Electric heating gas hydrogen multi-time scale control method considering battery echelon utilization

Abstract

The invention provides an electrothermal hydrogen gas multi-time scale control method considering battery echelon utilization. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a charge-discharge cycle index-based retired battery residual life loss model; establishing a multi-parameter charging and discharging margin model of the retired battery; calculating a cost model of the retired battery energy storage system; when the low-carbon economic regulation and control strategy is implemented, wind and light abandoning cost, electricity and gas purchasing cost and operation and maintenance cost are calculated; establishing a carbon emission quota distribution model of the carbon transaction, and then calculating the actual total carbon emission; according to different time scale energy supply and electrical thermal load requirements, the complementary influence of the short-time characteristic of the decommissioned battery energy storage system and the long-time characteristic of the hot gas hydrogen energy storage system is considered, so that an electric hot gas hydrogen multi-time scale control model considering echelon utilization of the decommissioned battery is constructed. According to the invention, multi-time-scale coupling control is carried out on electrothermal hydrogen by taking battery echelon utilization into account, and the economical efficiency and the low-carbon property of the system are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of system operation and control, and in particular to a multi-time scale control method of electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous economic growth, the demand for traditional energy is rapidly expanding, and the demand for new energy is also emerging. In order to promote sustainable development and environmental protection, China has established the "dual carbon" goal, which has created favorable conditions for the energy and power system to achieve multiple energy complementarity horizontally and promote the coordinated transformation of "source-grid-load-storage" vertically. Based on the advantages of energy complementarity and the principle of energy utilization step by step, the overall planning of multi-energy system coupling aims to improve energy utilization efficiency and system stability. In addition, with the explosive growth of the electric vehicle market, a large number of power batteries are about to usher in the peak of retirement. These retired batteries have significant application potential in the field of new power systems. By recombining single battery modules with good performance and applying them to energy storage scenarios with low requirements for battery performance, it is not only possible to maximize the full life cycle value of power batteries, but also effectively reduce the cost of energy storage systems.

[0003] The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has emphasized the importance of safety in the process of recycling retired power batteries in the "Management Measures for the Recycling of Power Batteries for New Energy Vehicles", and stipulated that battery performance must meet standards. At the same time, multi-energy coupling control systems will generate carbon emissions during operation due to energy conversion and equipment operation. Therefore, the current research focus is on how to achieve low-carbon operation of the system and ensure its safe and stable operation while implementing the recycling of retired batteries.

[0004] At present, the energy storage methods used in power systems are mainly used to alleviate short-term power fluctuations, but their stabilization effect is limited for the mismatch between renewable energy output and load demand on a long time scale. In order to cope with power shortages at different time scales, large-capacity, long-term energy storage technologies are needed. Gas storage, heat storage, and hydrogen storage are important means of large-scale, long-term energy storage. Multi-time scale energy storage can achieve energy scheduling across time and space, which is of great significance for promoting the consumption of a high proportion of renewable energy. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related art.

[0006] To this end, the purpose of the present invention is to propose a multi-time scale control method for electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account the cascade utilization of batteries. Specifically, the multi-time scale control method for electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account the cascade utilization of batteries determines the factors affecting the remaining life of retired batteries by analyzing the influence of the operating characteristics of retired batteries on their life loss, and establishes a remaining life loss model for retired batteries based on the number of charge and discharge cycles; by considering the influence of retired battery life loss on battery charge and discharge margin, a multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model for retired batteries is established; by considering the safety margin of retired batteries, multi-time scale optimization control of electric heating gas hydrogen is achieved; by solving the multi-time scale low-carbon economic optimization problem of electric heating gas hydrogen for the cascade utilization of retired batteries, the economy and low carbon nature of system operation are guaranteed.

[0007] In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention provides a multi-time scale control method for electric, thermal and hydrogen gas taking into account the cascade utilization of batteries. The electric, thermal, gas and hydrogen multi-time scale control method taking into account the battery cascade utilization comprises: step S1: analyzing the remaining available interval capacity, the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the capacity retention rate of the retired battery on the remaining life of the retired battery, so as to establish a retired battery remaining life loss model based on the number of charge and discharge cycles; step S2: analyzing the retired battery charge and discharge margin characteristics based on the retired battery remaining life loss model, so as to establish a retired battery multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model; step S3: calculating the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system; step S4: based on the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system, when implementing a low-carbon economic regulation strategy, calculating the wind and solar power abandonment cost, the electricity and gas purchase cost, and the operation and maintenance cost; step S5: establishing a carbon emission quota allocation model for carbon trading by means of free allocation, and then calculating the actual total carbon emissions; step S6: according to the difference in energy supply and electrical heat load demand at different time scales, and considering the complementary influence of the short-term characteristics of the retired battery energy storage system and the long-term characteristics of the heat, gas and hydrogen energy storage systems, so as to construct an electric, thermal, gas and hydrogen multi-time scale control model taking into account the cascade utilization of retired batteries.

