Highway disaster reduction line selection method in strong earthquake region based on multi-source digital information

Abstract

The invention provides a strong earthquake region highway disaster reduction line selection method based on multi-source digital information, and relates to the technical field of highway line selection. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a geographic information database of an area through which a highway route passes; based on the data in the geographic information database, analyzing the passing area of the highway route, determining the necessary passing points and the forbidden passing area of the highway route, and based on the analysis result, generating a comprehensive geological suitability evaluation layer, a slope structure layer and a disaster susceptibility layer; performing layer superposition of grid calculation on the comprehensive geological suitability evaluation layer, the slope structure layer and the disaster susceptibility layer, and determining a passable area based on a layer superposition result; in the passable area, a target path optimization model is constructed based on the road line selection target function, a path search algorithm is executed in the target path optimization model, and an anti-seismic road route is output, so that the reliability and safety of road line selection can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of highway route selection, and in particular to a method for selecting a highway route for disaster reduction in earthquake-affected areas based on multi-source digital information. Background Art

[0002] The geological tectonic activities in the strong earthquake zone are frequent and intense, and the stratigraphic structure is complex and changeable. There are widespread geological structures such as faults and folds, which not only cause rock fragmentation and poor rock integrity, but also may lead to local stress concentration. In the process of highway construction, if the route is not properly selected, crossing the fault fracture zone, geological disaster-prone areas, etc., it is very easy to cause engineering geological problems such as uneven foundation settlement and slope instability, causing serious damage to highway bridges, tunnels and other structures, or even complete failure. At the same time, the rock and soil properties in the strong earthquake zone are also relatively special. Due to the long-term effect of seismic forces, the mechanical properties of the rock and soil have changed, and its shear strength, bearing capacity and other indicators have decreased. In addition, there may be a large number of loose deposits in the strong earthquake zone, such as deposits formed by collapse and landslides. These deposits are prone to secondary damage under the induction of factors such as earthquakes or rainfall, which brings great safety hazards to the construction and operation of highways.

[0003] Nowadays, the construction of transportation infrastructure plays a vital role in regional economic development, social communication, and emergency rescue. As an important part of the transportation network, the reasonable route selection of highways is a key link to ensure the safe, efficient, and economical operation of highway projects. Traditional highway route selection methods are mainly based on on-site surveys and empirical judgments, and the consideration of geological conditions and earthquake impacts is not comprehensive and in-depth. On-site surveys are often limited by terrain, traffic and other conditions, and it is difficult to obtain large-scale, high-precision geological information. Moreover, traditional methods are difficult to effectively predict and evaluate earthquake activities and their secondary disasters, and cannot accurately quantify the risk level of different route plans under earthquakes. In addition, traditional route selection methods are inefficient in processing multi-source data and complex spatial relationships, and it is difficult to comprehensively consider multiple factors such as geology, terrain, transportation, and economy, resulting in a certain degree of blindness and irrationality in the route selection results, which increases the cost and risk of highway construction.

[0004] CN101540020A discloses a three-dimensional highway route selection method, which obtains the DEM and high-resolution image map of the area through which the route passes for preliminary planar route determination; performs three-dimensional horizontal and vertical route determination; performs stereo model route determination to determine the final route. However, the acquisition cost of high-resolution image data is high, and the processing process has strict hardware requirements. CN114418333A discloses a highway route plan evaluation method with comprehensive weighting of multiple factors, and provides a quantifiable subjective and objective comprehensive decision-making optimization model for comprehensive decision-making. However, when determining the weights of factors, there is a lack of clear and definite operating steps and verification methods, and the weights are prone to deviations in actual application.

[0005] CN119203304A discloses a highway route selection optimization method and system based on AI and quantitative parameter constraints, including establishing an initial preset parameter library for highway route selection, using high-precision remote sensing technology, drones, GIS databases and traffic monitoring systems to collect quantitative data, and automatically preprocess the data, develop and train deep learning models, and obtain the optimal route selection scheme. However, AI model training requires massive high-quality data and precise annotations, consumes a lot of computing resources and time, and the geological and topographical differences in different regions are large, and the generalization ability of the model is questionable.

