top-sustaining longwall mining method

Abstract

The disclosure provides an upward horizontal layer filling mining method with support column roof protection, and relates to the technical field of mining engineering, and the method comprises the following steps: a plurality of layers are divided in a mine chamber; the layers are evenly divided into a plurality of stope fields perpendicular to the ore body trend along the ore body trend; the ore bodies of the plurality of stope fields are sequentially mined; a plurality of support columns for supporting the roof of the ore body are vertically arranged in the stope field which has been mined out; after all the stope fields in the layer are mined, one-time filling is performed; the above steps are repeated until all the ore bodies in the mine chamber are mined. The upward horizontal layer filling mining method with support column roof protection can improve the ore recovery rate, the safety of the mine chamber and the mining efficiency, realizes the effective balance of safety, economy and high efficiency, and has a wide application prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mining engineering, and particularly relates to an upward horizontal slicing filling mining method with support columns. BACKGROUND

[0002] The upward horizontal slicing filling mining method is a mining method that can be applied to different environments, and has the advantages of strong adaptability to changes in ore body morphology, low mining loss rate, low ore dilution rate, and high production efficiency. However, the method has no support measures in large-area slicing, and has low safety. To solve such problems, some mines begin to use a point column mechanical upward slicing filling method to replace the upward slicing mining method, that is, a point column is left in the ore room, and the point column has the advantages of supporting the roof and expanding the stope area. However, the point column is extremely easy to brittle split under single-axis loading conditions, and the left point column causes serious loss of ore resources. If the mechanical point column upward horizontal slicing filling method is replaced by an upward slicing stope filling mining method, that is, after a stope is mined, the stope is filled, which can avoid the loss of the point column, but reduces the production capacity of the stope, and the filling process is relatively complex and has high cost. Therefore, how to simultaneously consider safety, economy, and efficiency is a technical problem in current mine safety and efficient stoping operations. SUMMARY

[0003] In view of this, the present application aims to provide an upward horizontal slicing filling mining method with support columns to solve the problems of low ore recovery rate and unstable support effect.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides an upward horizontal slicing filling mining method with support columns, which comprises:

[0005] dividing the ore body to be mined into multiple stages along the vertical direction;

[0006] dividing each of the stages into multiple ore rooms along the horizontal direction;

[0007] dividing each of the ore rooms into multiple slices along the vertical direction, and sequentially stoping the ore body in each of the slices from bottom to top; wherein the step of stoping the ore body in each of the slices comprises:

[0008] uniformly dividing the slice into multiple vertical stope along the ore body strike, and sequentially stoping the target ore body in the multiple stope along the ore body strike;

[0009] vertically arranging multiple support columns for supporting the roof of the ore body in the mined-out stope at intervals, and arranging the multiple support columns along the vertical ore body strike in the mined-out stope;

[0010] After each of the sub-layers is mined, the current mined-out sub-layer is uniformly backfilled with tailings cementation, and then the mining of the next sub-layer is performed until the mining of all the sub-layers is completed.

[0011] Further, the multiple stopes are divided into target stopes and non-target stopes, and the target stopes and the non-target stopes are arranged in intervals;

[0012] When the first stope is the target stope, the multiple support columns arranged in intervals in the mined-out stope to support the roof of the ore body vertically comprise:

[0013] After the mining of the first target stope is completed, multiple support columns arranged vertically in the first target stope along the vertical direction of the ore body to support the roof of the ore body are arranged.

[0014] While the mining of each of the remaining target stopes is performed, multiple support columns arranged vertically in the mined-out section of the current target stope along the vertical direction of the ore body to support the roof of the ore body are arranged.

[0015] When the first stope is the non-target stope, the multiple support columns arranged in intervals in the mined-out stope to support the roof of the ore body vertically comprise:

[0016] While the mining of each of the target stopes is performed, multiple support columns arranged vertically in the mined-out section of the current target stope along the vertical direction of the ore body to support the roof of the ore body are arranged.

[0017] Further, the step of mining operation comprises:

[0018] The target ore body to be mined is blasted;

[0019] The blasted ore is transported out of the current sub-layer;

[0020] All the blasted ore of the non-target stopes is transported out of the current sub-layer from the mined-out section of the current operation stope;

[0021] When the first stope is the target stope, the ore of the first target stope is transported out of the current sub-layer from the mined-out section of the current operation stope, and the ore of the remaining target stopes is transported out of the current sub-layer from the mined-out section of the adjacent non-target stope;

[0022] When the first stope is the non-target stope, the ore of all the target stopes is transported out of the current sub-layer from the mined-out section of the adjacent non-target stope.

[0023] Further, the support column comprises a first pipe body, an initial support structure, a support column body, and multiple levels of pressure-releasing structures arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

[0024] The first pipe body is a lower opening structure and is used to bear the pressure of the roof of the ore body;

[0025] The primary support structure comprises a sleeve and an expansion material filled in the sleeve, the sleeve is sleeved in the first pipe body, the top is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first pipe body and is used to bear the pressure of the first pipe body, and the bottom is connected with the top of the support column body;

[0026] The multi-stage pressure releasing structure comprises a multi-stage pressure releasing assembly and a first constraint steel pipe with an upper opening structure, the bottom of the multi-stage pressure releasing assembly is arranged in the first constraint steel pipe, the top extends out of the upper opening of the first constraint steel pipe and is connected with the bottom of the support column body; and the first constraint steel pipe is arranged on the mined road surface in the stope.

[0027] Further, the sleeve comprises a second pipe body with an upper opening structure and a third pipe body with a lower opening structure, the third pipe body is sleeved in the second pipe body, the top is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first pipe body and is used to bear the pressure of the first pipe body; and the lower opening of the third pipe body is located in the second pipe body;

[0028] The bottom of the second pipe body is connected with the top of the support column body;

[0029] The internal space enclosed by the third pipe body and the second pipe body is filled with the expansion material.

[0030] Further, the multi-stage pressure releasing assembly comprises a fourth pipe body, an air bag buffer and a first rubber pressure releasing column arranged in sequence from top to bottom;

[0031] The fourth pipe body is a lower opening structure, and the outer top wall is connected with the bottom of the support column body;

[0032] The air bag buffer comprises a composite buffer column and an inflatable air bag arranged on the outer side wall of the bottom of the composite buffer column, the composite buffer column is sleeved in the fourth pipe body, and the top is connected with the inner top wall of the fourth pipe body and the bottom is connected with the first rubber pressure releasing column;

[0033] The composite buffer column comprises a first column and a second column arranged in sequence from top to bottom;

[0034] The first column is made of foamed cement, and the top is connected with the inner top wall of the fourth pipe body;

[0035] The second column is a steel column, and the bottom is connected with the first rubber pressure releasing column.

[0036] Further, a primary pressure releasing structure is arranged between the first pipe body and the sleeve.

[0037] The primary yielding structure comprises a second rubber yielding column and a second constraint steel pipe of the upper opening structure, the bottom of the second rubber yielding column is arranged in the second constraint steel pipe, the top of the second rubber yielding column extends out of the upper opening of the second constraint steel pipe and is connected with the inner top wall of the first pipe body;

[0038] The top of the sleeve is connected with the bottom of the second constraint steel pipe, and the bottom of the sleeve is connected with the top of the support column body.

