Vegetable seedling substrate and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a vegetable seedling substrate and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste recycling and soilless culture, the vegetable seedling substrate comprises the following raw materials by volume: 70-80% of cow dung-straw powder composted material, 5-15% of volcanic rock, 5-10% of vermiculite and 5-10% of perlite; uniformly mixing the cow dung-straw powder composted material, the volcanic rock, the vermiculite and the perlite according to the volume percentage, so as to obtain the vegetable seedling culture substrate. The preparation method is simple and easy to implement, and the production cost can be remarkably reduced; besides, the seedling culture substrate prepared by the method has the characteristics of good air permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention, the problems of poor water retention and air permeability of the existing seedling culture substrate are solved, and the adopted raw materials are all wastes, are economical and practical, are very low in manufacturing cost, and are beneficial to energy conservation and environment protection; in addition, by using the substrate to culture vegetables, vegetable root systems can better absorb nutrients, and the service life and strength of the root systems can be increased. The method is suitable for seedling of various vegetables.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of recycling of agricultural waste and soilless cultivation, and particularly relates to a vegetable seedling-raising substrate, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] The beef cattle industry in China has developed rapidly, and the scale of beef cattle breeding has also increased year by year. The pollution of cow dung waste that has not been effectively treated or has been improperly treated to the environment has become increasingly serious. Therefore, how to effectively recycle and utilize cow dung is the top priority at present. Especially in recent years, the guiding opinions of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs on stabilizing the development of beef cattle and the implementation of beef cattle projects in many provinces have led to a rapid increase in the amount of livestock and poultry sewage, and there is an urgent need for effective treatment methods. One effective solution is the composting treatment of cow dung.

[0003] In addition, a large amount of peat, perlite, vermiculite, etc. are used in a certain proportion as solid substrates in seedling production. Peat is an organic mineral resource formed by the transformation and accumulation of dead plant residues in swamps. It is rich in organic matter and fiber, loose and porous, with good air permeability and water permeability. It is a good crop cultivation substrate and is widely used in agricultural production. However, its mining and transportation costs are relatively high, and peat is a non-renewable resource. A large amount of mining also has an irreversible impact on the ecological environment.

[0004] Therefore, how to make good use of local organic waste resources (such as cow dung) according to local conditions and develop solid substrates with low cost and good use effects has become the top priority for the development of facility agriculture in China. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a vegetable seedling-raising substrate, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. The seedling-raising substrate is prepared by using cow dung-straw powder compost as the main material and volcanic rock, vermiculite, and perlite as auxiliary materials, so as to make the production method simple and easy to operate, significantly reduce the production cost, realize the recycling of waste, reduce environmental pollution, and have great economic and ecological effects.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] One of the technical solutions of the present invention:

[0008] A vegetable seedling-raising substrate, by volume percentage, comprises the following raw materials:

[0009] 70-80% cow dung-straw powder compost, 5-15% volcanic rock, 5-10% vermiculite, 5-10% perlite.

[0010] Beneficial effects: The present invention uses the decomposed material of cow dung - straw powder as the main material, and volcanic rock, vermiculite, and perlite as auxiliary materials to prepare a solid substrate, which has excellent water - holding capacity, air permeability, and buffering property, and has good supporting performance, relatively high internal nutrients, and no pathogenic bacteria for plants, making it a suitable seedling - raising substrate for soilless cultivation of vegetables.

[0011] Among them, the present invention makes full use of the products obtained by decomposing the solid waste cow dung and straw, providing sufficient nutrients for the seedling - raising substrate to replace the peat moss, which is a non - renewable resource in the existing seedling - raising substrate, and saving mineral resources to a great extent.

[0012] Volcanic rock has a small density, stable performance, rich trace element content, and a loose and porous physical structure, making it an ideal raw material for the seedling - raising substrate.

[0013] Vermiculite is a light - weight and expandable ore with excellent water - retaining capacity, which can effectively retain water and reduce the irrigation frequency; moreover, vermiculite also has good air permeability, which helps the root respiration; in addition, vermiculite has a certain buffering effect on the acidity and alkalinity, which can help stabilize the pH value of the substrate and provide a relatively stable growth environment for plants.