[0006] CN116957326A discloses a method for selecting a road ecological geological route with low environmental impact, including an intelligent control center, a GPS positioning device, and a remote sensing information processing module. The terrain information is collected by detecting a remote sensing detector, and the terrain information is positioned in combination with a GPS positioning device. Finally, the processed terrain information is transmitted to the intelligent control center for storage. The operator can connect the signal of the intelligent control center through an external display to understand the corresponding terrain information. However, the remote sensing detector is restricted by factors such as weather and terrain shielding, and the accuracy of the data is difficult to guarantee. The collaborative working mechanism of each module is unclear, and data transmission and processing problems are prone to occur. Moreover, none of the above considers the control conditions such as the complex regional geology, slope structure and geological disaster susceptibility in the strong earthquake zone. After consulting the data, it is found that there are few invention patents in the field of highway route selection technology, and the advanced technologies such as GIS are not fully utilized. The data processing and analysis methods are relatively single, and it is difficult to comprehensively and accurately evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the route plan, but the pain points of geological route selection still exist for a long time. Summary of the invention

[0007] Based on this, the present application provides a method for selecting highway routes for disaster reduction in strong earthquake zones based on multi-source digital information, which can simultaneously consider and process a variety of data related to highway route selection, such as geological, topographic, earthquake, traffic and other data, and can conduct comprehensive and in-depth analysis and evaluation of the geological structure, slope stability, and susceptibility to geological disasters in strong earthquake zones.

[0008] The present application provides a method for selecting a highway route for disaster reduction in a strong earthquake zone based on multi-source digital information, comprising: constructing a geographic information database of the area through which the highway route passes; performing geological structure analysis, adverse geological analysis, disaster susceptibility analysis and slope structure analysis on the area through which the highway route passes based on data in the geographic information database, determining the must-pass points and prohibited areas of the highway route, and generating a comprehensive geological suitability evaluation layer, a slope structure layer and a disaster susceptibility layer based on the analysis results; performing layer superposition of raster calculation on the comprehensive geological suitability evaluation layer, the slope structure layer and the disaster susceptibility layer, and determining a passable area based on the result of the layer superposition; within the passable area, constructing a target path optimization model based on the highway route selection objective function, executing a path search algorithm in the target path optimization model, and outputting an earthquake-resistant highway route.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present application, constructing a geographic information database of the area through which the highway route passes includes: collecting digital elevation model data and orthophoto data of the area through which the highway route passes; integrating existing road networks, water system vector data and urban planning boundary data; obtaining seismic activity data, the seismic activity data including spatial distribution vector data of active fault zones and historical earthquake data; processing geological structure data to generate an engineering geological map containing stratigraphic lithology classification, fault lines and fold axis distribution; converting all data into a geographic coordinate system and performing spatial registration to construct the geographic information database with multi-source data fusion.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present application, the geological structure analysis, adverse geological analysis, disaster susceptibility analysis and slope structure analysis of the area through which the highway route passes are performed based on the data in the geographic information database to determine the must-pass points and prohibited areas of the highway route, and generate a comprehensive geological suitability evaluation layer, a slope structure layer and a disaster susceptibility layer based on the analysis results, including: calculating the slope direction and slope gradient in the area through which the highway route passes; comparing the calculated slope direction data with the stratum dip data to determine whether the slope is a forward slope or a reverse slope; determining whether each of the slopes is a highway cut slope; if the slope is a highway cut slope, calculating the cut slope height; generating the slope structure layer according to the slope direction, slope gradient, the determination result of whether the slope is a forward slope or a reverse slope, whether it is a highway cut slope and the cut slope height.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present application, the calculating the aspect and slope of the slope in the area through which the highway route passes includes: The slope of the central grid is determined by calculating the elevation difference between the slope and the adjacent grids using the algorithm of the neighborhood window of the target size; let the elevation of the central grid be , the adjacent grid elevation is ( =1, 2, …, n), the slope is calculated by the inverse tangent function:

