Use of renewable energy sources in methods and systems for enhanced marine primary production, carbon sequestration and data capture

Abstract

A system and method for utilizing a form of renewable energy when operating a vertical transfer device (VTD) operated to transfer water from a first water region at a first depth in a body of water to a target water region at a second depth through a controllable upflow or downflow, the VTD comprising; a floating superstructure comprising a computer, a power source, and one or more data collection devices operatively interconnected; and a water delivery tubular member having an upper end connected to the upper structure and a lower end connected to the pipe end member, the tubular member having a collapsible segmented structure in which a data transmission cable is incorporated into the fabric of the segments, the tubular member having an upper end connected to the upper structure, and a lower end connected to the pipe end member, the tubular member having a collapsible segmented structure in which the data transmission cable is incorporated into the fabric of the segments. Advantages include enriching nutrients in target waters, facilitating carbon sequestration, and increasing aquaculture production and fish resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The following disclosure relates to changing the state of a finite volume of water that forms a region in a larger body of water in a controlled manner. The larger body of water can be an ocean, sea, lake, or part of a dam. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a method and system for achieving efficient and environmentally friendly water transfer between water bodies and applying the transferred water to local cooling, fertilization, increasing primary production, and carbon sequestration. In addition, the present disclosure provides a semi-autonomous underwater vehicle / device that can at least navigate a course and perform a predetermined water transfer based on input or sensed parameters. Background Art

[0002] Ocean upwelling is a natural process that brings nutrient-rich water from deeper, colder depths to the warmer ocean surface, creating the conditions necessary for marine life to thrive. Without this process, kelp forests and other marine life would be threatened by lack of nutrients and overheating. However, the surface layer of relatively warm water is currently deepening. Without wishing to be bound by theory, the deepening of the relatively warm water layer - thought to be driven by climate change - is preventing or at least significantly inhibiting natural ocean upwelling.

[0003] Since the early 1990s, low-frequency acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) have provided full-depth current profiles, and methods for observing the deep ocean below the upper seasonal layer have been established. Although not as readily available as air currents at present, the demand for immediate access to current profiles is growing, from scientific discovery and offshore drilling to ocean technologies for carbon sequestration and ocean aquaculture, all of which utilize and observe the oxygen and nutrient levels in the deep water storage that are crucial for the ocean food chain.

[0004] Artificial upwelling is a relatively new technological development for bringing seawater from the deep ocean to the surface. Downwelling is the transfer of water in the opposite direction. Nutrients that provide food for phytoplankton, fish, and other marine life are transported from a layer of water called the thermocline. Without upwelling, these nutrients would remain inaccessible to the marine life forms that depend on them. Conversely, downwelling brings dissolved oxygen to the deep ocean layer, where the oxygen is consumed by decaying matter. In some cases, downwelling is needed, for example, to sink denser substances to less dense regions.

[0005] The latest method of artificial upwelling, or transporting water from a lower altitude to a higher altitude, involves air lift pumps. These pumps are driven by compressed air, which can be generated using solar or wind energy. However, improving the lifting energy efficiency of these pumps remains an ongoing challenge. Alternatively, other types of wind-driven and wave-driven pumps can be used to generate artificial upwelling motion. Current technology provides rigid pump structures and flexible pump structures. Relative to the productivity improvements that can be obtained, it is often very expensive to construct rigid structures, and hose pumps are only used for free-drifting applications, not tethered applications. In addition, the environmental impacts in the long term remain largely unknown, and in their current form, neither of the above designs includes environmental mitigation strategies. Data buoys and autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for ocean data collection are increasingly being deployed to study different marine phenomena, such as oil spill mapping (Kinsey et al., 2011), harmful algal blooms (Das et al., 2010), phytoplankton and zooplankton communities (Kalmbach et al., 2017), and coral bleaching (Manderson et al., 2017). These AUVs can be divided into two categories: 1) propeller-driven vehicles, such as the Dorado class, which can move quickly and collect a large amount of sensor observation data, but the operation time is limited to a few hours; and 2) minimally actuated vehicles, such as drifters, profiling buoys and gliders, which move slowly but can remain operational for tens of days to weeks. The new generation of long-term autonomous underwater vehicles (LRAUVs), namely Tethys, combines the advantages of both minimally actuated AUVs and propeller-driven AUVs (Hobson et al., 2012). These LRAUVs ​​can move quickly for hundreds of kilometers and can operate in the water for weeks at a time. However, long-term data collection spanning years or even decades remains a largely unsolved problem.

[0006] An artificial upwelling pump (AUP) is a device that recreates the natural process of ocean upwelling to restore vertical ocean circulation and transport nutrients from the thermocline to life forms located in warmer nutrient layers. Marine organisms include but are not limited to phytoplankton, algae, and muscle, which consume carbon from the atmosphere and bind nutrients to grow, thereby sequestering both seawater and sediments.

[0007] A typical AUP consists of the following connected components:

[0008] Floaters – devices that keep the unit buoyant in changing weather and wave conditions;

[0009] Upwelling pipes – pipes used to contain and transport water from a target depth to the surface;

[0010] a one-way valve that operates to prevent reverse flow of water through the upwelling tubular member by opening when the AUP descends with the waves and closing when the AUP ascends with the waves; and

[0011] • An inlet associated with the lower end of the tubular member and housing the valve.

[0012] AUPs can be either anchored or free-drifting. An anchored AUP is fixed in one location and can be used for applications such as delivering cold water to cool coral reef environments or providing nutrients for marine permaculture farms. Free-drifting AUPs, on the other hand, behave like satellites in the ocean: they traverse vast deep-sea areas and are constrained by the currents in which they are deployed. Free-drifting AUPs are configured to pump water from a target depth within the mesosphere of a specific ocean region where nutrients needed to promote phytoplankton growth are found.

[0013] The upwelling tubulars and their supporting structures, including the floats, are manufactured to reach a total target depth from which water is forced upward in an artificial upwelling.

[0014] The efficiency of an AUP - whether anchored or free-drifting - is measured in terms of the upwelling rate achieved relative to the cost of AUP production.

[0015] For examples of artificial upwelling devices and their applications, reference may be made to patent application publications US2005155922, US2021301800, US2010300560, and WO2021 / 168125A1.

[0016] Downflow pumps operate in a similar manner to upflow pumps. Rather than being associated with the bottom end of the tubular member of the apparatus, a check valve is mounted toward the top end, closing when the tubular member sinks and becomes submerged, and opening when the top end breaks the surface, allowing water within the tubular member to drain out the bottom end.

[0017] The foregoing discussion of the background to the disclosure is intended to facilitate an understanding of the solutions described herein. However, it should be appreciated that the discussion is not an acknowledgement or admission that any of the material referred to was part of the common general knowledge in the field at the priority date of the application, whether in Australia or elsewhere in the world.

[0018] In addition, unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims, the terms "include", "comprising", etc. should be interpreted in the inclusive sense of "including but not limited to", rather than in the exclusive or exhaustive sense of "including only the content but excluding other possibilities".

[0019] It is an object of the present disclosure to alleviate, at least to some extent, some of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the art.

[0020] The object is to provide a device that combines water transport via upwelling and / or downwelling with data capture.

[0021] Another object is to provide an upwelling or downwelling device which is computer operated and whose operation can be programmed through a combination of onshore instructions, incoming sensory data and algorithms, including but not limited to algorithms generated by artificial intelligence (AI).

[0022] A further object is to utilise one or more forms of renewable energy in the operation of the upflow / downflow device. Summary of the invention

[0023] Embodiments of pumping devices capable of upflow or downflow operation are disclosed herein: anchored or tethered solutions and free-drifting solutions. In the embodiments below, both solutions may include embedded data cables and remote control capabilities.

[0024] The present disclosure proposes an intelligent and environmentally friendly system for utilizing data collection and programmable operational control to vertically transport water between areas at different heights in a larger body of water. For convenience, the term "vertical transport device" (abbreviated as VTD) will be used when referring to the water transport device that artificially causes upwelling or downwelling, as well as the data capture and intelligent features.

[0025] The VTDs disclosed below can be used alone or in conjunction with other VTDs to form a scalable solution for blue carbon sequestration, fish population replenishment, and offshore marine permaculture while also supporting coral reef cooling.

[0026] The disclosure herein utilizes a VTD that is free to drift, but the direction of travel of the VTD can be changed by an onboard computer acting on a structural feature of the device. The onboard computer can act in response to data collected by an onboard data collection device, remote instructions, or algorithms. The response of the onboard computer can include adjusting the upflow rate and downflow rate of water in a controllable manner in real time, predetermining operating and non-operating periods to maximize environmental benefits while minimizing risks, and helping to empty the water column of the VTD for a recovery process.

[0027] According to a first disclosed aspect, there is provided a vertical transfer device (VTD) operable to transfer water from a first water region at a first depth in a body of water to a second water region at a second depth in the body of water, the VTD comprising:

[0028] a. a floating superstructure comprising a computer, a power source, and one or more data collection devices operatively interconnected,

[0029] b. A tubular member for water transportation, the tubular member having an upper end and a lower end, the upper end being connected to the upper structure, the lower end being connected to the pipe end member, the tubular member having a segmented structure, the segmented structure comprising a plurality of hollow, axially foldable segments, thereby establishing fluid communication between the upper structure and the pipe end member, and

[0030] c. The pipe end member has an opening at a first end connected to the lower end of the tubular member and an opening at a second end remote from the tubular member, the opening at the second end being wider than the opening at the first end.

[0031] In an embodiment, the first and second ends of the pipe end component are connected by a side wall having an inclined portion which subtends an inclined angle in the range of 5° to 40° relative to a longitudinal axis of the pipe end component at the second end at a position in the middle of the ends.

[0032] The angle formed may be in the range of 27° to 34°. In one embodiment, the angle is 30°.

[0033] In an embodiment, when the VTD is tethered, the pipe end piece is configured to be self-orienting such that the wider opening at the second end is automatically oriented to face the incident water flow.The pipe end piece may be tethered to an anchor.

[0034] The duct end fitting may define a tortuous internal flow passage for passing a fluid therethrough in use.

