A thermal transfer printing method for an anode catalyst for water electrolysis based on an anion exchange membrane

Abstract

The application provides a thermal transfer printing method based on an anion exchange membrane water electrolysis anode catalyst, and comprises the following steps: A) mixing an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, a binder and a solvent to obtain an anode catalyst dispersion liquid, wherein the binder is selected from a PTFE solution; B) coating the anode catalyst dispersion liquid on the surface of a transfer printing substrate, and then performing thermal pressure transfer printing after covering an anion exchange membrane. The method provided by the application can improve the contact between the catalyst and the membrane, improve the stability of the catalyst layer, effectively avoid the swelling phenomenon of the anion exchange membrane, reduce the preparation cost of the membrane electrode, and ensure the performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of membrane electrode technology, specifically relating to a thermal transfer method for anion exchange membrane electrolysis of water anolyte catalyst. Background Technology

[0002] With increasing global climate change, a green transformation of energy production, storage, and use is urgently needed for human society. As a clean, efficient, and renewable energy source, hydrogen energy is a crucial medium for achieving a green energy transition and global decarbonization goals. Water electrolysis is one of the important sources of hydrogen production. Water electrolysis for hydrogen production is highly efficient, reaching over 70%, and can be flexibly combined with other renewable energy sources (such as wind and solar power), making energy storage and conversion easier. Currently, water electrolysis for hydrogen production mainly includes four types: alkaline water electrolysis (ALK), proton exchange membrane (PEM), anion exchange membrane (AEM), and solid oxide electrolysis (SOEC). ALK technology is a pioneer in water electrolysis and is currently maturely applied in industrial production, but it has limitations due to high energy consumption. PEM water electrolysis stands out in hydrogen production due to its low energy consumption and compact equipment, but it requires strong acid and oxidizing conditions and relies on precious metal catalysts (such as iridium and platinum), resulting in high costs and difficulty in large-scale deployment. AEM water electrolysis is developed based on PEM and ALK, combining the advantages of both. It uses a low-cost non-precious metal catalyst, and the anion exchange membrane can effectively conduct hydroxide ions, avoiding the high energy consumption problem caused by the diffusion and transfer of gas and electrons on the electrode.

[0003] Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is the core component of water electrolysis devices, and its structure directly affects the efficiency and stability of the electrolysis system. Currently, MEA fabrication processes are primarily based on acid proton exchange membrane (PEM) technology. However, the main components of anion exchange membranes include polystyrene, polysulfone, polyimide, or polyether frameworks containing quaternary ammonium salt groups. Compared to perfluorosulfonic acid or partially fluorosulfonic acid polymer membranes, anion exchange membranes exhibit higher swelling ratios and poorer mechanical stability. Current MEA fabrication processes include catalyst-coated membrane (CCM) and catalyst-coated substrate (CCS) processes. Compared to the CCS process, directly coating the catalyst onto the membrane eliminates the need for a substrate, thus reducing the cost of the MEA assembly. Simultaneously, this method results in a stronger bond between the catalyst and the membrane, reducing the increased contact resistance caused by membrane swelling, and is therefore considered a next-generation MEA fabrication process.

[0004] Currently, the main methods for preparing membrane electrodes based on CCM include ultrasonic spraying, direct coating (scalpel coating), transfer coating, and roller coating. Among these, ultrasonic spraying is time-consuming and unsuitable for preparing large-area membrane electrodes. Due to the high swelling ratio of anion exchange membranes, direct coating and roller coating are also unsuitable for large-area coating on the membrane. However, coating the catalyst over a large area on a transfer substrate using direct coating or roller coating, and then transferring the catalyst from the transfer substrate to the membrane using thermal transfer, has become a highly promising method for large-area preparation of CCM membrane electrodes. However, thermal transfer makes it difficult to achieve complete separation of the catalyst layer, resulting in low catalyst utilization. Achieving perfect transfer, i.e., complete separation of the catalyst layer, places high demands on the catalyst, binder, and membrane.