[0012] in, Include center grid elevation and the adjacent grid elevations of the center grid ; and They are and The elevation change rate in the direction is calculated by the elevation difference between adjacent grids; According to the elevation change rate in the x and y directions, the included angle with the true north direction is calculated using the inverse tangent function to determine the slope direction.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present application, the neighborhood window is a neighborhood window of a size of 3×3, or a neighborhood window larger than 3×3.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present application, the slope direction data obtained by calculation is compared with the formation dip data to determine whether the slope is a positive slope or a reverse slope, comprising: based on the collected formation dip data, the slope direction data obtained by calculation is compared with the formation dip data; when the angle between the slope direction and the formation dip is less than a first angle threshold and the directions are the same, determining that the slope is a positive slope; when the angle between the slope direction and the formation dip is greater than a second angle threshold, determining that the slope is a reverse slope.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present application, determining whether each of the slopes is a highway cut slope includes: calling a highway vector line layer from the geographic information database and converting the highway vector line layer into a raster layer; detecting the elevation change of adjacent terrain grids at the location of the highway grid in the raster layer, and if the elevation change exceeds a change threshold and there is a height difference between the terrain elevations on both sides of the highway, then determining that the slope is a highway cut slope.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present application, when the slope is a highway cut slope, calculating the cut slope height includes: at the location determined to be a highway cut slope, obtaining the highest elevation and the lowest elevation within a preset range of the terrain grid on both sides of the highway, and the difference between the highest elevation and the lowest elevation is the cut slope height of the highway cut slope.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present application, within the passable area, a target path optimization model is constructed based on the highway line selection objective function, a path search algorithm is executed in the target path optimization model, and an earthquake-resistant highway route is output, including: constructing a multi-objective optimization model with engineering cost, earthquake risk impact, route connectivity and service benefit as objectives; wherein the engineering cost is estimated based on land use type and terrain slope data, and the earthquake risk impact is quantified by the fault zone avoidance distance and the disaster susceptibility probability value; using the Dijkstra algorithm or the A* algorithm to search for candidate highway paths that meet the constraints of route length, slope and curve radius; evaluating the slope stability of the candidate highway path by loading seismic motion parameters, simulating the impact range of secondary disasters of the earthquake, and dynamically correcting the candidate highway path to obtain a corrected highway path; iteratively optimizing model parameters according to the simulation results of the multi-objective optimization model, and outputting an earthquake-resistant highway route.

