Fig planting method capable of improving yield

Abstract

The invention discloses a fig planting method capable of improving yield. The planting method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting seedlings and a planting greenhouse; (2) soil preparation; (3) timely planting; (4) shaping and pruning; (5) managing a planting greenhouse; (6) timely harvesting. Compared with the prior art, the fig planting method has the advantages that scientific cultivation management is implemented in different growth stages according to the growth rule of figs, the fruit quality can be effectively improved, the picking period is prolonged, diseases and insect pests are reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the fig planting method can adapt to different environmental conditions and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The method is an efficient, environment-friendly and sustainable cultivation method, and is simple in overall process, convenient to operate, low in cost, wide in market prospect and convenient to popularize and use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a fig planting method that can increase the yield. Background Art

[0002] The fig (Ficus carica L.) belongs to the genus Ficus of the Moraceae family, and is a subtropical deciduous shrub or small tree; the fruit is bulbous and has a small hole at the tail. The fruit, stem, leaves and other vegetative organs of the fig are rich in various amino acids, vitamins and polysaccharides, which are important components of a balanced human diet, and have the values of being edible, medicinal and ornamental. The fig fruit has a thin skin, no seeds, soft flesh, sweet taste and high nutritional value, so it is deeply loved by consumers. Figs can generally bear fruit in the year of transplantation, can harvest a higher yield in the second year, and can form a garden in three years and enter the full fruit-bearing period. Its economic life can last for decades, so the economic benefits of planting figs are quite considerable.

[0003] At present, the fig planting in China is concentrated in Xinjiang, Shandong, Sichuan and other places. The traditional field planting technology of figs in Xinjiang mainly includes the following aspects: variety selection, planting plot selection, cultivation and planting, fertilizer and water management, pest and disease control, shaping and pruning, and harvesting. However, due to the traditional planting technology mainly relying on the planting experience of fruit farmers, limited by the planting technology, the growth of figs is slow, the fruit yield is low, and there are many quality problems such as fruit body discoloration and deformity, which greatly affect the economic income of fruit farmers and restrict the large-scale planting and production of figs. Therefore, there is a need to provide a fig planting method that can increase the yield.

[0004] CN109548544A discloses a fig planting method for preventing and controlling pests and diseases. This planting method includes steps of land selection and improvement, cutting seedling raising, seedling treatment and planting, planting repellent and attracting plants, shaping and pruning, water and fertilizer management, and harvesting. The planting method provided by this invention can effectively prevent and control the pests and diseases of fig trees, reduce the use amount of traditional pesticides, improve the edible value of fig trees, and significantly improve the survival rate and growth amount of fig trees, but the yield of figs is low, which is not conducive to generating better economic benefits.

[0005] CN111642314A discloses a method for planting figs with high and stable yields. The fig planting method provided by this invention includes the following steps: 1) Select a suitable planting site; 2) Dig a planting pit, mix farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium in proportion and evenly, and fill them into the planting pit; 3) Conduct planting and transplanting according to a row and plant spacing of 1.5×2 meters; 4) Apply fertilizers monthly during the growth period, where nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are mixed and evenly applied in a ratio of 0.5:1:1 by weight; regularly prune and shape the branches; 5) Improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions, do a good job in cleaning the orchard, use scarecrows tied with colored strips to drive away birds, and promptly capture the mulberry field cattle or use drugs to kill the eggs; 6) Start harvesting when a small hole at the top of the mature fruit is slightly open. The planting method provided by this invention can increase the yield and quality of figs. The overall process is simple, the operation is convenient, and the cost is low. However, the stress resistance and adaptability of figs are relatively poor, and it is impossible to guarantee the yield and quality in areas with harsher natural conditions. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for planting figs that can increase the yield. By adopting a scientific cultivation and management method that follows the growth law of figs at different growth stages, the yield, quality, stress resistance, and adaptability of figs are improved. Moreover, the overall process is simple, the operation is convenient, the cost is low, the market prospect is broad, and it is convenient to promote and use.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for planting figs that can increase the yield, including the following steps:

[0008] (1) Selection of seedlings and planting greenhouse:

[0009] Selection of seedlings: Select high-quality fig seedlings with well-developed roots, thick branches, and no diseases or pests;

[0010] Selection of planting greenhouse: Select a flat, well-drained, sunny, and fertile plot with loose soil texture to build a planting greenhouse;

[0011] (2) Soil preparation: Level the land and loosen the soil with a rotary tiller for later use; Ridges are formed before planting. The ridge width is 2.4 - 2.8m, and a ditch is opened between the ridges, with a width of 0.3 - 0.5m and a depth of 0.3 - 0.4m. 300 - 350kg of chicken manure or 130 - 150kg of peanut bran is put into each mu and mixed evenly with the soil, and then 8 - 12cm of soil is covered on it; Among them, for alkaline soil, 10 - 15kg of superphosphate is applied per mu for soil improvement, and for acidic soil, 10 - 15kg of lime is applied per mu for soil improvement;

[0012] (3) Planting at the right time: Planting is carried out in mid-March to early April in spring or in late October to mid-November in autumn; soak the seedlings in clean water for 12 - 24h; dip the fig seedlings after root pruning in an aqueous solution of indole butyric acid potassium at a concentration of 100 - 200mg / L for 3 - 5s and then take them out; before planting, dig planting holes with a diameter of 25 - 30cm and a depth of 30 - 35cm, then transplant the seedlings into the planting holes, make the roots spread out, fill the soil and compact it, and pour enough settling water. The plant spacing is 3.0m × 0.8m;

[0013] (4) Shaping and pruning: Select the low-trunk open-center or one-line shaping method to shape and prune the seedlings, cultivate them into a low-trunk open-center or one-line tree shape, control the crown height, promote the growth of lateral branches, expand the crown area, and increase the number of fruiting mother branches;

[0014] a. Low-trunk open-center shaping method: After the seedlings are planted, leave a trunk height of 30 - 40cm to promote the germination of branches; select 3 - 4 branches with ideal azimuth angles and growth vigor as the main branches, and when they grow to 40 - 60cm, perform heavy pinching to promote the growth of lateral branches; in the spring of the second year, short-cut the lateral branches at the outer plump buds to expand the crown; after 3 years, short-cut the extension branches of the main branches every year to promote the growth of strong branches, and cut off useless branches such as over-dense branches, clustered branches, diseased and insect branches, aging branches, and dry branches; when the fruiting branches age, perform heavy short-cutting at the base for renewal; during the growing season, for new shoots with strong growth vigor, 22 - 26 leaves can be left for pinching to promote the growth of secondary lateral branches with fruits, and through protected cultivation with delayed harvest, promote the ripening of the fruits on the lateral branches and increase the yield;

[0015] b. One-line (T-shaped) shaping method: After the seedlings are planted, when the new shoots grow to 15cm, keep 2 new shoots with stronger growth vigor along the row and let them extend in a "one" shape at 180° to both sides of the row to be cultivated as the main branches, and wipe out the rest; the extension directions and spreading angles of the two main branches can be fixed with bamboo poles or iron wires, and try to keep the growth vigor of the two main branches balanced; during the winter pruning of the same year, keep about 2 / 3 of the branch length for short-cutting, and leave plump lateral buds at the cut; before the sap starts to flow in spring of the next year (mid-April), set up 8 - 10 gauge iron wires about 20cm above the ground to tie and fix the main branches; after the buds on the main branches germinate, select and keep the germinated buds for cultivation as fruiting branches at an interval of 20cm in a cross pattern, and wipe out the rest of the buds as early as possible; when the selected fruiting branches grow to 1 - 1.2m, set up the second layer of iron wires for guiding and fixing; in summer, remove the suckers and lateral shoots in time according to the growth situation, control the growth vigor by pinching, and promote the ripening of the fruits;

[0016] (5) Management of the planting greenhouse: According to the growth situation of the fig fruit trees, carry out management of the planting greenhouse, including the time of covering and uncovering the greenhouse, control of the temperature, humidity, irrigation, fertilization, weeding, and pest control inside the greenhouse;

[0017] (6) Timely harvesting: Harvest when there is a small hole slightly open at the top of the fruit, the fruit color darkens, the pericarp is soft, and there is an obvious annular crack at the base of the fruit stalk; it is advisable to harvest in the morning or evening.

