Pseudosciaena crocea feed containing turmeric powder and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a larimichthys crocea feed containing turmeric powder and a preparation method of the larimichthys crocea feed. The larimichthys crocea feed is prepared from turmeric, fish meal, vital gluten, flour, fish oil, soybean oil, soybean lecithin, monocalcium phosphate, a vitamin premix and a mineral premix. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the components, putting the mixture into an automatic granulator to prepare feed particles with the particle size of 2.3-2.6 mm, and naturally air-drying the feed particles to obtain the finished product of the large yellow croaker feed. Compared with the prior art, the feed formula is balanced in nutrition, the turmeric powder is added into the traditional feed, the specific growth rate of the large yellow croaker can be remarkably increased, the breeding yield is further increased, the blood fat level of the large yellow croaker is reduced while the growth of the large yellow croaker is improved, and the healthy development of the large yellow croaker breeding industry is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of fish farming technology and feed additive technology, and particularly relates to a large yellow croaker feed containing turmeric powder and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), commonly known as the yellow croaker, belongs to the class Osteichthyes, order Perciformes, family Sciaenidae, and genus Larimichthys. Because of its golden body color, auspicious meaning, delicate meat, delicious taste, and rich nutrition, it is deeply loved by the people of our country and is the seawater fish species with the highest aquaculture output in our country. In 2023, the output of large yellow croakers in our country reached as high as 280,000 tons. At present, large yellow croakers are mainly cultured in cages, mainly concentrated in the eastern coastal areas such as Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Shandong, among which Fujian is the core aquaculture area, and the fish output accounts for more than 85%. With the continuous expansion of the aquaculture scale, various problems such as aquaculture density, aquaculture environment, and feed quality have emerged continuously, resulting in frequent outbreaks of large yellow croaker diseases. At the same time, due to the widespread use of high-fat feeds, a large amount of fat is deposited in the fish body, especially in the liver, and the incidence of hepatobiliary syndromes such as fatty liver and intestinal diseases is relatively high. Once the disease occurs, it often causes large-scale deaths. To prevent and control the increasingly serious diseases of large yellow croakers, it is crucial to solve problems such as the abuse of antibiotics, environmental pollution, and drug residues. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a large yellow croaker feed containing turmeric powder and a preparation method thereof, which can be used to solve the defects such as the susceptibility of large yellow croakers to fatty liver in the prior art and realize the improvement of the quality of cultured large yellow croakers.

[0004] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: A large yellow croaker feed containing turmeric powder, characterized in that, by weight parts, the composition of the large yellow croaker feed is as follows: including 0.95 - 1.05 parts of turmeric powder, 44 - 46 parts of fish meal, 14 - 16 parts of wheat gluten powder, 30 - 33 parts of flour, 2 - 2.5 parts of fish oil, 1 - 2 parts of soybean oil, 1 - 2 parts of soy lecithin, 1 - 2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 - 1.5 parts of vitamin premix, and 0.5 - 1.5 parts of mineral premix.

[0005] Among them, in every 1000 parts of the vitamin premix, by weight, it includes the following components: 2 - 2.5 parts of vitamin A, 22 - 23 parts of vitamin B2, 11 - 13 parts of vitamin B6, 0.02 - 0.04 parts of vitamin B12, 7 - 8 parts of vitamin B1, 7 - 8 parts of vitamin K3, 3.5 - 4 parts of folic acid, 2.5 - 3.5 parts of vitamin H, 70 - 80 parts of vitamin E, 230 - 250 parts of inositol, 35 - 40 parts of calcium pantothenate, 50 - 70 parts of niacin, 230 - 250 parts of choline chloride, 0.040 - 0.041 parts of vitamin D3, 20 - 22 parts of vitamin C, and the balance is the filler zeolite powder.

[0006] Among them, in every 1000 parts of the mineral premix, by weight, it includes the following components: 370 - 390 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.3 - 0.5 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 50 - 55 parts of potassium chloride, 0.3 - 0.5 parts of potassium iodide, 25 - 30 parts of sodium chloride, 0.2 - 0.25 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.2 - 0.25 parts of cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, 8 - 10 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.2 - 0.4 parts of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 32 - 40 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 90 - 100 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and the balance is the filler zeolite powder.

[0007] A preparation method of a large yellow croaker feed containing turmeric powder, characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: Dissolve soy lecithin in fish oil and mix evenly.

[0009] Step 2: Pre - crush the other components except soy lecithin and fish oil and pass through a 60 - mesh sieve. Accurately weigh each component by weight. After mixing each component evenly from small to large by weight, add it to the mixture of soy lecithin and fish oil in Step 1 and mix evenly. Finally, add 38 - 42% of the total weight of the large yellow croaker feed of water and mix evenly.