[0035] The computer may be programmed to cause the VTD to operate autonomously in response to the data collected by the collection device.

[0036] In an embodiment, the data collection device includes a sensor capable of collecting data related to water conditions.

[0037] Preferably, the computer is programmed to navigate the VTD by adjusting the length of the tubular member.The computer may alternatively or also be programmed to navigate the VTD by adjusting the cross-sectional profile of at least a portion of the tubular member.

[0038] In further embodiments, the length of the tubular member can be varied remotely by issuing programmed instructions to a computer to at least partially collapse the tubular member sections in use.

[0039] In an embodiment, the VTD is capable of navigation with the aid of computer-operable directional control surfaces that are deployed or oriented in water or air according to programmed instructions.

[0040] In other embodiments, the tube section of the VTD has a fabric wall, and the data cable is incorporated into the wall during manufacture.

[0041] In addition, according to aspects of the present disclosure, the VTD includes a bird detection system mounted on the superstructure and a cleaning device including a sprayer, wherein the bird detection system is configured to detect the presence of birds on the superstructure and actuate the sprayer in response to the presence of birds on the superstructure to clean the excrement and encourage the birds to stay away from the VTD.

[0042] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a free-drifting vertical transfer device (VTD), the VTD comprising: a water conduit for transferring water from a first area to a second area in a body of water; a remotely controllable valve operably associated with the conduit to adjust the rate of water transfer through the conduit; one or more onboard data collection devices; and an onboard computer programmed to respond to data collected by the devices by adjusting the upflow rate and downflow rate of water passing through the VTD by means of the valve, thereby changing the direction of travel of the VTD.

[0043] In an embodiment, the conduit comprises two or more sections connected by a joint, the joint being weighted to maintain the submerged depth of the section above the joint in use.At least some of the sections may have valves associated therewith.

[0044] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for ocean carbon capture, the method comprising:

[0045] a. Providing a VTD having a floating superstructure, the floating superstructure supporting an upwelling tubular member having an adjustable length;

[0046] b. Position the VTD in open water;

[0047] c. operating the VTD to capture and / or receive data relating to the biochemistry of the water body and the direction and velocity of water flow;

[0048] d. In response to the data, identifying the target waters where the VTD is to be repositioned;

[0049] e. Adjust the length of the tubular member so that the VTD can travel to the target area using the current water flow; and

[0050] f. Induce upwelling of water from the area to alter nutrient distribution in the target area and capture atmospheric carbon compounds at the air / water interface.

[0051] In an embodiment, the tubular member of the VTD has an inlet port to which is connected a flared profile pipe end piece having a flared end that is wider than the tubular member.

[0052] In a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a self-propelled vertical conveying device (VTD), the VTD operable to convey water from a first water region at a first depth in a body of water to a second water region at a second depth in the body of water, the VTD comprising:

[0053] a. a floating superstructure including a computer, power source, data collection device and electric motor operably connected to enable operation of the VTD, and

[0054] b. A tubular member for water transportation, the tubular member having an upper end and a lower end, the upper end being connected to an upper structure, the lower end being connected to a pipe end member, the tubular member having a segmented structure, the segmented structure comprising a plurality of hollow, axially foldable and radially compressible segments, thereby establishing fluid communication between a first region and a second region via the pipe end member,

[0055] The computer is programmed to navigate the VTD by adjusting the length of the tubular to meet or avoid ocean currents.

[0056] In an embodiment of this aspect, the computer is programmed to navigate the VTD by adjusting a cross-sectional profile of at least a portion of the tubular member.

[0057] In a further aspect of the present disclosure, use of a VTD utilizing renewable energy in a method for fertilizing marine plants, increasing fish stocks, sequestering carbon, and capturing related data is contemplated, wherein the VTD comprises a submersible water transport tubular member operably connected to an upper structure comprising a renewable energy capture device, and the method comprises the following steps:

[0058] a. Introduce VTD into the water body,

[0059] b. powering the VTD with energy from the energy capture device to transfer water from a first water region at a first depth in the body of water to a second water region at a second depth in the body of water,

[0060] The nutrient content in the second zone is thereby increased, thereby providing food for primary producers in the second zone, and promoting the capture of atmospheric carbon compounds at the air / water interface of said zone.

[0061] The tubular member of the VTD may include a distal conduit end piece configured to self-orient in a water flow and having a longitudinal axis.

[0062] In an embodiment of this aspect, a plurality of VTDs located in a body of water are provided, the plurality of VTDs being monitored by sensors in the area, the sensors transmitting data to a remote computer, the computer being programmed to manage the VTDs using artificial intelligence, the computer being programmed to respond to the data transmitted to the computer by adjusting at least one function of a single VTD in the area, the function relating to balancing energy demand, energy conservation, drift planning, and single VTD configuration.

[0063] In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for promoting marine ecosystem safety, the method comprising the steps of:

[0064] d. operatively positioning a remotely controlled VTD in a marine environment, the VTD comprising a plurality of data collection devices mounted on the VTD and configured to receive data from at least one external third-party source;

[0065] e. monitoring data captured by the data collection device and received from the at least one third party source; and

[0066] f. Having the computer apply intelligent sensing and control algorithms to the data and detect conditions based on a combination of parameters, and respond to those conditions to cause changes in the operation of the VTD.

[0067] The following description and the accompanying reference drawings are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting. Many specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of the presently disclosed embodiments. However, in some cases, well-known or conventional details are not described to avoid obscuring the description. Reference to an embodiment or an embodiment in the present disclosure is not necessarily a reference to the same embodiment; and such reference means at least one embodiment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] To facilitate understanding of the invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, in which preferred embodiments are shown.

[0069] therefore:

[0070] Figure 1 It is a schematic stereoscopic diagram of a water garden utilizing artificial upwelling according to the present invention.

[0071] Figure 2 The stereogram shows Figure 1 More details on upflow pumps used in gardens. Figure 2 (a) shows an optional anchored pumping device, while Figure 2 (b) shows a non-tethered device. Figure 2 (c) shows Figure 2 The profiles of the pipe end components in (a) and (b) are shown to illustrate the principle of the configuration of the pipe end components.

[0072] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 (a) is a schematic side view of an alternative anchored solution for an end member of a vertical transport device.

[0073] Figure 4 The end member of the VTD of the present disclosure is shown in perspective and side views in (a), and in (b), (c) and (d). Figure 1 Embodiments of multiple leaflets of a check valve that can be used in a system.

[0074] Figure 5 Shown in perspective and mounted side view are four flap valves equipped with electromagnets for remotely activating and managing valve status.

[0075] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 A partially exploded perspective view of a segmented tubular member in an embodiment.

[0076] Figure 7 yes Figure 2 A top-down perspective view of the floating superstructure.

[0077] Figure 8 express Figure 6 A perspective view and a plan view of the connecting member shown in FIG.

[0078] Fig. 9 Schematically shows Figure 2 Manufacturing process of tubular pipe sections.

[0079] Fig.10 The stereogram shows Figure 2Implementations of the attachment cable and winder system for a VTD of FIG. The passive system is shown in (a); the active system is shown in (b); and the winder plate is shown in more detail in (c).

[0080] Fig.11 It is used for Figure 1 A block diagram of the control system used when the system is controlled.

[0081] Fig.12 The process of adjusting the depth of extension of the tubular member of the VTD is shown in perspective view.

[0082] Fig.13 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment in which the profile of the upwelling tubular member of the VTD is modified for navigation purposes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0083] References in this specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described with respect to that embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. In addition, various features are described that may be present in some embodiments and not in other embodiments. Similarly, various requirements are described that may be requirements for some embodiments and not for other embodiments.

[0084] The present disclosure relates to a data collection, water conditioning system in which water is transferred between a distinguishable first water region and a second water region in an open water environment, such as an ocean, sea, lake, or large dam. These regions can be distinguished by physical properties, such as temperature, density, or water velocity; or chemical composition, such as nutrient content and concentration of specific nutrients; or the presence of different microorganisms, such as phytoplankton. The presence of suitable nutrients helps maintain the food chain, thereby providing the necessary food for primary producers, resulting in an increase in fish stocks.

[0085] The system is configured for selective computerized control of a VTD for effecting water transfer. The VTD may be controlled by means of an onboard computer that operates autonomously to collect data and monitor and direct the operation of the VTD based on the data, or the VTD may be controlled by means of operating instructions sent to the onboard computer from a remote computer located at a control center. In the latter case, the instructions may override certain instructions generated by the onboard computer in predetermined circumstances. The control center may be located on land, or may be located on a ship or satellite.

[0086] By way of non-limiting illustrative example, a water region may be a first water layer located at a relatively deep depth in the ocean and a second layer located at a different depth. Water transport may be from the first region to the second region, or from the second region to the first region. Therefore, downwelling as well as upwelling and lateral water transport are contemplated herein. Downwelling may be required in situations where phytoplankton will sink to a lower water level or where downwelling will help to rebalance nutrient levels in a region. Therefore, in this application document, the term "vertical transfer device" or VTD is used rather than the more restrictive term "artificial upwelling pump" or AUP. For clarity, AUP is a form of VTD. Another form is an "artificial downwelling pump" or ADP.

[0087] The water garden in the embodiment of the present invention using a group of VTD devices to produce a collective upwelling effect is generally Figure 1 10. The garden comprises a water surface layer 12 having a surface 14, wherein food is provided for marine life, for example by transporting cold, nutrient-rich water from a lower layer. The layer is contained in a larger body of water 16, which is represented by means of a dotted line, and has a depth represented by a directional arrow D. The larger body of water may be a sea, ocean or lake in which the layer 12 is able to move, the movement of the layer 12 being dependent on the position of a VTD 18, which in this example operates as an artificial upwelling pump or AUP, and will be referred to in this context as a VTD. The VTD has an onboard data processor programmed to respond to data collected by a data collecting sensor device on the VTD and to commands from a remote control centre.