[0014] Perlite has a very high porosity, which can significantly improve the air permeability of the substrate; and due to its loose structure, perlite helps prevent the substrate from being compacted, maintains a good physical structure, and is beneficial to root expansion.

[0015] In summary, the present invention scientifically compounded the four raw materials according to the above volume percentages to prepare a seedling - raising substrate with excellent physical properties and suitable for vegetable cultivation.

[0016] Optionally, the vegetable seedling - raising substrate, by volume percentage, comprises the following raw materials:

[0017] 75% decomposed material of cow dung - straw powder, 15% volcanic rock, 5% vermiculite, 5% perlite.

[0018] Optionally, the vegetable seedling - raising substrate, by volume percentage, comprises the following raw materials:

[0019] 80% decomposed material of cow dung - straw powder, 10% volcanic rock, 5% vermiculite, 5% perlite.

[0020] Optionally, the vegetable seedling - raising substrate, by volume percentage, comprises the following raw materials:

[0021] 70% decomposed material of cow dung - straw powder, 15% volcanic rock, 7.5% vermiculite, 7.5% perlite.

[0022] Optionally, the particle sizes of the volcanic rock, vermiculite, and perlite are all 1 - 3 mm.

[0023] Optionally, the preparation process of the cow dung - straw powder matured material is as follows:

[0024] In a greenhouse or plastic greenhouse, add a microbial inoculant to the mixture of cow dung and straw powder for composting fermentation and pulverization to obtain the cow dung - straw powder matured material.

[0025] Furthermore, the volume ratio of the cow dung to the straw powder is 6:1.

[0026] Furthermore, the straw powder is corn straw powder with a particle size < 3 cm.

[0027] Furthermore, the microbial inoculant is a Bacillus megaterium agent with an effective viable count of 10 billion CFU / g and an addition amount of 0.05% of the total volume of the above four raw materials.

[0028] Furthermore, the parameter conditions that need to be controlled during the composting fermentation process are:

[0029] The moisture content is 50 - 60%, the oxygen content is 5 - 15%, and the C / N ratio is 25 - 30.

[0030] Furthermore, the specific operation during the composting fermentation process is as follows:

[0031] In the initial stage of fermentation (before the compost pile is formed, after adding the microbial inoculant), turn the pile once every 4 days, and turn the pile 2 - 3 times;

[0032] In the middle stage of fermentation (from the end of the initial stage of fermentation to before the fermentation temperature reaches 55 - 65 °C), turn the pile once every 2 days, and turn the pile 4 - 5 times;

[0033] In the later stage of fermentation (after the fermentation temperature reaches 55 - 65 °C), turn the pile once every 6 days, and turn the pile 1 - 2 times;

[0034] Finally, stack it for more than 10 days before it can be used;

[0035] Among them, the total fermentation time of the composting fermentation is 35 - 45 days.

[0036] The second technical solution of the present invention:

[0037] A method for preparing a vegetable seedling - raising substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0038] Mix the cow dung - straw powder matured material, volcanic rock, vermiculite, and perlite evenly according to the above volume percentages to obtain the vegetable seedling - raising substrate.

[0039] Beneficial effects: The preparation method of the present invention is simple and easy to implement, and can significantly reduce production costs; in addition, most of the raw materials used are solid wastes, realizing the recycling of wastes, reducing environmental pollution, and having great economic and ecological effects.

[0040] The third technical solution of the present invention:

[0041] The application of the above vegetable seedling-raising substrate in soilless cultivation of vegetables.

[0042] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art in which solid substrates are used for soil seed cultivation, the vegetable seedling-raising substrate of the present invention is used in the field of soilless cultivation and shows stronger adaptability and controllability in terms of the accuracy of nutrient supply, water management, root oxygen supply, pest and disease control, and automation level.

[0043] Optionally, the vegetables include spinach and rape.