[0010] Step 3: Put the feed raw materials mixed in Step 2 into an automatic granulator to make feed pellets with a particle size of 2.3 - 2.6 mm, and air - dry naturally to obtain the finished product of the large yellow croaker feed.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0012] 1. The feed formula of the present invention is nutritionally balanced. By adding turmeric powder to the traditional feed, it can significantly improve the specific growth rate of large yellow croakers, thereby increasing the aquaculture yield. At the same time, while improving the growth of large yellow croakers, it reduces the blood lipid level of large yellow croakers and promotes the healthy development of the large yellow croaker aquaculture industry.

[0013] 2. The raw materials used in the large yellow croaker feed provided by the present invention are sufficient in source and can all be obtained commercially. Moreover, as the improvement ingredient, turmeric powder is cheap, easy to obtain, and can be produced on a large scale. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0014] Figure 1 Effects of feed formulas corresponding to different embodiments on lipid deposition in the liver of large yellow croaker. Detailed Embodiments

[0015] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the description of the drawings:

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained below through examples, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by any form of the examples.

[0017] All the nutrients in the large yellow croaker formula of the present invention can be obtained commercially. Here, the present invention makes a detailed description of each nutrient, which can be used as the preferred technical solution or the further preferred technical solution or the most preferred technical solution of the present invention.

[0018] A large yellow croaker feed containing turmeric powder, in parts by weight, the composition of the large yellow croaker feed is as follows: including 1 part of turmeric powder, 45 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of wheat gluten powder, 31.23 parts of flour, 2.23 parts of fish oil, 1.54 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of soy lecithin, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of vitamin premix, and 1 part of mineral premix.

[0019] Among them, every 1000 g of the above vitamin premix contains 2.25 g of vitamin A, 22.5 g of vitamin B2, 12 g of vitamin B6, 0.03 g of vitamin B12, 7.5 g of vitamin B1, 7.5 g of vitamin K3, 3.75 g of folic acid, 3 g of vitamin H, 75 g of vitamin E, 240 g of inositol, 37.5 g of calcium pantothenate, 60 g of niacin, 240 g of choline chloride, 0.0405 g of vitamin D3, 21 g of vitamin C, and the rest is the filler zeolite powder.

[0020] Every 1000 g of the above mineral premix contains: 379 g of calcium carbonate, 0.4 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 53 g of potassium chloride, 0.4 g of potassium iodide, 26 g of sodium chloride, 0.2 g of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.2 g of cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, 9 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.3 g of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 35 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 98 g of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and the rest is the filler zeolite powder.

[0021] The above fish meal (crude protein content 67%), wheat gluten (crude protein content 78.2%), flour (food grade), calcium dihydrogen phosphate (feed grade), vitamin premix (fish vitamin premix), mineral premix (fish mineral premix), fish oil (food grade), soybean oil (food grade), and soy lecithin (food grade) were all purchased from Fuzhou Dachang Feed Co., Ltd. The turmeric powder was purchased from Handan Tianxu Natural Pigment Co., Ltd.

[0022] A preparation method of a large yellow croaker feed containing turmeric powder comprises the following steps:

[0023] Step 1: Dissolve soy lecithin in fish oil and mix well.

[0024] Step 2: Crush the other components except soy lecithin and fish oil in advance and pass through a 60-mesh sieve. Weigh each component accurately according to the weight parts. After mixing each component from small to large by weight step by step, add the mixture of soy lecithin and fish oil in Step 1 and mix well. Finally, add 40% of the total weight of the large yellow croaker feed of water and mix well.

[0025] Step 3: Put the feed raw materials mixed in Step 2 into an automatic granulator to make feed pellets with a particle size of 2.5 mm, and air-dry naturally to obtain the finished product of the large yellow croaker feed.

[0026] Based on the above ratio relationship, adjust and prepare control experiments, including a feed formula without turmeric powder, a feed formula containing curcumin, and a formula with 1 part weight of turmeric powder adjusted. Among them, to ensure that the weights are basically equivalent, when the weight of turmeric powder is increased or decreased, the corresponding weight of flour is also adjusted accordingly. That is, for every increase or decrease in the weight of turmeric powder, the weight of flour is decreased or increased by the same amount. The ratio relationship in the vitamin premix and mineral premix does not change.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Prepare a traditional basic feed without adding turmeric powder

[0029] The large yellow croaker feed of this example is made from the following raw materials in weight fraction ratio: 45 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of wheat gluten, 31.23 parts of flour, 2.23 parts of fish oil, 1.54 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of soy lecithin, 1.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of vitamin premix, and 1 part of mineral premix.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] Add 0.04 parts of curcumin in weight fraction ratio to the basic feed in Example 1, and reduce the flour by the same weight fraction ratio accordingly

[0032] That is, the large yellow croaker feed of Example 2 is made from raw materials in the following weight fraction ratio: 0.04 parts of curcumin, 45 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of wheat gluten, 31.19 parts of flour, 2.23 parts of fish oil, 1.54 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of soy lecithin, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of vitamin premix, and 1 part of mineral premix.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] Add 0.5 parts of turmeric powder in the basic feed of Example 1, and correspondingly reduce the flour by the same weight fraction ratio.