[0088] In this embodiment, operation of the VTD as an AUP causes the state of layer 12 to change so that the area occupied by the layer can be distinguished from the area of ​​water in the surface layer that laterally surrounds the layer by a corresponding depth D. The changed state of layer 12 distinguishes layer 12 from water in the surface layer of a larger body of water 16 and from water directly below layer 12, i.e., water at a depth greater than D. Of course, there is a continuous change of state at the boundary layer that forms the junction between layer 12 and the surrounding water body 16 due to some mixing caused by diffusion. However, when the VTD is operating as an AUP, the VTD will draw water upward from below layer 12 and discharge the drawn water to or near surface 14, which interfaces with the ambient air above.

[0089] As described above, the distinguishing features of the surface layer 12 compared to the surface layers surrounding the surface layer 12 may include, but are not limited to, temperature, density, chemical composition such as nutrients, etc. Such changes in the water state in the surface layer 12 are conducive to promoting the healthy growth and development of aquatic species present in or introduced into the layer. Aquatic species may include, but are not limited to, primary producers, such as fish. Chemical substances that may be transported with upwelling or downwelling water include, but are not limited to, chlorophyll a (or "Chl a", a general indicator of phytoplankton biomass), dissolved oxygen, carbon, calcium, phosphates, nitrates, and substances that affect acidity (measured as pH).

[0090] Will refer to Figure 2 A VTD used as an AUP and having an onboard sensor for collecting data related to species such as those described above is discussed in more detail. The sensor provides either a continuous or discrete output.

[0091] Reference Figure 2 , the same VTD 18A, 18B are shown, the VTD in (a) being tethered to the seafloor by an anchor 20 and an attachment chain 22, and the VTD in (b) being untethered and thus freely floating. Like reference numerals denote like parts. The VTD has a floating superstructure 24 mounted to an open end 28 of a downwardly suspended upwelling tubular 26.

[0092] VTD uses renewable energy to drive upwelling or downwelling motion and onboard electronics. As mentioned above, waves are used to drive the pumping process, while wave energy, solar energy and / or wind energy can be controlled to power the electronics of the communication and control subsystems.

[0093] Refer again Figure 2 The VTD of the system includes a floating superstructure 24 having a floating assembly consisting of one or more buoyancy units 35 that can be selectively linked together to provide the level of buoyancy required for site conditions. In one embodiment, recycled materials, such as gas cylinders, can be reused as buoyancy devices, and the recycled materials can be used alone or welded to a larger floating structure, such as a raft. The buoyancy units are mounted on a deck plate 40, and the tubular members 26 are mounted to the deck plate 40 in a spaced manner using stays 42 to ensure that the pump outlet 28 (for AUP) or inlet (when used as ADP) is not obstructed more than minimally.

[0094] In other embodiments, the floating assembly is manufactured to provide a mounting surface and enclosure to carry additional renewable energy components, i.e., wind or mechanical energy collectors, in addition to the solar panels. Also provided is the inclusion of marine safety equipment and electronic subsystems. For example, a buoy of conventional design with mounted solar panels and custom embedded electronics can be used, wherein the buoy geometry is optimized to maximize the conversion rate of wave energy into upwelling motion.

[0095] Back to Figure 2 In an embodiment, dual solar panels 44 are mounted atop the floating superstructure 24 in an arrangement defined by vertices. The dual solar panels 44 are mounted in an inclined manner with adjacent longer edges meeting at vertices 46. The vertices arrangement provides space 48 below the panels for housing auxiliary equipment including electronic components and providing adequate protection from inclement weather. Tilting the panels helps increase the range of sun angles to capture the sun's rays as well as helping to disperse water and condensation. Alternative mounting arrangements for the solar panels may be implemented to optimize energy capture without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0096] Tubular member 26 is the following pipeline: this pipeline is used to hold the water column extending from the delivery area to the target depth and transport water from the target depth to the delivery area, such as the surface of the ocean. The length of the tubular member can span 40m to 500m or greater water depth, to transport the nutrients required from the deep sea, so as to face different water currents, temperature and pressure states from different depth layers, such as the surface ocean layer (0m to 50m), the upper ocean layer (50m to 200m) and the middle ocean layer (200m to 1000m). Compared to the water flow in the middle layer and the lower layer, the water flow in the upper layer is significantly stronger and moves in different directions. In some embodiments, the tubular member can have a diameter of about 2m, but within the scope of the present disclosure, the tubular member can be wider or narrower. The diameter does not need to be constant along the entire length, and can be trumpet-shaped or tapered. The cross-sectional profile does not need to be only circular, but can be any feasible geometric shape, including but not limited to oval, rectangular, heptagonal, hexagonal, octagonal. As discussed later in this specification, the cross-sectional profile may be automatically adjustable.In tethered embodiments, the base of the tubular member may be ballasted to maintain the curvature of the tubular member induced by the incident flow.

[0097] The tubular member 26 terminates at its lower distal end 30 in a pipe end piece 32 which is open at both ends, one of which is flared. A narrower end 23 opposite the flared wider end 31 is connected to the tubular member. The ends 23, 31 are connected by a side wall 29. In this embodiment, the end piece 32 is shown as being in the shape of a generally truncated bell, wherein the side wall 29 is continuously curved, but the end piece may take a similar form with different structures and surface details.

[0098] The end member 32 has a narrower opening at one end 23 and a wider opening at the opposite end 31 that is flared. As discussed below, the side wall 29 need not be continuously curved, but may have a constant slope, such as Figure 2 The frustoconical embodiment shown in the schematic outline of (c) of FIG. The smoothly curved inner surface of wall 29 can reduce fluid friction, thereby improving VTD performance. In other embodiments, the wall can include curved portions as well as straight, constant slope portions, Figure 3 An example is shown in .

[0099] In each embodiment, the narrower proximal end 23 of the conduit end piece 32 is secured to a tubular member 26 having a complementary, substantially matching diameter. The wider end 31 of the end piece 32, distal from the lower end of the tubular member, defines an inlet for introducing water into the upflow tubular member of the VTD operating in the AUP mode.

[0100] Reference Figure 2 (c), the embodiment shown here shows that, for simplicity, the duct end member can be reduced to two parts: a narrower duct portion 25, which is attached to the end of the tubular member 26; and a flared portion 27, which terminates in a relatively wider opening at the end 31. The relative longitudinal dimensions of the narrower portion and the flared portion can vary, such as Figure 2 (a) and Figure 2 (b) and Figure 4 The longitudinal axis of the duct end piece 32 forms an angle β with a line extending from the wall 33 of the portion 27 having a constant slope.

[0101] exist Figure 4 In (a), the pipe end component has a curved side wall. At a position midway between the two ends of this embodiment of the pipe end component, at least a portion of the curved wall forms an optimal angle β. This is illustrated in the dashed image of the curved end component on the right side of the figure. However, this does not apply to Figure 3 This is the case with the "bent" embodiment of the pipe end fitting.

[0102] It is somewhat surprising to find that, except for Figure 3 The angle β in embodiments other than the embodiment of should preferably be in the range of 5° to 40°, more preferably in the range of 27° to 34°. This finding is the result of extensive computational fluid dynamics modeling focusing on wave heights between 1 meter and 3 meters and wave frequencies between 6 seconds and 8 seconds. There is no linear relationship between the angle and the upwelling, but it was found that in most cases, for a tubular diameter of 1.8 m, the ideal angle to minimize drag while maximizing the upwelling rate is optimally 30°±0.5°.

[0103] As mentioned above, in an alternative flared embodiment, Figure 2 The bell-shaped shape in the embodiment can be replaced by a truncated cone and similar shapes and configurations. The trumpet-shaped open end is used as a flared portion (spoon) of water close to it. When the VTD is anchored to a fixed position, this will ensure that the relatively large, trumpet-shaped flared portion opening will always face the current water flow. The water flow will bring the floating superstructure or buoy and the tubular member downstream, thereby automatically making the opening face the water flow. If the wind blows in the direction opposite to the water flow, the water flow acting on the large cross-sectional surface area of ​​the longer length of the tubular member 26 is found to overcome any wind acting on the surface superstructure. Compared with the opening without the large flared portion, the large flared portion opening at the bottom will send a larger amount of water upward into the upflow tubular member 26. The valve group combined in the pipe end member adjacent to the flared portion opening to prevent backflow also increases the efficiency when the water flow is the smallest and increases the wave (swell) effect on the device, so that the device works in a similar manner to the unanchored upflow VTD.

[0104] Figure 3 An alternative embodiment of an end member is shown, which is particularly suitable for the case of a tethered or anchored VTD. The end member 32' is hollow and is made of rigid annular members welded together. However, the end member 32' can also be molded or cast as a single piece using known techniques. The end member 32' defines a curved internal conduit, as shown by the rows of external directional arrows B, which indicate the direction in which water flows into the end member and flows upward through the end member. The end member 32' is connected to the lower end of the upwelling tubular member 26 at the first open end 23 and has an opposite flared end 31 away from the tubular member 26. At the flared end 31, the end member 32' is connected to the cable system 22', which tethers the end member 32' to the anchor 20' via a swivel 39 and a chain assembly 41, and the anchor 20' is shown as supported on the seabed 21.

[0105] The open end or flared end is not limited to having a specific shape. The open end or flared end can be circular, oval, triangular, rectangular, hexagonal, or have any number of sides. The open end or flared end can extend further outward in one direction than in another. For example, if the flared portion is used to rest on the seabed, the side of the flared portion for resting can be extended compared to adjacent or opposite sides.

[0106] Due to Figure 3 the bending of the end member 32' used in the tethered VTD embodiment of, each end opening has a different longitudinal axis, that is, the longitudinal axis of the distal open end 31 is "X", and the longitudinal axis of the proximal open end 23 is "Y". In this embodiment, the end member is positioned such that: the longitudinal axis of the end member at the distal end 31 or the longitudinal axis of the end member at the inlet end when used in the upflow (AUP) mode forms an obtuse angle in the range of about 120° to 175° with respect to the longitudinal axis of the proximal end 23 connected to the tubular member. This is directly related to Figure 3 the complementary acute angle marked as "α" in. This means that in an embodiment where the axis of the proximal end 23 is aligned with the axis of the tubular member 26, the angle formed at the intersection of the inlet axis and the longitudinal axis of the tubular member will thus be in the same range. By providing an end member with an equivalent cross-section that decreases in the direction of liquid flow, the water pressure at the inlet increases, thereby providing an increased flow rate of water through the tubular member due to the above-mentioned flared portion effect.

