Optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphate fertilizer and determination method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cotton planting, in particular to an optimal partial productivity coefficient of a cotton phosphate fertilizer and a determination method and application thereof. The invention provides a method for determining the optimal partial productivity coefficient of a cotton phosphate fertilizer, which comprises the following steps of: (1) simulating the phosphorus application amount of a field and the cotton yield through a quadratic curve to obtain a relational expression between the phosphorus application amount and the cotton yield, and obtaining the highest cotton yield and the optimal phosphorus application amount through the relational expression; (2) calculating the optimal partial productivity coefficient of the cotton phosphate fertilizer according to the highest cotton yield and the optimal phosphorus application amount; the calculation formula of the optimal partial productivity coefficient is as follows: the optimal partial productivity coefficient = the maximum cotton yield / the optimal phosphorus application amount, the optimal phosphorus fertilizer application amount of the cotton is determined according to the optimal partial productivity coefficient, and the method is scientific, effective and high in timeliness and operability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cotton planting, and particularly relates to an optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphate fertilizer, a determination method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Technique

[0002] Xinjiang is the largest cotton-producing area in the country. In 2023, the cotton output in Xinjiang was 5.112 million tons, accounting for 91% of the national cotton output. In recent years, in order to achieve high cotton yields, a large amount of phosphate fertilizer has still been applied to farmland every year, but the seasonal utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer is relatively low. Excessive application of phosphate fertilizer not only causes waste of phosphate rock resources, but also may pose environmental pollution risks. Therefore, how to determine the recommended amount of cotton phosphate fertilizer is the key to improving the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer in Xinjiang cotton fields and reducing phosphate fertilizer application.

[0003] At present, the recommended methods for phosphate fertilizer mainly include the following three: (1) Based on the response characteristics of crop yield to different phosphorus application levels. By analyzing the growth characteristics of crops under different phosphate fertilizer application levels, a reasonable fertilization standard for specific crops and growth conditions can be formulated; (2) Based on the soil nutrient conditions in the region. The soil in the region is measured to clarify the basic level of available phosphorus in the soil, so as to formulate the corresponding application amount of phosphate fertilizer; (3) Based on the balance relationship between phosphate fertilizer input and crop yield. By calculating the relationship between the economic benefits of phosphate fertilizer and crop yield, it is ensured that the applied amount of phosphate fertilizer can maximize economic benefits while ensuring high yields. The above three methods require scientific experiments, soil testing, and expert formula recommendations for the target plot. This process is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also may incur high costs. It is difficult and challenging for each farmer to carry out field operations. Therefore, it is necessary to explore more convenient and efficient phosphate fertilizer recommendation technologies. Providing a simple and effective method for farmers to use for recommending the amount of phosphate fertilizer, and obtaining a reference value for the optimal recommended amount of phosphate fertilizer through field experiments and soil testing analysis, and controlling the amount of phosphate fertilizer in cotton fields within the optimal range is crucial for the efficient production and green development of drip-irrigated cotton fields in Xinjiang.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphate fertilizer, a determination method thereof, and an application thereof. The amount of cotton phosphate fertilizer applied is determined according to the optimal partial productivity coefficient, and this method is scientific, effective, and has strong timeliness and operability.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a method for determining the optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphate fertilizer, including the following steps:

[0008] (1) Simulate the phosphorus application rate in the field and the cotton yield through a quadratic curve to obtain the relationship between the phosphorus application rate and the cotton yield, and obtain the highest cotton yield and the optimal phosphorus application rate through the relationship.

[0009] (2) Calculate the optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphate fertilizer based on the highest cotton yield and the optimal phosphorus application rate.

[0010] Optimal partial productivity coefficient = highest cotton yield / optimal phosphorus application rate.

[0011] The present invention also provides an optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphate fertilizer determined by the above-mentioned determination method.

[0012] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned optimal partial productivity coefficient in predicting the application rate of cotton phosphate fertilizer.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for predicting the application rate of cotton phosphate fertilizer, including the following steps:

[0014] Determine the estimated cotton yield target for a specific field, and calculate the application rate of cotton phosphate fertilizer according to the formula.

[0015] The formula is: application rate of phosphate fertilizer = cotton yield target / optimal partial productivity coefficient;

[0016] The optimal partial productivity coefficient is the above-mentioned optimal partial productivity coefficient.