[0039] Further, the outer top wall of the first pipe body is connected with a plurality of prestressed anchor rods through an upper steel plate, the prestressed anchor rods are connected with the roof of the ore body.

[0040] Further, the plurality of support columns arranged in the same stope are divided into at least one group; all the support columns in each group are connected as a whole through a lower steel plate and at least one pair of rib plates;

[0041] One side of the lower steel plate is arranged on the mined-out road surface in the stope, and the other side of the lower steel plate is connected with the first constraint steel pipe;

[0042] The at least one pair of rib plates are oppositely arranged on both sides of the plurality of support columns and are connected with the support column body of each support column.

[0043] Further, each support column further comprises a plurality of constraint springs, the plurality of constraint springs are inclined and uniformly arranged outside the multi-stage yielding assembly, and the top of each constraint spring is connected with the multi-stage yielding assembly, and the bottom of each constraint spring is connected with the lower steel plate.

[0044] From the above, it can be seen that the application provides an upward horizontal layer filling mining method using support columns to support the roof, which first divides the ore body in the vertical direction into multiple stages, then arranges multiple ore rooms in each stage, divides the ore rooms in the vertical direction into multiple layers, and then recovers the layers. The layers that need to be recovered in the ore body are evenly divided into multiple vertical ore body strike stope along the ore body strike, and then the target ore body of the multiple stopes is recovered in turn along the ore body strike. Multiple support columns are arranged in the middle of the recovered stopes to support the roof of the ore body, which can effectively support the roof of the ore body, avoid roof collapse, and improve safety; the support columns are arranged in the stopes, that is, a stope is provided with a support column, the next stope is not provided with a support column, and the next stope is provided with a support column, which can effectively reduce the cost, reduce the engineering complexity, and improve the overall efficiency while ensuring effective support of the roof of the ore body; since the support columns are arranged for support, it is not necessary to immediately fill after each stope is mined, and the filling can be uniformly carried out after the recovery of all stopes of the current layer is completed, which can effectively reduce the filling complexity and improve the recovery efficiency; compared with the method of leaving point columns in the ore room, more ore can be mined, the ore recovery rate is improved, and the support effect of the support column is better and is not easy to break and collapse. It can be seen that the application can improve the ore recovery rate, stope safety and mining efficiency, achieve effective balance of safety, economy and high efficiency, and has wide application prospect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0045] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0046] Fig. 1 It is a front view of the upward horizontal layer filling mining method using support columns to support the roof of the application embodiment;

[0047] Fig. 2 It is a side view of the upward horizontal layer filling mining method using support columns to support the roof of the application embodiment;

[0048] Fig. 3 It is a top view of the upward horizontal layer filling mining method using support columns to support the roof of the application embodiment;

[0049] Fig. 4 It is a structural schematic view of the support column without a primary pressure relief structure of the application embodiment;

[0050] Fig. 5 It is a structural schematic view of the support column with a primary pressure relief structure of the application embodiment;

[0051] Fig. 6 The supporting column of the embodiment of the present application is connected as a whole by the lower steel plate.

[0052] The figure mark: 1-supporting column; 11-first pipe body; 12-primary support structure; 121-sleeve pipe; 122-expanding material; 123-second pipe body; 124-third pipe body; 125-supporting block; 126-injection hole; 13-supporting column body; 131-fixed steel pipe; 132-concrete column body; 14-multistage pressure releasing structure; 141-multistage pressure releasing assembly; 142-first constraint steel pipe; 143-fourth pipe body; 144-air bag buffer; 145-first rubber pressure releasing column; 146-composite buffer column; 147-expanding air bag; 148-first column body; 149-second column body; 15-constraint spring; 16-primary pressure releasing structure; 161-second rubber pressure releasing column; 162-second constraint steel pipe; 17-separating steel plate; 2-upper steel plate; 3-lower steel plate; 4-rib plate; 5-prestressed anchor rod; 1001-mining field; 1002-target mining field; 1003-non-target mining field; 1004-cutting roadway; 1005-layered connecting roadway; 1006-segmented roadway; 1007-connecting roadway; 1008-ore chute; 1009-penetration air return main roadway; 1010-target ore body; 1011-filling body; 1012-stage air return main roadway; 1013-stage transportation main roadway; 1014-assistant slope; 1015-penetration transportation roadway. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0054] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present application should be understood as their common meanings to those skilled in the art to which the present disclosure pertains. The terms "first", "second" and similar terms used in the present disclosure do not indicate any order, number or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The terms "include", "contain" and similar terms mean that the components or objects before the terms encompass the components or objects listed after the terms and their equivalents, without excluding other components or objects. The terms "connect" or "connected" and similar terms do not mean physical or mechanical connection, but can include electrical connection, whether direct or indirect. The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" and the like are only used to indicate relative positional relationships, and when the absolute positions of the described objects change, the relative positional relationships may also change accordingly.

[0055] With the continuous discovery of mining technology, a large number of mining methods for different environments have emerged. For rare metals and high-grade ores, the upward horizontal slicing and filling mining method is generally used. This method has the advantages of strong adaptability to ore body shape changes, low mining loss rate and ore dilution rate, and high production efficiency. However, this upward horizontal slicing and filling method does not have any support measures in large-area slicing, and the safety is low.

[0056] To solve such problems, some mines began to use point column mechanized upward slicing and filling method to replace the upward slicing mining method, that is, a part of the original ore body structure is retained in the mine house to form a point column. The point column has the advantages of supporting the roof and expanding the stope area. However, the point column is prone to brittle splitting under single-axis loading conditions, and the setting of the point column causes serious loss of ore resources. If the mechanized point column upward horizontal slicing and filling method is replaced by the upward slicing and filling mining method, that is, after a stope 1001 is mined, the stope 1001 is filled. Although it can avoid the loss of point column, it will reduce the production capacity of the stope, and the filling process is complex and the cost is high. Therefore, how to balance the safety (roof stability), economy (low dilution and loss), and efficiency (high production capacity) at the same time is a technical problem that must be solved in the safe and efficient recovery operation of rare and valuable metal mines.

[0057] Therefore, the application provides an upward horizontal slicing and filling mining method with support columns to protect the roof, which can improve the ore recovery rate, stope safety and mining efficiency, and achieve an effective balance among safety, economy and efficiency. As shown in Figs. 1-3 , the method comprises the following steps:

[0058] Divide the ore body to be mined into multiple stages along the vertical direction;

[0059] Divide each stage into multiple mine houses along the horizontal direction;

[0060] Divide each mine house into multiple slices along the vertical direction, and recover the ore body in each slice from bottom to top; wherein the step of recovering the ore body in each slice comprises:

[0061] Divide the slice into multiple vertical ore body strike stope 1001 along the ore body strike, and recover the target ore body 1010 of the multiple stope 1001 along the ore body strike;

[0062] In the mined stope 1001, multiple support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body are vertically arranged at intervals in the stope 1001, and the multiple support columns 1 are arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the mined stope 1001;

[0063] After each of the sub-layers is mined, the current mined sub-layer is uniformly backfilled with tailings cement, and then the next sub-layer is mined until all the sub-layers are mined.