[0107] The anchor 20', the tether chain assembly 41, and the cable 22 help the inlet opening 31 to self-align towards the oncoming water flow indicated by the direction arrow C.

[0108] Referring to Figure 4 , a check valve (also known as a one-way valve) 34 ( Figure 2 not visible in) is installed inside the bell-shaped end member 32 to regulate the water transmission through the tubular member 26. The valve has a flapper 70 that is mounted to rotate from an open state to a closed state about an axis 72 that extends through the narrower end opening of the bell 32. The rotating member does not have to be centered in the end member, but can be mounted against the side wall. In this case, there will be only one axis of rotation, and one or more flappers can be mounted on this axis of rotation. A stop structure is operably mounted on the adjacent or opposite side walls of the pipe to prevent one or more flappers from swinging beyond the valve closed point and allowing water to escape.

[0109] The valve need not be mounted only in the end piece 32, but may alternatively be mounted within the tubular member, preferably at or near the lower end 30. The non-return valve is of conventional design and, as is known, allows water to enter the tubular member 26 when the pressure exerted by the weight of the water column within the tubular member is less than the pressure of the water at the wider end of the inlet member, but closes under the weight of the water column within the tubular member when the pressure of the water column within the tubular member exceeds the external pressure. As the immersion depth of the tubular member varies with the wave action in the surface layer 12 of the garden 10, the pressure changes.

[0110] The opening and closing of the valve under wave action helps to create an upwelling motion of the incoming water. The use of narrowed end pieces increases the upwelling velocity compared to a straight wall valve housing where the inlet area is equal to the outlet area and equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​the tubular member. The sides of the conical valve housing are smooth to prevent recirculation which could adversely affect the upwelling velocity of the water.

[0111] Figure 3 (b) Figure 3 (c) and Figure 3 The check valve 34 in the embodiment shown in (d) is of the shutter type, and the check valve 34 includes a plurality of flaps 70, similar to shutters, from which the term is borrowed. The number of flaps can be optimized based on physical factors, such as inlet size and associated resistance. Figure 4 In (b), there are two sheet elements 70 pivotally mounted on an axle 72 by means of a hinge 74. Figure 4 (c) has two hinges and four sheet members, while Figure 4 (d) has three hinged parts and six sheet parts. The valve is installed in the outlet of the bell-shaped member 32 with the help of an auxiliary mounting bracket 76. The bracket has screw and rivet holes 78 for fastening the bracket in the mouth of the member 32.

[0112] Whether using Figure 4 Whichever variant is shown in the figure, the valve can be remotely controlled by a command from a system control center (to be discussed below) or an onboard computer of the VTD. In one embodiment, the command causes the electromagnets installed inside the valve housing (i.e., the end member 32 or the connector 38) and on the sheet, hinge membrane, and inner surface to be dynamically powered on or off. The purpose of these commands is to achieve continuous dynamic adjustment of the valve sheet and lock the valve sheet in various desired positions, i.e., open, closed, or intermediate states. In the VTD recovery scheme, the valve sheet can be locked in a fully open position to empty several tons of water in the water column from the tubular member and reduce the lifting weight and the weight of the equipment when it is lifted.

[0113] Figure 4 , an embodiment of a valve is shown which has four valve flaps and associated electromagnets 78 and which utilizes underwater magnets to achieve a simple open and closed state. Figure 4 (a) shows the valve in a closed state. Figure 4 (b) shows a valve installed in the link 38. When the magnet 78 mounted on the valve flap in a manner adjacent to the hinge 74 is energized and activated, the open state is achieved, as shown by Figure 4 As shown in the dotted line in (b), the dotted line shows the travel path of the lower end of the valve sheet. When the magnet 80 is activated, the closed state is achieved, such as Figure 4 As shown in (a).

[0114] In other embodiments, a submersible linear actuator is used to vary the available travel of the valve, allowing for more precise control of device flow than would be possible using an electromagnet and a simple two-position, fully open or fully closed flap. Examples of suitable such actuators are the 2000 Series Subsea Linear Actuators from 2G Engineering of Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, USA, and the NEMA Submersible Linear Actuators from Ultra Motion of Cutchogue, New York, USA. In this embodiment, a control center or onboard computer can control the position (or rod length) of the linear actuator, thereby limiting the travel of the valve and allowing for dynamic adjustment of the water delivery rate through the tubular member 26.

[0115] However, it should be understood that Figure 2 The AUP in can be used as an artificial downwelling pump (ADP) by reversing the orientation of the tube assembly 26 so that the trumpet-shaped pipe end piece 32 and the check valve 34 are located directly below and connected to the float assembly 24 so that the outlet end 28 is located at the lowermost end of the tubular member. Therefore, when wave action causes the wider end of the bell-shaped member 32 to rise briefly above the water surface, the water already in the tubular member sinks with the tubular member, the valve in the tubular member closes, and the head space above the valve is emptied. When the wave action causes the top portion of the tubular member to sink below the water surface, the head space is refilled. When the tubular member rises again with the next wave, the valve opens and the water in the head space enters the tubular member. In this way, the surface water is transferred to the depth of the lower end of the tubular member and is discharged. This action displaces the water at the lower level, thereby forming an upwelling flow outside the tubular member to a certain extent.

[0116] The non-return valve discussed in the above examples operates automatically with the action of the waves. It is also within the scope of the invention to provide a remotely controllable valve which is actuated by the control system of the device (still described below) according to whether the device is required to be used as an upflow pump or a downflow pump. An example of such a valve is a solenoid valve powered by electrical energy stored in batteries and supplemented by solar, wind or wave energy or a combination thereof collected by means mounted on the superstructure.

[0117] The tubular member in the preferred embodiment of the present disclosure has an adjustable length. Adjustment is achieved by means of a segmented modular structure, wherein the tubular member includes sections 36 interconnected sequentially by connectors 38, and for ease of illustration, not all sections are shown. The segmented tubular member design is preferred to a single uninterrupted length of tubular material, which facilitates the system to respond to the ocean surface, upper depth layer and middle depth layer in an appropriate manner. For example, the upper section of the tubular member may be located at the upper 50 meters of the ocean, wherein these upper sections may encounter the most severe wear and damage. Below the upper section, the middle section is located between the depth of 50mm and 200mm, and the lower section is located below 200mm, and each section is subjected to exposure to different water currents and pressures. The segmented tubular member module allows the source material unit to be constructed as needed to suit various conditions, rather than using more expensive materials in areas where more expensive materials may not be needed. Therefore, segmentation makes the construction more economical and easier to manipulate. The modular structure is also convenient for the replacement and maintenance of sections on site.

[0118] The following will refer to Figure 2 and Figure 6 (Partially exploded view) The sections and connectors are described. The segmented approach enables a total tubular length of more than 400 m. The individual sections can have any suitable length, depending primarily on the maneuverability. For example, a single section can be up to 50 m, or even longer.

[0119] The tubular member is made of a film that is elastically bent and highly ductile but substantially impermeable, which withstands long-term, continuous exposure to seawater. The film preferably has low heat transfer, so that the contents of the tubular member are thermally isolated from the external environment, and heat loss or heat gain is minimized. Examples of suitable manufacturing materials include thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and plasticized canvas fabric. Alternative examples will become clear to those skilled in the art. Fabric tubular members are easy to fold in the axial direction, and are preferred to tubular members of rigid materials, such as metals, plastics and composite materials. Rigid tubular members tend to be made shorter than flexible foldable tubular members. In some embodiments, rigid tubular members can be staggered with flexible foldable tubular members. The tubular member can be designed to be folded in a controlled manner using a mechanism such as a rigid telescopic section, or a harmonica or concertina configuration, etc.

[0120] If Figure 2 As already mentioned in the embodiments, the check valve can be installed in the final section or in the flared end piece 32. The segmented arrangement of the tubular element is advantageous in the event that a portion of the tubular element is damaged. In this case, if the wall of the tubular element segment is damaged, for example due to a perforation caused by a shark bite, the damaged segment can be folded vertically, allowing the operation of the VTD to be restored, although the overall length is shortened. Fig.10 The folding is described. The reduction in length may be negligible in terms of the overall length and location of the damaged section. Typically, shark bites tend to occur relatively close to the water surface. In addition, this modularity also allows for on-site assembly and maintenance of the individual parts.

[0121] However, in another embodiment, the segmented arrangement can be used to reduce structural loads by dividing the total volume in the water column inside the tubular member into smaller volumes. This is achieved by providing a check valve associated with each segment or with a selected number of segments. The valve is installed in the connector 38 between the segments so that each segment forms a module with a tubular member segment, a connector and a check valve. The valve is installed in the connector and, when the valve is closed, isolates the segment above it from the segment below it.

[0122] Reference Figure 8 , showing a link 38 located between adjacent sections or as a counterweight located at the lower end of the tubular structure without a terminal bell inlet. The link is an annular member of open-ended structure having a central conduit 62 for providing a passage for water to pass through and a structural attachment point in the form of an eyelet 64 for attaching the tubular section to a cable 66, as shown. Fig.10. The end portion of the fabric section 36 is pulled over the end of the link in the manner of a sock. The piece of tubular material has an annular strip 68 which is fastened to a projection (not shown) on the surface of the tubular. The annular portion of the strip extends toward an anchor point 64 on the linking ring 38 and is secured to the eyelet 64 by a shackle (not shown) of conventional design to prevent the tubular from sliding off the link. Of course, alternative fasteners to shackles may be used depending on suitability for underwater conditions.

[0123] The link may be made of any material suitable for sea conditions. Examples include (but are not limited to) suitable grades of stainless steel (e.g. SS316 or SS304) and aluminum. The weight of the link needs to be effective in retaining the attached section above it at the selected depth of the link.

