Warship bow icebreaking device and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ship icebreaking, and discloses a ship bow icebreaking device and a working method thereof.The ship bow icebreaking device comprises a ship bow, a foldable icebreaking device comprises a first rotating shaft vertically arranged and rotationally connected with the interior of the ship bow, a telescopic second rotating shaft with one end rotationally connected with the first rotating shaft and the other end fixedly connected with a shell and the shell; the second rotating shaft is arranged along the advancing direction of the ship; the gravity adjusting device comprises a water storage tank and a water suction pump which are arranged in the ship bow, a water suction hole formed in the ship side and a water drainage hole formed in the ship bow; the water suction pump is connected with the water storage tank through a pipeline, and the water storage tank is further connected with the drainage hole through a drainage pipe. According to the novel ship bow icebreaking device, the icebreaking capacity can be improved, the weight of the ship bow can be dynamically adjusted through the water storage tank and the water suction pump system, seawater is sucked in to increase the weight of the ship bow during icebreaking operation, and the vertical pressure of the icebreaking hoe on an ice layer is increased according to the gravity crushing type icebreaking principle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ship icebreaking, and particularly to a bow icebreaking device and its working method. Background Art

[0002] An icebreaker is a service ship used to break the ice on the water surface, open a route, and ensure that ships can smoothly enter and exit ice-bound ports. Icebreakers usually have their bows, sterns, and waterlines thickened to protect the hull structure during icebreaking. Currently, existing icebreakers mainly use continuous icebreaking and ramming icebreaking. When the ice layer is thick, the ship cannot directly break through the ice layer. Icebreakers often make the bow rush onto the ice layer to crush the ice layer. However, when the ice layer is thick, due to insufficient force perpendicular to the ice surface, the ice layer cannot be crushed, making the icebreaker easily get stuck in the ice layer. If a thicker ice layer is to be crushed, increasing the weight of the bow may cause the center of gravity of the ship to be unstable, seriously affecting the seaworthiness of the ship. At the same time, the large impact generated during icebreaking will also cause greater damage to the hull structure. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In order to solve the problem in the above-mentioned prior art that when the ice layer is thick, the ship cannot crush the ice layer, and if the weight of the bow is increased, it will cause the center of gravity of the ship to be unstable, the present invention proposes a bow icebreaking device and its working method, which adopt a combination of a water storage tank, an icebreaking hoe, and a high-frequency vibration module. When the ship needs to perform icebreaking operations, seawater is inhaled to increase the volume of the liquid in the water storage tank to increase the weight of the bow, and at the same time, the icebreaking hoe is deployed to reduce the force-bearing area and increase the pressure to perform gravity crushing icebreaking. At the same time, the high-frequency vibration of the high-frequency vibration module is used to transmit mechanical waves in the ice layer, reducing the overall compressive strength of the ice layer, achieving the purpose of icebreaking and protecting the bow structure of the ship; when the ship is sailing normally, the water storage tank is empty, and the icebreaking hoe is housed inside the bow section, without affecting the normal navigation of the ship.

[0004] The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: including a bow, and also including a foldable icebreaking device and a gravity adjustment device. The foldable icebreaking device includes a first rotating shaft vertically arranged and rotatably connected inside the bow, a telescopic second rotating shaft with one end rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft and the other end fixedly connected to a housing, and the housing. The second rotating shaft is arranged along the traveling direction of the ship; the gravity adjustment device includes a water storage tank and a water pump arranged inside the bow, a water suction hole arranged on the ship's side, and a drain hole arranged on the bow; the water suction hole is connected to the water pump through a water suction pipe, the water pump is connected to the water storage tank through a pipeline, and the water storage tank is also connected to the drain hole through a drain pipe.

[0005] As a further preference, the first rotating shaft is also fixedly connected to the first baffle through a crossbeam, the shell is fixedly connected to the second baffle on the side close to the ship's side, the outer structure of the first baffle and the second baffle is consistent with the hull line, and a drainage switch is provided on the drain pipe.

