Solid hydrogen storage system and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of solid hydrogen storage, and discloses a solid hydrogen storage system and application thereof. The solid-state hydrogen storage system comprises a solid-state hydrogen storage module, a pressure reduction module, an atomization module and a heat exchange medium circulation module, and the solid-state hydrogen storage module is detachably communicated with other modules. Therefore, the solid-state hydrogen storage system is disassembled into the solid-state hydrogen storage module, the pressure reduction module, the atomization module and the heat exchange medium circulation module, so that the solid-state hydrogen storage system is modularized, distributed modular arrangement of the solid-state hydrogen storage system is facilitated, and the solid-state hydrogen storage system is very suitable for promoting urban hydrogen energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid-state hydrogen storage, and particularly to a solid-state hydrogen storage system and its application. Background Art

[0002] Solid-state hydrogen storage technology is an important technology for promoting urban hydrogen energy storage in the urbanization of hydrogen energy. Solid-state hydrogen storage materials have characteristics such as high volume density, low operating pressure, and heat release during hydrogen charging. The temperature rise during hydrogen charging will hinder further hydrogen release. Therefore, an efficient thermal management solution is the basis for promoting the popularization of solid-state hydrogen storage technology.

[0003] Currently, the thermal management solutions in solid-state hydrogen storage technology are mainly water (oil) bath heat exchange and air-cooled heat exchange. Both of the above heat exchange solutions have disadvantages such as large floor area and inflexible layout, which hinder the popularization of small distributed hydrogen energy storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage system and its application to solve the problems such as large floor area and inflexible layout in the related solid-state hydrogen storage system.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage system, which includes:

[0006] A solid-state hydrogen storage module for storing hydrogen, including a housing and a plurality of solid-state hydrogen storage units arranged inside the housing; a pressure reduction module interface, an atomization module interface, a heat exchange medium inlet, and a heat exchange medium outlet are provided on the housing;

[0007] A pressure reduction module, detachably and hermetically connected to the pressure reduction module interface, for creating a negative pressure environment inside the housing;

[0008] An atomization module, detachably and hermetically connected to the atomization module interface, for releasing heat exchange medium mist into the housing;

[0009] A heat exchange medium circulation module, provided with a high-temperature heat exchange medium outlet and a cooling heat exchange medium inlet. The high-temperature heat exchange medium outlet is detachably and hermetically connected to the heat exchange medium inlet, and the cooling heat exchange medium inlet is detachably and hermetically connected to the heat exchange medium outlet, for injecting high-temperature heat exchange medium into the housing and recovering the cooling heat exchange medium generated inside the housing.

[0010] In an optional embodiment, the pressure reduction module is connected to the pressure reduction module interface through a first pipeline, and a first valve is provided on the first pipeline;

[0011] And / or, the atomization module is connected to the atomization module interface through a second pipeline, and a second valve is provided on the second pipeline;

[0012] And / or, the high-temperature heat exchange medium outlet is communicated with the heat exchange medium inlet through a third pipeline, and a third valve is arranged on the third pipeline; the cooling heat exchange medium inlet is communicated with the heat exchange medium outlet through a fourth pipeline, and a fourth valve is arranged on the fourth pipeline.

[0013] In an alternative embodiment, the first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve are electromagnetic valves; the solid-state hydrogen storage system further includes:

[0014] A controller, electrically connected to the first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve respectively, for controlling the opening and closing of the first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve.

[0015] In an alternative embodiment, the controller is also electrically connected to the pressure reduction module, the atomization module and the heat exchange medium circulation module respectively, for controlling the opening and closing of the pressure reduction module, the atomization module and the heat exchange medium circulation module.

[0016] In an alternative embodiment, the solid-state hydrogen storage module further includes a manifold valve, and the openings of multiple solid-state hydrogen storage units are connected in series and / or in parallel and then communicated with one end of the manifold valve through a fifth pipeline.

[0017] In an alternative embodiment, a fifth valve is arranged on the fifth pipeline; the controller is also electrically connected to the fifth valve for controlling the opening and closing of the fifth valve.

[0018] In an alternative embodiment, the solid-state hydrogen storage module further includes a hydrogen outlet and a hydrogen inlet, and the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen inlet are respectively communicated with the other end of the manifold valve;

[0019] A first temperature sensor, a first pressure sensor and a mass flow meter are arranged between the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen inlet and the manifold valve; the controller is also electrically connected to the first temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor and the mass flow meter respectively.

[0020] In an alternative embodiment, a second temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a second pressure sensor and a hydrogen detector are further arranged on the inner wall of the housing;

[0021] The controller is also electrically connected to the second temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the second pressure sensor and the hydrogen detector respectively.