[0064] In the mining operation of the ore body, the ore body to be mined is divided into multiple stages in the vertical direction, each stage is divided into multiple ore rooms in the horizontal direction, each ore room is divided into several sub-layers in the vertical direction, and the sub-layers are evenly divided into multiple vertical ore body strike stope 1001 along the ore body strike, and then the target ore body 1010 of the multiple stope 1001 is mined in turn along the ore body strike. The target ore body 1010 is the part of the entire ore body that needs to be mined. In the mined stope 1001, multiple support columns 1 are vertically arranged in the mined stope 1001, and the multiple support columns 1 are arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the mined stope 1001, and support the top roof of the mined stope 1001. After the mining of all the stope 1001 in the current sub-layer is completed, the current mined sub-layer is backfilled to form a backfill body 1011, and then the next sub-layer is mined. After the current entire ore room operation is completed, the other ore rooms in the current stage are operated until the entire stage and the entire ore body are mined.

[0065] The ore body roof refers to the rock located at the top of the ore body. When the ore is mined out, the stress state of the roof will change, and stress relaxation and other conditions will occur, which will lead to roof collapse, falling and other safety problems. In the present application, multiple support columns 1 are arranged in the mined stope 1001 to support the ore body roof during the mining of the sub-layer, which can effectively support the ore body roof, avoid roof collapse, and improve safety; the support columns 1 are arranged at intervals in the stope 1001, i.e. one stope 1001 is provided with a support column 1, the next one is not provided with a support column 1, and the next one is provided with a support column 1, which can effectively reduce the cost, reduce the engineering complexity, and improve the overall efficiency while ensuring effective support of the ore body roof; since the support columns 1 are arranged for support, it is not necessary to immediately backfill after each stope 1001 is mined, but to uniformly backfill after the mining of all the stope 1001 in the current sub-layer is completed, which can effectively reduce the backfill complexity and improve the mining efficiency; compared with the method of leaving point columns in the ore room, more ore can be mined out, the ore recovery rate is improved, and the support effect of the support column 1 is better and is not prone to breaking and collapsing. It can be seen that the present application can improve the ore recovery rate, the safety of the stope and the mining efficiency, achieve an effective balance among safety, economy and efficiency, and has a wide application prospect.

[0066] In some embodiments, the length of each stope 1001 is equal to the thickness of the ore body, the width of the stope 1001 is 3-5 m, and the height of the stope 1001 is equal to the height of the layering. When dividing the width of the stope 1001, the efficiency and safety of the mining operation need to be considered comprehensively. When the width of the stope 1001 is set too wide, the mined-out section is wider during the mining operation, which is prone to certain safety hazards. When the width of the stope 1001 is set too narrow, it is necessary to constantly lay lines, step holes, and fill explosives, which is low in operation efficiency and is not conducive to operation. Therefore, considering the safety and efficiency of the operation, the width of the stope 1001 can be set to 3-5 m, for example, 3 m, 3.5 m, 4 m, 4.5 m, 5 m, etc., or other values between 3 m and 5 m, without limitation. Of course, according to the specific conditions of the ore body, the stope, the roof, etc., the stope 1001 can also be set to other values less than 3 m or greater than 5 m, such as 2 m, 2.5 m, 5.5 m, 6 m, 6.5 m, 7 m, 7.5 m, 8 m, etc., without limitation.

[0067] In some embodiments, the plurality of stopes 1001 are divided into target stopes 1002 and non-target stopes 1003, and the target stopes 1002 and the non-target stopes 1003 are arranged at intervals;

[0068] When the first stope 1001 is the target stope 1002, the plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body are arranged vertically at intervals in the mined-out stope 1001.

[0069] After the first target stope 1002 is mined out, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body are arranged vertically along the vertical direction of the ore body in the first target stope 1002.

[0070] While each target stope 1002 is being mined out, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body are arranged vertically along the vertical direction of the ore body in the mined-out section of the current target stope 1002.

[0071] When the first stope 1001 is the non-target stope 1003, the plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body are arranged vertically at intervals in the mined-out stope 1001.

[0072] While each target stope 1002 is being mined out, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body are arranged vertically along the vertical direction of the ore body in the mined-out section of the current target stope 1002.

[0073] Specifically, the multiple stopes 1001 in the layering are divided into target stopes 1002 and non-target stopes 1003, the target stopes 1002 are the stopes 1001 in which the support columns 1 need to be arranged, and the non-target stopes 1003 are the stopes 1001 in which the support columns 1 do not need to be arranged. When the first stope 1001 is the target stope 1002, after the first target stope 1002 is mined, multiple support columns 1 are arranged vertically along the vertical direction of the ore body in the stope 1001; for the rest of the target stopes 1002, the support columns 1 are arranged while mining, that is, while mining, multiple support columns 1 are arranged vertically along the vertical direction of the ore body in the mined-out section of the current target stope 1002; when the first stope 1001 is the non-target stope 1003, the support columns 1 are arranged while mining for all the target stopes 1002, thereby avoiding the situation that two adjacent mined-out stopes 1001 are not supported by the support columns 1, and effectively improving the safety of mining.

[0074] In some embodiments, the steps of the mining operation include:

[0075] blasting the target ore body 1010 to be mined;

[0076] transporting the blasted ore out of the current layering.

[0077] For the stope 1001 to be mined, first, drill holes are drilled on the target ore body 1010 of the current stope 1001, then explosives are filled in the drill holes, thereby blasting the target ore body 1010, and then the blasted ore is transported out of the current layering, thereby completing the mining of the current stope 1001. Optionally, a shovel-truck is used for transportation, thereby realizing the mechanized mining of the stope 1001 and improving the mining efficiency. For the target ore body 1010 that is not blasted to fall, a small-scale drill jumbo can be used for drilling, thereby improving the mining rate of the ore.

[0078] In some embodiments, the blasted ore of all the non-target stopes 1003 is transported out of the current layering by the mined-out section of the current working stope 1001;

[0079] When the first stope 1001 is the target stope 1002, the ore of the first target stope 1002 is transported out of the current layering by the mined-out section of the current working stope 1001, and the ore of the rest of the target stopes 1002 is transported out of the current layering by the mined-out section of the adjacent non-target stope 1003;

[0080] When the first stope 1001 is the non-target stope 1003, the ore of all the target stopes 1002 is transported out of the current layering by the mined-out section of the adjacent non-target stope 1003.

[0081] In the mining operation of the first stope 1001 of the layer, the blasted ore is transported out of the current layer by the mined-out roadways in the current stope 1001. For all the remaining stopes 1001, the blasted ore in the non-target stope 1003 is transported out of the current layer by the mined-out roadways in the current non-target stope 1003, which is more efficient. However, since the target stope 1002 is mined while the support column 1 is set, if the ore is continuously transported out of the current stope 1001, the operation is complicated and the efficiency is low. Therefore, the ore in the target stope 1002 of all the remaining stopes 1001 is transported out of the current layer by the mined-out roadways in the adjacent non-target stope 1003, which effectively improves the operation efficiency.

[0082] In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 4-5 The support column 1 comprises a first pipe body 11, an initial support structure 12, a support column body 13 and a multi-stage pressure relief structure 14 arranged in sequence from top to bottom.