[0008] Preferably, the step S1 specifically includes:

[0009] Step S1.1: Based on the fact that the attenuation law of the capacity retention rate with the number of charge and discharge cycles of retired batteries conforms to a power function relationship, a mathematical expression for the capacity retention rate is established as follows:

[0010] Q(n)=Q 0 -x·n τ (1)

[0011] In formula (1), n ​​is the number of charge and discharge cycles of the retired battery; Q(n) is the capacity retention rate of the retired battery after n charge and discharge cycles; Q 0, χ and τ are the initial capacity retention rate, capacity attenuation coefficient and power exponent of retired batteries, respectively;

[0012] Step S1.2: Establishing the maximum available cycle number n of the retired battery s The mathematical expression is:

[0013]

[0014] In formula (2), Q m is the capacity retention rate threshold. When the capacity retention rate Q(n) decays to the capacity retention rate threshold Q m When the battery is used, it shall be scrapped;

[0015] Step S1.3: When the power battery is retired from the electric vehicle, the power battery is now a retired battery, and the number of cycles n of the retired battery is established. r The mathematical expression is:

[0016]

[0017] In formula (3), Y is the service life of the power battery when it is retired; e is the power consumption of the electric vehicle per 100 kilometers; E(D) is the expected daily mileage of the electric vehicle; A e Indicates the rated capacity of retired batteries;

[0018] Step S1.4: Establish a mathematical expression for the number of charge and discharge cycles n of the retired battery:

[0019] n=n s -n r (4)

[0020] Step S1.5: The mathematical expression of the remaining life loss model of retired batteries based on the number of charge and discharge cycles is established as follows:

[0021] A SL =A c ·[Q(n r )-Q m ] (5)

[0023] In formula (5), A SL A is the remaining available interval capacity of the retired battery; c It is the cell capacity of retired batteries.

[0024] Preferably, the step S2 specifically includes:

[0025] Step S2.1: Establish t 1 ~t 2 The mathematical expression of the charge and discharge depth β of the power battery at the moment is:

[0026]

[0027] In formula (6), P b (t) is the output power of the power battery during period t;

[0028] Step S2.2: Assuming that the number of charge and discharge times of the power battery used in the electric vehicle is N times, the mathematical expression for the corresponding life attenuation of the power battery δ(t) is established as follows:

[0029]

[0030] In formula (7), N is the number of times the power battery is charged and discharged;

[0031] Step S2.3: The mathematical expression of the charge and discharge model of the retired battery is established as:

[0032]

[0033] In formula (8), A(t) is the energy storage of the retired battery in period t; A(t-1) is the energy storage of the retired battery in period (t-1); P dis (t) is the charging power of the retired battery in period t; P cha (t) is the discharge power of the retired battery in period t; η c , η d They represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of retired batteries respectively; Δt is the time interval;

[0034] Step S2.4: Based on steps S2.2 and S2.3, the SOC value S of the retired battery in the current period t is obtained. OC The mathematical expression of (t) is:

[0035]

[0036] In formula (9), S OC (t-1) represents the SOC value of the retired battery during the period (t-1);

[0037] Step S2.5: Establish a mathematical expression for the relationship between the state of charge of the retired battery energy storage and the charging and discharging power of the retired battery:

[0038]

[0039] In formula (10), P e Indicates the rated power of retired batteries;

[0040] Step S2.6: The mathematical expression for establishing the multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model for retired batteries is:

[0041]

[0042] In formula (11), S OCmin , S OCmax are the upper and lower limits of the state of charge of retired batteries respectively; S OC,0 is the initial state of charge of the retired battery; ψ T is the temperature correction coefficient; T k is the current cut-off time; i(t) is the operating current.

[0043] Preferably, the step S3 specifically includes:

[0044] Step S3.1: Establish the initial investment cost f of the decommissioned battery energy storage system a The mathematical expression is:

[0045]

[0046] In formula (12), the initial investment cost f of the retired battery energy storage system is a It is composed of unit capacity cost and power cost; γ is the yield rate of the product; f e is the unit capacity cost of the retired battery energy storage system; f p is the power cost of the retired battery energy storage system; P e is the rated power of the retired battery energy storage system;

[0047] Step S3.2: Establish the operation and maintenance cost f of the retired battery energy storage system b The mathematical expression is:

[0048] f b =f e ·A e ·(1+R b ) -(y-1) (13)

[0049] In formula (13), R b is the benchmark rate of return; y is the year;

[0050] Step S3.3: When the retired battery energy storage system operates for d days, the peak-valley arbitrage income of the retired battery energy storage system is f c The mathematical expression is:

[0051]

[0052] In formula (14), d e (t) is the real-time transaction electricity price; d is the total number of days the retired battery energy storage system is in operation; t is the hour of the day;

[0053] Step S3.4: When the retired battery energy storage system is in operation in year y, the benefit f obtained by the retired battery energy storage system through carbon emission reduction d The mathematical expression is:

[0054] f d =d·C CT ·C D ·(1+R b ) -(y-1) (15)

[0055] In formula (15), C CT is the carbon trading unit price; C D For carbon emission reduction.

[0056] Preferably, the step S4 specifically includes:

[0057] Step S4.1: Establish the cost of wind and solar power abandonment f w The mathematical expression is:

[0058]

[0059] In formula (16), ΔC wp (t), ΔC p (t) are the amount of wind and solar power abandoned, respectively; β w is the cost coefficient of wind and solar power abandonment;

[0060] Step S4.2: Establish the electricity and gas purchase costs f g The mathematical expression is:

[0061]

[0062] In formula (17), C e (t) is the amount of electricity purchased; d g (t) is the real-time transaction gas price; C g (t) is the amount of gas purchased;

[0063] Step S4.3: Establish operation and maintenance cost f E The mathematical expression is:

[0064]

[0065] In formula (18), the operation and maintenance cost f E k is the sum of the operation and maintenance costs of the energy coupling equipment of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen; i is the operation and maintenance coefficient of energy equipment i; P t,i is the output power at time t.