[0018] According to one embodiment of the present application, the method further includes: performing a comprehensive evaluation on the output highway route; if the highway route does not meet the earthquake resistance requirements, repeating the step of outputting an earthquake-resistant highway route until the output highway route meets the comprehensive evaluation, and outputting a highway route that meets the earthquake resistance requirements.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are: by integrating multi-source geographic information data and constructing a multi-dimensional analysis model, the multi-level geological analysis based on the geographic information database can accurately identify high-incidence earthquake damage areas and geological weaknesses, and significantly improve the safety basis of route site selection by demarcating must-go points and no-go areas; the complex geological conditions are converted into visual spatial data by using rasterized layer overlay, making the determination of passable areas more objective and efficient, and effectively avoiding potential risks such as landslides and faults; through the optimization model combining the objective function with the path search algorithm, on the premise of ensuring seismic performance, it can dynamically balance multiple factors such as route length, engineering cost, and environmental interference, and output the route plan with the best comprehensive benefits. Compared with the traditional manual route selection method, the highway disaster reduction route selection method provided in this application has the advantages of strong risk prediction ability, high spatial analysis accuracy, and multi-objective collaborative optimization, and can provide data-driven decision support for highway planning in complex geological environments in strong earthquake zones. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the steps of a method for selecting a disaster reduction route for highways in earthquake zones based on multi-source digital information provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0021] Figure 2 A flowchart for implementing a method for selecting a disaster reduction route for highways in earthquake zones based on multi-source digital information provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 3 An orthophoto map of the area through which the highway route provided in the embodiment of the present application passes.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a distribution map of mountain shadows and slope units provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0024] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of slope distribution provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of elevation distribution representing historical geological disaster data provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a disaster susceptibility layer provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a highway route output provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with test examples and specific implementation methods. However, this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present application being limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies implemented based on the content of the present application belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0029] Unless otherwise specified, in the description of the specific embodiments of the present application, the terms indicating the orientation or position relationship such as "up", "down", "left", "right", "center", "inside", "outside", "side", etc. are all expressions based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or position relationship when the product / equipment / device is usually used. These terms of orientation or position relationship are only for the convenience of describing the scheme of the present application or simplifying the description in the specific embodiments to facilitate the technicians to quickly understand the scheme, rather than indicating or implying that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific position relationship, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0030] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "first", "second", etc. only distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0031] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0032] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the steps of the method for selecting a route for disaster reduction of a road in a strong earthquake zone based on multi-source digital information provided by an embodiment of the present application. The steps of the method for selecting a route for disaster reduction of a road in a strong earthquake zone based on multi-source digital information may include: S1. Construct a geographic information database of the areas through which the highway routes pass.

[0033] S2. Based on the data in the geographic information database, geological structure analysis, adverse geological analysis, disaster susceptibility analysis and slope structure analysis are carried out on the areas through which the highway passes, the must-pass points and prohibited areas of the highway route are determined, and based on the results of the analysis, a comprehensive geological suitability evaluation layer, a slope structure layer and a disaster susceptibility layer are generated.

[0034] S3. Overlay the layers of comprehensive geological suitability evaluation, slope structure and disaster susceptibility layer by raster calculation, and determine the passable area based on the results of the layer overlay.

[0035] S4. In the passable area, a target path optimization model is constructed based on the highway line selection objective function, a path search algorithm is executed in the target path optimization model, and an earthquake-resistant highway route is output.

[0036] Please Figure 1 See on the basis of Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the implementation of the method for selecting a route for disaster reduction of roads in strong earthquake zones based on multi-source digital information provided in the embodiment of the present application. The method provided in the present application is specifically described below with the implementation flowchart.

[0037] In step S1, according to the overall plan, it is necessary to collect high-precision DEM, high-definition orthophotos and current road network, water system, earthquake, geology and town data in the area through which the route passes. Specifically, the method of constructing a regional geographic information database for the area through which the highway route passes may include: Collect digital elevation model data and orthophoto data of the area through which the highway route passes; integrate the existing road network, water system vector data and urban planning boundary data; obtain seismic activity data, which includes spatial distribution vector data of active fault zones and historical earthquake data; process geological structure data to generate engineering geological maps containing stratigraphic lithology classification, fault lines and fold axis distribution; convert all data into a geographic coordinate system and perform spatial registration to construct the geographic information database with multi-source data fusion.

[0038] Please see Figure 3 , Figure 3 The orthophoto map of the area through which the highway route provided in the embodiment of the present application passes. The orthophoto map can provide high-precision terrain reference for geological interpretation and slope unit division, thereby constructing a geographic information database. Figures 3 to 8 The scales and numbers around the map are longitude and latitude markings.

[0039] After constructing a geographic information database based on multi-source digital information, it is necessary to clarify the starting and ending points, necessary points, "three zones and three lines" and other controlling factors of the highway route. Analyze the main factors that may affect the route plan, such as regional geological structure, slope structure and unfavorable geology, and disaster susceptibility evaluation, and finally clarify the necessary points and prohibited areas, that is, detour areas.