[0006] As a further preference, the foldable ice-breaking device further comprises an ice-breaking hoe, which is movably connected to the shell and is arranged on a side of the shell away from the second baffle.

[0007] As a further preference, a vibration module is distributed on the surface of the icebreaker hoe, the icebreaker hoe is made of gradient composite material, the vibration module is isolated from the gradient composite material layer by a flexible buffer pad, the vibration module is provided with overload protection, and the vibration module has three working modes, namely, a high-frequency and low-amplitude mode with a frequency of 20-30kHz and an amplitude of 0.5-1mm, corresponding to a thin ice layer with a thickness of ≤1m; a medium-frequency and medium-amplitude mode with a frequency of 10-15kHz and an amplitude of 2-3mm, corresponding to a medium ice layer with a thickness of 1-2m; a low-frequency and high-amplitude mode with a frequency of 5-8kHz and an amplitude of 5-8mm, corresponding to a thick ice layer with a thickness of ≥2m.

[0008] As a further preference, the bow icebreaking device also includes a controller arranged inside the bow and an external camera, and the controller is respectively connected to the camera, the drainage switch, the water pump and the vibration module through signal lines.

[0009] As a further preference, a sealing structure is provided between the first baffle, the second baffle and the hull.

[0010] As a further preference, the foldable ice-breaking devices are preferably provided in two groups, which are symmetrically arranged along the traveling direction of the ship.

[0011] As a further preference, a latch is provided at one end of the icebreaker hoe connected to the shell, and a groove of a certain depth is provided on one side of the shell that is connected to the icebreaker hoe and extends to the inside of the shell.

[0012] As a further preference, the rotation range of the first rotation axis is 0° to 90° in the horizontal direction, and the rotation range of the second rotation axis is 0° to 90° in the vertical direction.

[0013] The present invention also provides a working method applicable to the bow icebreaking device of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: When the ship is sailing in normal waters, the first baffle and the second baffle are tightly closed, the water storage tank is empty, and the foldable icebreaker is stored inside the bow;

[0015] Step 2: When the ship needs to break ice, the first rotating shaft rotates outward towards the bow of the ship, driving the first baffle to rotate inward towards the bow of the ship. The second rotating shaft rotates outward towards the bow of the ship, and then the second rotating shaft stretches away from the bow of the ship and rotates in the vertical direction, driving the housing and the second baffle to be perpendicular to the ice surface, and the ice-breaking hoe presses against the ice layer.

[0016] Step 3: The camera captures the image of the ice layer and sends it to the controller. After the controller judges the thickness of the ice layer, it sends corresponding control signals to the water pump and the vibration module.

[0017] Step 4: The water pump starts to work, sucking seawater from the water suction holes on both sides of the bow into the water storage tank through the water suction pipe, and the vibration module continuously outputs mechanical waves.

[0018] Step 5: After breaking the ice layer, the water pump is turned off, and the drain switch on the drain pipe is opened. The seawater in the water storage tank is discharged from the bow through the drain pipe via the drain hole, and the bow rushes onto the subsequent unbroken ice layer under the action of the ship's thrust.

[0019] Step 6: When the water storage tank is emptied and the bow floats up and resets, the vibration module maintains a low-frequency vibration of 3 - 5 kHz.

[0020] Step 7: By repeating Steps 2 to 6, the effect of continuous ice breaking is achieved.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. The novel bow ice-breaking device provided by the present invention can improve the ice-breaking ability. The weight of the bow is dynamically adjusted through the water storage tank and the water pump system: seawater is inhaled during ice-breaking operations to increase the weight of the bow, and the vertical pressure of the ice-breaking hoe on the ice layer is increased using the gravity crushing ice-breaking principle; after ice-breaking is completed, the water storage tank is emptied to reduce the weight of the bow for quick reset. At the same time, supplemented by the high-frequency vibration of the high-frequency vibration module, mechanical waves are transmitted in the ice layer, which helps to break the ice layer structure and reduce the overall compressive strength of the ice layer. This design breaks through the limitations of traditional icebreakers relying on ramming and is especially suitable for thick ice layer scenarios.