[0066] Preferably, the step S5 specifically includes:

[0067] Step S5.1: Establish a carbon emission quota allocation model for carbon trading by adopting a free allocation method; wherein the mathematical expression of the carbon emission quota allocation model for carbon trading is:

[0068]

[0069] In formula (19), C is the total carbon quota; C g , C CHP , C GB are the free carbon quotas for external power purchase, combined heat and power units, and gas boilers; θ g is the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity of the upper power grid; sum(·) represents the sum of the numerical matrix; θ e ,θ q are the carbon quota coefficient per unit of electricity and the carbon quota coefficient per unit of heat respectively; γ e,q P is the conversion factor from power generation to heat supply; GT (t) is the power output value of the gas turbine; P GB (t), P WHB (t) are the thermal power output values ​​of the gas boiler and the waste heat boiler respectively;

[0070] Step S5.2: Incorporating the capture and utilization effect of the methane reactor on carbon dioxide to calculate the actual total carbon emissions C' mathematical expression is:

[0071]

[0072] In formula (20), C' is the actual total carbon emissions: C g '、C' G are the actual carbon emissions generated by external electricity purchases and gas-fired units; C MR is the total amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the methane reactor; P G (t) is the equivalent output power of the gas unit; η MR is the efficiency coefficient of carbon dioxide absorption during the conversion process of the methane reactor; a 1 , b 1 、c 1 is the parameter used to calculate the carbon emissions of purchased electricity; a 2 , b 2 、c 2 It is the parameter used to calculate the carbon emission of gas units.

[0073] Preferably, the step S6 specifically includes:

[0074] Step S6.1: Under the premise of meeting the load demand of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen, with the lowest system operation cost and the lowest carbon emissions as the objective function, the mathematical expression of the long-term low-carbon economic optimization model of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen is constructed as follows:

[0075]

[0076] In formula (21), f is the total cost; f 1 is the economic cost; 2 is low carbon cost; f r is the operating cost of each entity in the system; g is the energy purchase cost of the power grid, gas grid, and heat grid; f w Penalty costs for wind and solar curtailment; E is the operating energy cost; 1 , κ 2 are the proportions of economic goals and low-carbon goals in the total goals, κ 1 +κ 2 =1; C i (t) is the carbon emission of the ith subject at time t; λ is the reward and punishment coefficient of different seasons; d is the number of days measured in each quarter;

[0077] Step S6.2: Considering the complementary effects of the short-term characteristics of the retired battery energy storage system and the long-term characteristics of the heat, gas, and hydrogen energy storage systems, the cost of the retired battery system is included in the total operating cost to construct a short-term control model for electricity, heat, gas, and hydrogen that takes into account the cascade utilization of retired batteries:

[0078]

[0079] In formula (22), f a is the initial investment cost of the retired battery energy storage system; b is the operation and maintenance cost of the retired battery energy storage system; C'(t) is the actual total carbon emissions at time t.

[0080] Preferably, the battery cell capacity A c The unit is mAh.

[0081] Preferably, the unit capacity cost of the retired battery energy storage system is e The unit is 10,000 yuan / MWh; the power cost of the retired battery energy storage system is f p The unit is 10,000 yuan / MW; the rated power of the retired battery energy storage system is P e The unit is MW.

[0082] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0083] The electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale control method taking into account the battery cascade utilization provided by the present invention analyzes the remaining available interval capacity, the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the capacity retention rate of retired batteries on the remaining life of retired batteries, and considers the battery life loss characteristics to establish a retired battery multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model; based on the difference between energy supply and electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen load demand at different time scales, the complementary influence of short-term battery energy storage characteristics and long-term gas, heat, and hydrogen energy storage characteristics is considered, and the proportion of electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen energy supply is dynamically adjusted according to electricity prices at different times, and an electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale control model considering the safety margin of retired batteries is constructed; on the premise of meeting the electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen load demand, the electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale low-carbon economic optimization control is performed with the lowest system operating cost and the least carbon emissions as the objective function. Considering the life loss and safety margin of retired batteries, electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen are coupled controlled on multiple time scales to improve the economy and low carbon of the system.

[0084] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0085] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of a multi-time scale control method for electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0086] Figure 2 A schematic flow chart showing a multi-time scale control method for electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0087] Figure 3 A diagram showing a multi-time scale optimization control architecture of electric heating gas hydrogen according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0088] Figure 4 A graph showing the variation of the electric heating gas hydrogen energy storage capacity according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0089] Figure 5 A diagram showing the electric power balance result in a typical scenario of an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0090] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention, Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementations. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0091] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0092] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a multi-time scale control method for electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the multi-time scale control method of electric, thermal, and gas hydrogen taking into account the battery cascade utilization includes: analyzing the factors affecting the remaining life of retired batteries; constructing a multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model for retired batteries; establishing a carbon quota allocation model; analyzing the energy supply and load demand characteristics; constructing a multi-time scale control model for electric, thermal, and gas hydrogen; performing seasonal control; after performing seasonal control, judging whether the system is operating in a low-carbon economy; when the judgment result is no, continuing seasonal control; when the judgment result is yes, performing daily control; performing hourly control; after performing hourly control, judging whether the load demand of electric, thermal, and gas hydrogen is met; when the judgment result is yes, the optimization control of the system is completed; when the judgment result is no, returning to the step of performing daily control;

[0093] The steps of seasonal control include: establishing a seasonal optimization control model; solving and obtaining a seasonal energy storage output plan; the steps of daily control include: formulating a daily carbon emission plan according to the seasonal plan and load forecast; the steps of hourly control include: adjusting the output of the battery energy storage system according to the daily plan and load demand; and adjusting the electric, thermal, gas and hydrogen coupling output.