[0040] Specifically, in step S2, the method of performing geological structure analysis and adverse geological analysis on the area through which the highway route passes includes: Obtain regional geological maps with information on stratum lithology, folds, faults, and geotechnical parameter data. Obtain the distribution, scale, and development degree of adverse geological phenomena such as landslides, debris flows, karst, and goafs through geological surveys, remote sensing interpretation, and historical data. Use digital elevation model (DEM) data to understand terrain undulations, slopes, and slope directions; as well as hydrological data and existing transportation network data.

[0041] In some embodiments, the comprehensive geological suitability evaluation layer can be obtained by: After data collection is completed, it is processed and analyzed. Different lithologies are classified and suitability weights are assigned based on geological maps. Complex geological structural areas, folds and fault locations are identified and complex structural areas are set as unsuitable or low-suitability areas. At the same time, the danger of adverse geology is assessed, the manageability and economic feasibility of individual potential adverse geology are evaluated, and the area is marked. The slope is calculated and the slope aspect is analyzed using DEM data. The river and lake buffer zones are determined based on hydrological data and the groundwater level is analyzed. The results of each thematic analysis are then superimposed to obtain a comprehensive geological suitability evaluation layer.

[0042] In some embodiments, the slope structure layer can be obtained by: Calculating the aspect and slope of the slopes in the area through which the highway route passes; Compare the calculated slope data with the stratum dip data to determine whether the slope is a positive slope or a reverse slope; Determining whether each of the slopes is a highway cut slope; When the slope is a highway cut slope, calculating the cut slope height; The slope structure layer is generated according to the slope direction, slope gradient, the determination result of whether the slope is a positive slope or a reverse slope, whether it is a highway cut slope, and the cut slope height.

[0043] Please see Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a distribution map of mountain shadows and slope units provided in an embodiment of the present application. Figure 4 In the process of obtaining the slope structure layer, the method of calculating the slope direction and slope gradient of the area through which the highway route passes may include: The slope of the central grid is determined by calculating the elevation difference between the slope and the adjacent grids using the algorithm of the neighborhood window of the target size; let the elevation of the central grid be , the adjacent grid elevation is ( =1, 2, …, n), the slope is calculated by the inverse tangent function:

[0044] in, Include center grid elevation and the adjacent grid elevations of the center grid ; and They are and The elevation change rate in the direction is calculated by the elevation difference between adjacent grids; According to the elevation change rate in the x and y directions, the included angle with the true north direction is calculated using the inverse tangent function to determine the slope direction.

[0045] The target size neighborhood window can be a 3×3 size neighborhood window or a larger neighborhood window than 3×3. Taking the 3×3 size neighborhood window as an example, the slope of the central grid is determined by calculating the elevation difference between it and the 8 adjacent grids. Assume that the elevation of the central grid is , the adjacent grid elevation is ( =1, 2, …, 8), the slope is calculated by the inverse tangent function: , calculated from the elevation difference between adjacent grids. The aspect is calculated from the angle with the north direction using the inverse tangent function based on the rate of change of elevation in the x and y directions. Figure 5 , Figure 5 A schematic diagram of slope distribution provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Optionally, in the process of obtaining the slope structure layer, the method of determining whether the slope is a positive slope or a reverse slope may include: Based on the collected formation dip data, the calculated slope aspect data is compared with the formation dip data; When the angle between the slope direction and the stratum dip is less than a first angle threshold and the directions are the same, the slope is determined to be a positive slope; When the angle between the slope direction and the formation dip is greater than the second angle threshold, the slope is determined to be a reverse slope.

[0047] Specifically, based on the collected formation dip data, the calculated slope direction data is compared with the formation dip data, and a first angle threshold (such as 30°) is set. When the angle between the slope direction and the formation dip is less than the first angle threshold and the directions are the same, it is judged as a positive slope; when the angle between the two is greater than the second angle threshold, such as 150° (180°-30°), it can be judged as a reverse slope.