[0005] Therefore, providing a transfer method that can achieve complete separation of the catalyst layer has become a problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a thermal transfer method for anion exchange membrane electrolysis anode catalyst, which can achieve complete separation of the catalyst layer.

[0007] This invention provides a thermal transfer method for anion exchange membrane electrolysis water anolyte catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0008] A) Mixing an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, a binder, and a solvent yields an anode catalyst dispersion, wherein the binder is selected from a PTFE solution;

[0009] B) The anode catalyst dispersion is coated onto the surface of the transfer substrate, and then covered with an anion exchange membrane before hot pressing transfer.

[0010] Preferably, the preparation method of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst includes the following steps:

[0011] S1) The nickel source and the iron source are mixed in water to obtain a precursor mixture;

[0012] S2) After mixing the aqueous solution containing the surfactant with the precursor mixture, the pH value is adjusted to acidic to obtain the intermediate solution;

[0013] S3) Under low temperature conditions, the intermediate solution and the reducing agent solution are mixed and reacted to obtain an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst.

[0014] Preferably, the PTFE solution has a mass fraction of 40% to 80%.

[0015] Preferably, the solvent is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and water, and is preferably methanol or an aqueous methanol solution.

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of PTFE in the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst to the binder is 1:(0.2~0.35).

[0017] The mass ratio of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst to the solvent is 1:(120~133).

[0018] Preferably, the substrate is Teflon cloth, and the thickness of the substrate is 60~80 µm.

[0019] Preferably, the thickness of the anion exchange membrane is 40~90 µm.

[0020] Preferably, the coating is selected from ultrasonic spraying;

[0021] During the ultrasonic spraying process, adsorption and heating drying are performed to remove the solvent, and the heating temperature is 60~80℃.

[0022] Preferably, the temperature of the hot pressing transfer is 90~160℃, the hot pressing transfer time is 20~50 min, and the hot pressing transfer pressure is 450~550 kPa.

[0023] The present invention also provides a membrane electrode assembly for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, comprising a cathode gas diffusion layer / cathode catalyst layer / anion exchange membrane / anode catalyst layer / anode gas diffusion layer sequentially compounded.

[0024] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides a thermal transfer method for anion exchange membrane-based water electrolysis anode catalyst, comprising the following steps: A) mixing an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, a binder, and a solvent to obtain an anode catalyst dispersion, wherein the binder is selected from PTFE solution; B) coating the anode catalyst dispersion onto the surface of a transfer substrate, then covering it with an anion exchange membrane and performing hot-press transfer. The method provided by this invention can improve the contact between the catalyst and the membrane, enhance the stability of the catalyst layer, effectively avoid the swelling phenomenon of the anion exchange membrane, and simultaneously reduce the cost of membrane electrode fabrication while ensuring performance. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 Here is a SEM image of the nickel-iron composite material prepared in Example 1 of this invention;

[0026] Figure 2 The image shows a TEM image of the nickel-iron composite material prepared in Example 1 of this invention.

[0027] Figure 3 The image shows an XRD pattern of the nickel-iron composite material prepared in Example 1 of this invention.

[0028] Figure 4This is an image showing the transfer effect of the catalyst layer from the substrate to the film in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 The image shows the catalyst layer after transfer in Example 1 of this invention, which cannot be wiped off with water.

[0030] Figure 6 The image shows the performance of the membrane electrode prepared by the thermal transfer method in Example 1 of this invention when used in an AEM electrolysis device.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a picture showing the transfer effect of the catalyst layer from the substrate to the film in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is an image showing the transfer effect of the catalyst layer from the substrate to the film in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] This invention provides a thermal transfer method for anion exchange membrane electrolysis water anolyte catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0034] A) Mixing an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, a binder, and a solvent yields an anode catalyst dispersion, wherein the binder is selected from a PTFE solution;

[0035] B) The anode catalyst dispersion is coated onto the surface of the transfer substrate, and then covered with an anion exchange membrane before hot pressing transfer.