[0044] Optionally, the soilless cultivation process is as follows:

[0045] Place the vegetable seedling-raising substrate in a seedling tray, and then sow vegetable seeds in the seedling tray for seedling raising.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0047] The seedling-raising substrate prepared by the method of the present invention has good air permeability, water retention, and fertilizer retention characteristics, overcomes the problems of poor water retention and air permeability of the existing seedling-raising substrates, and the raw materials used are all waste materials, which are economical and have very low production costs, and are beneficial to energy conservation and environmental protection.

[0048] During soilless cultivation, using the substrate of the present invention to raise vegetable seedlings can improve the seed germination rate, and at the same time, it can not only promote the growth of the above-ground part of the vegetables (plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, and dry weight), but also enhance the growth indexes of the underground part (root length, fresh weight, and dry weight). Description of the Drawings

[0049] The drawings constituting a part of the present invention are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments and descriptions thereof of the present invention are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation to the present invention. In the drawings:

[0050] Figure 1 It is a growth picture of rape cultivated for 30 days using the vegetable seedling-raising substrate prepared in Example 2. Detailed Embodiments

[0051] The various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation to the present invention, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0052] It should be understood that the terms used in the present invention are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Each intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0053] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to those documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0054] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific embodiments of the present invention specification, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments obtained from the specification of the present invention are obvious to those skilled in the art. The specification and examples of the present invention are merely exemplary.

[0055] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. herein, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0056] An embodiment of the present invention provides a vegetable seedling-raising substrate, which is composed of the following raw materials by volume percentage: cow dung-straw powder (volume ratio 6:1) 70-80%, volcanic rock with a particle size of 1-3 mm 5-15%, vermiculite 5-10%, and perlite 5-10%.

[0057] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a preparation method of a vegetable seedling-raising substrate, which includes the following steps:

[0058] (1) Fermentation and decomposition of raw materials: Mix cow dung and straw powder according to a volume ratio of 6:1, carry out composting fermentation, add a microbial inoculant (Bacillus megaterium) before the compost pile takes shape, then stir evenly, and ferment at room temperature for 35-45 days until decomposed. Obtain the decomposed product, pulverize it, and sieve it to obtain the decomposed fermentation material, that is, the cow dung-straw powder decomposed material;

[0059] (2) Pulverization of raw materials:

[0060] Pulverize the volcanic rock to 1-3 mm; pulverize the vermiculite to 1-3 mm; pulverize the perlite to 1-3 mm;

[0061] (3) Mixing: Mix the crushed volcanic rock, vermiculite, perlite with the decomposed fermentation material obtained in step (1) evenly to obtain a vegetable seedling-raising substrate.

[0062] In some alternative embodiments, the specific operations during the composting fermentation process are as follows:

[0063] In the initial stage of fermentation (before the compost pile takes shape, after adding the microbial inoculant), turn the pile once every 4 days, and turn the pile 2 - 3 times;

[0064] In the middle stage of fermentation (from after the initial stage of fermentation to before the fermentation temperature reaches 55 - 65°C), turn the pile once every 2 days, and turn the pile 4 - 5 times;

[0065] In the later stage of fermentation (after the fermentation temperature reaches 55 - 65°C), turn the pile once every 6 days, and turn the pile 1 - 2 times;

[0066] Finally, stack and let it stand for more than 10 days before use; wherein, the total fermentation time of the composting fermentation is 35 - 45 days.

[0067] In the present invention, the "room temperature" refers to 20 - 30°C unless otherwise specified.

[0068] All raw materials used in the present invention are obtained by purchasing from the market. The Bacillus megaterium agent is purchased from Guangxi Kanglv Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; the commercially available peat seedling-raising substrate is purchased from Jilin Hengtong Ecological Agriculture Technology Development Co., Ltd.; the commercially available other seedling-raising substrates (a general nutrient soil rich in organic matter) are purchased from Kun Ning Wang (Liaoning) Agriculture Co., Ltd.

[0069] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below through examples.