[0048] Optionally, in the process of obtaining the slope structure layer, the method of determining whether each slope is a highway cut slope may include: Calling a highway vector line layer from the geographic information database, and converting the highway vector line layer into a raster layer; The elevation change of the adjacent terrain grids at the location of the highway grid in the grid layer is detected. If the elevation change exceeds a change threshold and there is a height difference between the terrain elevations on both sides of the highway, it is determined that the highway is cut slope.

[0049] Specifically, the highway vector line layer is converted into a raster layer and overlaid with the terrain DEM raster layer for analysis. By detecting the elevation change of the adjacent terrain raster where the highway raster is located, if the elevation change exceeds a certain threshold (such as 1 m) and the terrain elevation on both sides of the highway shows a significant difference in height, it can be determined as a cut slope.

[0050] Optionally, in the process of obtaining the slope structure layer, the method of calculating the slope cutting height may include: At the location determined to be a highway slope cut, the highest elevation and the lowest elevation within a preset range of the terrain grids on both sides of the highway are obtained, and the difference between the highest elevation and the lowest elevation is the slope cut height of the highway slope cut.

[0051] Specifically, at the location determined to be a cut slope, the height of the cut slope is calculated by obtaining the maximum elevation difference of the terrain grids on both sides of the highway. Using the raster analysis tool in the terrain information system, the highest and lowest elevations of the terrain grids within a certain range (such as 50 m) on both sides of the slope where the highway crosses are extracted, and the difference between the two is the height of the cut slope.

[0052] In some embodiments, the disaster susceptibility layer can be obtained by: First, we need to collect various basic data, including topographic data (such as DEM, which is used to extract slope, slope direction, terrain undulation, etc.), geological data (stratum lithology, geological structure, etc., different lithology and structure affect the probability of disasters), hydrological data (river distribution, groundwater level, etc., which affect the stability of rock and soil), meteorological data (precipitation, earthquakes, etc.) and historical geological disaster data. Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 A schematic diagram of elevation distribution representing historical geological disaster data provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] Then, based on these data, we use evaluation models such as hierarchical analysis method, information model, and logistic regression model to determine the weight and contribution of each influencing factor. The data of each factor is processed and superimposed according to the model requirements. On the GIS platform, the random forest model (RF) is used. Based on the above results, n sample sets of the same size as the original sample set (usually 2 / 3 of m) are randomly selected from the training set m with replacement, and then a decision tree model is established for each training sample to obtain n classification results. Finally, a vote is conducted based on the n classification results to output the final result and generate a disaster susceptibility layer. Please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a disaster susceptibility layer provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the warmer the color, the higher the disaster susceptibility of the area, and red represents existing geological disasters in historical data.

[0054] After obtaining the comprehensive geological suitability evaluation layer, the slope structure layer and the disaster susceptibility layer, the comprehensive geological suitability evaluation layer, the slope structure layer and the disaster susceptibility layer obtained in step S2 can be overlaid with raster calculations, and the passable area is determined based on the result of the layer overlay.

[0055] Optionally, after determining the passable area in step S4, within the passable area, a target path optimization model is constructed based on the highway line selection objective function, and a path search algorithm is executed in the target path optimization model. The method of outputting the earthquake-resistant highway route may include: A multi-objective optimization model is constructed with project cost, earthquake risk impact, route connectivity and service benefits as the objectives; wherein the project cost is estimated based on land use type and terrain slope data, and the earthquake risk impact is quantified by the fault zone avoidance distance and disaster susceptibility probability value; Use Dijkstra algorithm or A* algorithm to search for candidate highway paths that meet the constraints of route length, slope and curve radius; By loading earthquake motion parameters to evaluate the slope stability of the candidate highway path and simulating the impact range of secondary disasters caused by earthquakes, the candidate highway path is dynamically corrected to obtain a corrected highway path; The model parameters are iteratively optimized according to the simulation results of the multi-objective optimization model, and an earthquake-resistant highway route is output.