[0083] The first pipe body 11 is a lower opening structure and is used to bear the pressure of the ore body roof.

[0084] The initial support structure 12 comprises a sleeve 121 and an expansion material 122 filled in the sleeve 121. The sleeve 121 is sleeved in the first pipe body 11, and the top thereof is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first pipe body 11 and is used to bear the pressure of the first pipe body 11. The bottom of the sleeve 121 is connected with the top of the support column body 13.

[0085] The multi-stage pressure relief structure 14 comprises a multi-stage pressure relief assembly 141 and a first constraint steel pipe 142 with an upper opening. The bottom of the multi-stage pressure relief assembly 141 is arranged in the first constraint steel pipe 142, and the top thereof extends out of the upper opening of the first constraint steel pipe 142 and is connected with the bottom of the support column body 13. The first constraint steel pipe 142 is arranged on the mined road surface of the stope 1001.

[0086] In the prior art, whether the original ore body is supported by retaining a point column or supported by a concrete support column, it is a passive support, i.e. only passively bearing the pressure of the ore body roof, and cannot actively support the ore body roof. At the same time, both support methods are rigid support. When the ore body roof deforms greatly or suddenly suffers a large impact, the rigid support column is prone to collapse and breakage, thereby affecting the support effectiveness. In the upward horizontal layer filling mining method, the ore body is mined from bottom to top. After the lower layer of ore body is mined out, the filling body is formed by filling, and then the upper layer is mined. At this time, the road surface is filled by the filling body below, and the support column is set on the filling body. However, the filling body has poor hardness and low strength, and the support column is prone to inward collapse, thereby further affecting the stability of the support.

[0087] In the present application, the primary support structure 12 is arranged in the first pipe body 11, which plays a certain protective role on the primary support structure 12; the primary support structure 12 is composed of a sleeve 121 and an expansion material 122 filled in the sleeve 121; since the expansion material 122 has the characteristic of volume expansion, when it is injected into the sleeve 121, it has a certain jacking force on the top of the sleeve 121, and further generates a certain jacking force on the first pipe body 11; when applied to support the roof of the ore body in the stope, the first pipe body 11 can generate a certain jacking force on the roof of the ore body, thereby changing passive support into active support, not only can passively bear the pressure caused by the deformation of the roof of the ore body, but also can actively support the roof of the ore body, reduce and delay the degree of deformation and displacement. On this basis, the present application also provides a multi-stage pressure relief structure 14 to realize the pressure relief effect. The multi-stage pressure relief structure 14 includes a multi-stage pressure relief assembly 141 for buffering and a first constraint steel pipe 142; the multi-stage pressure relief assembly 141 is arranged in the first constraint steel pipe 142, and the first constraint steel pipe 142 plays a fixing and protecting role on the multi-stage pressure relief assembly 141; the multi-stage pressure relief assembly 141 is connected with the bottom of the support column body 13; when the support column body 13 is subjected to the pressure of the roof, the multi-stage pressure relief assembly 141 can absorb part of the pressure to play a pressure relief effect, avoid the support column body 13 from directly impacting the filling body of the ground to sink into the filling body, and at the same time, avoid the collapse and rupture of the support column body 13 caused by excessive pressure, thereby effectively improving the support stability and operation safety. In addition, compared with the method of leaving a point column in the ore room, not only the support stability can be improved, but also the ore recovery rate can be improved, especially for the metal ore body with high economic value, the metal point column is replaced to support the roof of the ore body, more ore body can be mined, and the economic value can be effectively improved.

[0088] In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 4-5 The sleeve 121 includes a second pipe body 123 with an upper opening structure and a third pipe body 124 with a lower opening structure; the third pipe body 124 is arranged in the second pipe body 123, and the top thereof is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first pipe body 11 and used to bear the pressure of the first pipe body 11; the lower opening of the third pipe body 124 is located in the second pipe body 123;

[0089] The bottom of the second pipe body 123 is connected with the top of the support column body 13;

[0090] The internal space enclosed by the third pipe body 124 and the second pipe body 123 is filled with the expansion material 122.

[0091] Specifically, the second pipe body 123 with an upper opening and the third pipe body 124 with a lower opening jointly form an active internal space. After the active internal space is filled with the expanding material 122, the expanding material 122 expands upward to lift the third pipe body 124, the third pipe body 124 further lifts the first pipe body 11, and the first pipe body 11 further lifts the roof of the ore body, thereby generating an initial support force on the roof of the ore body, changing passive support into active support. The support not only passively bears the pressure caused by the deformation of the roof of the ore body, but also actively supports the roof of the ore body, reducing and delaying the deformation and displacement of the roof of the ore body. Optionally, the bottom of the second pipe body 123 is connected to the top of the support column body 13 through a partition steel plate 17, which has a better fixing effect and a more stable overall structure.

[0092] Optionally, the expanding material 122 is composed of cement, static breaking agent, and water glass. A certain amount of static breaking agent and water glass is injected into the cement to chemically react with the cement, so that the volume of the cement increases, thereby lifting the third pipe body 124. The static breaking agent has a shorter expansion development time, a larger volume expansion rate, a higher self-strength, and a stronger expansion stress, which can better lift the third pipe body 124. The static breaking agent has an environmental temperature of 10-30°C and is suitable for various engineering site applications, which has a wide application scenario. The water glass can greatly shorten the cement setting time, which is conducive to the rapid setting of the material after expansion, and forms a more stable initial support force.

[0093] In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 4-5 the inner side wall of the second pipe body 123 is provided with a protruding support block 125 and a material injection hole 126 for injecting the expanding material 122;

[0094] The support block 125 is used to support the third pipe body 124 and is located above the material injection hole 126.

[0095] In this application, the second pipe body 123 and the third pipe body 124 are in an active connection state, and the support block 125 provided on the second pipe body 123 supports the third pipe body 124. After the second pipe body 123 and the third pipe body 124 are assembled, the expanding material 122 is injected into the internal space through the material injection hole 126 of the second pipe body 123, and the expanding material 122 expands to lift the third pipe body 124, and further lift the first pipe body 11 to support the roof of the ore body. Optionally, since the sleeve pipe 121 is arranged in the first pipe body 11, when the side wall of the first pipe body 11 extends to cover the material injection hole 126 on the second pipe body 123, a corresponding via hole is arranged on the first pipe body 11 at a position opposite to the material injection hole 126, and the material injection is realized through the via hole and the material injection hole 126, without the need to additionally disassemble the first pipe body 11, which is more convenient to operate.

[0096] In some embodiments, as shown inFigs. 4-5 As shown, the multi-stage pressure relief assembly 141 comprises a fourth tube body 143, an air bag buffer 144 and a first rubber pressure relief column 145 arranged in sequence from top to bottom;

[0097] The fourth tube body 143 is of a lower opening structure, and an outer top wall is connected with the bottom of the support column body 13.

[0098] The air bag buffer 144 comprises a composite buffer column 146 and an inflatable air bag 147 arranged on the outer side wall of the bottom of the composite buffer column 146, the composite buffer column 146 is sleeved in the fourth tube body 143, and the top is connected with the inner top wall of the fourth tube body 143, and the bottom is connected with the first rubber pressure relief column 145.