[0022] In an alternative embodiment, the pressure reduction module includes a vacuum device and / or a negative pressure device;

[0023] And / or, the atomization module includes an atomization device;

[0024] And / or, the heat exchange medium includes water and / or an organic heat exchange medium;

[0025] And / or, the solid hydrogen storage unit is filled with a solid hydrogen storage material, and the solid hydrogen storage material includes a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an application of the above-mentioned solid hydrogen storage system in constructing a small distributed hydrogen energy storage system.

[0027] The above technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The solid hydrogen storage system provided by the present invention includes a solid hydrogen storage module, a pressure reduction module, an atomization module, and a heat exchange medium circulation module, and the solid hydrogen storage module is detachably connected to the remaining modules. Therefore, by disassembling the solid hydrogen storage system into a solid hydrogen storage module, a pressure reduction module, an atomization module, and a heat exchange medium circulation module, the solid hydrogen storage system is modularized, which is convenient for the distributed modular layout of the solid hydrogen storage system and is very suitable for promoting the hydrogenation of cities. Description of the Drawings

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a solid hydrogen storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Description of the Reference Numerals:

[0032] 1. Solid hydrogen storage module; 2. Pressure reduction module; 3. Atomization module; 101. Housing; 102. Solid hydrogen storage unit; 103. Confluence valve; 104. Fifth valve; 105. Hydrogen storage port; 106. Hydrogen inlet; 201. First valve; 301. Second valve; 401. High-temperature heat exchange medium outlet; 402. Cooling heat exchange medium inlet; 403. Third valve; 404. Fourth valve; 5. Controller. Detailed Embodiments

[0033] The following embodiments are provided to better further understand the present invention, which is not limited to the described optimal implementation manner, and does not limit the content and protection scope of the present invention. Any product that is the same as or similar to the present invention obtained by anyone under the inspiration of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with those of other prior arts falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] For those embodiments in which specific experimental steps or conditions are not specified, the operations or conditions of the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in this field can be followed. For the reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified, they are all conventional reagent products that can be obtained through commercial purchase.

[0035] The following further describes the present invention in detail with specific embodiments, and these embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope claimed by the present invention.

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a solid-state hydrogen storage system provided by an embodiment of the present invention. As Figure 1 shown, the solid-state hydrogen storage system provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a solid-state hydrogen storage module 1, a pressure reduction module 2, an atomization module 3, and a heat transfer medium circulation module (not shown in the figure).

[0037] Among them, the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 includes a housing 101 and a plurality of solid-state hydrogen storage units 102 arranged inside the housing 101. The housing 101 is provided with a pressure reduction module interface, an atomization module interface, a heat transfer medium inlet, and a heat transfer medium outlet. The solid-state hydrogen storage unit 102 is used to store hydrogen, and can be a solid-state hydrogen storage tube or a solid-state hydrogen storage tank, and is filled with a solid-state hydrogen storage material, where the solid-state hydrogen storage material can be selected within a certain range, for example, it can be a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material. The plurality of solid-state hydrogen storage units 102 and the housing 101 can be welded into a whole. Except for the various interfaces opened on the housing 101, the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 should be ensured to be sealed without leakage points as a whole.

[0038] The pressure reduction module 2 is detachably and hermetically communicated with the pressure reduction module interface on the housing 101, and is used to create a negative pressure environment inside the housing 101. The pressure reduction module 2 can include any device capable of evacuating and reducing the pressure inside the housing 101, for example, it can be a vacuum pump or a negative pressure chamber, etc.

[0039] The atomization module 3 is detachably and hermetically communicated with the atomization module interface on the housing 101, and is used to release heat transfer medium mist into the housing 101. The atomization module 3 can include any device capable of releasing heat transfer medium mist into the housing 101, for example, it can be a high-pressure mist gun, an atomizer, etc.

[0040] The heat exchange medium circulation module is provided with a high-temperature heat exchange medium outlet 401 and a cooling heat exchange medium inlet 402. The high-temperature heat exchange medium outlet 401 is detachably and sealingly communicated with the heat exchange medium inlet on the housing 101, and the cooling heat exchange medium inlet 402 is detachably and sealingly communicated with the heat exchange medium outlet on the housing 101. The heat exchange medium circulation module is used to inject high-temperature heat exchange medium into the interior of the housing 101 and recover the cooling heat exchange medium generated inside the housing. The heat exchange medium circulation module may include common devices for heat exchange in a solid-state hydrogen storage system, which will not be elaborated here.