[0018] Preferably, in step (1), the fig variety is selected from Bojihong or Masui Taofen; the fig seedlings are selected as healthy 1- or 2-year-old fig seedlings, with the requirements that the seedling height is ≥80 cm, the trunk diameter is ≥1.0 cm, the root diameter is ≥0.2 cm, there are no less than 6 lateral roots, the lateral root length is ≥18 cm, and there are no splits in the roots and trunks, and the epidermis has no shrinkage.

[0019] Preferably, in step (5), the control of the time for covering and uncovering the shed includes protected cultivation for early forcing and protected cultivation for late delay; among them, protected cultivation for early forcing: Cover the shed and raise the temperature before the figs have passed dormancy and the outside air temperature drops to -5°C; after early May, remove the straw curtain or shed quilt when the night temperature is not lower than 15°C; after early June, when the open-field temperature rises to a temperature that can meet the normal growth and fruiting temperature of figs, remove the shed film; protected cultivation for late delay: Cover the shed film when the lowest temperature drops to 15°C after September, and add a straw curtain or shed quilt as the temperature drops later to ensure the normal ripening of autumn fruits; delay the harvesting period until early December, and open the ventilation openings to make the plants in the shed enter dormancy.

[0020] Preferably, in step (5), the control of the temperature and humidity in the shed includes protected cultivation for early forcing and protected cultivation for late delay; among them, protected cultivation for early forcing: During the period of heating and sprouting, the daytime temperature is maintained at 15-20°C, and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 9-11°C; after 15 days, gradually increase the temperature in the shed, the daytime temperature is maintained at 25-30°C, and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 14-16°C by covering with a straw curtain or shed quilt; during the new shoot growth period, the daytime temperature is maintained at 25-30°C, and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 13-15°C; during the fruit swelling period, the highest daytime temperature does not exceed 32°C, and the shed film can be gradually removed later to enter the open-field production mode; protected cultivation for late delay: Control the temperature in the shed not to exceed 32°C at the highest and not to be lower than 15°C at the lowest, and the suitable temperature is 20-30°C to promote the ripening of autumn fruits in the later stage.

[0021] Preferably, in step (5), irrigation: The frequency and timing of irrigation depend on the soil moisture content, including germination water, irrigation during the rapid growth period of new shoots, and irrigation before the swelling of summer fruits. Irrigate 4-5 times a year, and loosen the soil in time after irrigation; use drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation for irrigation.

[0022] Preferably, the fertilization operation in step (5) is as follows: follow the principle of "applying thin fertilizers frequently"; top-dressing of fig trees should be carried out before the new shoots grow vigorously in early spring and before the spring fruits, summer fruits and autumn fruits expand rapidly. The fertilization amount per mu is 12 - 14 kg of urea, 10 - 13 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 9 - 11 kg of potassium oxide. After fertilization, watering must be carried out. When fertilizing, a strip trench is dug 40 - 60 cm away from the main trunk for fertilization; at the same time, during the growth period, foliar top-dressing is carried out in combination with pesticide spraying. The time is before 10:00 am and after 4:00 pm. In the early growth stage, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly sprayed, and in the later stage, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly sprayed. Foliar top-dressing is prohibited within 20 days before harvesting.

[0023] Preferably, in step (5), weeding is carried out by manually weeding regularly or using chemical herbicides safe for fig trees to keep the ground in the shed clean.

[0024] Preferably, in step (5), pest and disease control: when there is no disease, insect-proof nets and yellow boards are set up as physical means to control pests; after the disease occurs, diseased branches and leaves are removed, and pests and their eggs are manually captured. At the same time, targeted biological pesticides or chemical pesticides are combined for control.

[0025] There are few pests and diseases in fig trees. Especially, figs are rich in protease, which has a decomposing and damaging effect on most pests. Therefore, it has a good repellent effect on pests, and no major harm caused by pests has been seen. The diseases that figs are prone to occur include white rot, anthracnose, black spot, and Apriona germari. Once the disease occurs, diseased branches and leaves are removed at the initial stage of the disease. When the disease is severe, targeted pesticides should be used for control. For the damage of Apriona germari boring into the trunk, manual killing can be carried out during the adult egg-laying period. The trunk and large branches can also be painted with whitewash to prevent adult egg-laying; for the larvae that have bored into the branches, the boring tunnels can be dug and the larvae can be stabbed with a wire, 5 - 10 ml of 50-fold liquid of dichlorvos or sumithion can be injected into the boring holes with a syringe, or cotton balls dipped in medicine can be stuffed into the boring holes, and the boring hole openings are blocked with yellow mud; rust can be controlled with 500 - 800-fold liquid of 50% triadimefon; anthracnose can be controlled with 600 - 1000-fold liquid of 80% carbofuran or 500-fold liquid of 50% carbendazim.

[0026] Preferably, the fertilization operation also includes spraying irrigation liquid: when the fig tree grows from germination to 10 nodes, a plant growth regulator microcapsule and water are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare an irrigation liquid; the irrigation liquid is sprayed on the leaves of the fig tree by manual spraying or mechanical spraying, continuously sprayed 2 - 3 times, the spraying amount per time is 10 - 20 mL / plant, and the interval is 7 - 10 days; among them, the time for spraying the irrigation liquid is 10:00 - 14:00 on the same day.

[0027] Preferably, the preparation method of the plant growth regulator microcapsule includes the following steps, by weight:

[0028] S1. Add 8 - 12 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan and 8 - 12 parts of oxidized starch into 40 - 55 parts of water, and mix and stir at 300 - 400 rpm for 15 - 30 min to obtain a mixed solution A; add 10 - 13 parts of glycidyl methacrylate and 1 - 2 parts of initiator tert-butyl peroxybenzoate into the mixed solution A, mix and stir at 80 - 90 °C and 400 - 500 rpm for 5 - 10 h, then add 3 - 5 parts of cellulose substance at 80 - 90 °C and 400 - 500 rpm, and continue to stir for 5 - 8 h to obtain the wall material;

[0029] S2. Mix 0.5 - 1 part of plant growth regulator with 5 - 10 parts of water, stir at 100 - 300 rpm for 15 - 25 min, then add 2 - 5 parts of porous starch, and stir at 100 - 300 rpm for 6 - 10 h to obtain a mixed solution B; then add 5 - 10 parts of the wall material prepared in the above step S1 and 10 - 20 parts of acetone into the mixed solution B, stir at 100 - 300 rpm for 10 - 15 h to obtain a mixed solution C; then mix the mixed solution C with an isopropanol solution 4 - 8 times its volume, continue to stir, and perform a water bath at 45 - 55 °C to precipitate microcapsules, and obtain them after filtration, washing and drying.