[0036] Specifically, the present invention first prepares an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, wherein the preparation method of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst includes the following steps:

[0037] S1) The nickel source and the iron source are mixed in water to obtain a precursor mixture;

[0038] S2) After mixing the aqueous solution containing the surfactant with the precursor mixture, the pH value is adjusted to acidic to obtain the intermediate solution;

[0039] S3) Under low temperature conditions, the intermediate solution and the reducing agent solution are mixed and reacted to obtain an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst.

[0040] The nickel source is selected from one or more of nickel dichloride hexahydrate, nickel sulfate hexahydrate, nickel nitrate hexahydrate, and nickel acetylacetonate; the iron source is selected from one or more of ferric chloride hexahydrate, ferric sulfate, ferric nitrate nonahydrate, and ferric triacetylacetonate; the surfactant is selected from nonionic surfactants, quaternary ammonium salt surfactants, and alkyl sulfate surfactants; the reducing agent in the reducing agent solution is selected from metal hydride reducing agents; and the solvent in the reducing agent solution is selected from water and / or alcohol solvents.

[0041] The molar ratio of nickel source to iron source is (1~4):1; the ratio of surfactant to iron source is (50~200) mg:1 mmol; the molar ratio of total nickel and iron source to reducing agent is 1:(3~8). The total molar concentration of nickel and iron source in the precursor mixture is 0.05~0.5 mol / L; the concentration of surfactant in the aqueous solution containing surfactant is 5~20 mg / mL; the concentration of reducing agent in the reducing agent solution is 0.05~0.2 mol / L. The pH value of the intermediate solution is 3~5. The low temperature condition is 5℃~15℃; the reaction temperature is 5℃~15℃; the reaction time is 5~30 min.

[0042] The product after the reduction reaction was separated by filtration, washed twice with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, and then dried under vacuum.

[0043] In this invention, the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst is amorphous and has a nanosheet morphology.

[0044] Then, the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, binder, and solvent are mixed to obtain an anode catalyst dispersion.

[0045] The binder is selected from a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) solution, and the mass fraction of the PTFE solution is 40% to 80%, which can be 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, or any value between 40% and 80%. In this invention, the binder is crucial for ensuring the complete separation of the catalyst layer from the substrate.

[0046] The mass ratio of PTFE in the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst to the binder is 1:(0.2~0.35), which can be any value between 1:0.2, 1:0.25, 1:0.3, 1:0.35, or 1:(0.2~0.35).

[0047] The solvent is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and water, preferably methanol or an aqueous methanol solution.

[0048] The mass ratio of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst to the solvent is 1:(120~133).

[0049] The present invention does not impose any particular limitation on the mixing method. Preferably, the mixing method is as follows:

[0050] The prepared anode catalyst was ball-milled, the ground powder was dispersed in a solvent, and PTFE binder was added and ultrasonically treated to obtain an anode catalyst dispersion.

[0051] Then, the anode catalyst dispersion is coated onto the surface of the transfer substrate, covered with an anion exchange membrane, and then hot-pressed for transfer.

[0052] In this invention, the substrate is Teflon cloth, and the thickness of the substrate is 60~80 µm, which can be any value between 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, or 60~80 µm.

[0053] In this invention, the coating is preferably ultrasonic spraying;

[0054] During the ultrasonic spraying process, adsorption and heating drying are performed to remove the solvent. The heating temperature is 60~80℃, and can be any value between 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, or 60~80℃.

[0055] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, prior to coating, an anionic polymer layer is coated onto the substrate surface, wherein the anionic polymer is selected from one or more of polyurethane, polyether, and epoxy. This anionic polymer layer ensures smoother subsequent peeling of the cationic catalyst film from the substrate. Then, the catalyst dispersion is sprayed on.