[0094] In this embodiment, the multi-time scale control method of electric heat gas hydrogen taking into account the battery cascade utilization provided by the present invention, first, analyzes the influence of the remaining available capacity, charge and discharge cycle number and capacity retention rate of the retired battery on its remaining life, considers the battery life loss characteristics, and establishes a multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model for retired batteries; secondly, analyzes the "hour-day-season" carbon emission characteristics in the system, and establishes a carbon quota allocation model by free allocation; based on the difference between energy supply and load demand, considers the complementary influence of the short-term characteristics of battery energy storage and the long-term characteristics of heat, gas and hydrogen energy storage, and constructs a multi-time scale control model of electric heat gas hydrogen taking into account the safety margin of retired batteries; finally, under the condition of meeting the load demand, the electric heat gas hydrogen is controlled on a short time scale; with the goal of minimizing the operating cost of the whole life cycle and minimizing the carbon emissions, a seasonal electric heat gas hydrogen low-carbon economic control model is established. The control method of the present invention takes into account the life loss and safety margin of retired batteries, takes into account the battery cascade utilization to perform multi-time scale coupling control on electric heat gas hydrogen, and improves the economy and low carbon of the system.

[0095] Figure 2FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart showing a multi-time scale control method for electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization according to another embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the electric heating gas hydrogen multi-time scale control method taking into account the battery cascade utilization includes:

[0096] Step S1: analyzing the effects of the remaining available interval capacity, the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the capacity retention rate of the retired battery on the remaining life of the retired battery, so as to establish a remaining life loss model of the retired battery based on the number of charge and discharge cycles;

[0097] Step S2: analyzing the charge and discharge margin characteristics of the retired batteries based on the remaining life loss model of the retired batteries to establish a multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model for the retired batteries;

[0098] Step S3: Calculate the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system;

[0099] Step S4: Based on the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system, when implementing the low-carbon economic regulation strategy, calculate the cost of wind and solar power abandonment, electricity and gas purchase costs, and operation and maintenance costs;

[0100] Step S5: Establish a carbon emission quota allocation model for carbon trading by adopting a free allocation method, and then calculate the actual total carbon emissions;

[0101] Step S6: Based on the differences in energy supply and electrical heat load demand at different time scales, and considering the complementary effects of the short-term characteristics of the retired battery energy storage system and the long-term characteristics of the heat, gas, and hydrogen energy storage systems, a multi-time scale control model for electricity, heat, gas, and hydrogen that takes into account the cascade utilization of retired batteries is constructed.

[0102] In this embodiment, the electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale control method provided by the present invention taking into account the battery cascade utilization analyzes the remaining available interval capacity, the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the capacity retention rate of the retired battery. The impact on the remaining life of the retired battery is analyzed, and the battery life loss characteristics are considered to establish a retired battery multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model; based on the difference between energy supply and electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen load demand at different time scales, the complementary influence of short-term battery energy storage characteristics and long-term heat, gas, and hydrogen energy storage characteristics is considered, and the proportion of electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen energy supply is dynamically adjusted according to the electricity price at different times, and an electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale control model considering the safety margin of retired batteries is constructed; on the premise of meeting the electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen load demand, the electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale low-carbon economic optimization control is performed with the lowest system operating cost and the least carbon emissions as the objective function. Considering the life loss and safety margin of retired batteries, electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen are coupled controlled on multiple time scales to improve the economy and low carbon of the system.

[0103] In one embodiment of the present invention, the battery cell capacity A c The unit is mAh.

[0104] In one embodiment of the present invention, the unit capacity cost f of the retired battery energy storage system is e The unit is 10,000 yuan / MWh; the power cost of the retired battery energy storage system is f p The unit is 10,000 yuan / MW; the rated power of the retired battery energy storage system is P e The unit is MW.

[0105] Figure 3 FIG. 1 shows a multi-time scale optimization control architecture diagram of electric heating gas hydrogen according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the composition and hierarchical relationship of the multi-time scale optimization control architecture of electric, thermal, gas and hydrogen can be obtained. The purpose is to clearly express the coordination and optimization mechanism between the various systems in the optimization control architecture.

[0106] Figure 4 FIG. 1 shows a graph showing the change in the electric heating gas hydrogen energy storage capacity of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the capacity of each energy storage system of electric, thermal, gas and hydrogen can be obtained over time or under certain conditions. The purpose is to intuitively display the dynamic changes of energy storage capacity and its optimization potential.

[0107] Figure 5 FIG. 2 shows a diagram of the power balance result in a typical scenario of an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, it can be seen that the power of the power system reaches a balanced state in a typical scenario. The purpose is to demonstrate the practical effect of the present invention in maintaining the balance of electric power.

[0108] The following is a specific example to illustrate the multi-time scale control method of electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery recycling of the present invention.

[0109] The implementation steps of the multi-time scale control method of electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account the battery cascade utilization of this specific embodiment are as follows:

[0110] (1) Step S1: Analyze the effects of the remaining available range capacity, the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the capacity retention rate of the retired battery on the remaining life of the retired battery, so as to establish a remaining life loss model for the retired battery based on the number of charge and discharge cycles.