[0030] Preferably, in the step S1, the cellulose substance is selected from at least one of hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and modified cellulose.

[0031] Preferably, in the step S2, the plant growth regulator is selected from one or two of chlormequat chloride and moringa leaf extract.

[0032] More preferably, the chlormequat chloride and moringa leaf extract in the plant growth regulator are mixed in a mass ratio of 1 - 2:1.

[0033] In the preparation process of the plant growth regulator microcapsules of the present invention, chlormequat chloride and Moringa oleifera leaf extract are introduced as plant growth regulators. Chlormequat chloride is a commonly used plant growth regulator, and Moringa oleifera leaf extract is rich in bioactive components such as polyphenols. The inventors of the present invention found that the combined use of chlormequat chloride and Moringa oleifera leaf extract in the preparation process of microcapsules can play a synergistic role and enhance the plant growth regulation effect; at the same time, porous starch with good adsorption performance is used to load the plant growth regulator, which can not only improve the stability of chlormequat chloride and Moringa oleifera leaf extract, but also serve as the matrix material of the microcapsules. In the preparation process of the plant growth regulator microcapsules, carboxymethyl chitosan and oxidized starch have good film-forming properties and biocompatibility, and can be cross-linked with the flexible polymer network formed by the polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate to form a coating material with good film-forming properties and flexibility. In addition, a cellulose material is also introduced to construct the wall material of the microcapsules, and the microstructure of the microcapsules is adjusted simultaneously with other raw material components, which can not only enhance the mechanical strength and stability of the microcapsules, but also provide an additional pore structure, contributing to the slow-release performance of the microcapsules.

[0034] Preferably, the preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps, by weight:

[0035] Mix 2-6 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose with 10-20 parts of dichloromethane to obtain solution a; mix 0.5-2 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether with 4-10 parts of dichloromethane to obtain solution b; add solution b to solution a, mix and stir evenly, add 0.05-0.2 parts of p-toluenesulfonic acid, and carry out a mixing reaction at 60-70 °C for 4-6 h to obtain a mixture; pour the mixture into an aqueous ethanol solution of 90-95 wt% that is 8-10 times the total weight of the mixture to precipitate the product, then centrifuge, collect the precipitate, wash the precipitate with ethanol 2-3 times, then wash it with water 1-2 times, and place it in a vacuum dryer at 40-50 °C for 5-8 h to obtain the modified cellulose.

[0036] In the process of preparing the above-mentioned modified cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose is a cellulose derivative with a large number of carboxyl groups on its molecular chain. Under the catalysis of p-toluenesulfonic acid, the carboxyl groups can undergo esterification or etherification reactions with octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether to introduce amphiphilic octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, thereby preparing modified cellulose. The introduction of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether can introduce hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups into the capsule wall, adjusting the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of the capsule wall. This balance can optimize the compactness and flexibility of the capsule wall, making the microcapsule wall of the plant growth regulator relatively looser and thicker, thus improving flexibility. Moreover, the abundant hydroxyl groups and ether bonds in its structure can form hydrogen bonds with the leaf surface, enhancing the adhesion of the microcapsules to the leaf surface. In addition, the prepared microcapsule wall with a relatively looser and thicker structure after the introduction of modified cellulose can provide a longer diffusion path, slow down the release rate of the plant growth regulator, achieve better sustained-release performance, and extend its plant growth regulation effect. The introduction of modified cellulose can not only significantly improve the flexibility, leaf surface adhesion and sustained-release performance of the microcapsules, but also reduce the dosage of the plant growth regulator, reduce the residues of chlormequat in the soil and plants, and improve the adverse environmental effects of chlormequat, showing good environmental protection performance.

[0037] Advantages of the present invention:

[0038] 1. Compared with the prior art, the fig planting method provided by the present invention includes the following steps: (1) selecting seedlings and planting greenhouses; (2) soil preparation; (3) timely planting; (4) shaping and pruning; (5) managing the planting greenhouse; (6) timely harvesting. By adopting a scientific cultivation management method that follows the growth law of figs at different growth stages, the present invention can effectively improve fruit quality, extend the picking period, reduce pests and diseases, improve production efficiency, and adapt to different environmental conditions, which is an efficient, environmentally friendly and sustainable cultivation method.

[0039] 2. Compared with the prior art, the present invention uses chlormequat and moringa leaf extract as plant growth regulators and encapsulates them to prepare plant growth regulator microcapsules, which not only improves the stability of the plant growth regulator, but also enables the long-term and uniform release of the plant growth regulator, which is beneficial to improving the yield and fruit quality of figs. During the fig planting process, the prepared plant growth regulator microcapsules are mixed with water to prepare a sprinkler irrigation solution, and the sprinkler irrigation solution is sprayed on the leaf surface while fertilizing according to the growth law of figs, significantly improving the yield and fruit quality of figs. Specific embodiments

[0040] Parameters and sources of specific chemical substances are used.

[0041] Oxidized starch, product number: A00581; brand: Jiyesheng;

[0042] Preparation method of porous starch: Disperse corn starch (100 mesh, commercially available) solution in sodium acetate buffer solution with pH 5.5 to obtain 30% (w / w) starch milk, then add 2% (w / w) composite enzyme (α-amylase: glucoamylase = 1:2), incubate at 50 °C for 6 h, then adjust the pH to 3.0 to neutralize the system and incubate for 15 min; Centrifuge the system at 4000 r / min, wash it with water for 3 times, then place it at 40 °C for drying, pulverize it, and pass through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain porous starch.

[0043] Hydroxyethyl cellulose, CAS No.: 9004-62-0;

[0044] Carboxymethyl cellulose, CAS No.: 9000-11-7;

[0045] Octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, specification: OP-7, product number: YLD-OP; brand: Yonglida;

[0046] Preparation method of moringa leaf extract: Naturally dry the washed moringa leaves, then pulverize them with a pulverizer and pass through an 80-mesh sieve to obtain moringa leaf powder; Place the moringa leaf powder in a round-bottom flask according to the material-liquid ratio of 1:10 (moringa leaf powder: 70 wt% ethanol aqueous solution) for mixing, connect the flask to a reflux condenser, heat it in a water bath until the solvent boils, and maintain the reflux state for 3 h to obtain an extract; Filter the extract while it is hot, collect the filtrate, concentrate the filtrate under reduced pressure to obtain a thick moringa leaf extract; Then place the thick moringa leaf extract at 55 °C for drying to obtain a solid, pulverize the solid, and pass through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain moringa leaf extract.

[0047] 50% triadimefon 600-fold solution: Triadimefon is a highly effective, low-toxic, and low-residue triazole fungicide. Its main component is triadimefon, which is mainly used to control rust. It can inhibit the biosynthesis of ergosterol in pathogenic bacteria, thereby destroying the cell membrane structure and function of pathogenic bacteria and achieving the bactericidal effect. When in use, it is diluted according to a 500-800-fold solution, that is, for 50% triadimefon, 1 g of the medicament needs to be diluted with 500-800 mL of water.