[0070] Example 1

[0071] A vegetable seedling-raising substrate is composed of the following raw materials by volume percentage:

[0072] 70% cow dung-straw powder decomposed material, 15% volcanic rock (particle size 1 - 3 mm), 7.5% vermiculite, 7.5% perlite;

[0073] The preparation method of the above vegetable seedling-raising substrate includes the following steps:

[0074] (1) In a plastic greenhouse (ambient temperature 30°C), mix cow dung and corn straw powder (particle size < 3 cm) at a mass ratio of 6:1, add the Bacillus megaterium agent (effective viable count is 10 billion CFU / g; the addition amount is 0.05% of the total mass of cow dung and corn straw powder), then stir evenly, and then carry out composting fermentation (total fermentation time is 42 days). After obtaining the decomposed product, crush it and pass through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain the cow dung-straw powder decomposed material;

[0075] Among them, during the composting fermentation process, the moisture content is controlled at 55%, the oxygen content is 10%, and the C / N ratio is 25;

[0076] The specific operation during the composting fermentation process is as follows:

[0077] In the initial stage of fermentation (before the compost pile is formed, after adding the microbial inoculant), the compost pile is turned over every 4 days and turned over 2 times;

[0078] In the middle stage of fermentation (from the end of the initial stage of fermentation to before the fermentation temperature reaches 65°C), the compost pile is turned over every 2 days and turned over 4 times;

[0079] In the later stage of fermentation (after the fermentation temperature reaches 65°C), the compost pile is turned over every 6 days and turned over 1 time; finally, it is stacked and left standing for 20 days, that is, the total composting fermentation time is 42 days;

[0080] (2) Crush the volcanic rock to a particle size of 1 - 3 mm; crush the vermiculite to a particle size of 1 - 3 mm; crush the perlite to a particle size of 1 - 3 mm;

[0081] (3) Mix the volcanic rock, vermiculite, and perlite crushed in step (2) with the cow dung - straw powder matured material prepared in step (1) evenly according to the above volume percentages to obtain a vegetable seedling - raising substrate.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] A method for preparing a vegetable seedling - raising substrate, the difference from Example 1 is that

[0084] The volume percentages of the raw materials are: 75% cow dung - straw powder matured material, 15% volcanic rock with a particle size of 1 - 3 mm, 5% vermiculite, and 5% perlite.

[0085] Other preparation steps and preparation parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0086] Example 3

[0087] A method for preparing a vegetable seedling - raising substrate, the difference from Example 1 is that

[0088] The volume percentages of the raw materials are: 80% cow dung - straw powder matured material, 10% volcanic rock (with a particle size of 1 - 3 mm), 5% vermiculite, and 5% perlite.

[0089] Other preparation steps and preparation parameters are the same as those in Example 1.

[0090] Comparative Example 1

[0091] The commercially available peat seedling - raising substrate is purchased from Jilin Hengtong Ecological Agriculture Technology Development Co., Ltd.

[0092] Comparative Example 2

[0093] The other commercially available seedling-raising substrates were purchased from Kunningwang (Liaoning) Agricultural Co., Ltd.

[0094] Among them, the physical properties of the vegetable seedling-raising substrate in Example 1, the peat seedling-raising substrate in Comparative Example 1, and the other commercially available seedling-raising substrate in Comparative Example 2 are shown in Table 1:

[0095] Table 1

[0096]

[0097] It can be seen from Table 1 that the total porosity and water-holding porosity of the vegetable seedling-raising substrate prepared in Example 1 of the present invention are relatively close to those of the commercially available peat seedling-raising substrate, and are much higher than those of the other commercially available seedling-raising substrates. That is, the vegetable seedling-raising substrate prepared in Example 1 of the present invention overcomes the problems of poor water-holding property and air permeability of the existing commercially available seedling-raising substrates.