[0056] After the anode catalyst dispersion is coated, an anion exchange membrane is then covered and hot-pressed for transfer.

[0057] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, before covering the anion exchange membrane, an anion polymer layer is coated on the surface of the anode catalyst layer, wherein the anion polymer is selected from one or more of polyurethane, polyether, and epoxy. The anion polymer layer can increase the adhesion between the anode catalyst layer and the anion exchange membrane, improving the thermal transfer effect.

[0058] The thickness of the anion exchange membrane is 40~90 µm, and can be any value between 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, or 40~90 µm.

[0059] The temperature for hot pressing transfer is 90~160℃, which can be any value between 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160℃, or 90~160℃. The time for hot pressing transfer is 20~50 min, which can be any value between 20, 30, 40, 50, or 20~50 min. The pressure for hot pressing transfer is 450~550 kPa, which can be any value between 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550 kPa, or 450~550 kPa.

[0060] The thermal transfer method enables the complete transfer of amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst from the transfer substrate to the anion exchange membrane, and the amorphous nickel-iron anode catalyst adheres firmly to the membrane, making it impossible to wipe off with a damp cloth.

[0061] The present invention also provides an anion exchange membrane / anodine catalyst layer prepared by the above-mentioned thermal transfer method, wherein the thickness of the anode catalyst layer is 10~30 µm, and can be any value between 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, or 10~30 µm.

[0062] The present invention also provides a membrane electrode assembly, comprising a cathode gas diffusion layer / cathode catalyst layer / anion exchange membrane / anode catalyst layer / anode gas diffusion layer sequentially laminated together. The anion exchange membrane / anode catalyst layer is prepared by the aforementioned thermal transfer method.

[0063] The present invention uses the membrane electrode assembly for hydrogen production by water electrolysis.

[0064] The method provided by this invention can improve the contact between the catalyst and the membrane, enhance the stability of the catalyst layer, effectively avoid the swelling phenomenon of the anion exchange membrane, reduce the preparation cost of the membrane electrode, and ensure performance.

[0065] To further understand the present invention, the following embodiments illustrate the thermal transfer method based on anion exchange membrane electrolysis anode catalyst provided by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] Preparation of amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst:

[0068] 11.25 mmol nickel chloride hexahydrate and 3.75 mmol ferric chloride hexahydrate were added to 150 mL of deionized water, and the mixture was stirred steadily at 600 r / min for 20 minutes. 0.1 mol sodium borohydride was added to 750 mL of deionized water, and after ultrasonic dispersion to remove air bubbles, the sodium borohydride solution was slowly poured into the nickel-iron mixture. The reaction was allowed to continue for 20 minutes. After the reaction was complete, a black solid product was obtained by filtration and washed twice with water and twice with alcohol. After drying the solid product for 24 hours, it was thoroughly ground to obtain the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst.

[0069] SEM images confirm that the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst prepared above exhibits a nanosheet morphology. (SEM images are shown below.) Figure 1 .

[0070] TEM images confirm that the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst prepared above exhibits a nanosheet morphology and is uniformly distributed. (TEM images are shown below.) Figure 2 .

[0071] The crystal structure of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst prepared above can be confirmed as an amorphous phase by XRD pattern, as shown in the figure. Figure 3 .

[0072] Preparation of anolyte catalyst dispersion:

[0073] 150 mg of catalyst, 4.5 g of 2 mm diameter zirconia grinding balls, 1.5 g of 3 mm diameter zirconia grinding balls, and 500 µL of water were added, and ball milling was performed to ensure that the catalyst was uniformly and thoroughly milled. Then, the catalyst was completely dispersed in a mixed solvent containing 15 mL of methanol and 5 mL of deionized water, and 83.33 mg of 60% PTFE solution was added as a binder. The mixture was then ultrasonically dispersed to obtain a uniform catalyst dispersion.