[0124] The segmented tubular members are suspended from a floating superstructure by a set of high-strength, low-stretch cables, such as Fig.10 As shown in . The cable carries the weight of the upwelling tubular sections, connectors, valves and inlet end piece 32. The cable transfers the structural load of the pumped water and the associated torsional and bending forces to the floating superstructure. The cable is connected to the underside of the floating superstructure. Metaphorically, the cable acts as the skeleton of the VTD and can be installed inside or outside the tubular material. In the embodiment shown, the external skeleton solution has the advantage over the internal location solution that it is easier to maintain and does not cause additional internal upwelling friction within the tubular sections. In contrast, the internal structural cable can minimize torsion and entanglement. The sensors are placed on connecting rings across the water column, where, in the simplest embodiment, data is captured at the inlet and outlet of the device through a single section. The data is transmitted via a dedicated underwater cable. In one embodiment, the data cable is incorporated into the tubular material by sewing during the tubular manufacturing process, thereby providing protection for the cable and preventing torsion, entanglement and any physical damage. Now refer to Fig. 9 , the tubular member section 36 is shown in (a) as a flat sheet in a folded, non-operating state, and in (b) in an operative state in which the tubular member section 36 defines a flexible, circular cylinder. During manufacture, the sheet of flexible fabric forming the section is cut to size and rectangular shape. The opposing longitudinal edges 43 and 45 are folded in an overlapping manner toward a longitudinal centerline 47 to form a short overlap. The data cable is located between the overlapping edge portions 43, 45. The overlap is wide enough to double-sew the piece of tubular material to form an elongated, customized data bag that extends along the vertical length of the folded sheet and encloses the data cable. Fig. 9An enlarged image of the protruding ends is shown in the callout box of . At the completion of the manufacturing process, only the cable ends 49 protrude from the opposite longitudinal ends of the sheet of tubular material, which are then connected and attached to the electronic subsystem during final assembly.

[0125] Fig.10 Two embodiments of the support structure are shown: a passive embodiment in (a) and an active embodiment in (b).

[0126] In the passive embodiment (a), a set of cables spans the length of the tubular material and is attached at the link. This structure is used only to carry the weight of the VTD, maintain a generally vertical position, and prevent the pump from twisting and bending. Each link ring 38 has at least two anchor points for cable attachment: one anchor point for the cable 66n leading out of the link just above, and another anchor point for the cable 66n+1 leading to the link just below.

[0127] from Fig.10 As can be seen in the shaded overlay on the left side of (a) (indicating the location of the labeled details), a separate cable attaches each pair of links in a row together. Thus, the links 38 are used here to transfer loads from one support cable 66n to the next support cable (66n+1) along the segment chain.

[0128] exist Fig.10 In the active embodiment shown in callout (b) of FIG. 5 , separate cables or ropes 66 a , 66 b connect each section to the floating superstructure 24 via a pulley system installed in the floating superstructure 24 . Fig.10 The pulley system is shown in (c) of FIG. The pulley system comprises a plate 70 on which is mounted a rotatable, motor-driven reel 72 for retracting and paying out a cable 66 connected to each of the segment links. This arrangement provides control for retracting or deploying the segments.

[0129] Plate 70 Figure 2 The cable is mounted in a floating member in a cavity 48 located below the solar panel 44. Each of the pulleys 72 is driven by a dedicated motor (not shown). The motor is monitored by the VTD's onboard processor 82 or by a remote station through the processor, and the operation of the motor is controlled by the VTD's onboard processor 82 or by a remote station through the processor. By winding or lowering the cable, the configuration of the segmented tubular member, as seen in its length and shape, can be controlled and managed. It should be understood that alternatives to the above-described winding system may be employed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure and the claims thereto.

[0130] The pulley system facilitates retraction of the tubular for overall length adjustment, retrieval purposes, or to restore operation of the VTD after damage to a given section.

[0131] Deposited seagull excrement is a challenge for any marine installation. This is particularly worrisome when excrement accumulates on the panels, rendering them inefficient or even ineffective over large areas of their surface. A simple and robust solution is to install a spike 50 on top of the floating superstructure, such as Figure 2 and Figure 7 (enlarged view) at the apex 46. These spikes deter birds from landing on the apex 46 where the panels meet. The device may also include an ultrasonic noise emitting device that emits sound in a selected ultrasonic frequency range to deter avian life.

[0132] In an embodiment, the spike is coupled to a sprinkler system that, when activated by the presence of a bird 52, emits a water spray 54 to deter birds from landing on the superstructure and to cause any bird that successfully lands to immediately fly into the air. The sprinkler system is controlled by a data processor housed in cavity 48. The data processor receives input from a motion detector or camera device 56, which acts as an actuator for enabling a pump (not shown) mounted below the platform deck 40. The pump outputs pressurized water to the ejector nozzle 58. The sprinkler system not only further provides a landing deterrent to seabirds, but also helps to intermittently clean the face of the solar panel and salt dirt deposits. The sprinkler can also be programmed to be activated regularly at selected time intervals, regardless of whether there are birds.

[0133] In another embodiment, a sprinkler system controlled using an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm may be deployed. The AI ​​controls the positioning or direction of the sprinkler output and is programmed so that the system learns from past failures and successes in preventing birds from landing and excrement removal. For example, if the sprinkler sprays water, but excrement is still detected on the solar panel 44 by means of image analysis, the AI ​​will record a failure to clean the panel or prevent a seagull from landing.

[0134] On the other hand, if the spraying of the nozzle 58 results in no detectable excrement, the algorithm deems this a success. It is reasonable to expect that the algorithm will eventually become smart enough through learning to consistently "outsmart" the seagulls, supported by appropriate hardware control and data feedback.

[0135] The disclosures herein and Figure 1The garden schematically shown in FIG. 1 is an intelligent system suitable for collecting and responding to field data. A single VTD senses and measures the state of the marine environment around the VTD, thereby transmitting the data collected by the VTD from the sensor 60 to the control center 100 (see FIG. 1 ) via wireless communication implemented by satellite. Fig.11 ). The sensor 60 is located on the link 18 of the tubular member section 36 and on the superstructure 24.

[0136] The control center may be located within the region or remote from the region. In the former case, the control center may be located on a single floating body or distributed between the VTDs. Each VTD may have its own automatic control system that responds to the measurement data and generates outputs that direct the operation of the associated VTD.

[0137] When measurements captured by individual VTDs and / or collaborative clusters of these VTDs are wirelessly transmitted to a remote control center using known protocols, the control center analyzes these measurements based on the latest research techniques and findings. The control center is then configured to:

[0138] a. Transmitting a one-time manual command, such as turning on or off a specific identified sensor 60;

[0139] b. Start automatic adjustments to individual VTDs, such as power saving and battery monitoring; and

[0140] c. Sending complex commands by using algorithms embedded in the AI ​​system, such as applying simple heuristics and optimization procedures.

[0141] Reference Fig.11 , ocean control system Figure 1 The operation of the VTD 18 within its deployment environment 10 is managed to ensure efficient and environmentally friendly upwelling and safe and efficient application of the upwelling water. The marine control system includes a control center 100 and a pumping device or VTD 18.

[0142] Fig.11The control center 100 in the embodiment of is a remote computing service that includes a computer that operates independently of the actual VTD 18, whether an upflow VTD or a downflow VTD, and that establishes a human-machine interface so that a human manager or operator can manage the operation of the VTD 18 from a distance, either individually or in coordination with other VTDs in the same garden. The operations that can be managed include computer resources, analysis of telemetry messages received from environmental sensors, evaluation of optimal control actions, and balancing of energy requirements and energy sources for onboard electronic subsystems. The control center can send and receive messages to and from the device, including commands to set operational priorities or configurations for the device and its subsystems.

[0143] The first of such subsystems may include a drift planning system 102 that uses weather, wave and current forecasts to determine and plot desired trajectories to achieve operational objectives. These objectives may be associated with individually identified VTDs in a plurality of VTDs within a floating garden and determine the steps that the device must take to achieve these determined trajectories.

[0144] The second subsystem in such subsystems can be an environmental monitoring system 104, which is loaded with ocean algorithms, GPS tracking and the latest ocean current predictions. The ocean algorithm is a set of algorithms related to specific thresholds, parameter combinations and ratios based on the latest peer-reviewed research, which generates alarms related to current or predicted water quality, biochemistry, nutrient distribution and concentration, the presence of certain microorganisms, or other ocean conditions that may have a negative impact on surrounding marine life or ecosystems. Therefore, a safety control mechanism will be enabled to temporarily suspend the operation of the pump. This can be achieved by fixing the valve in an open position or a closed position for a period of time. By utilizing established ocean current patterns and profiles and the intelligent sensing and control algorithms programmed into the processor 110 located on the VTD 18, a control mechanism can be used to predict and influence the trajectory of the pump to avoid the risk of collision or entering a protected marine environment.

[0145] The third subsystem 106 of the control center is concerned with communications and communication integrity. The third subsystem 106 is programmed to cryptographically sign messages before transmission to prevent tampering, and to authenticate incoming messages to ensure that they originate from the VTD and have not been modified.

[0146] The onboard computer system of the VTD 18 contains subsystems configured to coordinate functions including actuation control, power, data, traffic management, air traffic information, sensor management, safety, recovery, and communications.

[0147] The executive control subsystem 112 is an electronics and computing subsystem that is configured and programmed to coordinate the operation of the other subsystems within the device to achieve operational objectives.

[0148] a. The executive control subsystem 112 receives commands to set operational priorities from the control center 100. The executive control subsystem 112 then sends commands to the appropriate control subsystems to enforce those priorities.

[0149] b. The execution control subsystem 112 transmits the operating status of the device 18 to the control center 100 .

[0150] c. When safety and recovery conditions require an immediate response, the execution control subsystem 112 autonomously takes over control of the operational priority of the VTD 18. When safety and recovery conditions no longer require immediate action, the execution control subsystem 112 returns the priority.

[0151] The communications subsystem 114 on the VTD is the electronics and computing subsystem that transmits data from the device to a remote computing facility, particularly (though not necessarily always) to the control center 100 .

[0152] a. When the network service allows communication, the communication subsystem 114 sends a message to the remote command center 100.

[0153] b. The communication subsystem 114 receives messages from the remote command center 100 and routes the received information to the appropriate subsystem on the VTD 18.

[0154] c. The communication subsystem 114 cryptographically signs the message before transmission to prevent tampering.

[0155] d. The communication subsystem 114 verifies the received message in an encrypted manner to ensure that the received message comes from the control center 100.