[0098] Effect verification

[0099] Application Example 1

[0100] The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Changchun National Agricultural High-tech Zone Base of the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The mixed seedling-raising substrates in Example 1, the peat seedling-raising substrate, and the commercially available seedling-raising substrate were respectively placed in 32-hole plastic seedling-raising trays. The pre-prepared vegetable (spinach) seeds were sown in the trays. The seedling-raising cycle was 30 days. The temperature during the whole seedling-raising period was 21°C - 29°C. After 25 days of seedling-raising, the emergence rate, plant height, stem diameter, root length and other indicators of spinach seedlings were measured. Among them, the peat seedling-raising substrate and the commercially available high-quality peat seedling-raising substrate were used as controls. The specific measurement results are shown in Table 2:

[0101] Table 2 Growth indicators of spinach grown with the vegetable seedling-raising substrate in Example 1, the peat seedling-raising substrate, and the commercially available seedling-raising substrate

[0102]

[0103] It can be seen from Table 2 that the various indicators of the vegetable seedlings grown with the vegetable seedling-raising substrate prepared in Example 1 of the present invention are similar to those of the vegetables grown with the peat seedling-raising substrate. Therefore, it can be used as a complete substitute for the peat seedling-raising substrate in soilless cultivation, not only reducing the consumption of peat and avoiding the over-exploitation of organic mineral resources, but also effectively using waste solid wastes such as cow dung and straw as raw materials, turning waste into treasure, and obtaining a solid substrate with low production cost and excellent seedling-raising effect; in addition, the various indicators of the vegetable seedling-raising substrate prepared in the present invention are significantly better than those of the commercially available seedling-raising substrates.

[0104] Application Example 2

[0105] The vegetable seedling-raising substrate prepared in Example 2 was used to cultivate rape. The cultivation process was as follows:

[0106] The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Changchun National Agricultural High-tech Zone Base of the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The mixed seedling medium of Example 2 was placed in a 32-hole plastic seedling tray, and the prepared vegetable (rapeseed) seeds were sown in the tray. The seedling period was 30 days.

[0107] in Figure 1 This is a growth diagram of rapeseed after 30 days of seedling cultivation using the vegetable seedling cultivation matrix prepared in Example 2 of the present invention. It can be seen from the figure that the rapeseed seedlings are growing healthily, with bright green leaves and no obvious signs of diseases and insect pests; and the seedlings are of uniform height, indicating that the matrix provides a good growth environment, which is conducive to the uniform growth of the seedlings.

[0108] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A vegetable seedling raising substrate, characterized in that: According to volume percentage, it includes the following raw materials: 70-80% cow dung-straw powder decomposed material, 5-15% volcanic rock, 5-10% vermiculite, 5-10% perlite.

2. A vegetable seedling raising matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle sizes of the volcanic rock, vermiculite and perlite are all 1-3 mm.

3. A vegetable seedling raising matrix according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation process of the cow dung-straw powdered compost is as follows: In a greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse, a microbial agent is added to a mixture of cow dung and straw powder for composting, fermentation and crushing to obtain cow dung-straw powder mature material.

4. A vegetable seedling raising matrix according to claim 3, characterized in that: The volume ratio of the cow dung to the straw powder is 6:

1.

5. A vegetable seedling raising matrix according to claim 3, characterized in that: The microbial agent is Bacillus megaterium, the effective viable bacteria count of which is 10 billion CFU / g, and the added amount is 0.05% of the total volume of the above four raw materials.

6. A vegetable seedling raising matrix according to claim 3, characterized in that: The parameters that need to be controlled during the composting fermentation process are: The moisture content is 50-60%, the oxygen content is 5-15%, and the C / N ratio is 25-30.

7. A vegetable seedling raising matrix according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific operations in the composting fermentation process are: In the early stage of fermentation, turn the pile every 4 days, 2-3 times; In the middle stage of fermentation, turn the pile every 2 days, 4-5 times; In the late fermentation period, turn the pile every 6 days, 1-2 times; Finally, the pile is left to stand for more than 10 days; Wherein, the total fermentation time of the compost fermentation is 35-45 days.

8. A method for preparing a vegetable seedling substrate, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The vegetable seedling medium according to any one of claims 1 to 7 can be obtained by uniformly mixing the cow dung-straw powder, volcanic rock, vermiculite and perlite according to volume percentage.

9. Use of the vegetable seedling raising substrate as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 in the field of vegetable soilless culture.

10. The use of the vegetable seedling raising substrate according to claim 9 in the field of vegetable soilless cultivation, characterized in that: The vegetables include spinach and rapeseed.

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