[0074] Ultrasonic spraying method for constructing catalyst layers on transfer substrates:

[0075] The transfer substrate (4×4 cm Teflon cloth) was heated on the heating plate of an ultrasonic sprayer to rapidly evaporate the solvent. The heating temperature was set to 80℃, the adsorption pressure to 0.4 MPa, and the spraying rate to 0.3 mL / min. Before spraying the anolyte catalyst onto the transfer substrate, a layer of 1.2% (w / w) polyurethane anionic polymer was first sprayed onto the transfer substrate. Subsequently, the prepared anolyte catalyst was sprayed onto the transfer substrate at a loading of 1 mg / cm³. 2 After the anode catalyst is coated, a layer of polyurethane anionic polymer with a mass fraction of 1.2% is then sprayed onto it. Finally, a transfer substrate with the anode catalyst layer is obtained.

[0076] Thermal transfer printing is used to transfer the catalyst layer from the substrate to the film.

[0077] The AEM membrane (40 μm thick) was brought into contact with the side of the transfer substrate carrying the anode catalyst, and both were placed together in the middle of a hot-pressing carbon plate. The hot-pressing temperature was set to 160 °C, and the hot-pressing program was as follows: pressurize from 0 kPa to 500 kPa in 1 minute, hold for 30 minutes, and then depressurize to 0 kPa in 1 minute. After hot pressing, the AEM membrane was removed, and the catalyst layer was completely transferred onto the AEM.

[0078] The transfer effect of the catalyst layer from the transfer substrate to the film is shown in the figure. Figure 4 .

[0079] The transferred catalyst layer cannot be removed by gently wiping with a damp cloth, such as Figure 5 As shown.

[0080] In summary, the thermal transfer method of the present invention can achieve complete transfer of the catalyst layer from the substrate to the film, and the transferred catalyst layer has good stability.

[0081] Application of amorphous nickel-iron anode catalyst layers prepared by thermal transfer method in AEM water electrolysis:

[0082] The prepared AEM membrane carrying the anode catalyst layer, the cathode catalyst (the cathode catalyst layer being platinum-carbon sprayed onto carbon paper), and the gas diffusion layer were combined to form the membrane electrode assembly of the AEM electrolyzer. Polarization curve (VI) tests were performed at 80°C by circulating a 1 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution on the anode side. Performance was as follows... Figure 6 As shown, at 2 A / cm 2 At the given current density, the test voltage was 1.89 V.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] The amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst was prepared using the same method as in Example 1. When preparing the anode catalyst dispersion, 40 mg of a 60% PTFE solution was added as a binder. Subsequently, ultrasonic spraying and thermal transfer were performed using the same method, achieving complete separation of the catalyst layer with the same transfer effect. Figure 4 .

[0085] Example 3

[0086] In the implementation of thermal transfer, the thickness of the anion exchange membrane (AEM) was changed to a 60 μm AEM membrane. All other experimental conditions remained identical to those in Example 1, and complete separation of the catalyst layer was still achieved, with the same transfer effect. Figure 4 .

[0087] Comparative Example 1

[0088] In Comparative Example 1, the preparation of the anode catalyst and the anode catalyst dispersion were exactly the same as in Example 1. The same methods for preparing the anode catalyst and catalyst dispersion as in Example 1 were used. The only difference was that in Comparative Example 1, the amorphous nickel-iron anode catalyst was directly sprayed onto the AEM film. The specific steps were as follows: The AEM film was placed on the heating plate of an ultrasonic sprayer for heating to allow the solvent to evaporate rapidly. The heating temperature was set to 80°C, the adsorption pressure to 0.4 MPa, and the spraying rate to 0.3 mL / min. The prepared anode catalyst was sprayed onto the AEM film, with a catalyst loading of 1 mg / cm³. 2After the anode catalyst coating is completed, a transfer substrate loaded with the anode catalyst layer is finally obtained. The AEM membrane with the anode catalyst layer obtained by direct spraying, the cathode catalyst (the cathode catalyst layer is platinum-carbon sprayed onto carbon paper), and the gas diffusion layer are combined to form the membrane electrode assembly of the AEM electrolyzer. Polarization curve (VI) tests are performed at 80°C by circulating a 1 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution on the anode side. Performance is as follows... Figure 6 As shown, at 2 A / cm 2 At the given current density, the test voltage is 2.0 V.