[0048] 80% thiram-ziram 800-fold solution: Thiram-ziram is a mixed preparation of thiram and ziram, belonging to an organic sulfur fungicide. It can combine with the sulfhydryl group (-SH) in pathogenic bacteria to inhibit the activities of various enzymes in pathogenic bacteria, thereby interfering with the normal metabolic process of pathogenic bacteria and achieving the purpose of sterilization, which has a significant control effect on anthracnose pathogenic bacteria. When in use, the dilution multiple is 600-1000 times, that is, 1 g of 80% thiram-ziram medicament needs to be diluted with 600-1000 mL of water.

[0049] 50% Carbendazim 500 times solution: Carbendazim is a broad-spectrum fungicide, the main component of which is benzimidazole compounds. It can interfere with the mitosis process of pathogenic bacteria cells, inhibit the assembly of microtubules by binding to the microtubule protein of pathogenic bacteria, thereby preventing the normal division and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria cells. It can be used to prevent and treat various fungal diseases such as fig anthracnose. When using, it can be diluted to 500 times, that is, 1g of 50% carbendazim agent needs to be diluted with 500mL of water.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] A fig planting method capable of increasing yield comprises the following steps:

[0052] (1) Seedling selection and greenhouse selection:

[0053] Seedling selection: Select Bojihong seedlings with well-developed root systems, strong branches and trunks, and no diseases or insect pests. Among them, the seedling height should be ≥80cm, the trunk diameter should be ≥1.0cm, the root diameter should be ≥0.2cm, the lateral roots should be at least 6, the lateral root length should be ≥18cm, the roots and trunks should not be split, and the epidermis should not be shrunken;

[0054] Selection of greenhouses: Choose a flat, well-drained, sunny, loose and fertile plot of land to build a greenhouse.

[0055] (2) Land preparation: Level the land and loosen the soil with a rotary tiller for later use; before planting, create ridges with a width of 2.5m and dig furrows between ridges with a width of 0.4m and a depth of 0.35m. Add 330kg of chicken manure and 12kg of superphosphate per mu and mix well with the soil, then cover with 10cm of soil;

[0056] (3) Planting at the right time: Planting should be carried out in spring from mid-March to early April; Soak the seedlings in clean water for 15 hours; Dip the root-pruned fig seedlings in a 150 mg / L potassium indolebutyrate aqueous solution for 4 seconds and then take them out; Dig a planting hole with a diameter of 28 cm and a depth of 32 cm before planting, then transplant the seedlings into the planting hole to allow the roots to stretch, fill the soil and compact it, and water it thoroughly to allow the roots to take root; The spacing between rows and plants is 3.0 m × 0.8 m;

[0057] (4) Shaping and Pruning: Select the low-trunk open-center shaping method to shape and prune the seedlings, cultivate them into the low-trunk open-center shape, control the crown height, promote the growth of lateral branches, expand the crown area, and increase the number of fruiting mother branches. Among them, the low-trunk open-center shaping method: After the seedlings are planted, leave a 35-cm trunk to promote bud germination and shoot growth. Select 4 branches with ideal azimuth angles and growth vigor as the main branches, and when they grow to 50 cm, perform heavy pinching to promote the growth of lateral branches. In the spring of the second year, short-cut the lateral branches at the plump buds on the outside to expand the crown. After 3 years, annually short-cut the extension branches of the main branches to promote the growth of strong branches, and cut off useless branches such as over-dense branches, tufted branches, diseased and insect branches, senescent branches, and withered branches. When the fruiting branches become senescent, perform heavy short-cutting at the base for renewal. During the growth season, for the vigorous new shoots, 25 leaves can be left for pinching to promote the growth of secondary lateral shoots with fruits. Through protected cultivation with delayed harvest, promote the ripening of the fruits on the lateral shoots and increase the yield.

[0058] (5) Greenhouse Management for Planting: According to the growth conditions of the fig fruit trees, conduct greenhouse management including controlling the time of covering and uncovering the greenhouse, the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse, irrigation, fertilization, weeding, and pest control.

[0059] Among them, the control of the time of covering and uncovering the greenhouse includes protected cultivation with early promotion and protected cultivation with delayed harvest. Among them, protected cultivation with early promotion: Before the fig has passed dormancy and the outside air temperature drops below -5°C, cover the greenhouse and raise the temperature. After early May, when the night temperature is not lower than 15°C, remove the straw curtains or greenhouse covers. After early June, when the open-field temperature rises to the temperature that can meet the normal growth and fruiting of the fig, uncover the greenhouse film. Protected cultivation with delayed harvest: In September, when the lowest temperature drops to 15°C, cover the greenhouse film, and later add straw curtains or greenhouse covers as the temperature drops to ensure the normal ripening of the autumn fruits. Delay the harvest period until early December, open the ventilation openings, and make the plants in the greenhouse enter dormancy.

[0060] Among them, the control of the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse includes protected cultivation with early promotion and protected cultivation with delayed harvest. Among them, protected cultivation with early promotion: During the period of promoting germination by raising the temperature, keep the daytime temperature at 15 - 20°C and the nighttime temperature at 9 - 11°C. After 15 days, gradually increase the temperature inside the greenhouse, keep the daytime temperature at 25 - 30°C, and through covering straw curtains or greenhouse covers at night, keep the temperature at 14 - 16°C. During the new shoot growth period, keep the daytime temperature at 25 - 30°C and the nighttime temperature at 13 - 15°C. During the fruit swelling period, the highest daytime temperature does not exceed 32°C, and later the greenhouse film can be gradually removed to enter the open-field production mode. Protected cultivation with delayed harvest: Control the temperature inside the greenhouse not to exceed 32°C at the highest and not to be lower than 15°C at the lowest, with an appropriate temperature of 20 - 30°C to promote the ripening of the later autumn fruits.

[0061] Among them, irrigation: The frequency and timing of irrigation depend on the soil moisture content, including germination water, irrigation during the rapid growth period of new shoots, and irrigation before the swelling of summer fruits. Irrigate 4 times a year, and loosen the soil in time after irrigation. The irrigation method adopts drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation.

[0062] Among them, the fertilization operation is as follows: follow the principle of "applying thin fertilizers frequently"; before the new shoots grow vigorously in early spring and before the spring, summer, and autumn fruits rapidly expand, top-dress. The fertilization amount is 13 kg of urea, 12 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 10 kg of potassium oxide per mu. After fertilization, watering must be carried out. When fertilizing, open a strip trench 50 cm away from the main trunk for fertilization; at the same time, during the growth season, foliar top-dressing is carried out in combination with pesticide spraying. The time is before 10 am and after 4 pm. In the early growth stage, spraying nitrogen fertilizer is mainly carried out, and in the later stage, spraying phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is mainly carried out. Foliar top-dressing is prohibited within 20 days before harvesting;

[0063] Among them, weeding: Regularly carry out manual weeding or use chemical herbicides safe for figs to remove weeds, and keep the ground in the shed clean.