[0099] Specifically, the outer top wall of the fourth tube body 143 is connected with the bottom of the support column body 13, and the inner top wall is connected with the composite buffer column 146 of the air bag buffer 144, thereby realizing the connection of the support column body 13 and the air bag buffer 144. When the ore body roof is deformed to press the support column 1 or is subjected to other external force impact, the support column body 13 sinks, and downward pressure is applied to the fourth tube body 143, the fourth tube body 143 is extruded downward to the composite buffer column 146, at this time the composite buffer column 146 plays a first pressure relief role; when the fourth tube body 143 is pressed to sink to the side wall and the inflatable air bag 147 is in contact, the inflatable air bag 147 is inflated to further relieve the pressure of the support column body 13, at this time the second pressure relief is completed. When the inflatable air bag 147 is inflated under stress, it will extrude the first rubber pressure relief column 145 at the bottom, and the first rubber pressure relief column 145 will further relieve the pressure, at this time the third pressure relief is completed, thereby realizing the multi-stage pressure relief effect. Under the multi-stage pressure relief of the composite buffer column 146, the inflatable air bag 147 and the first rubber pressure relief column 145, the external force can be effectively released, and the support column body 13 will not sink into the lower filling body, the support column body 13 is not easy to collapse and break, the support stability is higher, the support effect is better, and the safety is higher.

[0100] In some embodiments, the inflatable air bag 147 comprises an air bag body and sodium azide filled in the air bag body.

[0101] Sodium azide (NaN3) can instantly decompose a large amount of nitrogen gas (N2) after being impacted, 2NaN3 (impact) = 2Na + 3N2↑, thereby inflating the airbag body, after the airbag body expands, it plays a certain supporting role to the supporting column body 13, and at the same time, it extrudes the first rubber pressure column 145, and the first rubber pressure column 145 plays a certain supporting role to the airbag body due to its own characteristics, thereby effectively realizing pressure relief. Optionally, the first rubber pressure column 145 can be made of natural rubber. The composition of natural rubber is mainly rubber hydrocarbon (polyisoprene), containing a small amount of protein, moisture, resin acid, sugar and inorganic salt, etc., which has the characteristics of large elasticity, high modulus of elasticity, excellent tear resistance and electrical insulation, good wear resistance and drought resistance, good processability, and easy adhesion with other materials. It is a good cushioning material. The first rubber pressure column 145 made of natural rubber has good environmental protection and pressure relief effect. Of course, according to the actual situation of the ore body and the stope, the first rubber pressure column 145 can also be made of synthetic rubber, and the specific implementation is not limited.

[0102] In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 4-5 The composite buffer column 146 includes a first column body 148 and a second column body 149 arranged in an upper and lower manner;

[0103] The first column body 148 is made of foamed cement, and the top is connected with the inner top wall of the fourth pipe body 143;

[0104] The second column body 149 is a steel column, and the bottom is connected with the first rubber pressure column 145.

[0105] Foamed cement is a composite material made of foaming agent and cement. The foaming agent and the cement are mixed and stirred according to a certain proportion. Under the action of the foaming agent, the cement continuously expands, and when it expands to a certain degree, the foamed cement is formed. When the fourth pipe body 143 moves downward, pressure is applied to the first column body 148 made of foamed cement, and the first column body 148 is continuously compressed to contact the expanded airbag 147 of the fourth pipe body 143, triggering the expansion of the expanded airbag 147 to support and relieve pressure. In this process, the first column body 148 made of foamed cement plays a primary pressure relief role, and the second column body 149 of the steel column plays a supporting role, thereby realizing the combined effect of pressure relief and support.

[0106] In some embodiments, as shown in Fig. 5 The first pipe body 11 and the sleeve 121 are further provided with a primary pressure relief structure 16;

[0107] The primary pressure relief structure 16 includes a second rubber pressure relief column 161 and a second constraint steel pipe 162 of an upper opening structure, the bottom of the second rubber pressure relief column 161 is arranged in the second constraint steel pipe 162, and the top extends out of the upper opening of the second constraint steel pipe 162 and is connected with the inner top wall of the first pipe body 11.

[0108] The top of the sleeve pipe 121 is connected with the bottom of the second constraint steel pipe 162, and the bottom is connected with the top of the support column body 13.

[0109] In the present application, the primary pressure relief structure 16 can also be arranged between the first pipe body 11 and the primary support structure 12. When the roof of the ore body in the mining field exerts pressure downward due to deformation, displacement and the like, the first pipe body 11 receives the pressure and transmits the pressure downward, and the second rubber pressure relief column 161 is compressed under pressure, thereby realizing effective pressure relief and avoiding stress damage of the support column body 13 caused by concentrated stress, and also playing a certain pressure relief role. The second constraint steel pipe 162 is used to fix the second rubber pressure relief column 161, avoid displacement of the second rubber pressure relief column 161, improve the stability thereof, and realize stable pressure relief. Optionally, the second rubber pressure relief column 161 can be made of natural rubber and is fixed with the second constraint steel pipe 162 by gluing, the top of the second rubber pressure relief column 161 is fixed with the first pipe body 11 by gluing, and the inner side wall of the first pipe body 11 is in close contact with the outer side wall of the second pipe body 123. When the second rubber pressure relief column 161 is compressed in the longitudinal direction, it will be stretched in the transverse direction to a certain extent, and therefore a distance of about 20 mm is reserved between the inner side wall of the first pipe body 11 and the second rubber pressure relief column 161 to provide a stretching space for deformation of the second rubber pressure relief column 161, thereby better realizing the pressure relief effect. Optionally, the bottom of the second constraint steel pipe 162 is connected with the outer top wall of the third pipe body 124 through the partition steel plate 17, the fixing effect is better, and the overall structure is more stable.

[0110] In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 4-5 The support column body 13 includes a hollow fixed steel pipe 131 and a concrete column body 132 filled in the fixed steel pipe 131. The fixed steel pipe 131 plays a certain protection, limiting and fixing role on the concrete column body 132, the concrete column body 132 plays a main support role, and the support effect is better.

[0111] In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 4-5As shown, the outer top wall of the first pipe body 11 is connected with a plurality of prestressed anchor rods 5 through the upper steel plate 2. Specifically, the outer top wall of the first pipe body 11 is in contact with the upper steel plate 2, and the fixing of the two is realized through bolts. The opposite side of the upper steel plate 2 is connected with a plurality of prestressed anchor rods 5. When applied to the support of the ore body roof, the upper steel plate 2 first abuts against the ore body roof, and then the prestressed anchor rods 5 are fixed with the ore body roof. The prestressed anchor rods 5 exert a certain pre-compressive stress on the ore body roof, and firmly fix the upper steel plate 2 on the ore body roof, effectively improving the support force on the ore body roof and forming a better support effect.

[0112] In some embodiments, as shown in Fig. 6 As shown, the plurality of support columns 1 arranged in the same stope 1001 are divided into at least one group; all the support columns 1 in each group are connected as a whole through the lower steel plate 3 and at least one pair of rib plates 4;

[0113] One side of the lower steel plate 3 is arranged on the mined-out road surface in the stope 1001, and the other side is connected with the first constraint steel pipe 142;

[0114] The at least one pair of rib plates 4 are oppositely arranged on both sides of the plurality of support columns 1 and connected with the support column body 13 of each support column 1.