[0111] The step S1 specifically includes:

[0112] Step S1.1: Based on the fact that the attenuation law of the capacity retention rate with the number of charge and discharge cycles of retired batteries conforms to a power function relationship, a mathematical expression for the capacity retention rate is established as follows:

[0113] Q(n)=Q 0 -x·n τ (1)

[0114] In formula (1), n ​​is the number of charge and discharge cycles of the retired battery; Q(n) is the capacity retention rate of the retired battery after n charge and discharge cycles; Q 0 , χ and τ are the initial capacity retention rate, capacity attenuation coefficient and power exponent of retired batteries, respectively;

[0115] Step S1.2: Establishing the maximum available cycle number n of the retired battery s The mathematical expression is:

[0116]

[0117] In formula (2), Q m is the capacity retention rate threshold. When the capacity retention rate Q(n) decays to the capacity retention rate threshold Q m When the battery is used, it shall be scrapped;

[0118] Step S1.3: When the power battery is retired from the electric vehicle, the power battery is now a retired battery, and the number of cycles n of the retired battery is established. r The mathematical expression is:

[0119]

[0120] In formula (3), Y is the service life of the power battery when it is retired; e is the power consumption of the electric vehicle per 100 kilometers; E(D) is the expected daily mileage of the electric vehicle; A e Indicates the rated capacity of retired batteries;

[0121] Step S1.4: Establish a mathematical expression for the number of charge and discharge cycles n of the retired battery:

[0122] n=n s -n r (4)

[0123] Step S1.5: The mathematical expression of the remaining life loss model of retired batteries based on the number of charge and discharge cycles is established as follows:

[0124] A SL =A c ·[Q(n r )-Q m ](5)

[0126] In formula (5), A SL A is the remaining available interval capacity of the retired battery; c It is the cell capacity of retired batteries.

[0127] (2) Step S2: analyzing the charge and discharge margin characteristics of the retired batteries based on the retired battery remaining life loss model to establish a multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model for the retired batteries.

[0128] The step S2 specifically includes:

[0129] Step S2.1: Establish t 1 ~t 2 The mathematical expression of the charge and discharge depth β of the power battery at the moment is:

[0130]

[0131] In formula (6), P b (t) is the output power of the power battery during period t;

[0132] Step S2.2: Assuming that the number of charge and discharge times of the power battery used in the electric vehicle is N times, the mathematical expression for the corresponding life attenuation of the power battery δ(t) is established as follows:

[0133]

[0134] In formula (7), N is the number of times the power battery is charged and discharged;

[0135] Step S2.3: The mathematical expression of the charge and discharge model of the retired battery is established as:

[0136]

[0137] In formula (8), A(t) is the energy storage of the retired battery in period t; A(t-1) is the energy storage of the retired battery in period (t-1); P dis (t) is the charging power of the retired battery in period t; P cha (t) is the discharge power of the retired battery in period t; η c , η d They represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of retired batteries respectively; Δt is the time interval;

[0138] Step S2.4: Based on steps S2.2 and S2.3, the SOC value S of the retired battery in the current period t is obtained. OC The mathematical expression of (t) is:

[0139]

[0140] In formula (9), S OC (t-1) represents the SOC value of the retired battery during the period (t-1);

[0141] Step S2.5: Establish a mathematical expression for the relationship between the state of charge of the retired battery energy storage and the charging and discharging power of the retired battery:

[0142]

[0143] In formula (10), P e Indicates the rated power of retired batteries;

[0144] Step S2.6: The mathematical expression for establishing the multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model for retired batteries is:

[0145]

[0146] In formula (11), S OCmin , S OCmax are the upper and lower limits of the state of charge of retired batteries respectively; S OC,0 is the initial state of charge of the retired battery; ψ T is the temperature correction coefficient; T k is the current cut-off time; i(t) is the operating current.

[0147] Furthermore, the output power limit can be calculated from the safety margin of retired batteries:

[0148]

[0149] In formula (13), P min , P max The upper and lower limits of the output power of retired batteries;

[0150] Furthermore, the constraints of the retired battery energy storage model include the system's charge and discharge power limit, charge and discharge balance constraint, and state of charge constraint:

[0151] Charge and discharge power upper and lower limits:

[0152]

[0153] Where: Pmaxcha and Pmaxdis are charging power P cha and discharge power P dis The upper limit of U cha (t), U dis (t) are the charging and discharging positions of retired battery energy storage, which are 0-1 variables.

[0154] Charge and discharge balance constraints:

[0155]

[0156] State of Charge Constraints:

[0157]

[0158] Furthermore, the constraints related to constructing the electric-heat-gas-hydrogen coupling control model are expressed as follows:

[0159] Electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen power balance constraints:

[0160]

[0161] Where: P(t) is the electrical load of the system at time t; P WG (t) is the output power of the wind turbine; P CHP (t) is the power generation capacity of the cogeneration unit at the tth moment; P HFC (t) is the power generation of the hydrogen fuel cell at the tth moment; P EL (t) is the power consumption of the electrolytic cell at the tth moment; P cha (t), P dis (t) are the charging and discharging power of the retired battery at time t; Q(t) is the heat load of the system at time t; Q GB (t) is the heat output of the gas boiler at time t; Q HFC (t) is the heat generation power of the hydrogen fuel cell at the tth moment; Q CHP (t) is the heat generation power of the cogeneration unit at the tth moment; Q ES,chr (t), Q ES,dis (t) are the charging and discharging powers of the hydrogen storage tank at the tth moment; G(t) is the gas load of the system at the tth moment; G CHP (t) is the heat generation power of the cogeneration unit at the tth moment; G GB (t) is the gas consumption power of the gas boiler at the tth moment; G MR (t) is the natural gas power generated by the methane generator at time t; H(t) is the hydrogen load of the system at time t; H MR (t) is the hydrogen consumption power of the methane generator at the tth moment; H HFC (t) is the hydrogen consumption power of the hydrogen fuel cell at the tth moment; H ES,chr (t), H ES,dis (t) are the charging and discharging power of the hydrogen storage tank at moment t.

[0162] Uncertain constraints on wind and solar output:

[0163]

[0164] Where: P w,max , P p,max and P w,min , P p,min They are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the wind and optical power limit intervals at time t respectively.