[0035] The large yellow croaker feed of this example is made from raw materials in the following weight fraction ratio: 0.5 parts of turmeric powder, 45 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of wheat gluten, 30.73 parts of flour, 2.23 parts of fish oil, 1.54 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of soy lecithin, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of vitamin premix, and 1 part of mineral premix.

[0036] The preparation method of the large yellow croaker feed is the same as that of Example 1.

[0037] Example 4

[0038] Add 1 part of turmeric powder in the basic feed of Example 1, and correspondingly reduce the flour by the same weight fraction ratio.

[0039] The large yellow croaker feed of this example is made from raw materials in the following weight fraction ratio: 1 part of turmeric powder, 45 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of wheat gluten, 30.23 parts of flour, 2.23 parts of fish oil, 1.54 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of soy lecithin, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of vitamin premix, and 1 part of mineral premix.

[0040] Example 5

[0041] Add 1.5 parts of turmeric powder in the basic feed of Example 1, and correspondingly reduce the flour by the same weight fraction ratio.

[0042] The large yellow croaker feed of this example is made from raw materials in the following weight fraction ratio: 1.5 parts of turmeric powder, 45 parts of fish meal, 15 parts of wheat gluten, 29.73 parts of flour, 2.23 parts of fish oil, 1.54 parts of soybean oil, 1.5 parts of soy lecithin, 1.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 1 part of vitamin premix, and 1 part of mineral premix.

[0043] The feed formulas and their nutritional compositions described in Examples 1 to 5 are shown in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1 Feed raw material ratio table of Examples 1 to 5 (calculated by weight percentage content of the total feed weight)

[0045] Raw materials (parts) Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Fish meal 45 45 45 45 45 Flour 31.23 31.19 30.73 30.23 29.73 Gluten powder 15 15 15 15 15 Fish oil 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.23 2.23 Soybean oil 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.54 Soybean lecithin 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Vitamin premix 1 1 1 1 1 Mineral premix 1 1 1 1 1 Curcumin 0 0.04 0 0 0 Turmeric powder 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 Nutritional composition (dry matter%) Moisture 9.37 9.41 9.36 9.42 9.45 Crude protein 45.34 45.36 45.38 45.46 45.52 Crude fat 10.75 10.68 10.72 10.69 10.65 Crude ash 9.18 9.20 9.27 9.32 9.35

[0046] Aquaculture experimental design:

[0047] Select 1200 large yellow croakers with an initial body weight of 33.78 ± 0.45 g and randomly distribute them into 15 floating cages (1.5 m × 1.5 m × 1.5 m) on the sea surface. There are 80 large yellow croakers in each cage. Every 3 cages are randomly assigned to feed with the feed formulas in Examples 1 - 5. The aquaculture experiment lasts for 8 weeks. Feed once at 6:00 and 17:00 every day until full (when the fish do not scramble for food after feeding and there is a small amount of residual bait left, it is considered full). Clean and record the number of dead large yellow croakers in each cage every day. After the experiment, calculate the survival rate, measure the body weight of each fish, calculate the weight gain rate, hepatosomatic index, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency, and detect the serum lipid metabolism biochemical indexes.

[0048] Table 2 shows the survival rate, weight gain rate, hepatosomatic index, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency of large yellow croakers in Examples 1 to 5. The results show that there is no significant difference in the survival rate among Examples 1 to 5 (P > 0.05). The weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency of Examples 4 and 5 are significantly higher than those of Examples 1, 2, and 3 (P < 0.05). The hepatosomatic index of Example 4 is significantly lower than that of Examples 1, 2, 3, and 5 (P < 0.05). It shows that adding a certain amount of turmeric powder to the basic large yellow croaker feed is beneficial to the growth of large yellow croakers and reduces liver fat deposition.

