali-free glass fiber, 2 parts of acrylate, 3 parts of a mixture of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and 1 part of nano titanium dioxide.

[0030] A method for preparing an environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board comprises the following steps:

[0031] (1) Cutting bamboo raw materials into segments, crushing them into fibers, and putting them into a steam explosion device, first introducing high-temperature and high-pressure steam at a temperature of 200° C. and a pressure of 3 MPa, maintaining for 20 minutes, and then releasing the pressure instantly to make the bamboo fibers explode due to a sudden pressure drop, washing them with water, and drying them;

[0032] (2) placing the dried bamboo fiber into a plasma treatment device, introducing argon gas as a working gas, generating low-temperature plasma, and performing plasma treatment at a power of 150 W for 15 min to obtain modified bamboo fiber;

[0033] (3) Add solid waste aggregate, diatomaceous earth, resin, plant starch, reinforcing fiber, waterproofing agent, flame retardant and nano titanium dioxide into a high-speed mixer, maintain a speed of 1000 r / min, stir for 1 hour, then add modified bamboo fiber, continue stirring for 2 hours, and obtain a uniformly mixed material;

[0034] (4) The material is added into a mold and hot-pressed at a pressure of 12 MPa and a temperature of 180° C., and then naturally cooled to obtain a bamboo fiber building board.

[0035] Example 2

[0036] An environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board comprises the following raw materials, measured by weight: 100 parts of modified bamboo fiber, 80 parts of fly ash, 50 parts of diatomaceous earth, 40 parts of phenolic resin, 40 parts of corn starch, 35 parts of alkali-free glass fiber, 5 parts of acrylate, 10 parts of a mixture of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and 3 parts of nano titanium dioxide.

[0037] A method for preparing an environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board comprises the following steps:

[0038] (1) Cutting bamboo raw materials into segments, crushing them into fibers, and putting them into a steam explosion device, first introducing high-temperature and high-pressure steam at a temperature of 200° C. and a pressure of 3 MPa, maintaining for 20 minutes, and then releasing the pressure instantly to make the bamboo fibers explode due to a sudden pressure drop, washing them with water, and drying them;

[0039] (2) placing the dried bamboo fiber into a plasma treatment device, introducing argon gas as a working gas, generating low-temperature plasma, and performing plasma treatment at a power of 150 W for 15 min to obtain modified bamboo fiber;

[0040] (3) Add solid waste aggregate, diatomaceous earth, resin, plant starch, reinforcing fiber, waterproofing agent, flame retardant and nano titanium dioxide into a high-speed mixer, maintain a speed of 1000 r / min, stir for 1 hour, then add modified bamboo fiber, continue stirring for 2 hours, and obtain a uniformly mixed material;

[0041] (4) The material is added into a mold and hot-pressed at a pressure of 12 MPa and a temperature of 180° C., and then naturally cooled to obtain a bamboo fiber building board.

[0042] Example 3

[0043] An environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board comprises the following raw materials, measured by weight: 80 parts of modified bamboo fiber, 60 parts of fly ash, 40 parts of diatomaceous earth, 35 parts of phenolic resin, 35 parts of corn starch, 30 parts of alkali-free glass fiber, 3 parts of acrylate, 5 parts of a mixture of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, and 2 parts of nano titanium dioxide.

[0044] A method for preparing an environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board comprises the following steps:

[0045] (1) Cutting bamboo raw materials into segments, crushing them into fibers, and putting them into a steam explosion device, first introducing high-temperature and high-pressure steam at a temperature of 200° C. and a pressure of 3 MPa, maintaining for 20 minutes, and then releasing the pressure instantly to make the bamboo fibers explode due to a sudden pressure drop, washing them with water, and drying them;

[0046] (2) placing the dried bamboo fiber into a plasma treatment device, introducing argon gas as a working gas, generating low-temperature plasma, and performing plasma treatment at a power of 150 W for 15 min to obtain modified bamboo fiber;

[0047] (3) Add solid waste aggregate, diatomaceous earth, resin, plant starch, reinforcing fiber, waterproofing agent, flame retardant and nano titanium dioxide into a high-speed mixer, maintain a speed of 1000 r / min, stir for 1 hour, then add modified bamboo fiber, continue stirring for 2 hours, and obtain a uniformly mixed material;

[0048] (4) The material is added into a mold and hot-pressed at a pressure of 12 MPa and a temperature of 180° C., and then naturally cooled to obtain a bamboo fiber building board.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] The difference from Example 3 is that ordinary bamboo fiber is used instead of modified bamboo fiber, and the rest is the same. A bamboo fiber building board is obtained.