[0064] Among them, pest and disease control: When no diseases occur, set up insect-proof nets and yellow boards as physical means to control pests; after diseases occur, remove diseased branches and leaves, manually capture pests and their eggs, and at the same time carry out control in combination with targeted biological pesticides or chemical pesticides;

[0065] Figs have fewer pests and diseases. Especially, figs are rich in protease, which has a decomposing and damaging effect on most pests. Therefore, figs have a good repellent effect on pests, and no major harm caused by pests has been seen. The diseases that figs are prone to occur include white rot, anthracnose, black spot, and Apriona germari. Once diseases occur, remove diseased branches and leaves at the initial stage of the disease. When the disease is severe, use targeted pesticides for control. For the damage of Apriona germari boring into the trunk, manual capture can be carried out during the egg-laying period of adults. Whitewash can also be applied to the trunk and large branches to prevent adults from laying eggs; for the larvae that have bored into the branches, the boring tunnel can be dug and the larvae can be stabbed with a wire, 8 mL of 50-fold liquid of dichlorvos or sumithion can be injected into the boring hole with a syringe, or cotton balls dipped in medicine can be stuffed into the boring hole, and the boring hole mouth can be blocked with yellow mud; rust can be controlled with 600-fold liquid of 50% triadimefon; anthracnose can be controlled with 800-fold liquid of 80% thiram or 500-fold liquid of 50% carbendazim.

[0066] (6) Harvest at the right time: When small holes appear at the top of the fruit, the fruit color darkens, the peel becomes soft, and there are obvious annular cracks at the base of the fruit stalk, carry out the harvest; the harvest is preferably carried out in the morning or evening.

[0067] Example 2

[0068] A fig planting method that can increase the yield is different from Example 1 in that the fertilization operation in step (5) also includes spraying a sprinkler irrigation solution:

[0069] When the figs grow from germination to 10 nodes, mix the plant growth regulator microcapsules with water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare a sprinkler irrigation solution; use the mechanical sprinkler irrigation method to spray the figs on the leaf surface, spray continuously for 3 times, with a spraying amount of 12 mL per plant each time, and the interval is 7 days; among them, the time for spraying the sprinkler irrigation solution is 10:00 am on the same day.

[0070] The preparation method of the plant growth regulator microcapsule includes the following steps:

[0071] S1. Add 10 g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 10 g of oxidized starch to 50 g of water, mix and stir at 500 rpm for 20 min to obtain a mixed solution A; add 12 g of glycidyl methacrylate and 1.5 g of initiator tert-butyl peroxybenzoate to the mixed solution A, mix and stir at 85 °C and 450 rpm for 8 h, and then add 4 g of modified cellulose at 85 °C and 450 rpm, and continue to stir for 6.5 h to obtain the wall material;

[0072] S2. Mix 0.8 g of moringa leaf extract with 6 g of water, stir at 200 rpm for 20 min, then add 4 g of porous starch, and stir at 200 rpm for 8 h to obtain a mixed solution B; then add 8 g of the wall material prepared in the above step S1 and 17 g of acetone to the mixed solution B, stir at 200 rpm for 12 h to obtain a mixed solution C; then mix the mixed solution C with 5 times its volume of isopropanol solution, continue to stir, and carry out a water bath at 50 °C to precipitate the microcapsules, and obtain the plant growth regulator microcapsules after filtration, washing and drying.

[0073] The preparation method of the modified cellulose in the step S1 includes the following steps:

[0074] Mix 5 g of carboxymethyl cellulose with 15 g of dichloromethane to obtain solution a; mix 1 g of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether with 5 g of dichloromethane to obtain solution b; add solution b to solution a, mix and stir evenly, add 0.1 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid, and carry out a mixing reaction at 65 °C for 5 h to obtain a mixture; pour the mixture into a 95 wt% ethanol aqueous solution 10 times the total weight of the mixture to precipitate the product, then centrifuge, collect the precipitate, wash the precipitate 3 times with ethanol, then wash 2 times with water, and place it in a vacuum dryer at 45 °C for 6 h to obtain the modified cellulose.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] A method for cultivating figs that can increase the yield is different from that in Example 1 in that the fertilization operation in the step (5) further includes spraying a spray irrigation solution:

[0077] When the figs grow from germination to 10 nodes, mix the plant growth regulator microcapsules with water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare a spray irrigation solution; use mechanical spray irrigation to spray the leaves of the figs, spray continuously 3 times, with a spraying amount of 12 mL / plant each time, and the interval is 7 days; among them, the time for spraying the spray irrigation solution is 10:00 in the morning on the same day.

[0078] The preparation method of the plant growth regulator microcapsule comprises the following steps:

[0079] S1. Add 10 g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 10 g of oxidized starch into 50 g of water, mix and stir at 500 rpm for 20 min to obtain a mixed solution A; add 12 g of glycidyl methacrylate and 1.5 g of initiator tert-butyl peroxybenzoate into the mixed solution A, mix and stir at 85 °C and 450 rpm for 8 h, then add 4 g of modified cellulose at 85 °C and 450 rpm, and continue to stir for 6.5 h to obtain a wall material;

[0080] S2. Mix 0.8 g of chlormequat chloride with 6 g of water, stir at 200 rpm for 20 min, then add 4 g of porous starch, and stir at 200 rpm for 8 h to obtain a mixed solution B; then add 8 g of the wall material prepared in the above step S1 and 17 g of acetone into the mixed solution B, stir at 200 rpm for 12 h to obtain a mixed solution C; then mix the mixed solution C with an isopropanol solution 5 times its volume, continue to stir, and perform a water bath at 50 °C to precipitate microcapsules, and obtain the plant growth regulator microcapsules after filtration, washing and drying.

[0081] The preparation method of the modified cellulose is the same as that in Example 2.

[0082] Example 4

[0083] A method for cultivating figs to increase yield is different from that in Example 1 in that the fertilization operation in step (5) further includes spraying a sprinkler irrigation solution:

[0084] When the figs grow from germination to 10 nodes, mix the plant growth regulator microcapsule with water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare a sprinkler irrigation solution; use mechanical sprinkler irrigation to spray the figs on the leaf surface, spray continuously for 3 times, with a spraying amount of 12 mL / plant each time, and the interval is 7 days; among them, the time for spraying the sprinkler irrigation solution is 10:00 in the morning on the same day.

[0085] The preparation method of the plant growth regulator microcapsule comprises the following steps:

[0086] S1. Add 10 g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 10 g of oxidized starch into 50 g of water, mix and stir at 500 rpm for 20 min to obtain a mixed solution A; add 12 g of glycidyl methacrylate and 1.5 g of initiator tert-butyl peroxybenzoate into the mixed solution A, mix and stir at 85 °C and 450 rpm for 8 h, then add 4 g of modified cellulose at 85 °C and 450 rpm, and continue to stir for 6.5 h to obtain a wall material;

[0087] S2. Mix 0.5 g of chlormequat chloride and 0.3 g of moringa leaf extract with 6 g of water, stir for 20 min under the condition of 200 rpm, then add 4 g of porous starch, stir for 8 h under the condition of 200 rpm to obtain mixed solution B; then add 8 g of the wall material prepared in the above step S1 and 17 g of acetone into mixed solution B, stir for 12 h under the condition of 200 rpm to obtain mixed solution C; then mix mixed solution C with an isopropanol solution 5 times its volume, continue to stir, and carry out water bath under the condition of 50 °C to precipitate microcapsules, and obtain plant growth regulator microcapsules after filtration, washing and drying.

[0088] The preparation method of the modified cellulose is the same as that in Example 2.