[0056] Specifically, within the accessible area, based on the network analysis function of the geographic information system, the model is constructed with the objective functions of minimizing engineering costs, minimizing the impact of earthquake risks, maximizing route connectivity and service benefits. Engineering costs include land acquisition costs, earthwork costs, bridge and tunnel construction costs, etc., which are estimated by obtaining data such as land use type and terrain slope through the geographic information system; the impact of earthquake risks is evaluated based on factors such as earthquake activity frequency, magnitude, and geological structure, and higher risk costs are assigned to routes that cross earthquake fault zones and high earthquake risk areas; route connectivity considers the connection with the existing road network and the coverage of towns and important nodes along the route; service benefits are measured in combination with traffic flow forecasts and regional economic development needs. Set constraints such as route length, slope, and curve radius, and use path search algorithms such as the Dijkstra algorithm or the A* algorithm. On the premise of meeting the constraints, start from the starting point and gradually search for a route solution that passes through each necessary point and meets the optimal objective function. At the same time, considering the particularity of strong earthquake zones, earthquake disaster simulation analysis is conducted on the route plan to evaluate the safety of the route under different earthquake scenarios. For example, by simulating the impact of secondary disasters such as landslides and mud-rock flows caused by earthquakes on the route, the route plan is further optimized to ensure that the final route has high safety and feasibility in strong earthquake zones. Figure 8 , Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the output highway route provided in the embodiment of the present application. Among them, the locations where important towns and bridges pass are must-pass points, and the locations where tunnels are avoided are prohibited areas. The orange route is the output highway route.

[0057] In some optional embodiments, in order to improve the reliability of the output road route, the method provided by the present application may further include: Performing a comprehensive evaluation on the output highway route; If the highway route does not meet the earthquake resistance requirements, the step of outputting an earthquake-resistant highway route is repeated until the output highway route meets the comprehensive evaluation and a highway route that meets the earthquake resistance requirements is output.

[0058] In the above implementation process, by integrating multi-source geographic information data and constructing a multi-dimensional analysis model, the multi-level geological analysis based on the geographic information database can accurately identify high-incidence earthquake damage areas and geological weak points, and significantly improve the safety basis of route site selection by demarcating must-pass points and prohibited areas; the complex geological conditions are converted into visual spatial data by rasterized layer overlay, making the determination of passable areas more objective and efficient, and effectively avoiding potential risks such as landslides and faults; through the optimization model that combines the objective function with the path search algorithm, on the premise of ensuring seismic performance, it can dynamically balance multiple factors such as route length, engineering cost, and environmental interference, and output the route plan with the best comprehensive benefits. Compared with the traditional manual route selection method, the highway disaster reduction route selection method provided in this application has the advantages of strong risk prediction ability, high spatial analysis accuracy, and multi-objective collaborative optimization, which can provide data-driven decision support for highway planning in complex geological environments in strong earthquake zones.