[0049] Table 2 Effects of feed formulas with different turmeric powder contents on the growth of large yellow croakers

[0050] Group Survival rate (%) Weight gain rate (%) Hepatosomatic index (%) Specific growth rate (%) Feed efficiency (%) Example 1 92.08±2.57 <![CDATA[93.47±10.09 c > <![CDATA[3.26±0.14 a > <![CDATA[0.95±0.03 c > <![CDATA[0.37±0.01 c > Example 2 93.75±1.25 <![CDATA[114.47±11.32 b > <![CDATA[2.52±0.05 bc > <![CDATA[1.22±0.05 b > <![CDATA[0.45±0.03 b > Example 3 93.75±2.68 <![CDATA[105.05±13.79 b > <![CDATA[2.82±0.30 b > <![CDATA[1.07±0.09 c > <![CDATA[0.44±0.02 b > Example 4 94.58±1.18 <![CDATA[128.85±3.164 a > <![CDATA[2.40±0.18 c > <![CDATA[1.40±0.04 a > <![CDATA[0.50±0.03 a > Example 5 93.33±2.12 <![CDATA[127.51±7.84 a > <![CDATA[2.50±0.22 bc > <![CDATA[1.39±0.09 a > <![CDATA[0.41±0.03 b >

[0051] Note: Different letters in the same column in the table represent significant differences (P < 0.05).

[0052] Table 3 shows the effects of Examples 1 to 5 on the serum biochemical indexes of large yellow croakers. The results show that the total cholesterol and triglyceride of Examples 4 and 5 are significantly lower than those of Examples 1, 2, and 3. The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of Example 1 is significantly higher than that of Examples 2 to 5. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of Examples 2, 4, and 5 is significantly higher than that of Examples 1 and 3 (P < 0.05). It shows that adding turmeric powder to the basic large yellow croaker feed can reduce the blood lipid level of large yellow croakers.

[0053] Table 3 Effects of feed formulas with different turmeric powder contents on the blood lipid level of large yellow croakers

[0054] Group Total cholesterol (mmol / L) Triglyceride (mmol / L) Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol / L) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol / L) Example 1 15.07±0.16a 1.91±0.16a 6.50±0.25a 0.78±0.07d Example 2 11.46±0.32c 1.16±0.10b 5.38±0.03b 1.32±0.07b Example 3 13.31±0.22b 1.71±0.14a 5.64±0.21b 1.04±0.07c Example 4 6.65±0.49e 0.58±0.08c 5.18±0.43b 1.47±0.01b Example 5 10.73±0.43d 0.78±0.03c 5.17±0.26b 1.71±0.07a

[0055] Note: Different letters in the same column of the table represent significant differences (P<0.05).

[0056] Figure 1 It is the effect of feed formulas with different turmeric powder contents on the lipid deposition in the liver of large yellow croaker. The results show that the liver lipid droplet area in Example 4 is significantly lower than that in Example 1, Example 2, Example 3 and Example 5.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some of the technical features. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A large yellow croaker feed containing turmeric powder, characterized in that: The large yellow croaker feed is composed of the following parts by weight: 0.95-1.05 parts of turmeric powder, 44-46 parts of fish meal, 14-16 parts of gluten, 30-33 parts of flour, 2-2.5 parts of fish oil, 1-2 parts of soybean oil, 1-2 parts of soybean lecithin, 1-2 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-1.5 parts of vitamin premix, and 0.5-1.5 parts of mineral premix.

2. The large yellow croaker feed containing turmeric powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: Every 1000 parts of the vitamin premix includes the following components by weight: 2-2.5 parts of vitamin A, 22-23 parts of vitamin B2, 11-13 parts of vitamin B6, 0.02-0.04 parts of vitamin B12, 7-8 parts of vitamin B1, 7-8 parts of vitamin K3, 3.5-4 parts of folic acid, 2.5-3.5 parts of vitamin H, 70-80 parts of vitamin E, 230-250 parts of inositol, 35-40 parts of calcium pantothenate, 50-70 parts of niacin, 230-250 parts of choline chloride, 0.040-0.041 parts of vitamin D3, 20-22 parts of vitamin C, and the balance is filler zeolite powder.

3. The large yellow croaker feed containing turmeric powder according to claim 1, characterized in that: Every 1000 parts of the mineral premix includes the following components by weight: 370-390 parts of calcium carbonate, 0.3-0.5 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 50-55 parts of potassium chloride, 0.3-0.5 parts of potassium iodide, 25-30 parts of sodium chloride, 0.2-0.25 parts of copper sulfate pentahydrate, 0.2-0.25 parts of cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, 8-10 parts of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, 0.2-0.4 parts of manganese sulfate monohydrate, 32-40 parts of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 90-100 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and the balance is filler zeolite powder.

4. A method for preparing a large yellow croaker feed containing turmeric powder according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Dissolve soy lecithin in fish oil and mix well; Step 2: Pre-crush the other components except soybean lecithin and fish oil and pass them through a 60-mesh sieve, accurately weigh each component by weight, mix each component step by step from small to large in weight, add the soybean lecithin and fish oil mixture in step 1 and mix thoroughly, finally add 38-42% of the total weight of yellow croaker feed water and mix thoroughly; Step 3: Put the feed raw materials mixed in step 2 into an automatic granulator to make feed particles with a particle size of 2.3-2.6 mm, and naturally air-dry them to obtain the finished product of the large yellow croaker feed.

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