[0023] 2. The bow ice-breaking device provided by the present invention can effectively protect the hull structure. By adopting the vibration-gravity crushing method to replace the traditional ramming ice-breaking method, the direct impact between the hull and the ice layer is reduced, and the risk of hull structure damage is lowered; when the ice-breaking device is not in operation, it is completely housed inside the bow, avoiding wear or collision of external components during navigation. At the same time, during normal navigation, the water storage tank is empty and the baffle is closed tightly, ensuring the streamlined design of the hull, reducing navigation resistance and energy consumption; the housing state of the ice-breaking device does not affect the maneuverability and stability of the ship, ensuring seaworthiness.

[0024] 3. The bow icebreaker device provided by the present invention can also flexibly adapt to a variety of working conditions. The icebreaker device is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the bow. The main and auxiliary rotation axes provide multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment (horizontal rotation 0°-90°, vertical extension), and the icebreaking angle and depth can be accurately adjusted. The icebreaker hoe cooperates with the shell slot through the card to support multi-level depth adjustment to adapt to ice layers of different thicknesses. The water suction holes and drainage holes are distributed on both sides of the bow, and the fast-response pumping and drainage system is used to achieve dynamic balance of the bow weight. Continuous and efficient operation is achieved through the cycle process of "absorb water and increase weight - crush and break ice - drain water and reduce weight - reset and propel", continuous icebreaking can be achieved without frequent start and stop, which improves operation efficiency and shortens navigation time in ice areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the bow icebreaking device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure contraction of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Top view of the .

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Top view of the .

[0030] Indicated in the figure:

[0031] 1. Bow; 2. First baffle; 3. Second baffle; 4. Suction hole; 5. Drain hole; 6. Suction pipe; 7. Drain pipe; 8. Drain switch; 9. Water pump; 10. Water tank; 11. First rotating shaft; 12. Second rotating shaft; 13. Shell; 14. Icebreaker; 15. Vibration module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Advantages and features of the present invention will be illustrated and explained by the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments thereof, which are given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the present invention provides a bow icebreaker device, comprising a bow 1 and a foldable icebreaker device. The foldable icebreaker device can be freely unfolded and retracted. When the foldable icebreaker device is unfolded, the internal icebreaker can be extended out of the bow 1, so that the icebreaker knocks the ice layer to break the ice; when the foldable icebreaker device is retracted, it can perfectly fit with the bow 1 to prevent fluids such as seawater from entering the bow 1, thereby causing corrosion damage to parts inside the bow 1.

[0034] likeFigures 1 to 3 As shown, the foldable icebreaker device includes a first rotating shaft 11 rotatably connected to the bow 1, the first rotating shaft 11 is vertically arranged, and is respectively connected to the first baffle 2 and the second rotating shaft 12. The first rotating shaft 11 is fixedly connected to the first baffle 2 through a crossbeam, and the first rotating shaft 11 is rotatably connected to the second rotating shaft 12. The first rotating shaft 11 can rotate in the horizontal direction, and the rotation range is 0° to 90°. The second rotating shaft 12 is arranged along the traveling direction of the ship, and the other end of the second rotating shaft 12 is fixedly connected to the shell 13. The second rotating shaft 12 can be extended and retracted in the horizontal direction, and can be rotated in the vertical direction, and the rotation range is 0° to 90°. The shell 13 is fixedly connected to the side close to the ship. The outer structure of the first baffle 2 and the second baffle 3 is consistent with the hull line. When the ship is not performing icebreaking operations, the first baffle 2 and the second baffle 3 are tightly closed to close the hull, ensuring the streamline of the hull and not affecting the normal navigation of the ship. Sealing measures are provided between the first baffle plate 2, the second baffle plate 3 and the hull, which is prior art and will not be described in detail in the present invention.