[0059] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, a person skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. Such modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and should all be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for selecting highway routes for disaster reduction in strong earthquake areas based on multi-source digital information, characterized in that: include: Construct a geographic information database of the areas through which the highway routes pass; Based on the data in the geographic information database, geological structure analysis, adverse geological analysis, disaster susceptibility analysis and slope structure analysis are performed on the area through which the highway route passes, the must-pass points and prohibited areas of the highway route are determined, and based on the analysis results, a comprehensive geological suitability evaluation layer, a slope structure layer and a disaster susceptibility layer are generated; Performing raster calculation layer overlay on the comprehensive geological suitability evaluation layer, the slope structure layer and the disaster susceptibility layer, and determining a passable area based on the result of the layer overlay; In the passable area, a target path optimization model is constructed based on the highway line selection objective function, a path search algorithm is executed in the target path optimization model, and an earthquake-resistant highway route is output.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The construction of the geographic information database of the area through which the highway route passes includes: Collect digital elevation model data and orthophoto data of the area through which the highway route passes; Integrate the existing road network, water system vector data and town planning boundary data; Acquiring seismic activity data, wherein the seismic activity data includes spatial distribution vector data of active fault zones and historical earthquake data; Processing geological structure data to generate engineering geological maps including stratum lithology classification, fault lines and fold axis distribution; All data are converted into geographic coordinate systems and spatially aligned to construct the geographic information database that integrates multi-source data.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of performing geological structure analysis, adverse geological analysis, disaster susceptibility analysis and slope structure analysis on the area through which the highway route passes based on the data in the geographic information database, determining the must-pass points and prohibited areas of the highway route, and generating a comprehensive geological suitability evaluation layer, a slope structure layer and a disaster susceptibility layer based on the analysis results, includes: Calculating the aspect and slope of the slopes in the area through which the highway route passes; Compare the calculated slope data with the stratum dip data to determine whether the slope is a positive slope or a reverse slope; Determining whether each of the slopes is a highway cut slope; When the slope is a highway cut slope, calculating the cut slope height; The slope structure layer is generated according to the slope direction, slope gradient, the determination result of whether the slope is a positive slope or a reverse slope, whether it is a highway cut slope, and the cut slope height.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The calculating of the slope aspect and the slope gradient of the area through which the highway route passes comprises: The slope of the central grid is determined by calculating the elevation difference between the slope and the adjacent grids using the algorithm of the neighborhood window of the target size; let the elevation of the central grid be , the adjacent grid elevation is ( =1, 2, …, n), the slope is calculated by the inverse tangent function: in, Include center grid elevation and the adjacent grid elevations of the center grid ; and They are and The elevation change rate in the direction is calculated by the elevation difference between adjacent grids; According to the elevation change rate in the x and y directions, the included angle with the true north direction is calculated using the inverse tangent function to determine the slope direction.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The neighborhood window is a neighborhood window of a size of 3×3, or a neighborhood window larger than 3×3.

6. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step of comparing the calculated slope aspect data with the stratum dip data to determine whether the slope is a positive slope or a reverse slope includes: Based on the collected formation dip data, the calculated slope aspect data is compared with the formation dip data; When the angle between the slope direction and the stratum dip is less than a first angle threshold and the directions are the same, the slope is determined to be a positive slope; When the angle between the slope direction and the formation dip is greater than the second angle threshold, the slope is determined to be a reverse slope.

7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that The step of determining whether each slope is a highway cut slope comprises: Calling a highway vector line layer from the geographic information database, and converting the highway vector line layer into a raster layer; The elevation change of the adjacent terrain grids at the location of the highway grid in the grid layer is detected. If the elevation change exceeds a change threshold and there is a height difference between the terrain elevations on both sides of the highway, it is determined that the highway is cut slope.

8. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that When the slope is a highway cut slope, calculating the cut slope height includes: At the location determined to be a highway slope cut, the highest elevation and the lowest elevation within a preset range of the terrain grids on both sides of the highway are obtained, and the difference between the highest elevation and the lowest elevation is the slope cut height of the highway slope cut.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The target path optimization model is constructed based on the highway line selection objective function in the passable area, and a path search algorithm is executed in the target path optimization model to output a seismic-resistant highway route, including: A multi-objective optimization model is constructed with project cost, earthquake risk impact, route connectivity and service benefits as the objectives; wherein the project cost is estimated based on land use type and terrain slope data, and the earthquake risk impact is quantified by the fault zone avoidance distance and disaster susceptibility probability value; Use Dijkstra algorithm or A* algorithm to search for candidate highway paths that meet the constraints of route length, slope and curve radius; By loading earthquake motion parameters to evaluate the slope stability of the candidate highway path and simulating the impact range of secondary disasters caused by earthquakes, the candidate highway path is dynamically corrected to obtain a corrected highway path; The model parameters are iteratively optimized according to the simulation results of the multi-objective optimization model, and an earthquake-resistant highway route is output.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method further comprises: Performing a comprehensive evaluation on the output highway route; If the highway route does not meet the earthquake resistance requirements, the step of outputting an earthquake-resistant highway route is repeated until the output highway route meets the comprehensive evaluation and a highway route that meets the earthquake resistance requirements is output.

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