[0089] Example 5

[0090] A method for growing fig trees that can increase yield is different from that in Example 1 in that the fertilization operation in step (5) further includes spraying a spray irrigation solution:

[0091] When the fig tree grows from germination to 10 nodes, mix the plant growth regulator microcapsules with water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare a spray irrigation solution; use mechanical spray irrigation to spray the leaves of the fig tree, spray continuously 3 times, with a spraying amount of 12 mL / plant each time, and the interval is 7 days; among them, the time for spraying the spray irrigation solution is 10:00 in the morning on the same day.

[0092] The preparation method of the plant growth regulator microcapsules described includes the following steps:

[0093] S1. Add 10 g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 10 g of oxidized starch into 50 g of water, mix and stir for 20 min under the condition of 500 rpm to obtain mixed solution A; add 12 g of glycidyl methacrylate and 1.5 g of initiator tert-butyl peroxybenzoate into mixed solution A, mix and stir for 8 h under the conditions of 85 °C and 450 rpm, then add 4 g of carboxymethyl cellulose under the conditions of 85 °C and 450 rpm, and continue to stir for 6.5 h to obtain the wall material;

[0094] S2. Mix 0.5 g of chlormequat chloride and 0.3 g of moringa leaf extract with 6 g of water, stir for 20 min under the condition of 200 rpm, then add 4 g of porous starch, stir for 8 h under the condition of 200 rpm to obtain mixed solution B; then add 8 g of the wall material prepared in the above step S1 and 17 g of acetone into mixed solution B, stir for 12 h under the condition of 200 rpm to obtain mixed solution C; then mix mixed solution C with an isopropanol solution 5 times its volume, continue to stir, and carry out water bath under the condition of 50 °C to precipitate microcapsules, and obtain plant growth regulator microcapsules after filtration, washing and drying.

[0095] Example 6

[0096] A method for cultivating figs to increase yield is different from Example 1 in that the fertilization operation in step (5) further includes spraying a sprinkler irrigation solution:

[0097] When the figs grow from germination to 10 nodes, mix the plant growth regulator microcapsules and water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare a sprinkler irrigation solution; use mechanical sprinkler irrigation to spray the figs on the leaf surface, spray continuously 3 times, with a spraying amount of 12 mL / plant each time, and an interval of 7 days; among them, the time for spraying the sprinkler irrigation solution is 10:00 am on the same day.

[0098] The preparation method of the plant growth regulator microcapsules includes the following steps:

[0099] S1. Add 10 g of carboxymethyl chitosan and 10 g of oxidized starch to 50 g of water, mix and stir at 500 rpm for 20 min to obtain a mixed solution A; add 12 g of glycidyl methacrylate and 1.5 g of initiator tert-butyl peroxybenzoate to the mixed solution A, mix and stir at 85 °C and 450 rpm for 8 h, and then add 4 g of hydroxyethyl cellulose at 85 °C and 450 rpm, and continue to stir for 6.5 h to obtain a wall material;

[0100] S2. Mix 0.5 g of chlormequat chloride and 0.3 g of moringa leaf extract with 6 g of water, stir at 200 rpm for 20 min, then add 4 g of porous starch, and stir at 200 rpm for 8 h to obtain a mixed solution B; then add 8 g of the wall material prepared in step S1 above and 17 g of acetone to the mixed solution B, stir at 200 rpm for 12 h to obtain a mixed solution C; then mix the mixed solution C with 5 times its volume of isopropanol solution, continue to stir, and carry out water bath at 50 °C to precipitate microcapsules, and obtain plant growth regulator microcapsules after filtration, washing and drying.

[0101] Comparative Example 1

[0102] A method for cultivating figs to increase yield is different from Example 1 in that the fertilization operation in step (5) further includes spraying a sprinkler irrigation solution:

[0103] When the figs grow from germination to 10 nodes, mix the plant growth regulator microcapsules and water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare a sprinkler irrigation solution; use mechanical sprinkler irrigation to spray the figs on the leaf surface, spray continuously 3 times, with a spraying amount of 12 mL / plant each time, and an interval of 7 days; among them, the time for spraying the sprinkler irrigation solution is 10:00 am on the same day.

[0104] The plant growth regulator is a mixture of 0.5 g of chlormequat chloride and 0.3 g of moringa leaf extract.

[0105] Test Example 1

[0106] Figs were planted according to the planting methods of Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 1 respectively. When the fruits reached the harvest maturity stage, the mature fruits of 80 fig trees located in the middle and the outer four sides of the planting greenhouse were harvested respectively, and the average yield of figs per plant (kg / plant) was calculated. At the same time, 80 representative pest-free fruits in the middle of the outer part of the plants were selected respectively, and the single fruit weight of the fruits was weighed with an electronic balance, and the average value was taken to calculate the average single fruit weight (g).

[0107] Table 1

[0108] Yield (kg / plant) Average weight of single fruit (g) Example 1 3.51 71.14 Example 2 5.42 86.51 Example 3 5.54 86.62 Example 4 5.95 87.56 Example 5 5.78 86.85 Example 6 5.63 86.73 Comparative Example 1 5.35 86.22

[0109] As can be seen from Table 1, by comparing Examples 1-6 and Comparative Example 1, it was found that the yields and average single fruit weights of Examples 2-6 and Comparative Example 1 treated with the spraying irrigation solution were significantly higher than those of Example 1 without the spraying irrigation solution treatment, indicating that the spraying irrigation solution was helpful for improving the yield and average single fruit weight of figs. By comparing Examples 2-6 and Comparative Example 1, it was found that the yields and average single fruit weights of Examples 2-6 with plant growth regulator microcapsules added to the irrigation solution were significantly higher than those of Comparative Example 1 with plant growth regulator added to the irrigation solution, indicating that compared with the plant growth regulator, preparing the plant growth regulator into microcapsules was more beneficial for improving the yield and average single fruit weight of figs. The reason may be that compared with the unencapsulated plant growth regulator, the microencapsulated plant growth regulator was less affected by light, oxidation or microbial degradation, had stronger adhesion to the leaf surface, and could control the release rate of the plant growth regulator, not only reducing the loss of the plant growth regulator, but also being able to act on the growth cycle of figs more long-term and uniformly, thus more effectively promoting fruit growth and development and being beneficial for improving the yield and average single fruit weight of figs.

[0110] Comparing Examples 2 - 6, it was found that the yields and average single - fruit weights of Examples 4 - 6 were higher than those of Examples 2 - 3. This indicates that, compared with using chlormequat chloride or moringa leaf extract alone in the preparation of plant growth regulator microcapsules, the synergistic use of chlormequat chloride and moringa leaf extract in the preparation of plant growth regulator microcapsules is more conducive to increasing the yield and average single - fruit weight of figs. Comparing Examples 4 - 6, it was found that the yield and average single - fruit weight of Example 4 were higher than those of Examples 5 - 6. This shows that in the process of preparing plant growth regulator microcapsules, the effect of introducing modified cellulose to prepare the wall material in increasing the yield and average single - fruit weight of figs is better than that of hydroxyethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose. The reason may be that by introducing hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, modified cellulose increases its interaction ability with the leaf surface. Compared with hydroxyethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose, its surface is rich in more hydroxyl groups and ether bonds, which can form stronger hydrogen bonds with the leaf surface, thus being more conducive to prolonging the action time of the plant growth regulator on the leaf surface, playing a growth - regulating role on figs, and increasing the yield and average single - fruit weight of figs.