[0115] In order to further improve the support effect of the support column 1, in actual application, a plurality of support columns 1 can be connected as a whole, so that the impact force can be shared among the support columns 1, effectively improving the support stability, and at the same time avoiding the collapse of the support column 1 caused by the impact wave generated by mining blasting. Specifically, a plurality of support columns 1 are connected as an integral structure through the lower steel plate 3, the lower steel plate 3 is connected with the bottoms of the plurality of support columns 1, and then fixed on the mined-out road surface in the stope 1001 through the lower steel plate 3. Then, the rib plates 4 are added on both sides of the plurality of support columns 1, and the plurality of support columns 1 are fixed and connected through the cooperation of the lower steel plate 3 and the rib plates 4. The plurality of support columns 1 are not easy to fall off, can withstand greater impact wave as a whole, have better stability, and have stronger support pressure bearing capacity.

[0116] In some embodiments, as shown in Figs. 4-5 As shown, each support column 1 further comprises a plurality of constraint springs 15, which are inclined and uniformly arranged outside the multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly 141, and the top of each constraint spring 15 is connected with the multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly 141, and the bottom is connected with the lower steel plate 3.

[0117] Specifically, multiple constraint springs 15 can be set around the multi-stage pressure relief component 141. These constraint springs 15 provide a certain degree of fixation for the multi-stage pressure relief structure 14, preventing it from swaying left and right, and also provide a certain degree of cushioning. When the support column 1 is installed in the stope 1001, it can be directly fixed to the stope road surface. In this case, the stope road surface serves as the external structure supporting the support column 1. One end of the constraint spring 15 is connected to the stope road surface, and the other end is connected to the multi-stage pressure relief component 141. Optionally, it can be connected to the fourth tube 143 of the multi-stage pressure relief component 141. When multiple support columns 1 are fixed to the mined-out road surface in the stope 1001 by the lower steel plate 3, both the lower steel plate 3 and the stope road surface can serve as external structures supporting the support column 1. One end of the constraint spring 15 is connected to the lower steel plate 3 or the road surface, and the other end is connected to the multi-stage pressure relief component 141.

[0118] The following example of mining a certain ore body will be used to further illustrate the technical effects of this application.

[0119] The ore body is divided into several stages in the vertical direction. Several stops are arranged in each stage. Several layers are divided in the vertical direction within each stop. Multiple mining areas 1001 are arranged in the vertical direction of the ore body in each layer for mining. The stage height is 30m, the layer height is 3m, and the size of mining area 1001 is 3×3m.

[0120] like Figs. 1-3 As shown, where Fig. 1 The main view is also divided into multiple layers. Fig. 2 It also consists of multiple layered side views. Fig. 3 This is also a top-down view of the stratification; an auxiliary ramp 1014 is excavated downwards from the ground. From the auxiliary ramp 1014, stratification connecting roadways 1005 and section roadways 1006 are excavated towards the ore body. A pass 1008 is arranged to connect with the section roadways 1006. From the section roadways 1006, a stratification connecting roadway 1005 is excavated to each stratum, and a cutting level roadway 1004 is excavated along the contact zone. Among them, the auxiliary ramp 1014 mainly serves the functions of material transportation, personnel movement, loader travel, ventilation, and transportation of backfill material. There is no need to arrange backfilling shafts. Backfill material is transported to the underground through the auxiliary ramp 1014 and enters each stratum through the stratification connecting roadways 1005 for large-area backfilling.

[0121] A stage transport roadway 1013 is excavated outside the vein, and a cross-vein transport roadway 1015 is excavated from the stage transport roadway 1013 to the ore body. The mined ore is transported to the cutting level roadway 1004 by a loader, and then transported from the cutting level roadway 1004 to the pass 1008 through the layered connecting roadway 1005 and the connecting roadway 1007. The ore enters the cross-vein transport roadway 1015 through the pass 1008 and is finally transported to the stage transport roadway 1013.

[0122] A through vein return air roadway 1009 is excavated, which, together with the auxiliary ramp 1014 and the stage return air roadway 1012, undertakes the ventilation task of the mine chamber.

[0123] The mining of each layer of the ore body is sequentially performed from bottom to top.

[0124] The layer is evenly divided into a plurality of stope 1001 along the ore body strike, and the plurality of stope 1001 is divided into target stope 1002 and non-target stope 1003, and the target stope 1002 and the non-target stope 1003 are arranged at intervals.

[0125] The target ore body 1010 of the plurality of stope 1001 is sequentially mined along the ore body strike, that is, the target ore body 1010 to be mined is blasted, and the blasted ore is transported out of the current layer. Among them, the ore blasted and collapsed from the first stope 1001 is transported out of the current layer by the mined-out section in the current working stope 1001; for all the remaining stope 1001, the ore blasted and collapsed from the non-target stope 1003 is transported out of the current layer by the mined-out section in the current target stope 1003, and the ore of the target stope 1002 is transported out of the current layer by the mined-out section in the adjacent non-target stope 1003; specifically, the blasted and collapsed ore is transported to the cutting gallery 1004 after being loaded by the shovel truck, and then transported to the draw shaft 1008 through the cutting gallery 1004, the layer connecting gallery 1005 and the connecting gallery 1007, and finally transported to the stage transportation roadway 1013 through the draw shaft 1008.

[0126] Supporting columns 1 are arranged in the mined-out section of the stope 1001 that has been mined out. When the first stope 1001 is a target stope 1002, after the first target stope 1002 is mined, a plurality of supporting columns 1 are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the target stope 1002, and while each target stope 1002 is mined, a plurality of supporting columns 1 are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the mined-out section of the current target stope 1002; when the first stope 1001 is a non-target stope 1003, while each target stope 1002 is mined, a plurality of supporting columns 1 are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the mined-out section of the current target stope 1002.

[0127] After each layer is mined, the current mined-out layer is uniformly cemented and filled with tailings, and then the next layer is mined until all layers are mined.

[0128] The blasting mode of the stope 1001 adopts shallow hole blasting and smooth blasting, the hole depth is 3m, the hole diameter is 40mm, and vertical holes are adopted because the ore is relatively stable. Smooth blasting can make the ore and the adjacent filling body 1011 less damaged by blasting, maintain its own supporting capacity, and form a relatively regular cross-sectional shape. Shallow hole blasting can make the ore distribution more uniform, the crushing degree is better, and generally no secondary crushing is needed, and the blasting efficiency is high.

[0129] After blasting, the mine chamber is ventilated. Generally, the pressure-in ventilation method is adopted, and the air duct for ventilation usually adopts a PVC hose. Fresh air flow enters the stope 1001 from the auxiliary ramp 1014, the layer connecting roadway 1005, and the sectional roadway 1006, cleans the working face, and is discharged to the stage air return main roadway 1012.

[0130] After the mine chamber is blasted and the blasting fume is effectively ventilated, the safety personnel operate the stope service platform car, clean the loose stones on the roof and sides, and strengthen the timely safety supervision during production to ensure that each working team has a full-time safety personnel to conduct uninterrupted safety inspection on each production working face, find problems, and timely handle them.