[0165] (3) Step S3: Calculate the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system.

[0166] The step S3 specifically includes:

[0167] Step S3.1: Establish the initial investment cost f of the decommissioned battery energy storage system a The mathematical expression is:

[0168]

[0169] In formula (12), the initial investment cost f of the retired battery energy storage system is a It is composed of unit capacity cost and power cost; γ is the yield rate of the product; f e is the unit capacity cost of the retired battery energy storage system; f p is the power cost of the retired battery energy storage system; P e is the rated power of the retired battery energy storage system;

[0170] Step S3.2: Establish the operation and maintenance cost f of the retired battery energy storage system b The mathematical expression is:

[0171] f b =f e ·A e ·(1+R b ) -(y-1) (13)

[0172] In formula (13), R b is the benchmark rate of return; y is the year;

[0173] Step S3.3: When the retired battery energy storage system operates for d days, the peak-valley arbitrage income of the retired battery energy storage system is f c The mathematical expression is:

[0174]

[0175] In formula (14), d e (t) is the real-time transaction electricity price; d is the total number of days the retired battery energy storage system is in operation; t is the hour of the day;

[0176] Step S3.4: When the retired battery energy storage system is in operation in year y, the benefit f obtained by the retired battery energy storage system through carbon emission reduction d The mathematical expression is:

[0177] f d =d·C CT ·C D ·(1+R b ) -(y-1) (15)

[0178] In formula (15), C CT is the carbon trading unit price; C D For carbon emission reduction.

[0179] (4) Step S4: Based on the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system, when implementing the low-carbon economic regulation strategy, calculate the cost of wind and solar power abandonment, electricity and gas purchase costs, and operation and maintenance costs.

[0180] The step S4 specifically includes:

[0181] Step S4.1: Establish the cost of wind and solar power abandonment f w The mathematical expression is:

[0182]

[0183] In formula (16), ΔC wp (t), ΔC p (t) are the amount of wind and solar power abandoned, respectively; β w is the cost coefficient of wind and solar power abandonment;

[0184] Step S4.2: Establish the electricity and gas purchase costs f g The mathematical expression is:

[0185]

[0186] In formula (17), C e (t) is the amount of electricity purchased; d g (t) is the real-time transaction gas price; C g (t) is the amount of gas purchased;

[0187] Step S4.3: Establish operation and maintenance cost f E The mathematical expression is:

[0188]

[0189] In formula (18), the operation and maintenance cost f E k is the sum of the operation and maintenance costs of the energy coupling equipment of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen; i is the operation and maintenance coefficient of energy equipment i; P t,i is the output power at time t.

[0190] (5) Step S5: Establish a carbon emission quota allocation model for carbon trading by adopting a free allocation method, and then calculate the actual total carbon emissions.

[0191] The step S5 specifically includes:

[0192] Step S5.1: Establish a carbon emission quota allocation model for carbon trading by adopting a free allocation method; wherein the mathematical expression of the carbon emission quota allocation model for carbon trading is:

[0193]

[0194] In formula (19), C is the total carbon quota; C g , C CHP , C GB are the free carbon quotas for external power purchase, combined heat and power units, and gas boilers; θ g is the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity of the upper power grid; sum(·) represents the sum of the numerical matrix; θ e ,θ q are the carbon quota coefficient per unit of electricity and the carbon quota coefficient per unit of heat respectively; γ e,q P is the conversion factor from power generation to heat supply; GT (t) is the power output value of the gas turbine; P GB (t), P WHB (t) are the thermal power output values ​​of the gas boiler and the waste heat boiler respectively;

[0195] Step S5.2: Incorporating the capture and utilization effect of the methane reactor on carbon dioxide to calculate the actual total carbon emissions C' mathematical expression is:

[0196]

[0197] In formula (20), C' is the actual total carbon emissions: C g '、C' G are the actual carbon emissions generated by external electricity purchases and gas-fired units; C MR is the total amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the methane reactor; P G (t) is the equivalent output power of the gas unit; η MR is the efficiency coefficient of carbon dioxide absorption during the conversion process of the methane reactor; a 1 , b 1 、c 1 is the parameter used to calculate the carbon emissions of purchased electricity; a 2 , b 2 、c 2 It is the parameter used to calculate the carbon emission of gas units.

[0198] (6) Step S6: Based on the differences in energy supply and electrical heat load demand at different time scales, and considering the complementary effects of the short-term characteristics of the retired battery energy storage system and the long-term characteristics of the heat, gas, and hydrogen energy storage systems, a multi-time scale control model for electricity, heat, gas, and hydrogen that takes into account the cascade utilization of retired batteries is constructed.

[0199] The step S6 specifically includes:

[0200] Step S6.1: Under the premise of meeting the load demand of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen, with the lowest system operation cost and the lowest carbon emissions as the objective function, the mathematical expression of the long-term low-carbon economic optimization model of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen is constructed as follows:

[0201]

[0202] In formula (21), f is the total cost; f 1 is the economic cost; 2 is low carbon cost; f r is the operating cost of each entity in the system; g is the energy purchase cost of the power grid, gas grid, and heat grid; f w Penalty costs for wind and solar curtailment; E is the operating energy cost; 1 , κ 2 are the proportions of economic goals and low-carbon goals in the total goals, κ 1 +κ 2 =1; C i (t) is the carbon emission of the ith subject at time t; λ is the reward and punishment coefficient of different seasons; d is the number of days measured in each quarter;

[0203] Step S6.2: Considering the complementary effects of the short-term characteristics of the retired battery energy storage system and the long-term characteristics of the heat, gas, and hydrogen energy storage systems, the cost of the retired battery system is included in the total operating cost to construct a short-term control model for electricity, heat, gas, and hydrogen that takes into account the cascade utilization of retired batteries:

[0204]

[0205] In formula (22), f a is the initial investment cost of the retired battery energy storage system; b is the operation and maintenance cost of the retired battery energy storage system; C'(t) is the actual total carbon emissions at time t.