[0111] Test Example 2

[0112] Leaf surface retention rate test

[0113] Spraying solutions prepared in Examples 4 - 6 and Comparative Example 1, 5 mL each, were evenly sprayed on fig leaves, and the fig leaves were placed on a glass petri dish at an inclination of 45°. Subsequently, 40 mL of deionized water was flushed over the fig leaves from a height of 50 cm at a rate of 4 mL / min to simulate rain erosion. After the liquid droplets on the leaf surface had naturally dried, the leaves were immersed in 5 mL of deionized water and oscillated at 150 r / min for 10 min to extract the remaining plant growth regulator from the leaf surface into the solution. Finally, the retention rate of the plant growth regulator on the leaf was calculated by measuring the concentration of chlormequat chloride in the solution using high - performance liquid chromatography. The experiment was repeated 5 times, and the test results were averaged. The specific situation is shown in Table 2.

[0114] Table 2

[0115]

[0116]

[0117] As can be seen from Table 2, by comparing Examples 4-6 with Comparative Example 1, it is found that the leaf surface retention rate of Examples 4-6 with plant growth regulator microcapsules added to the sprinkling solution is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1 with plant growth regulator added to the sprinkling solution. This shows that compared with plant growth regulators, preparing plant growth regulators into microcapsules is more conducive to improving the retention effect of plant growth regulators on fig leaves. By comparing Examples 4-6, it is found that the leaf surface retention rate of Example 4 is higher than that of Examples 5-6. This indicates that during the preparation process of plant growth regulator microcapsules, introducing modified cellulose to prepare the capsule wall material is superior to hydroxyethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose in improving the retention effect of plant growth regulators on fig leaves. The reason may be that the microcapsules containing modified cellulose exhibit better deformation ability and are more suitable for conforming to the microscopic structure of the leaf surface. Moreover, compared with hydroxyethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose, the introduction of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether in modified cellulose will further increase the content of hydroxyl groups and ether bonds in the microcapsule wall. These functional groups can form more hydrogen bonds or other non-covalent bonds with the leaf surface, enhancing the adhesion and being beneficial to prolonging the retention time of plant growth regulators on the leaf surface. When rainwater washes the leaf surface, the washing resistance mainly depends on the flexibility and chemical bonding ability of the microcapsule wall. The hydroxyl groups and ether bonds in modified cellulose can form hydrogen bonds with the leaf surface, and the flexible microcapsule wall can adapt to the irregularity of the leaf surface by deforming, reducing the shedding caused by washing. Therefore, it has good anti-washing performance and leaf surface adhesion.

[0118] Test Example 3

[0119] Ultraviolet stability test

[0120] The chemical name of chlormequat chloride is 2-chloro-N,N,N-trimethylethanaminium chloride, and its molecular structure contains some chemical bonds sensitive to ultraviolet light. Under the action of ultraviolet light, these chemical bonds may undergo reactions such as breaking, resulting in the destruction of the chemical structure of chlormequat chloride, and then losing its original physiological activity and function, and undergoing degradation. The extract of Moringa oleifera leaves contains various bioactive components, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, proteins, polysaccharides and other components. Under long-term ultraviolet irradiation, the molecular structures of some active components in the extract of Moringa oleifera leaves will be weakened or broken under the action of ultraviolet light, leading to changes in their chemical properties, and then affecting the overall composition and activity of the extract, and undergoing degradation. Under the action of ultraviolet light, the plant growth regulator chlormequat chloride and the extract of Moringa oleifera leaves will undergo degradation, thus affecting their plant growth regulation effect and being not conducive to increasing the yield of figs. To test the ultraviolet stability of plant growth regulators in each example and comparative example, the following tests are carried out:

[0121] Take 1 mL of the sprinkler fluids prepared in Examples 4 - 6 and Comparative Example 1 respectively, and then dilute them with 5 mL of deionized water, which are recorded as the groups of Examples 4 - 6 and Comparative Example 1 respectively; expose the samples of each group to a 36 W ultraviolet lamp (254 nm) at a distance of 20 cm for 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h, and test the stability of each group against ultraviolet radiation. Set 5 parallel experiments for each group. Finally, analyze the content of chlormequat chloride in each group at different irradiation times by high - performance liquid chromatography and calculate its degradation rate according to the change in content, and test the ultraviolet stability of the plant growth regulators in each example and comparative example; the test results are averaged, and the specific situation is shown in Table 3.

[0122] Table 3

[0123]

[0124] As can be seen from Table 3, by comparing Examples 4 - 6 and Comparative Example 1, it is found that the degradation rate of chlormequat chloride in Examples 4 - 6 with plant growth regulator microcapsules added to the sprinkler fluid is significantly lower than that in Comparative Example 1 with plant growth regulator added to the sprinkler fluid, indicating that compared with plant growth regulators, preparing plant growth regulators into microcapsules is more conducive to improving the ultraviolet stability of plant growth regulators; the reason for the analysis is that the wall material of the microcapsules prepared in the present invention itself has certain chemical stability, can absorb or scatter ultraviolet rays, thereby reducing the damage of ultraviolet rays to the internal active ingredients. Therefore, the microencapsulated plant growth regulators are protected by the wall during spraying, reducing the inactivation of the active ingredients caused by light degradation and having better ultraviolet stability.

[0125] By comparing Examples 4 - 6, it is found that the degradation rate of chlormequat chloride in Example 4 is lower than that in Examples 5 - 6, indicating that in the preparation process of plant growth regulator microcapsules, the effect of introducing modified cellulose to prepare the wall material to improve the ultraviolet stability of plant growth regulators is better than that of hydroxyethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose. The reason for the analysis may be that compared with hydroxyethyl cellulose or carboxymethyl cellulose, the octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether structure introduced in modified cellulose contains a benzene ring, which can absorb part of the ultraviolet rays, thereby reducing the direct action of ultraviolet rays on the internal active ingredients. At the same time, the hydrophobic group in the octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether structure of modified cellulose can reduce the penetration of moisture, thereby reducing the possibility of photocatalytic degradation and improving the stability of the microcapsules, and thus having better ultraviolet stability.

Claims

1. A fig planting method capable of increasing yield, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Seedling selection and greenhouse selection: Seedling selection: select high-quality fig seedlings with well-developed root systems, strong branches and free of pests and diseases; Greenhouse selection: select a plot with flat terrain, good drainage, sufficient sunlight, loose and fertile soil to build a greenhouse; (2) Land preparation: Level the land and loosen the soil with a rotary tiller for later use; before planting, make ridges with a width of 2.4-2.8m, dig furrows between ridges with a width of 0.3-0.5m and a depth of 0.3-0.4m, add 300-350kg of chicken manure or 130-150kg of peanut bran per mu and mix with the soil, and cover with 8-12cm of soil; in which, add 10-15kg of superphosphate per mu for alkaline soil and 10-15kg of lime per mu for acidic soil; (3) Planting at the right time: Plant in mid-March to early April in spring or in late October to mid-November in autumn; Soak the seedlings in clean water for 12-24 hours; Dip the root-pruned fig seedlings in 100-200 mg / L potassium indolebutyrate aqueous solution for 3-5 seconds and then take them out; Dig a planting hole with a diameter of 25-30 cm and a depth of 30-35 cm before planting, then transplant the seedlings into the planting hole to allow the roots to stretch, fill the soil and compact it, and water it thoroughly to allow the roots to settle. The spacing between rows and plants is 3.0 m × 0.8 m; (4) Shaping and pruning: Choose the low-trunk open-heart shape or straight-line shape shaping method to shape and prune the seedlings, cultivate them into a low-trunk open-heart shape or straight-line tree shape, control the crown height, promote the growth of side branches, expand the crown area, and increase the number of fruiting mother branches; (5) Management of greenhouses: According to the growth of fig trees, greenhouse management includes the time of covering and removing the film, temperature and humidity control in the greenhouse, irrigation, fertilization, weeding, and pest and disease control; (6) Timely harvesting: Harvesting begins when a small hole appears on the top of the fruit, the fruit color becomes darker, the skin becomes soft, and there is an obvious ring-shaped crack at the base of the fruit stalk. Harvesting should be done in the morning or evening.