[0089] Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3

[0090] In Comparative Example 2, polyurethane anionic polymer was used as a binder. The amount of binder and other experimental conditions were exactly the same as in Example 1. Complete transfer of the catalyst layer could not be achieved; the transfer effect is shown in [see figure]. Figure 7 .like Figure 7 As shown, complete transfer of the catalyst layer cannot be achieved.

[0091] In Comparative Example 3, the amount of PTFE binder was increased by adding 120 mg of a 60% PTFE solution. All other experimental conditions were exactly the same as in Example 1. Complete transfer of the catalyst layer could not be achieved; the transfer effect is shown in [the original text]. Figure 8 .

[0092] Comparative Example 4

[0093] In Comparative Example 4, the type of solvent was changed in the preparation of the anode catalyst dispersion, while all other experimental conditions were exactly the same as in Example 1. After ball milling, the catalyst could not be completely dispersed using a mixed solvent containing 15 mL of ethylene glycol and 5 mL of deionized water. This would clog the pipeline during ultrasonic spraying and affect the uniform dispersion of the catalyst layer.

[0094] Therefore, the thermal transfer method of the present invention is only applicable to the electrolysis of water by anion exchange membrane (AEM) with amorphous nickel-iron composite nanomaterial as anode catalyst and PTFE as binder, and the amount of binder should not be too much, and should be controlled at 20% to 35% of the amount of catalyst.

[0095] In summary, this invention provides a thermal transfer method for anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis anode catalyst. The thermal transfer method enables complete separation of the catalyst layer. Compared to membrane electrodes prepared by directly spraying the catalyst onto the AEM membrane, the anode catalyst adheres more firmly to the membrane in the membrane electrode prepared using this method. This improvement avoids problems such as membrane damage due to swelling when using direct spraying. Furthermore, the membrane electrode prepared using this method exhibits superior AEM water electrolysis performance.

[0096] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal transfer method for anion exchange membrane electrolysis water anolyte catalyst, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A) An amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, a binder, and a solvent are mixed to obtain an anode catalyst dispersion. The binder is selected from PTFE solution, and the mass ratio of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst to PTFE in the binder is 1:(0.2~0.35). The solvent is selected from methanol or methanol-water solution. B) The anode catalyst dispersion is coated onto the surface of the transfer substrate, and then covered with an anion exchange membrane before hot pressing transfer.

2. The heat transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst includes the following steps: S1) The nickel source and the iron source are mixed in water to obtain a precursor mixture; S2) After mixing the aqueous solution containing the surfactant with the precursor mixture, the pH value is adjusted to acidic to obtain the intermediate solution; S3) Under low temperature conditions, the intermediate solution and the reducing agent solution are mixed and reacted to obtain an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst.

3. The heat transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The PTFE solution has a mass fraction of 40% to 80%.

4. The heat transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst to the solvent is 1:(120~133).

5. The heat transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The substrate is Teflon cloth, and the thickness of the substrate is 60~80 µm.

6. The heat transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the anion exchange membrane is 40~90µm.

7. The heat transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coating is selected from ultrasonic spraying; During the ultrasonic spraying process, adsorption and heating drying are performed to remove the solvent, and the heating temperature is 60~80℃.

8. The heat transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hot-press transfer temperature is 90~160℃, the hot-press transfer time is 20~50 min, and the hot-press transfer pressure is 450~550 KPa.

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