[0041] In the solid-state hydrogen storage system of the present invention, each component or module is standardized and matched in a modular form, overcoming the disadvantages of large floor area and inflexible layout of the existing solid-state hydrogen storage system, which is conducive to promoting the modular popularization of small distributed solid-state hydrogen storage systems. Adapted to the modular setting, the overall working principle of the solid-state hydrogen storage system is as follows:

[0042] Before the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 102 starts to absorb hydrogen, start the pressure reduction module 2 to lower the boiling point of the heat exchange medium to a threshold value (for example, ≥40°C); then start the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 102 to absorb hydrogen. During the hydrogen absorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 102, the overall outer wall of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 102 generates heat. When the outer wall temperature rises to the boiling point threshold value of the above heat exchange medium, start the atomization module to spray heat exchange medium mist into the housing 101 for real-time gasification, and at the same time keep the pressure reduction module 2 running continuously to reduce the air pressure in the housing 101, create a negative pressure environment, lower the boiling point of the heat exchange medium in the housing 101 to accelerate the gasification speed of the mist, and continuously extract the gas generated by gasification from the solid-state hydrogen storage system through the pressure reduction module 2 to achieve short-time and rapid cooling in the housing 101, and then achieve rapid hydrogen absorption of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 102.

[0043] During the hydrogen release process of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 102, the heat exchange medium circulation module injects high-temperature heat exchange medium into the housing 101 through the heat exchange medium inlet on the housing 101, and at the same time discharges the cooled heat exchange medium out of the housing 101 through the heat exchange medium outlet on the housing 101 to achieve rapid and continuous heating in the housing 101, and then achieve continuous hydrogen release of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit 102. Among them, the heat exchange medium can be selected within a certain range. For example, the heat exchange medium may include water and / or organic heat exchange media, and the organic heat exchange medium may be, for example, ether ester heat exchange media, fluorine-based heat exchange media, etc.

[0044] In an alternative embodiment, the pressure reduction module 2 is communicated with the pressure reduction module interface on the housing 101 through a first pipeline, and a first valve 201 is arranged on the first pipeline. The atomization module 3 is communicated with the atomization module interface on the housing 101 through a second pipeline, and a second valve 301 is arranged on the second pipeline. The high-temperature heat exchange medium outlet 401 is communicated with the heat exchange medium inlet on the housing 101 through a third pipeline, and a third valve 403 is arranged on the third pipeline. The cooling heat exchange medium inlet 402 is communicated with the heat exchange medium outlet on the housing 101 through a fourth pipeline, and a fourth valve 404 is arranged on the fourth pipeline. The types of each valve can be selected within a certain range. For example, the first valve 201, the second valve 301, the third valve 403, and the fourth valve 404 can all be solenoid valves.

[0045] In an alternative embodiment, the solid-state hydrogen storage system may further include a controller 5, which is electrically connected to the first valve 201, the second valve 301, the third valve 403, and the fourth valve 404 respectively, and is used to control the opening and closing of the first valve 201, the second valve 301, the third valve 403, and the fourth valve 404.

[0046] In an alternative embodiment, the controller 5 is also electrically connected to the pressure reduction module 2, the atomization module 3, and the heat exchange medium circulation module respectively, and is used to control the opening and closing of the pressure reduction module 2, the atomization module 3, and the heat exchange medium circulation module.

[0047] In an alternative embodiment, the solid-state hydrogen storage module 1 may further include a manifold valve 103. The openings of multiple solid-state hydrogen storage units 101 are connected in series and / or in parallel and then communicated with one end of the manifold valve 103 through a fifth pipeline.

[0048] In an alternative embodiment, a fifth valve 104 is arranged on the fifth pipeline; the controller 5 is also electrically connected to the fifth valve 104 and is used to control the opening and closing of the fifth valve 104.

[0049] In an alternative embodiment, the solid-state hydrogen storage module further includes a hydrogen outlet 105 and a hydrogen inlet 106, and the hydrogen outlet 105 and the hydrogen inlet 106 are respectively communicated with the other end of the manifold valve. A first temperature sensor, a first pressure sensor, and a mass flow meter may be arranged between the hydrogen outlet 105 and the hydrogen inlet 106 and the manifold valve 103; the controller 5 is also electrically connected to the first temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor, and the mass flow meter respectively.

[0050] In an alternative embodiment, a second temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a second pressure sensor, and a hydrogen detector may also be arranged on the inner wall of the housing 101 to monitor the system safety. The controller 5 is also electrically connected to the second temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the second pressure sensor, and the hydrogen detector respectively.

[0051] The controller 5 can control the operating states of the pressure reduction module 2 and the atomization module 3 during hydrogen absorption by monitoring the states of the second temperature sensor, humidity sensor, second pressure sensor, and hydrogen detector in the housing 101, and control the supply of the high-temperature heat transfer medium of the heat transfer medium circulation module during hydrogen release; it can also control the hydrogen absorption and release operations of the system by monitoring the states of the first temperature sensor, first pressure sensor, and mass flowmeter.