2. The fig planting method capable of increasing yield as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (1), the fig variety is selected as Bojihong or Masiyi·Taufin; the fig seedlings are selected as 1-2 year old strong fig seedlings, with a seedling height of ≥80cm, a trunk diameter of ≥1.0cm, a root diameter of ≥0.2cm, at least 6 lateral roots, a lateral root length of ≥18cm, no splitting of the root and trunk, and no shrinkage of the epidermis.

3. The fig planting method capable of increasing yield as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The time control of covering the greenhouse and removing the film in step (5) includes facility-driven cultivation and facility-delayed cultivation; wherein, facility-driven cultivation: after the figs have passed dormancy and the outside temperature drops to -5°C, the greenhouse is covered to raise the temperature; after early May, when the night temperature is not lower than 15°C, the straw curtains or greenhouse blankets are removed; after early June, when the open field temperature rises to a temperature that can meet the normal growth and fruiting temperature of the figs, the greenhouse film is removed; facility-delayed cultivation: after September, when the lowest temperature drops to 15°C, the greenhouse film is covered, and later as the temperature drops, straw curtains or greenhouse blankets are added to ensure the normal ripening of autumn fruits; the harvest period is delayed to early December, and the vents are opened to put the plants in the greenhouse into dormancy.

4. The fig planting method capable of increasing yield as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature and humidity control in the greenhouse in step (5) includes facility-induced cultivation and facility-delayed cultivation; wherein, in facility-induced cultivation: the daytime temperature is maintained at 15-20°C and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 9-11°C during the warming and germination period; after 15 days, the temperature in the greenhouse is gradually increased, the daytime temperature is maintained at 25-30°C, and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 14-16°C by covering with straw mats or blankets; the daytime temperature during the new shoot growth period is maintained at 25-30°C and the nighttime temperature is maintained at 13-15°C; the maximum daytime temperature during the fruit expansion period does not exceed 32°C, and the greenhouse film can be gradually removed in the later stage to enter the open-field production mode; in facility-delayed cultivation: the maximum temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to be no more than 32°C and the minimum is no less than 15°C, with the optimum temperature being 20-30°C to promote the ripening of autumn fruits in the later stage.

5. The fig planting method capable of increasing yield as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (5), the irrigation frequency and period are determined according to the soil moisture conditions, including germination watering, new shoot rapid growth period irrigation, and summer fruit swelling period irrigation. Watering is performed 4-5 times a year, and the soil is loosened in time after irrigation. Irrigation is performed by drip irrigation or micro-sprinkler irrigation.

6. The fig planting method capable of increasing yield as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The operation of fertilizing in step (5) is as follows: follow the principle of "thin fertilizer and frequent application"; fig topdressing should be carried out before the vigorous growth of new shoots in early spring and before the rapid expansion of spring fruits, summer fruits and autumn fruits, with an application rate of 12-14 kg of urea, 10-13 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 9-11 kg of potassium oxide per mu. Watering is required after fertilization. When fertilizing, a furrow is opened 40-60 cm away from the main trunk for fertilization; at the same time, foliar topdressing is carried out in combination with spraying pesticides during the growing season, the time is before 10 am and after 4 pm, and nitrogen fertilizer is mainly sprayed in the early growth stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are mainly sprayed in the later stage. Foliar topdressing is prohibited within 20 days before harvesting.

7. The fig planting method capable of increasing yield as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In step (5), weeding is performed manually or with chemical herbicides that are safe for figs, and the floor of the greenhouse is kept clean. In step (5), pest control is performed by setting insect-proof nets and yellow boards when no disease occurs, and by physical means of pest control. When a disease occurs, diseased branches and leaves are removed, and pests and eggs are killed manually, and targeted biological pesticides or chemical pesticides are used for control.

8. The fig planting method capable of increasing yield as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that: The fertilization operation also includes spraying irrigation liquid: when the fig grows from budding to 10 nodes, plant growth regulator microcapsules are mixed with water at a mass ratio of 1:1000 to prepare irrigation liquid; artificial or mechanical irrigation is used to spray the fig leaves, and the spraying is performed 2-3 times in a row, with a spraying amount of 10-20 mL / plant each time, and the interval is 7-10 days; wherein, the time for spraying the irrigation liquid is 10:00-14:00 on the same day.

9. The fig planting method capable of increasing yield as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The method for preparing the plant growth regulator microcapsules comprises the following steps, measured by weight: S1. Add 8-12 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan and 8-12 parts of oxidized starch to 40-55 parts of water, and stir at 300-400 rpm for 15-30 min to obtain a mixed solution A; add 10-13 parts of glycidyl methacrylate and 1-2 parts of initiator tert-butyl peroxybenzoate to the mixed solution A, and stir at 80-90° C. and 400-500 rpm for 5-10 h, then add 3-5 parts of cellulose material at 80-90° C. and 400-500 rpm, and continue stirring for 5-8 h to obtain a capsule wall material; S2, mixing 0.5-1 parts of plant growth regulator with 5-10 parts of water, stirring at 100-300rpm for 15-25min, then adding 2-5 parts of porous starch, stirring at 100-300rpm for 6-10h, to obtain a mixed solution B; then adding 5-10 parts of capsule wall material and 10-20 parts of acetone prepared in the above step S1 to the mixed solution B, stirring at 100-300rpm for 10-15h, to obtain a mixed solution C; then mixing the mixed solution C with an isopropanol solution 4-8 times its volume, continuing to stir, and bathing in water at 45-55°C to precipitate microcapsules, filtering, washing and drying to obtain plant growth regulator microcapsules; In step S1, the cellulose material is selected from at least one of hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and modified cellulose; In step S2, the plant growth regulator is selected from one or two of chlormequat chloride and Moringa leaf extract.

10. The fig planting method capable of increasing yield as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that: The preparation method of the modified cellulose comprises the following steps, calculated by weight: 2-6 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose are mixed with 10-20 parts of dichloromethane to obtain solution a; 0.5-2 parts of octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether are mixed with 4-10 parts of dichloromethane to obtain solution b; solution b is added to solution a and mixed and stirred evenly, 0.05-0.2 parts of p-toluenesulfonic acid are added, and mixed and reacted at 60-70° C. for 4-6 hours to obtain a mixture; the mixture is poured into a 90-95wt% ethanol aqueous solution with a weight of 8-10 times the total weight of the mixture to precipitate the product, and then centrifuged to collect the precipitate, wash the precipitate with ethanol for 2-3 times, and then wash it with water for 1-2 times, and place it at 40-50° C. to vacuum dry for 5-8 hours to obtain modified cellulose.

Images