[0131] Then, the ore is discharged, that is, the ore is transported. The caved ore in the mine chamber is loaded by the shovel truck, transported to the cutting flat roadway 1004, then transported to the layer connecting roadway 1005 and the connecting roadway 1007 through the cutting flat roadway 1004, and finally transported to the stage transportation main roadway 1013 through the draw shaft 1008, the ore passing through the draw shaft 1008, and the ore passing through the draw shaft 1008.

[0132] Before the stope 1001 is mined, the preparation and installation of part of the structure of the support column 1 are completed on the surface, specifically, the preparation and assembly of the first pipe body 11, the sleeve 121, the support column body 13, the multi-stage pressure releasing structure 14, and the primary pressure releasing structure 16 are completed in advance, and the support column preliminary structure is obtained. Because the preparation of part of the structure of the support column 1 is completed on the surface in advance, the support column preliminary structure is obtained, when the support column needs to be erected in the stope 1001, the support column preliminary structure is directly transported to the designated position for installation and fixation, and then the expansion material 122 is filled, so that the operation efficiency is higher.

[0133] When it is necessary to install the support column 1 in the mining field 1001, first, the lower steel plate 3 is placed at the designated position of the current mining field 1001, the support column preliminary structure is arranged at the corresponding interval of the lower steel plate 3, eight bolt holes are arranged at the bottom end of the first constraint steel pipe 142 of each multi-stage yielding structure 14 between the lower steel plate 3 and the first constraint steel pipe 142, and the first constraint steel pipe 142 and the lower steel plate 3 are fixed by bolts. Four constraint springs 15 are installed around each multi-stage yielding assembly 141, one end of the constraint spring 15 is connected with the multi-stage yielding assembly 141, and the other end is connected with the lower steel plate 3. After the preliminary structure of the support column is fixed into a row, two rib plates 4 are welded and fixed at the middle part of the row of support column bodies 13, the rib plates 4 are welded on the opposite sides of the support column body 13, so that all the preliminary structures of the support column are connected into a whole; then an upper steel plate 2 is fixed on the outer top wall of each first pipe body 11, and the first pipe body 11 and the upper steel plate 2 are fixed by four bolts. Then, the cement is first injected into the sleeve 121 of each initial support structure 12 through the injection hole 126, and then the static breaking agent and the water glass are simultaneously injected into the sleeve 121 of each initial support structure 12, and the injection hole 126 is closed. The static breaking agent, the water glass and the cement react chemically in the sleeve 121, so that the volume of the cement increases, the water glass can effectively shorten the setting time of the cement, and at the same time, under the constraint of the second pipe body 123, the force generated after expansion is mainly the upward jacking force, which makes the third pipe body 124 move upward, so as to make the first pipe body 11 jacked upward to the roof, generate the initial support force, change the passive support into the active support, and realize the close contact between the upper steel plate 2 and the roof. After the close contact between the upper steel plate 2 and the roof is realized, four prestressed anchor rods 5 are driven to the roof around each upper steel plate 2, and the complete support column 1 structure is formed.

[0134] After the mining of all the mining fields 1001 is completed, the mining fields 1001 are cleaned, the equipment and pipelines are removed, the arranged support columns 1 are reserved, the retaining wall is built at the junction with the layering connecting roadway 1005, and then the unified filling of the entire layer is carried out according to the requirements. The graded tailings cemented filling is adopted, the mass ratio of the quality of the cement to the quality of the material is 1:10, the mass concentration is more than 65%, and the pipeline self-flow is adopted for the conveying mode. After the mining of each layer is completed, the filling is carried out in time, and the mining field 1001 is filled according to the proportioning. According to the preparation of the surface filling material slurry, the filling material reserve condition and the filling volume of the mining field 1001, the continuous filling time is determined. After the filling of all the mining fields 1001 is completed, the connecting road is closed, the layering connecting roadway 1005 is filled in the same way, and then the layering is raised, the mining of the previous mining field 1001 is carried out, and the mining of all the layers in the current mine room is completed. After the operation of the entire mine room in the current stage is completed, the operation of other mine rooms in the current stage is carried out until the entire stage and the entire ore body are mined.

[0135] In order to further illustrate the technical effect of the present application, the technical effect of the method is further illustrated by taking the 51 mine room in the H8-4 middle section 51 of the ore body 101 of a certain mine as an example

[0136] The ore room is located in H8-4 middle section 47 line-55 line, the ore body trend NE 30°-70°, the tendency NW 315°, the inclination 45°-50°, the ore body is medium stable, the roof is unstable, the ore body is in vein. The ore type is mainly pyrite sericitization granitic rock, the second is pyrite potassium granitic rock, the mineralization characteristics are mainly vein, network, lump, and the next is disseminated. The geological grade is 2.70g / t, and the metal amount is 48.55kg. The ore room originally uses point column type mechanized upward horizontal slice filling mining method for stoping, and part of the point column is arranged in each slice of the ore room for supporting the roof. The ore room constitutes the element: the ore room is arranged vertically to the ore body trend, the ore room length is 27m, the ore room width is 24m, the ore room height is 30m, the ore body average thickness is 27m, the slice stoping height is 3m. The average 30 point columns are arranged in the ore room for supporting the roof, and the point column specification is φ3m, the height is 3m.

[0137] The upward horizontal slice filling mining method is used to replace the original point column type mechanized upward horizontal slice filling mining method. The ore room constitutes the element: the ore room is arranged vertically to the ore body trend, the ore room length is 27m, the ore room width is 24m, the ore room height is 30m, the ore body average thickness is 27m, the slice stoping height is 3m, and the stope 1001 specification is 3*3m. Four stope 1001 support columns 1 are arranged, and about 18 support columns 1 need to be arranged in each stope 1001 (considering the maximum density, and the support density is not so high in actual use). The steel pipe size of the support column 1 arranged in the stope 1001 is φ299mm*10mm, and the steel pipe is filled with C40 grade core concrete.

[0138] Compared with the original mining method, 30 point columns can be mined in one slice of one ore room, and the ore body volume density is 2.07t / m 3 According to calculation, 3.14*1.5m*1.5m*3m*2.07t / m 3 *30=1316.2t of ore can be mined in one slice. According to the grade 2.7g / t, 3553.8g of gold can be recovered, and according to the gold market price 350yuan / g, 124.4 million yuan of income can be realized in one slice.

[0139] For the support column 1, C40 concrete needs to be used, and the steel pipe cost is about 3600 yuan / t, the natural rubber cost is about 12835 yuan / t, the price of cement, static breaker, water glass is about 200 yuan / t, the price of foamed cement is about 300 yuan / t, the price of the expansion gas bag 147 is about 1000 yuan, and the price of the upper steel plate 2 and the lower steel plate 3 is 3600 yuan / m 3, the prestressed anchor rod 5 is 1000 yuan per root. In a support column 1, C40 concrete 3.14*0.15m*0.15m*1.5m=0.106m is needed 3 , about 0.018m of steel pipe is needed 3 The steel pipe here is the total amount of steel pipe, including the first pipe body 11, the second pipe body 123, the third pipe body 124, the fourth pipe body 143, the first constraint steel pipe 142, the second constraint steel pipe 162, and the fixing steel pipe 131; 2*1m*1m*0.01m=0.02m of steel plate is needed 3 , 54 roots of prestressed anchor rod 4 are needed, about 3.14*0.5m*0.5m*0.24m=0.022m of natural rubber is needed 3 , about 0.06m of cement, static crushing agent and water glass is needed 3 Considering the factors such as slurry preparation, transportation, and pouring, the cost is expected to be 10 yuan / m 3 The cost of each support column 1 is about 3500 yuan. A total of 54 support columns 1 are arranged in a layer, and the total cost of the support columns 1 in a layer is 189,000 yuan.