[0035] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the foldable ice-breaking devices are preferably in two groups, which are symmetrically arranged along the traveling direction of the ship.

[0036] The foldable ice-breaking device further includes an ice-breaking hoe 14, which is movably connected to the housing 13. The ice-breaking hoe 14 is arranged on the side of the housing 13 away from the second baffle 3. A latch is arranged at one end of the ice-breaking hoe 14 connected to the housing 13, and correspondingly, a groove of a certain depth is arranged inside the housing 13 on one side of the housing 13 connected to the ice-breaking hoe 14; the ice-breaking hoe 14 can be adjusted to the target depth and fixed by the engagement of the latch on the ice-breaking hoe 14 and the groove on the housing 13, and the ice-breaking hoe 14 can be retracted into the housing 13 when ice-breaking is not needed. The ice-breaking hoe 14 is preferably made of a gradient composite material.

[0037] like Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, a gravity regulating device is also provided inside the bow 1, and the gravity regulating device can adjust the weight of the bow 1 so as to increase the ballast of the bow 1 on the ice layer, and can destroy thicker ice layers. The gravity regulating device includes a water storage tank 10 and a water pump 9 arranged inside the bow 1, a water suction hole 4 arranged on the ship's side, and a drainage hole 5 arranged on the bow 1. The water suction hole 4 is connected to the water pump 9 through a water suction pipe 6, and the water pump 9 is connected to the water storage tank 10 through a pipeline. The water storage tank 10 is also connected to the drainage hole 5 through a drainage pipe 7. In order to better control the amount of water in the water storage tank 10, a drainage switch 8 can be provided on the drainage pipe 7, and the drainage switch 8 is turned on when drainage is required, and the drainage switch 8 is turned off when drainage is not required.

[0038] Preferably, the bow icebreaker device further includes a controller arranged inside the bow 1 and an external camera. The surface of the icebreaker hoe 14 is provided with a vibration module 15, which adopts an embedded design and is isolated from the gradient composite material layer by a flexible buffer pad to reduce stress concentration. At the same time, vibration overload protection is set: when the ice layer is abnormally hard and causes the load of the vibration module 15 to exceed the threshold, the frequency is automatically reduced or shut down, and an alarm is triggered. The dual redundant vibration unit design allows the backup unit to take over seamlessly when a single module fails to ensure continuous operation. Through the above design, the vibration module 15 and gravity collapse to form a "dynamic resonance icebreaking" effect, further reducing the compressive strength of the ice layer, while reducing the mechanical wear of the icebreaker hoe 14 and extending its service life. The controller is respectively connected to the camera, the drainage switch 8, the water pump 9 and the vibration module 15 through signal lines. The controller judges the thickness of the ice layer through the image taken by the camera, and then sends the corresponding control signal to the water pump 9 and the vibration module 15 to control the pumping efficiency of the water pump 9 and the vibration frequency and amplitude of the vibration module 15.

[0039] like Figure 1 As shown, when the icebreaker 14 is adjusted to the target depth by the card falcon and against the ice layer, the vibration module 15 is automatically activated. The vibration frequency is dynamically adjusted by the controller according to the thickness of the ice layer: the thin ice layer (≤1m) adopts the high-frequency low-amplitude mode (frequency 20-30kHz, amplitude 0.5-1mm) to quickly weaken the surface structure of the ice layer. Medium ice layer (1-2m): switch to the medium-frequency medium-amplitude mode (frequency 10-15kHz, amplitude 2-3mm) to expand the internal cracks. Thick ice layer (≥2m): Enable the low-frequency high-amplitude mode (frequency 5-8kHz, amplitude 5-8mm), and cooperate with gravity crushing to form deep crushing. The vibration parameters are fed back in real time by the sensor The ice layer resistance data is automatically optimized by the controller. At the same time, in coordination with the pump 9, the start of the vibration module 15 is synchronized with the pump 9: the vibration module 15 starts when absorbing water and increasing weight, and pauses when draining water and reducing weight. The vibration intensity increases linearly with the water volume in the water storage tank 10, ensuring the superposition of gravity crushing and vibration energy to avoid resonance interference.