[0206] In summary, the electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale control method provided by the present invention taking into account the battery cascade utilization analyzes the remaining available interval capacity, the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the capacity retention rate of retired batteries. The impact on the remaining life of retired batteries, considering the battery life loss characteristics, establishes a retired battery multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model; based on the difference between energy supply and electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen load demand at different time scales, considers the complementary influence of short-term battery energy storage characteristics and long-term characteristics of heat, gas, and hydrogen energy storage, dynamically adjusts the proportion of electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen energy supply according to electricity prices at different times, and constructs an electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale control model considering the safety margin of retired batteries; on the premise of meeting the electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen load demand, with the lowest system operating cost and the least carbon emissions as the objective function, the electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen multi-time-scale low-carbon economic optimization control is carried out. Considering the life loss and safety margin of retired batteries, electric, thermal, and gas-hydrogen are coupled controlled on multiple time scales to improve the economy and low carbon of the system.

[0207] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-time scale control method for electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization, comprising: Step S1: analyzing the effects of the remaining available interval capacity, the number of charge and discharge cycles, and the capacity retention rate of the retired battery on the remaining life of the retired battery, so as to establish a remaining life loss model of the retired battery based on the number of charge and discharge cycles; Step S2: analyzing the charge and discharge margin characteristics of the retired batteries based on the retired battery remaining life loss model to establish a multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model for retired batteries; Step S3: Calculate the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system; Step S4: Based on the cost model of the retired battery energy storage system, when implementing the low-carbon economic regulation strategy, calculate the cost of wind and solar power abandonment, electricity and gas purchase costs, and operation and maintenance costs; Step S5: Establish a carbon emission quota allocation model for carbon trading by adopting a free allocation method, and then calculate the actual total carbon emissions; Step S6: Based on the differences in energy supply and electrical heat load demand at different time scales, and considering the complementary effects of the short-term characteristics of the retired battery energy storage system and the long-term characteristics of the heat, gas, and hydrogen energy storage systems, a multi-time scale control model for electricity, heat, gas, and hydrogen that takes into account the cascade utilization of retired batteries is constructed.

2. The multi-time scale control method of electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The step S1 specifically includes: Step S1.1: Based on the fact that the attenuation law of the capacity retention rate with the number of charge and discharge cycles of retired batteries conforms to a power function relationship, a mathematical expression for the capacity retention rate is established as follows: Q(n)=Q0-χ·n τ (1) In formula (1), n ​​is the number of charge and discharge cycles of the retired battery; Q(n) is the capacity retention rate of the retired battery after n charge and discharge cycles; Q0, χ and τ are the initial capacity retention rate, capacity attenuation coefficient and power exponent of the retired battery, respectively; Step S1.2: Establishing the maximum available cycle number n of the retired battery s The mathematical expression is: In formula (2), Q m is the capacity retention rate threshold. When the capacity retention rate Q(n) decays to the capacity retention rate threshold Q m When the battery is used, it shall be scrapped; Step S1.3: When the power battery is retired from the electric vehicle, the power battery is now a retired battery, and the number of cycles n of the retired battery is established. r The mathematical expression is: In formula (3), Y is the service life of the power battery when it is retired; e is the power consumption of the electric vehicle per 100 kilometers; E(D) is the expected daily mileage of the electric vehicle; A e Indicates the rated capacity of retired batteries; Step S1.4: Establish a mathematical expression for the number of charge and discharge cycles n of the retired battery: n=n s -n r (4) Step S1.5: The mathematical expression of the remaining life loss model of retired batteries based on the number of charge and discharge cycles is established as follows: A SL =A c ·[Q(n r )-Q m ] (5) In formula (5), A SL A is the remaining available interval capacity of the retired battery; c It is the cell capacity of retired batteries.

3. The multi-time scale control method of electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The step S2 specifically includes: Step S2.1: Establish a mathematical expression for the charge and discharge depth β of the power battery at time t1 to t2: In formula (6), P b (t) is the output power of the power battery during period t; Step S2.2: Assuming that the number of charge and discharge times of the power battery used in the electric vehicle is N times, the mathematical expression for the corresponding life attenuation of the power battery δ(t) is established as follows: In formula (7), N is the number of times the power battery is charged and discharged; Step S2.3: The mathematical expression of the charge and discharge model of the retired battery is established as: In formula (8), A(t) is the energy storage of the retired battery in period t; A(t-1) is the energy storage of the retired battery in period (t-1); P dis (t) is the charging power of the retired battery in period t; P cha (t) is the discharge power of the retired battery in period t; η c , η d They represent the charging efficiency and discharging efficiency of retired batteries respectively; Δt is the time interval; Step S2.4: Based on steps S2.2 and S2.3, the SOC value S of the retired battery in the current period t is obtained. OC The mathematical expression of (t) is: In formula (9), S OC (t-1) represents the SOC value of the retired battery during the period (t-1); Step S2.5: Establish a mathematical expression for the relationship between the state of charge of the retired battery energy storage and the charging and discharging power of the retired battery: In formula (10), P e Indicates the rated power of retired batteries; Step S2.6: The mathematical expression for establishing the multi-parameter charge and discharge margin model for retired batteries is: In formula (11), S OCmin , S OCmax are the upper and lower limits of the state of charge of retired batteries respectively; S OC,0 is the initial state of charge of the retired battery; ψ T is the temperature correction coefficient; T k is the current cut-off time; i(t) is the operating current.