[0156] e. The communication subsystem 114 transmits the status of the communication subsystem to the executive control system 112 on the VTD.

[0157] The VTD 18 includes a power subsystem 116 that collects, stores, and manages energy usage within the device to achieve operational objectives.

[0158] a. The power subsystem 116 collects solar energy, wind energy, and wave energy, and stores the collected solar energy, wind energy, and wave energy in a local energy storage system.

[0159] b. The power subsystem 116 monitors and predicts the energy availability in the local storage system to form an energy budget.

[0160] c. The power subsystem 116 receives commands to prioritize operations.

[0161] d. The power subsystem 116 implements operational priorities by turning specific electrical subsystems on and off to ensure that these priorities can be achieved within the current energy budget. For example, when the device is in recycling mode, the flow sensor is not needed and can be disabled to save power. However, in recycling mode, optical beacons and other signaling systems are required to perform and assist the recycling process and must remain operational.

[0162] e. The power subsystem 116 sends messages to communicate the status of the power subsystem and energy storage to the executive control system 112 and the remote control center 100 .

[0163] VTD 18 also includes a data subsystem 118. Data subsystem 118 is an electronic and computing subsystem that: stores, processes, and interprets data related to the physical state of the device and its surroundings; and ensures the security and integrity of the data within the device.

[0164] a. The data subsystem 118 receives commands that determine operational priorities or operating parameters. For example, the data subsystem 118 can turn data logging for a particular sensor 56, 60 on or off.

[0165] b. The data subsystem 118 receives commands to set operating parameters. For example, the data subsystem 118 can increase or decrease the frequency of collecting data from different sensors.

[0166] c. The data subsystem 118 receives commands that determine how data is pre-processed on the device before transmission. The data subsystem 118 can alter the content or level of detail of the information returned in the data message.

[0167] d. The data subsystem 118 transmits the status of the data subsystem to the remote command center.

[0168] e. The data subsystem 118 collects data from each sensor at intervals specified in the configuration and writes the data to a local storage device.

[0169] f. The data subsystem 118 processes the data as dictated by the configuration and operational priorities to form new data.

[0170] g. The data subsystem 118 sends a message with the processed data or the raw data to the control center 100.

[0171] Another subsystem included on the VTD 18 is the flow management subsystem 120. The flow management subsystem 120 is an electronic and computational subsystem that monitors and controls the water flow rate through the upflow tubular member.

[0172] a. The flow management subsystem 120 receives commands that determine the operation priorities and parameters.

[0173] b. The flow management subsystem 120 enables the valve control system for the valve member 70 to increase, decrease, or block the water flow through the upflow tubular member.

[0174] c. The flow management subsystem 120 monitors the flow status through the data subsystem and adjusts the valve control to achieve the operation objectives.

[0175] The navigation subsystem 122 is an electronic and computational subsystem that affects the drift of the device in seawater by using control surfaces and modifying the shape of the device.

[0176] a. The navigation subsystem 122 receives commands that determine the operation priorities and parameters.

[0177] b. The navigation subsystem 122 deploys control surfaces to affect the drift of the device in seawater.

[0178] c. The navigation subsystem 122 enables a device that contracts or elongates the upflow tubular member to affect the drift of the device in seawater.

[0179] d. The navigation subsystem 122 activates a device that changes the shape of the floating member to affect the drift of the device in seawater.

[0180] The sensor subsystem 124 is an electronic and computational subsystem for collecting data related to the physical state of the device and its surrounding environment. The sensor subsystem 124 includes sensors 60 associated with the tubular member section 36 via the connector 38.

[0181] The sensors within the sensor subsystem 124 include - but are not necessarily limited to - temperature sensors (such as the Measurement Specialties TSYS01 sensor), pressure sensors (such as the Keller Series 4LD pressure sensor), tilt angle sensors, acceleration sensors, and geographical location positioning sensors. These sensors are well-known in the art and are readily available on the market.

[0182] The safety subsystem 126 is an electronic and computing subsystem that monitors the state of the device to determine whether the device is in or approaching a critical state that could partially or fatally impair the operation and function of the VTD 18, and that takes countermeasures to prevent a partial or fatal loss of operating capability.

[0183] If a critical condition that could lead to an emergency is predicted, the safety subsystem 126 can respond by applying control to the opening of the valve or the length of the tubular member, thereby changing the direction or operating capacity to alleviate the current condition. If the processor or human intervention is deemed appropriate, the safety subsystem can fully open all valves to reduce the load.

[0184] The recovery subsystem 128 is an electronic and computing subsystem that facilitates locating the device and removing the device from the ocean. The recovery subsystem 128 receives commands from the execution control processor 112 that determine operational priorities and parameters. The recovery subsystem 128 can send a signal that the device is present, such as a series of short sound waves.

[0185] In use, measurements from the onboard field electronics subsystem of the VTD 18, which incorporates a set of sensors such as sensors 60 and 56, are transmitted to the remote control system 100 via satellite telemetry messages 130. The control system receives and stores the messages using a suitable known type of data cloud storage facility, and performs various forms of analysis to issue executable annotations determined by a human operator or by the system itself using machine learning techniques. The functions that can be performed and the commands issued include, but are not limited to, the following:

[0186] a. The flow control valve is controlled and operated from a remote onshore environment by commands that can keep the valve permanently open, closed, or partially open to control the upwelling rate.

[0187] b. An assessment of whether the vicinity in the area surrounding the deployed VTD is favorable for marine life growth. This can be calculated from simple known ratios such as the phytoplankton C:N:P uptake ratio (146:19:1) or the carbon to phosphorus ratio C:P 117:1 which can be captured by algae and thus buried in the deeper layers of the ocean. These and other known nutrient ratios provide valuable information regarding whether the vicinity surrounding the deployed VTD is optimal for inducing phytoplankton blooms or growth and fertilizing kelp and other marine aquaculture, including plants.

[0188] c. Assess whether the immediate environment surrounding the deployed VTD is conducive to the proliferation of undesirable marine life, such as toxic or harmful algal blooms.

[0189] d. Calculate carbon sequestration based on time series measurements of individual VTDs and / or a group of VTDs in a collaborative network. This analysis can take into account the following: the geographic location of each VTD obtained from a positioning system, such as the U.S. government space-based system known as the Global Positioning System or GPS; the inferred distances between each VTD; and nutrient measurements at each point in time.

[0190] e. Analyze and coordinate measurements from VTD networks deployed and moving within the region.

[0191] f. Monitor and report on the current cumulative effects of VTD as well as projected productivity output and environmental impacts.

[0192] g. Analyze the total and distributed energy consumption of the electronic system of a single VTD. Collect historical energy consumption and predict future energy consumption.

[0193] h. Identify operational risks of the VTD in the garden area. For example, changes in structural loads may indicate possible breakage of upflow tubing, loss of segments, valve failure, or changes in measured upflow rates may indicate tubing rupture or valve failure, etc.

[0194] i. Collision detection by using accelerometers to determine if the floating member or supporting superstructure is likely to collide with another floating object in the water or in the air.

[0195] The collation of site and other broader environmental and climatic data, the generation of statistics relating to condition and performance, and the calculation of key indicators defines a computer management system that can flexibly extend and update a set of algorithms used to analyse the telemetry data.

[0196] A free-drifting VTD travels around the ocean, typically flowing with the currents such a VTD encounters. However, if control is required, such as disabling the activity of a VTD due to excess nutrients or unfavorable nutrient ratios in a deployed garden area, or disabling the activity of a VTD due to the device unexpectedly floating toward a marine park or other restricted area, control may be enabled from the control center 100 to send instructions that override existing commands transmitted from the onboard computer 112. For example, control actions may include:

[0197] a. Use power-saving algorithms or manual overrides to prioritize and control sensor operations. This may include temporarily shutting down sensors or reducing the frequency of sensor measurements or communications.

[0198] b. Automatically apply controls if adverse environmental conditions occur, such as toxic algal blooms. Controls may include temporarily disabling all VTDs or a subset of VTDs in a group of such devices to allow nutrient balance to recover before resuming upwelling.

[0199] c. Control the buoyancy of the water column by injecting salt or air bubbles at selected depths.

[0200] d. Apply controls to a targeted subset of VTDs within a cluster or group based on GPS location and sensor readings. This can be done to achieve uniform distribution of temperature and nutrients across the marine culture area, or to intentionally create different distribution areas for comparative testing.

[0201] e. In an embodiment using a shutter type valve design, the upflow velocity or downflow velocity of water is controlled by disabling some of the valve flaps. For example, to halve the upflow velocity, the valve shutter portion covering approximately half of the cross-sectional flow area in the valve housing is closed. Alternatively, the opening angles of all valve flaps can be adjusted simultaneously to achieve a corresponding equivalent effect. This can be achieved by installing a flow management valve, such as a Figure 4 Flow control is accomplished by a magnetically actuated shutter-type valve in a . In terms of functionality, there is no difference between top of tube and bottom of tube controls, but the benefit of bottom of tube controls is that the control cables are shorter and the equipment does not have to be depth rated.

[0202] f. For the VTD recycling process (e.g. in case of maintenance), the flow valve is set to be permanently open to drain the tons of water collected in the water column. Similar controls can be applied in situations where external conditions pose safety issues to the operation and life cycle of the VTD.

[0203] g. Direct the VTD toward the nearest port for maintenance, or away from restricted areas such as marine protected areas or shipping lanes.

[0204] h. Cleaning of solar panels on floating superstructures.

[0205] The control actions may be achieved by using a control rod. These may include active valves and active tubular sections that operatively affect the total tubular length. The power for operating the valves is supplied by lines of known type suitable for marine environments, which connect the valves to power supplies and storage means on the floating superstructure 24.

[0206] An active valve is a valve that can be controlled, and such control can include the following settings: (1) the valve freely alternates between an open state and a closed state; (2) the valve is set to an open state; (3) the valve is set to a closed state; and (4) the valve is set to a partially open state with a finer degree of control. The VTD of the present disclosure may include one or more active valves located in the valve housing 32 and / or located inside the coupling 38.