[0051] Comparative Example 2

[0052] The difference from Example 3 is that no reinforcing fiber is added, and the rest is the same. A bamboo fiber building board is obtained.

[0053] Comparative Example 3

[0054] The difference from Example 3 is that no resin is added, and the rest is the same. A bamboo fiber building board is obtained.

[0055] Performance Testing

[0056] The bamboo fiber building boards prepared in the embodiments and comparative examples were subjected to compression and bending tests, as well as a 24h immersion water absorption test. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0057] Table 1

[0058] Group Compressive strength MPa Bending strength MPa Water absorption % Example 1 41 56 3.8 Example 2 42 60 3.3 Example 3 47 63 3.1 Comparative Example 1 25 39 6.1 Comparative Example 2 22 38 6.5 Comparative Example 3 30 43 5.4

[0059] The bamboo fiber building board prepared in each embodiment was tested for formaldehyde emission level according to GB / T 39600-2021, and for combustion performance level according to GB8624-2012. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0060] Table 2

[0061] Group Formaldehyde emission level Combustion performance grade Example 1 <![CDATA[E NF ]]> B Example 2 <![CDATA[E NF ]]> A Example 3 <![CDATA[E NF ]]> A

[0062] In summary, the raw materials and processes of the present invention effectively improve the strength and rigidity of the board, and the compressive strength, flexural strength and impact toughness are significantly better than those of traditional bamboo fiber building boards, and have good flame retardant and water-resistant properties. The board does not contain harmful chemicals and can fully meet the complex needs of building structures and decoration.

[0063] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the scheme disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0064] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables one skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to one skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but rather to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board, characterized in that: Calculated by weight, the raw materials include: 60-100 parts of modified bamboo fiber, 50-80 parts of solid waste aggregate, 35-50 parts of diatomaceous earth, 30-40 parts of resin, 30-40 parts of plant starch, 28-35 parts of reinforcing fiber, 2-5 parts of waterproofing agent, 3-10 parts of flame retardant and 1-3 parts of nano titanium dioxide.

2. The environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solid waste aggregate is selected from one or more of fly ash, glass powder, and calcined red mud.

3. The environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The resin is selected from one or more of phenolic resin, epoxy resin and polyurethane resin.

4. The environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant starch is selected from one or more of corn starch, tapioca starch and potato starch.

5. The environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing fiber is selected from one or more of alkali-free glass fiber, medium-alkali glass fiber, polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber, asphalt-based carbon fiber, and basalt fiber.

6. The environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproofing agent is selected from one of silicone and acrylate.

7. The environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flame retardant is a mixture of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.

8. A method for preparing an environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Cutting bamboo raw materials into segments, crushing them into fibers, putting them into a steam explosion device, first introducing high-temperature and high-pressure steam, maintaining it for a period of time, and then releasing the pressure instantly, so that the bamboo fibers experience a sudden drop in pressure and explode, then washing them with water, and drying them; (2) placing the dried bamboo fiber into a plasma treatment device, introducing argon gas as a working gas, generating low-temperature plasma, and performing plasma treatment to obtain modified bamboo fiber; (3) Adding solid waste aggregate, diatomaceous earth, resin, plant starch, reinforcing fiber, waterproofing agent, flame retardant and nano titanium dioxide into a high-speed mixer, maintaining a rotation speed of 800 to 1000 r / min, stirring for 0.5 to 1 hour, then adding modified bamboo fiber, and continuing to stir for 1 to 2 hours to obtain a uniformly mixed material; (4) Add the material into a mold, perform hot pressing molding, and then cool naturally to obtain a bamboo fiber building board.

9. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature of the high-temperature and high-pressure steam in step (1) is 190-200° C., the pressure is 2-3 MPa, and is maintained for 15-20 minutes.

10. The method for preparing an environmentally friendly bamboo fiber building board according to claim 8, characterized in that: The power of the plasma treatment in step (2) is 120-150 W, and the time is 10-15 min.