[0140] As can be seen, under the premise of ensuring safety production, the method effectively improves the mine benefit.

[0141] Those skilled in the art will understand that the above discussion of any embodiment is only exemplary and is not intended to suggest that the scope of the disclosure (including claims) is limited to these examples; under the idea of the present application, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other changes of different aspects of the present application as described above. In order to be brief, they are not provided in details.

[0142] Embodiments of the present application are intended to cover all such alternatives, modifications and variations falling within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omission, modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made in the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A top slicing mining method with horizontal slices and upward filling with support columns, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: dividing the ore body to be mined into multiple stages along the vertical direction; dividing each of the stages into multiple ore rooms along the horizontal direction; dividing each of the ore rooms into multiple layers along the vertical direction, and sequentially mining the ore body in each of the layers from bottom to top; wherein the step of mining the ore body in each of the layers comprises: uniformly dividing the layers along the ore body strike into multiple vertical ore body strike stope, and sequentially mining the target ore body in the multiple stope along the ore body strike; in the mined-out stope, a plurality of support columns for supporting the roof of the ore body are vertically arranged at intervals in the stope, and the plurality of support columns are arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the mined-out stope; after the mining of each of the layers is completed, the current mined-out layer is uniformly backfilled with tailings cementation, and then the mining of the next layer is performed until the mining of all the layers is completed.

2. A mining method using a support column roof support upward horizontal slicing filling mining method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple stope are divided into target stope and non-target stope, and the target stope and the non-target stope are arranged at intervals; when the first stope is the target stope, the step of vertically arranging a plurality of support columns for supporting the roof of the ore body at intervals in the mined-out stope comprises: after the mining of the first target stope is completed, a plurality of support columns for supporting the roof of the ore body are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the first target stope; while mining each of the remaining target stope, a plurality of support columns for supporting the roof of the ore body are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the mined-out section of the current target stope; when the first stope is the non-target stope, the step of vertically arranging a plurality of support columns for supporting the roof of the ore body at intervals in the mined-out stope comprises: while mining each of the target stope, a plurality of support columns for supporting the roof of the ore body are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the mined-out section of the current target stope.

3. A mining method using a support column roof protection upward horizontal slicing filling method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of mining comprises: blasting the target ore body to be mined; transporting the blasted ore out of the current layer; wherein the blasted ore of all the non-target stope is transported out of the current layer from the mined-out section of the current working stope; when the first stope is the target stope, the ore of the first target stope is transported out of the current layer from the mined-out section of the current working stope, and the ore of the remaining target stope is transported out of the current layer from the mined-out section of the adjacent non-target stope; when the first stope is the non-target stope, the ore of all the target stope is transported out of the current layer from the mined-out section of the adjacent non-target stope.

4. A mining method using a support column roof support upward horizontal slicing filling method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support column comprises a first pipe body, an initial support structure, a support column body and a multi-stage pressure-relief structure arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the first pipe body is a lower opening structure and is used to bear the pressure of the roof of the ore body; the initial support structure comprises a sleeve and an expansion material filled in the sleeve, the sleeve is sleeved in the first pipe body, the top of the sleeve is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first pipe body, and the bottom of the sleeve is connected with the top of the support column body; The multistage pressure relief structure comprises a multistage pressure relief assembly and a first constraint steel pipe with an upper opening structure, the bottom of the multistage pressure relief assembly is arranged in the first constraint steel pipe, the top of the multistage pressure relief assembly extends out of the upper opening of the first constraint steel pipe and is connected with the bottom of the support column body; the first constraint steel pipe is arranged on the mined road surface in the stope.

5. A mining method using a support column roof support upward horizontal slicing filling mining method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The sleeve pipe comprises a second pipe body with an upper opening structure and a third pipe body with a lower opening structure, the third pipe body is arranged in the second pipe body, the top of the third pipe body is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first pipe body and is used to bear the pressure of the first pipe body; the lower opening of the third pipe body is located in the second pipe body; The bottom of the second pipe body is connected with the top of the support column body; The internal space enclosed by the third pipe body and the second pipe body is filled with the expanded material.

6. A mining method using a support column roof support upward horizontal slicing filling mining method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The multistage pressure relief structure comprises a fourth pipe body, an air bag buffer and a first rubber pressure relief column arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The fourth pipe body is a lower opening structure, and the outer top wall of the fourth pipe body is connected with the bottom of the support column body; The air bag buffer comprises a composite buffer column and an inflatable air bag arranged on the outer side wall of the bottom of the composite buffer column, the composite buffer column is arranged in the fourth pipe body, the top of the composite buffer column is connected with the inner top wall of the fourth pipe body, and the bottom of the composite buffer column is connected with the first rubber pressure relief column; The composite buffer column comprises a first column body and a second column body arranged in sequence from top to bottom; The first column body is made of foamed cement, and the top of the first column body is connected with the inner top wall of the fourth pipe body; The second column body is a steel column, and the bottom of the second column body is connected with the first rubber pressure relief column.

7. A mining method using a support column roof support upward horizontal slicing filling mining method according to claim 4, characterized in that, A primary pressure relief structure is further arranged between the first pipe body and the sleeve pipe; The primary pressure relief structure comprises a second rubber pressure relief column and a second constraint steel pipe with an upper opening structure, the bottom of the second rubber pressure relief column is arranged in the second constraint steel pipe, the top of the second rubber pressure relief column extends out of the upper opening of the second constraint steel pipe and is connected with the inner top wall of the first pipe body; The top of the sleeve pipe is connected with the bottom of the second constraint steel pipe, and the bottom of the sleeve pipe is connected with the top of the support column body.

8. A mining method using a support column roof support upward horizontal slicing filling mining method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer top wall of the first pipe body is connected with a plurality of prestressed anchor rods through an upper steel plate, and the prestressed anchor rods are connected with the roof of the ore body.

9. A mining method using a support column roof support upward horizontal slicing filling mining method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The plurality of support columns arranged in the same stope are divided into at least one group; all the support columns in each group are connected as a whole through a lower steel plate and at least one pair of rib plates; One side of the lower steel plate is arranged on the mined road surface in the stope, and the other side of the lower steel plate is connected with the first constraint steel pipe; The at least one pair of rib plates are arranged opposite to each other on both sides of the plurality of support columns and are connected with the support column bodies of each support column.

10. The upward horizontal slicing filling mining method using the support column to protect the roof according to claim 9, each support column further comprises a plurality of constraint springs, the plurality of constraint springs are arranged obliquely and uniformly on the outer side of the multistage pressure relief assembly, and the top of each constraint spring is connected with the multistage pressure relief assembly, and the bottom of each constraint spring is connected with the lower steel plate.

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