[0207] When the valve is in setting (1), the VTD allows relatively cold water to flow upward from the ocean depths, affecting the local temperature and nutrient content of the surrounding garden area. When the valve is set to the open position in (2), the pump does not allow cold water to flow upward and is considered to be non-operating, i.e., just a floating, inactive pump. In setting (3), the valve is closed and holds the water column without allowing new water to be drawn in. In setting (4), the pump is software controlled for both inflow rate and upflow rate.

[0208] The active valve may be opened or closed by a signal from one or more of the safety subsystem (126), the recovery subsystem (128), and the flow subsystem (120). In one embodiment, the device may respond by reserving and optimizing power for the requested operation, transmitting its position at a high frequency, and activating a flashing beacon. To save energy, some of the sensors may be temporarily shut down or their sensing frequency may be reduced.

[0209] An active tubular member is a member comprising one or more Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 8 VTDs of active segments 36 of the type shown in , which are segments that can contract, expand, lower or raise the segment's vertical positioning in the ocean, thereby changing the segment's depth position relative to the surface, or otherwise change shape.

[0210] Because the segments 36 are spaced apart by the connecting rings 38, when the lower ring is pulled upward by its cables 66, the ductile or flexible material of the segment walls is axially folded by bunching up between the segment being pulled and the ring just above it. This allows the overall upflow tubular length to be shortened without significantly reducing the effective cross-sectional flow area. The material of the folded segment can fold up in an accordion-like manner.

[0211] Conversely, when the segments return to their original length, the process is called "extension." The previously raised connecting ring is lowered so that the folded wall portion of the associated segment can be released downwards to straighten.

[0212] These shortening or extending actions change the pressure center of the VTD, thereby changing the mode of the VTD interacting with the ocean current at different depth levels. These actions are realized by an electric motor, which is powered by the power supply system installed on the floating superstructure 24, and the electric motor is automatically controlled by the onboard execution control module 112, or automatically controlled by the onboard execution control module 112 from the remote control center 100 or with the remote control center 100. The motor can be instructed to twist up the cable 66 attached to the selected section, thereby producing the effect of raising the end part 32 to a higher suction level. When the total tubular length reaches a predetermined value, the locking mechanism (not shown) of the known design is enabled to prevent further winding or unwinding. As an operational example, a motor with a combined rated power output of 2kW can reduce the total length of the tubular 26 from 500m to 250m in half in about one hour. Ideally, the operation should be carried out in the case of sufficient sunlight during the day. According to available energy and urgency, the operation can be carried out under less than ideal conditions. Depending on current sea and sun conditions and previously recorded data, the onboard computer will calculate which of the following is better for the length reduction operation: lifting the tubular by axially folding the section close to the surface, thereby lifting the entire structure by the length of the folded section; or lifting the tubular by lifting the lower section.

[0213] Fig.11 These winding actions are shown comparatively, where similar components encountered previously have similar numbering: In (a), the VTD 18 is in a neutral state. Fig.10 The examples in (b) and (c) discuss the active type. Fig.12 In (b) of FIG. 5 , the same VTD is shown lowered in the direction of the black arrow by paying out the suspension cable 66 , thereby increasing the distance between the upper structure 24 and the uppermost ring 38 t .

[0214] In (c), the arrow indicates that the lowermost link 38b is lifted so that it abuts the next lowest link 38b-1. In (d), the entire structure has been folded, wherein the flexible material of the segment wall 36 is folded upward and abuts against each higher link ring.

[0215] To assist in controlling the direction of travel of the VTD, the floating superstructure may be equipped with computer-operable directional control surfaces, such as outwardly extendable and retractable wings or fins, which may be oriented according to computer-generated instructions in response to environmental data and human input or machine learning-generated input. In an embodiment, the retractable fins are deployed vertically from a position at the forward end of the buoyancy unit 35 under the drive of a stepper motor (not shown) (see FIG. Figure 2 ). In effect, the extended wing acts like an upwardly extending sail to harness the wind. In this exemplary configuration, the hydraulic drag on the segmented tubular member 26 allows the segmented tubular member 26 to act as a rudder, thereby maintaining directional stability of the VTD. In this mode of operation, the force on the sail acts to move the device in a manner generally perpendicular to the ocean current, thereby helping to change the trajectory of the device.

[0216] In another embodiment of directional displacement management, the width of the flexible portion of the upflow tubular member is compressed in one direction, thereby reducing the cross-sectional area and changing the cross-sectional profile of the upflow tubular member from its default shape, such as a circle, to a more elliptical profile. Figure 8 and Fig.10 In the embodiment of FIG. 1 , this only applies to the flexible portion 36 of the tubular member 26 and not to the inflexible connecting member 38 .

[0217] Therefore, in order to make the tubular cross-sectional profile change more uniformly along more than a single section at the same time, a series of flexible divider rings are incorporated into the tubular structure, replacing the substantially inflexible metal divider rings 38. These rings are designed in a deformable manner under bias so as to be temporarily squeezed to change the generally horizontal profile of the upflow tubular. When the squeezing force is removed, the bias causes the original profile to be restored.

[0218] Reference Fig.13 , vertical cables 66a, 66b for connecting the VTD to the upper structure 24 (not shown) pass through the center of the flexible annular member 88 through the link 84, and the membrane forming the tubular member 26 is fitted around the center of the flexible annular member 88. The cables enter the interior from the outside of the tubular member 26 to be accommodated in the transversely oriented tubular members 90. These tubular members are isolated from the water already inside the VTD upflow tubular member 26 to prevent water from entering and exiting the tubular member at locations other than the allowed locations, such as the discharge outlet and the inlet at the end member.

[0219] In an embodiment, the sealed tubular member is biased by spring loading so that when there is no lateral tension on the cable, the ring is in a fully expanded state, such as Fig.13 When the lateral cable is tensioned by pulling the cable 66b by the motor on the upper structure 24 (not shown), the tubular member 26 contracts laterally along the arrow direction L, as shown in FIG. Fig.13 The electric motor for causing the tensioning is located in the floating superstructure to generate the required cable tension according to the command of the control computer 112.

[0220] like Fig.13As shown in (b), the cross-sectional area is reduced in one lateral direction, thereby reducing the drag on the tubular member as it travels in the lateral direction. Therefore, when the VTD is operated under wind force (as VTDs usually are), the maximum achievable speed can be increased due to the reduced drag.

[0221] An example of utilizing this configuration occurs when the float 35 and tubular member 26 are aligned so that the larger dimension (marked by directional arrow C) is perpendicular to the direction of the ocean current (shown by directional arrow O). In this orientation, a larger portion of the surface area of ​​the tubular member is exposed to the ocean current, thereby increasing the speed of the device in the direction of the water current. In addition, the shorter dimension of the tubular member is aligned in the direction of the float. When the float is subjected to wind, the drag of the tubular member is reduced and the effectiveness of the sail force above the surface is increased. In this way, the device sails in the direction of the ocean current while deviating to the sides according to the surface wind direction.

[0222] Through these controls, the VTD is able to ride the currents at different ocean depths, similar to the principles of hot air balloon navigation. By controlling the depth and overall length of the upwelling tubular, the VTD is able to utilize the ocean currents at a selected depth to move in a predetermined direction. Thus, the system of the present disclosure utilizes major ocean currents, such as the thermohaline circulation, the ocean gyre, and the East Australian Current, as well as local variations associated with tidal motion and weather patterns. The variations in these major and local currents at different ocean depths produce a range of feasible pump trajectories that can be utilized, providing a mechanism for approximate control of the pump over long periods of time.

[0223] By utilizing data about established known patterns and profiles of ocean current variations and locations, and intelligent sensing and control algorithms located on the VTD, control mechanisms can be employed to predict and influence the trajectory of the VTD while free floating. By combining real-time sensing of the local water along the length of the VTD tubular, and pairing that real-time sensing with satellite positioning navigation capabilities, the hardware and software of an onboard computer system operating with the support of a remote control center can autonomously change the shape and depth of the tubular and its component sections in response to trajectory commands received from a remote telemetry station.

[0224] In other embodiments, locally sensed information is combined with wind and current predictions from weather forecast models provided by third-party agencies to maintain the pumping device within the target area or to deliver it to the desired location for retrieval.

[0225] The speed of travel, while not as fast as that of a conventional self-propelled ocean vessel or drone, is not entirely dependent on ocean currents, allowing the VTD to ride the tide to the nearest ideal port location for a planned recovery. While only a specific subset of trajectories will be available to exploit this travel mechanism, the prediction algorithms on the VTD will determine a range of achievable locations. Thus, a suitable recovery destination associated with the lowest energy demand can be determined. This in turn will reduce the cost and carbon footprint of collecting pumps from the deep sea. The optimization algorithm executed at the control center will predict the energy cost of the voyage and begin energy conservation in preparation for the voyage. The control system will then shrink the VTD to a size commensurate with the best sailing qualities and lower the relevant sections to the depth at which the required ocean currents will carry the VTD in its flow.

[0226] The present disclosure also provides measures for self-repairing the VTD in the event of damage, such as from impact or disturbance by marine life, particularly sharks piercing the material of the segment wall. In this case, the VTD flow sensor will record a sudden decrease in the upwelling rate, and the execution of the software of the relevant fault resolution subroutine will conclude that structural damage has occurred. The possible location of the damage will be determined, and the problematic segment will be folded by lifting the connecting ring directly below the location. When lifting, it can be determined from sensor feedback whether the partial folding is sufficient to cover the damaged area. If the damaged segment cannot be determined from the initial flow monitoring, it may be necessary to shrink one segment at a time. If the shrinkage of a segment does not change the upwelling rate, the next segment will continue to be lifted. When the shrinkage process of the segment causes the upwelling rate to recover, the VTD control system will know that it has successfully found the damaged component, and the remaining healthy segments will expand to their original size. If multiple components are damaged, the process is similar.

[0227] Alternatively, to save energy, the order of finding damaged parts can be shrunk from the section requiring the least energy consumption to the section requiring the most energy. In another embodiment, an A* search algorithm, Dijkstra's shortest path or other heuristic search is used to find damaged sections while consuming the least energy supply.