[0040] The present invention also provides a working method applicable to the bow icebreaking device of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: When the ship is sailing in normal waters, the first baffle 2 and the second baffle 3 are closed, the water storage tank 10 is empty, and the foldable ice-breaking device is stored inside the bow 1 without affecting the normal navigation of the ship.

[0042] Step 2: When the ship is sailing in an ice area and the ice is thick, the ship cannot directly break through the ice. It is necessary to adjust the ballast water of the bow 1 and the stern of the ship so that the bow 1 rushes onto the ice. At this time, the first rotating shaft 11 rotates toward the outside of the bow 1, driving the first baffle 2 to rotate toward the inside of the bow 1, and the second rotating shaft 12 rotates toward the outside of the bow 1. Then, the second rotating shaft 12 stretches away from the bow 1 and rotates 90° in the vertical direction, driving the shell 13 and the second baffle 3 to be perpendicular to the ice surface. By adjusting the latch on the icebreaker hoe 14, the icebreaker hoe 14 keeps moving downward until the icebreaker hoe 14 hits the ice layer.

[0043] Step 3: The camera takes an image of the ice layer and sends it to the controller. After the controller determines the thickness of the ice layer, it sends a corresponding control signal to the water pump 9 and the vibration module 15.

[0044] Step 4, the water pump 9 starts working and sucks seawater from the suction pipe 6 into the water tank 10 through the suction holes 4 on both sides of the bow 1. As the amount of seawater in the water tank 10 increases, the weight of the bow 1 increases. When the icebreaker 14 is pressed into the ice layer, the vibration module 15 continuously outputs mechanical waves to expand the microcracks inside the ice layer.

[0045] Step 5, after breaking the ice layer, the water pump 9 is turned off, and the drainage switch 8 on the drainage pipe 7 is turned on. The seawater in the water tank 10 is discharged from the bow 1 through the drainage pipe 7 via the drainage hole 5 under the action of gravity. At this time, the weight of the bow 1 is reduced, and the bow 1 rushes onto the subsequent unbroken ice layer under the action of the ship's thrust.

[0046] Step 6: When the water storage tank 10 is emptied and the bow 1 floats up and resets, the vibration module 15 maintains low-frequency vibration (3-5kHz) to remove residual broken ice and avoid jamming;

[0047] Step 7: Repeat steps 2 to 6 to achieve continuous ice-breaking effect.

[0048] In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may also have other implementation modes. Any technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation shall fall within the protection scope required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A bow icebreaker device, comprising a bow (1), characterized in that: The invention also comprises a foldable ice-breaking device and a gravity regulating device, wherein the foldable ice-breaking device comprises a first rotating shaft (11) vertically arranged and rotatably connected to the bow (1), a retractable second rotating shaft (12) having one end rotatably connected to the first rotating shaft (11) and the other end fixedly connected to the shell (13), and the shell (13), wherein the second rotating shaft (12) is arranged along the traveling direction of the ship; the gravity regulating device comprises a water storage tank (10) and a water pump (9) arranged inside the bow (1), a water suction hole (4) arranged on the ship's side, and a drainage hole (5) arranged on the bow (1); the water suction hole (4) is connected to the water pump (9) through a water suction pipe (6), the water pump (9) is connected to the water storage tank (10) through a pipeline, and the water storage tank (10) is also connected to the drainage hole (5) through a drainage pipe (7).