[0052] In a particularly preferred embodiment, the solid hydrogen storage medium filled in the solid hydrogen storage unit is a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material, because:

[0053] Among many heat transfer media, the boiling point of water decreases limitedly under reduced pressure, and the cooling effect on hydrogen storage materials with relatively low hydrogen absorption and release working temperatures is limited. While some organic heat transfer media have relatively low boiling points under normal pressure (such as ether esters, fluorine-based, etc.), and the cooling effect is better after pressure reduction, but issues such as full enclosure or environmental pollution need to be considered. Moreover, in terms of pressure reduction, it is difficult to significantly reduce the pressure inside the housing, and the energy consumption cost is also relatively high. Correspondingly, it is also difficult to significantly reduce the boiling point of the heat transfer medium. For magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials, their hydrogen absorption and release working temperatures are high (currently above 150°C), and even if the boiling point of the heat transfer medium is relatively high, a good cooling effect can still be achieved. Therefore, the solid hydrogen storage system of the present invention is particularly suitable for magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials.

[0054] During actual use, the solid hydrogen storage system of the present invention can be connected to energy utilization systems such as electrolyzer systems and water-cooled fuel cell systems to construct a small-scale distributed hydrogen energy storage system, which will not be elaborated here.

[0055] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples given for clear illustration and are not limitations on the implementation manners. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or variations can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation manners here. And the obvious changes or variations derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage system, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage system comprises: A solid-state hydrogen storage module, used for storing hydrogen, comprises a shell and a plurality of solid-state hydrogen storage units arranged inside the shell; the shell is provided with a pressure reduction module interface, an atomization module interface, a heat exchange medium inlet and a heat exchange medium outlet; A depressurization module, detachably and sealedly connected to the depressurization module interface, for creating a negative pressure environment inside the housing; an atomizing module, detachably and sealedly connected to the atomizing module interface, for releasing heat exchange medium mist into the interior of the shell; The heat exchange medium circulation module is provided with a high-temperature heat exchange medium outlet and a cooling heat exchange medium inlet. The high-temperature heat exchange medium outlet is detachably sealed and connected to the heat exchange medium inlet, and the cooling heat exchange medium inlet is detachably sealed and connected to the heat exchange medium outlet, so as to inject high-temperature heat exchange medium into the shell and recover the cooling heat exchange medium generated inside the shell.

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depressurization module is connected to the depressurization module interface via a first pipeline, and a first valve is provided on the first pipeline; And / or, the atomization module is in communication with the atomization module interface via a second pipeline, and a second valve is disposed on the second pipeline; And / or, the high-temperature heat exchange medium outlet is connected to the heat exchange medium inlet through a third pipeline, and a third valve is provided on the third pipeline; the cooling heat exchange medium inlet is connected to the heat exchange medium outlet through a fourth pipeline, and a fourth valve is provided on the fourth pipeline.

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve are solenoid valves; the solid-state hydrogen storage system further includes: A controller is electrically connected to the first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve respectively, and is used to control the opening and closing of the first valve, the second valve, the third valve and the fourth valve.

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The controller is also electrically connected to the pressure reduction module, the atomization module and the heat exchange medium circulation module respectively, and is used to control the opening and closing of the pressure reduction module, the atomization module and the heat exchange medium circulation module.

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage module further includes a confluence valve, and the openings of a plurality of the solid-state hydrogen storage units are connected in series and / or in parallel and communicate with one end of the confluence valve through a fifth pipeline.

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The fifth pipeline is provided with a fifth valve; the controller is also electrically connected to the fifth valve for controlling the opening and closing of the fifth valve.

7. The solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage module further includes a hydrogen outlet and a hydrogen inlet, wherein the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen inlet are respectively connected to the other end of the confluence valve; A first temperature sensor, a first pressure sensor and a mass flow meter are arranged between the hydrogen outlet, the hydrogen inlet and the confluence valve; and the controller is also electrically connected to the first temperature sensor, the first pressure sensor and the mass flow meter respectively.

8. The solid-state hydrogen storage system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A second temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a second pressure sensor and a hydrogen detector are also arranged on the inner wall of the shell; The controller is also electrically connected to the second temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the second pressure sensor and the hydrogen detector respectively.

9. The solid-state hydrogen storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The depressurization module includes a vacuum device and / or a negative pressure device; And / or, the atomization module includes an atomization device; And / or, the heat exchange medium includes water and / or an organic heat exchange medium; And / or, the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is filled with a solid-state hydrogen storage material, and the solid-state hydrogen storage material includes a magnesium-based hydrogen storage material.

10. Use of the solid-state hydrogen storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in constructing a small distributed hydrogen energy storage system.

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