[0228] An application of the systems and apparatus disclosed herein is a method of marine carbon capture. The method may include providing a VTD of the type defined in the above embodiments, which is capable of autonomous operation and navigation; positioning the VTD in an open body of water, which may be an ocean, sea, or large lake where significant upwelling or downwelling occurs; operating the VTD to capture data related to the body of water; and in response to the captured data, causing carbon capture media, such as phytoplankton-rich water, to rise. When the media reaches the surface, the media is now properly positioned to capture atmospheric carbon compounds present at the air / water interface. This embodiment provides an environmentally friendly solution because it means measuring the data; assessing the potential environmental impact if the state of the water at the surface layer is not appropriately changed; and allowing the computerized VTD to automatically respond to the assessment results to mitigate the impact, such as by increasing the rate of artificial upwelling to deliver the required biological or other nutrients and compounds for absorbing or processing harmful carbon compounds, such as carbon dioxide, thereby removing harmful carbon compounds from the atmosphere.

[0229] After reading this disclosure, those skilled in the art will recognize other alternative structural and functional designs for the systems and processes of the automatic and autonomous system methods and equipment for regulating open water in a beneficial and advantageous manner through the principles disclosed herein. Therefore, although specific embodiments and applications have been illustrated and described, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are not limited to the precise structures and components disclosed herein. It is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications, changes and variations can be made to the arrangement structure, operation and details of the methods and equipment disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A vertical conveying device (VTD) operable to convey water from a first water region at a first depth in a body of water to a second water region at a second depth in the body of water, the VTD include: a. a floating superstructure comprising a computer, a power source, and one or more operatively interconnected data collection devices; b. a tubular member for water transportation, the tubular member having an upper end and a lower end, the upper end being connected to the upper structure, the lower end being connected to the pipe end member, the tubular member having a segmented structure, the segmented structure comprising a plurality of hollow, axially foldable segments, thereby establishing fluid communication between the upper structure and the pipe end member; as well as c. The pipe end member has an opening at a first end connected to the lower end of the tubular member and an opening at a second end, the first end being away from the tubular member, the opening at the second end being wider than the opening at the first end.

2. The VTD according to claim 1, in, The first and second ends of the pipe end component are connected by a side wall having an inclined portion which forms an inclined angle in the range of 5° to 40° relative to a longitudinal axis of the pipe end component at the second end at a middle position of the ends.

3. The VTD according to claim 2, in, The angle formed is in the range of 27° to 34°.

4. The VTD according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in, When the VTD is tethered, the pipe end piece is configured to be self-orienting such that the wider opening at the second end is automatically oriented to face the incident water flow.

5. The VTD according to claim 4, in, The duct end piece defines a tortuous internal flow passage for passing a fluid therethrough in use.

6. The VTD according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in, The computer is programmed to cause the VTD to operate autonomously in response to the water status related data collected by the collection device.

7. A VTD according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a flow regulating valve operable by a computer program to adjust the rate of water delivery through the tubular member in response to data from the data collection device.

8. The VTD according to claim 7, in, The valve has a plurality of movable flaps that can be individually and dynamically moved from an open state to a closed state and to intermediate states in response to commands issued by a computer.

9. The VTD according to any one of claims 1 to 8, in, The length of the tubular member is remotely variable in use by a computer issuing programmed instructions for causing the sections to at least partially collapse.

10. The VTD according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in, The tubular member, when operably deployed, has a cross-sectional profile that is deformable by lateral compression.

11. The VTD according to any one of claims 1 to 10, in, The computer is programmed to navigate the VTD by adjusting the length of the tubular member.

12. The VTD according to claim 11, in, The computer is programmed to navigate the VTD by causing adjustments to be made to a cross-sectional profile of at least a portion of the tubular member.

13. The VTD of any one of claims 1 to 12, comprising a computer operable directional control surface capable of being deployed or oriented according to programmed instructions.

14. The VTD of any one of claims 1 to 13, comprising a data transmission cable within the segment.

15. The VTD according to claim 14, in, The segments have fabric walls, and the cables are incorporated into the walls.

16. A VTD according to any one of claims 1 to 15, comprising a bird deterrent system mounted on an upper structure and a cleaning device having a sprayer, wherein the bird deterrent system is configured to detect the presence of birds on the upper structure and actuate the sprayer in response to the presence of birds to clean excrement and expel birds.

17. The VTD according to any one of claims 1 to 15, in, The power source includes a solar panel, and the superstructure includes a mounted cleaning device including a sprinkler configured to periodically direct a stream of water toward the solar panel for cleaning.

18. A free-drifting vertical conveying device (VTD), include: A water conduit for conveying water from a first area to a second area in a body of water; a remotely controllable valve operably associated with the conduit for regulating the rate of water conveyance through the conduit; one or more onboard data collection devices; and an onboard computer programmed to respond to data collected by the devices by regulating the upflow rate and downflow rate of water passing through the VTD via the valve, thereby changing the direction of travel of the VTD.

19. The VTD according to claim 18, in, The pipe comprises two or more sections connected by a joint, the joint being weighted to maintain the submerged depth of the section above the joint in use.

20. The VTD according to claim 19, in, A valve is associated with at least one of the segments.

21. The VTD according to claim 20, in, The valve is located in a section.

22. A VTD according to any one of claims 18 to 21, wherein the VTD has a trumpet-shaped pipe end component at a first end of the tubular member, and water is received at the first end of the tubular member for transmission to an opposite discharge end, and the trumpet-shaped pipe end component has a trumpet-shaped end that is wider than the tubular member.

23. A method for capturing ocean carbon, the method comprising: include: a. Providing a VTD, the VTD having a floating superstructure, the superstructure supporting an upwelling tubular member having an adjustable length; b. Positioning the VTD in an open body of water; c. operating the VTD to capture and / or receive data related to the biochemistry of the water body and the direction and speed of water flow; d. In response to the data, identifying the target waters where the VTD is to be repositioned; e. adjusting the length of the tubular member so as to utilize the current water flow to allow the VTD to travel to the target area; as well as f. Inducing upwelling of water from the area to alter nutrient distribution in the target area, increase primary productivity, or capture atmospheric carbon compounds at the air / water interface.

24. The method according to claim 23, in, The tubular member of the VTD has an inlet end to which a pipe end piece having a flared profile is connected, the pipe end piece having a flared end that is wider than the tubular member.

25. A self-propelled vertical conveyor (VTD) operable to convey water from a first water region at a first depth in a body of water to a second water region at a second depth in the body of water, the VTD include: a. a floating superstructure comprising a computer, a power source, a data collection device, and a motor, wherein the computer, the power source, the data collection device, and the motor are operably connected to enable operation of the VTD; and b. a tubular member for water transportation, the tubular member having an upper end and a lower end, the upper end being connected to the upper structure, the lower end being connected to the pipe end member, the tubular member having a segmented structure, the segmented structure comprising a plurality of hollow, axially foldable and radially compressible segments, so as to establish fluid communication between the first region and the second region via the pipe end member; The computer is programmed to navigate the VTD by adjusting the length of the tubular member to reach or avoid ocean currents.

26. The VTD according to claim 25, in, The computer is programmed to navigate the VTD by adjusting a cross-sectional profile of at least a portion of the tubular member.

27. A VTD according to claim 25 or 26, comprising a trumpet-shaped pipe end member, the pipe end member having: a longitudinal axis; a relatively narrow end, the relatively narrow end being connected to the tubular member at the end of the tubular member serving as the water inlet end; and a relatively wide trumpet-shaped end, the trumpet-shaped end being away from the tubular member.

28. The VTD according to claim 27, in, The first end and the second end of the pipe end member are connected by a side wall having an inclined portion forming an inclined angle in the range of 5° to 40° relative to the longitudinal axis at a position in the middle of the end.

29. The VTD according to claim 28, in, The angle formed is in the range of 27° to 34°.

30. Use of a VTD utilizing renewable energy in a method for fertilizing marine plants, increasing fish stocks, sequestering carbon, and capturing related data, in, The VTD comprises a submersible water transport tubular member operably connected to a superstructure, the superstructure comprising a renewable energy capture device, and the method comprises the following steps: a. introducing the VTD into a body of water; b. using energy from the energy capture device to power the VTD to transfer water from a first water region at a first depth in the body of water to a second water region at a second depth in the body of water; Thereby the nutrient content in the second zone is increased, thereby providing food for primary producers in the second zone, and promoting the capture of atmospheric carbon compounds at the air / water interface of the zone.

31. The use according to claim 30, in, The tubular member of the VTD includes a distal conduit end piece configured to self-orient in a water flow and having a longitudinal axis.

32. The use according to claim 31, in, The pipe end part at the distal end has a distal flared end and an opposite end having a width corresponding to that of the tubular member, the flared end being relatively wider than that of the tubular member, the flared end and the opposite end being connected by a side wall, the side wall having an inclined portion, the inclined portion forming an inclined angle in the range of 5° to 40° relative to the longitudinal axis at a position in the middle of the end.

33. The use according to claim 32, in, The opening at the flared end of the pipe end fitting has a longitudinal axis that is oriented differently than a longitudinal axis of the tubular member.

34. The use according to claim 33, in, The method includes attaching an anchor to a distal end of the conduit for orienting the flared end into an incident flow.

35. The use according to any one of claims 30 to 34, wherein a plurality of VTDs located in a body of water are monitored by sensors within the area, the sensors transmitting data to a remote computer, the computer being programmed to manage the VTDs using artificial intelligence, the computer being programmed to respond to the data transmitted to the computer by adjusting at least one function of a single VTD in the area, the function relating to balancing energy demand, energy conservation, drift planning, and single VTD configuration.

36. A method for promoting marine ecosystem safety, the method The following steps are involved: a. operatively positioning a remotely controlled VTD in a marine environment, the VTD comprising a plurality of data collection devices mounted on the VTD and configured to receive data from at least one external third-party source; b. monitoring data captured by the data collection device and received from the at least one third party source; as well as c. Cause the computer to apply intelligent sensing and control algorithms to the data and detect conditions based on a combination of parameters, and respond to the conditions to cause changes in the operation of the VTD.

37. The method according to claim 36, in, Changing the operation of the VTD includes causing the VTD to automatically change the trajectory of the VTD, or causing the VTD to suspend operation to wait for possible reactivation.

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