2. The bow icebreaker device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first rotating shaft (11) is also fixedly connected to the first baffle (2) via a crossbeam; the shell (13) is fixedly connected to a second baffle (3) on the side close to the ship's side; the outer structures of the first baffle (2) and the second baffle (3) are consistent with the hull lines; and a drainage switch (8) is provided on the drainage pipe (7).

3. The bow icebreaker device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The foldable ice-breaking device further comprises an ice-breaking hoe (14), which is movably connected to the housing (13) and is arranged on a side of the housing (13) away from the second baffle (3).

4. The bow icebreaker device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A vibration module (15) is distributed on the surface of the icebreaker hoe (14). The icebreaker hoe (14) is made of a gradient composite material. The vibration module (15) is isolated from the gradient composite material layer by a flexible buffer pad. The vibration module (15) is provided with overload protection. The vibration module (15) has three working modes, namely, a high-frequency low-amplitude mode with a frequency of 20-30kHz and an amplitude of 0.5-1mm, corresponding to a thin ice layer with a thickness of ≤1m; a medium-frequency medium-amplitude mode with a frequency of 10-15kHz and an amplitude of 2-3mm, corresponding to a medium ice layer with a thickness of 1-2m; and a low-frequency high-amplitude mode with a frequency of 5-8kHz and an amplitude of 5-8mm, corresponding to a thick ice layer with a thickness of ≥2m.

5. The bow icebreaker device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bow icebreaking device also includes a controller arranged inside the bow (1) and an external camera, wherein the controller is respectively connected to the camera, the drainage switch (8), the water pump (9) and the vibration module (15) through signal lines.

6. The bow icebreaker device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A sealing structure is provided between the first baffle plate (2), the second baffle plate (3) and the hull.

7. The bow icebreaker device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The foldable ice-breaking devices are preferably provided in two groups, which are symmetrically arranged along the traveling direction of the ship.

8. The bow icebreaker device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A hook is provided at one end of the icebreaker hoe (14) connected to the shell (13), and a groove of a certain depth is provided at one side of the shell (13) connected to the icebreaker hoe (14) and extending to the inside of the shell (13).

9. The bow icebreaker device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotation range of the first rotation axis (11) is 0° to 90° in the horizontal direction, and the rotation range of the second rotation axis (12) is 0° to 90° in the vertical direction.

10. A working method for the bow icebreaker device according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: When the ship is sailing in normal waters, the first baffle (2) and the second baffle (3) are tightly closed, the water storage tank (10) is empty, and the foldable ice-breaking device is stored inside the bow (1); Step 2: When the ship needs to break ice, the first rotating shaft (11) rotates toward the outside of the bow (1), driving the first baffle (2) to rotate toward the inside of the bow (1), and the second rotating shaft (12) rotates toward the outside of the bow (1). Then, the second rotating shaft (12) stretches in a direction away from the bow (1) and rotates in a vertical direction, driving the shell (13) and the second baffle (3) to be perpendicular to the ice surface, and the icebreaker (14) is pressed against the ice layer; Step 3: The camera takes an image of the ice layer and sends it to the controller. After the controller determines the thickness of the ice layer, it sends a corresponding control signal to the water pump (9) and the vibration module (15); Step 4: The water pump (9) starts to work, and the seawater is sucked into the water storage tank (10) through the water suction holes (4) on both sides of the bow (1) through the water suction pipe (6), and the vibration module (15) continuously outputs mechanical waves; Step 5: After the ice layer is broken, the water pump (9) is turned off, and the drainage switch (8) on the drainage pipe (7) is turned on, so that the seawater in the water storage tank (10) is discharged from the bow (1) through the drainage pipe (7) and the drainage hole (5), and the bow (1) rushes onto the subsequent unbroken ice layer under the action of the ship's thrust; Step 6: When the water storage tank (10) is emptied and the bow (1) floats up and resets, the vibration module (15) maintains a low-frequency vibration of 3-5 kHz; Step 7: Repeat steps 2 to 6 to achieve continuous ice-breaking effect.

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