4. The multi-time scale control method of electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The step S3 specifically includes: Step S3.1: Establish the initial investment cost f of the decommissioned battery energy storage system a The mathematical expression is: In formula (12), the initial investment cost f of the retired battery energy storage system is a It is composed of unit capacity cost and power cost; γ is the yield rate of the product; f e is the unit capacity cost of the retired battery energy storage system; f p is the power cost of the retired battery energy storage system; P e is the rated power of the retired battery energy storage system; Step S3.2: Establish the operation and maintenance cost f of the retired battery energy storage system b The mathematical expression is: f b =f e ·A e ·(1+R b ) -(y-1) (13) In formula (13), R b is the benchmark rate of return; y is the year; Step S3.3: When the retired battery energy storage system operates for d days, the peak-valley arbitrage income of the retired battery energy storage system is f c The mathematical expression is: In formula (14), d e (t) is the real-time transaction electricity price; d is the total number of days the retired battery energy storage system is in operation; t is the hour of the day; Step S3.4: When the retired battery energy storage system is in operation in year y, the benefit f obtained by the retired battery energy storage system through carbon emission reduction d The mathematical expression is: f d =d·C CT ·C D ·(1+R b ) -(y-1) (15) In formula (15), C CT is the carbon trading unit price; C D For carbon emission reduction.

5. The multi-time scale control method of electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The step S4 specifically includes: Step S4.1: Establish the cost of wind and solar power abandonment f w The mathematical expression is: In formula (16), ΔC wp (t), ΔC p (t) are the amount of wind and solar power abandoned, respectively; β w is the cost coefficient of wind and solar power abandonment; Step S4.2: Establish the electricity and gas purchase costs f g The mathematical expression is: In formula (17), C e (t) is the amount of electricity purchased; d g (t) is the real-time transaction gas price; C g (t) is the amount of gas purchased; Step S4.3: Establish operation and maintenance cost f E The mathematical expression is: In formula (18), the operation and maintenance cost f E k is the sum of the operation and maintenance costs of the energy coupling equipment of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen; i is the operation and maintenance coefficient of energy equipment i; P t,i is the output power at time t.

6. The multi-time scale control method for electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The step S5 specifically includes: Step S5.1: Establish a carbon emission quota allocation model for carbon trading by adopting a free allocation method; wherein the mathematical expression of the carbon emission quota allocation model for carbon trading is: In formula (19), C is the total carbon quota; C g , C CHP , C GB are the free carbon quotas for external power purchase, combined heat and power units, and gas boilers; θ g is the carbon emission coefficient per unit of electricity of the upper power grid; sum(·) represents the sum of the numerical matrix; θ e ,θ q are the carbon quota coefficient per unit of electricity and the carbon quota coefficient per unit of heat respectively; γ e,q P is the conversion factor from power generation to heat supply; GT (t) is the power output value of the gas turbine; P GB (t), P WHB (t) are the thermal power output values ​​of the gas boiler and the waste heat boiler respectively; Step S5.2: Incorporating the capture and utilization effect of the methane reactor on carbon dioxide to calculate the actual total carbon emissions C' mathematical expression is: In formula (20), C' is the actual total carbon emissions: C g '、C' G are the actual carbon emissions generated by external electricity purchases and gas-fired units; C MR is the total amount of carbon dioxide absorbed by the methane reactor; P G (t) is the equivalent output power of the gas unit; η MR is the efficiency coefficient of absorbing carbon dioxide during the conversion process of the methane reactor; a1, b1, c1 are the parameters used to calculate the carbon emissions of purchased electricity; a2, b2, c2 are the parameters used to calculate the carbon emissions of the gas unit.

7. The multi-time scale control method of electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The step S6 specifically includes: Step S6.1: Under the premise of meeting the load demand of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen, with the lowest system operation cost and the lowest carbon emissions as the objective function, the mathematical expression of the long-term low-carbon economic optimization model of electricity, heat, gas and hydrogen is constructed as follows: In formula (21), f is the total cost; f1 is the economic cost; f2 is the low-carbon cost; f r is the operating cost of each entity in the system; g is the energy purchase cost of the power grid, gas grid, and heat grid; f w Penalty costs for wind and solar curtailment; E is the operating energy consumption cost; к1 and κ2 are the proportions of economic goals and low-carbon goals in the total goals, κ1+κ2=1; C i (t) is the carbon emission of the ith subject at time t; λ is the reward and punishment coefficient of different seasons; d is the number of days measured in each quarter; Step S6.2: Considering the complementary effects of the short-term characteristics of the retired battery energy storage system and the long-term characteristics of the heat, gas, and hydrogen energy storage systems, the cost of the retired battery system is included in the total operating cost to construct a short-time scale control model for electricity, heat, gas, and hydrogen that takes into account the cascade utilization of retired batteries: In formula (22), f a is the initial investment cost of the retired battery energy storage system; b is the operation and maintenance cost of the retired battery energy storage system; C'(t) is the actual total carbon emissions at time t.

8. The multi-time scale control method for electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization according to claim 2 is characterized in that: Battery cell capacity A c The unit is mAh.

9. The multi-time scale control method for electric heating gas hydrogen taking into account battery cascade utilization according to claim 4 is characterized in that: Unit capacity cost of retired battery energy storage systems e The unit is 10,000 yuan / MWh; the power cost of the retired battery energy storage system is f p The unit is 10,000 yuan / MW; the rated power of the retired battery energy storage system is P e The unit is MW.

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