[0017] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned prediction method in predicting the application rate of cotton phosphate fertilizer.

[0018] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned prediction method in increasing cotton yield.

[0019] Advantages of the present invention:

[0020] The present invention provides a method for predicting the application rate of cotton phosphate fertilizer. Compared with the existing determination methods, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) Scientificity and easy operation: Based on the existing field phosphate fertilizer test data, agricultural technicians only need to consult the data of "highest cotton yield (Y 最高 )" and "optimal phosphate fertilizer application rate (P 最佳 )", and then they can determine the optimal partial productivity coefficient of phosphate fertilizer (PFPP 最优 ). Then, according to the target yield (Y 目标 ) of the farmer's field, through the formula "P 推荐 = Y 目标 / PFPP 最优 ", the application rate of phosphate fertilizer (P 推荐) and provided to farmers for field management. (2) Timeliness: The present invention does not require separate field positioning experiments for each field plot and can be applied under similar soil and climate conditions. (3) Based on the optimal partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer, the best phosphate fertilizer input-output ratio can be achieved, thus maximizing the economic benefits of phosphate fertilizer while ensuring high cotton yields. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the relationship between phosphate application rate, cotton yield, and partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer;

[0022] Figure 2 It is the regression curve equation characterizing the relationship between phosphate application rate and seed cotton yield in Experimental Example 1;

[0023] Figure 3 It is the regression curve equation characterizing the relationship between phosphate application rate and seed cotton yield in Experimental Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0024] The present invention provides a method for determining the optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphate fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0025] (1) Simulate the phosphate application rate of the field and the cotton yield through a quadratic curve to obtain the relationship between the phosphate application rate and the cotton yield, and obtain the highest cotton yield and the optimal phosphate application rate through the relationship;

[0026] (2) Calculate the optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphate fertilizer based on the highest cotton yield and the optimal phosphate application rate;

[0027] Optimal partial productivity coefficient (PFPP 最优 ) = highest cotton yield (Y 最高 ) / optimal phosphate application rate (P 最佳 ).

[0028] In the present invention, the schematic diagram of the relationship between phosphate application rate, cotton yield, and partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer is as shown in Figure 1 . The highest cotton yield and the optimal phosphate application rate are obtained through the relationship, that is, when the phosphate application rate reaches the optimal phosphate application rate, the cotton yield reaches the maximum value.

[0029] In the present invention, the optimal partial productivity coefficient of phosphate fertilizer is applicable to regions with the same or similar soil and ecological climate conditions. Here, similar means that the soil basic background is similar, and climate indicators such as accumulated temperature, annual rainfall, annual evaporation, sunshine duration, and average annual temperature are similar.

[0030] The present invention also provides an optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton determined by the above-mentioned determination method.

[0031] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned optimal partial productivity coefficient in predicting the application rate of cotton phosphate fertilizer.

[0032] The present invention also provides a method for predicting the application rate of phosphate fertilizer for cotton, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Determine the predicted cotton yield target for a specific field, and calculate the application rate of phosphate fertilizer for cotton according to the formula;

[0034] The formula is the application rate of phosphate fertilizer (P 推荐 ) = cotton yield target (Y 目标 ) / optimal partial productivity coefficient (PFPP 最优 );

[0035] The optimal partial productivity coefficient is the optimal partial productivity coefficient as described above.

[0036] In the present invention, the application rate of phosphate fertilizer is expressed in terms of pure phosphorus nutrient (P), with the unit of kg / hm 2 ;

[0037] The Y 目标 refers to the highest yield predicted under the ecological conditions of the current year and the local conventional field management measures in a specific field, with the unit of kg / hm 2 .

[0038] The present invention also provides the application of the above prediction method in predicting the application rate of phosphate fertilizer for cotton.

[0039] The present invention also provides the application of the above prediction method in increasing the cotton yield.

[0040] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0041] Example 1 Research on Recommended Application of Phosphate Fertilizer for Cotton in Awati County, Aksu Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

[0042] This experimental example was carried out in the experimental field of the Agricultural Technology Extension Station in Awati County, Aksu Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2017 to 2019. The soil texture was loam, with conventional cultivation management and straw returning to the field. The specific phosphate application rates and the corresponding average cotton yields are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Table 1 Relationship between Phosphate Application Rate and Seed Cotton Yield in Awati County, Xinjiang

[0044]

[0045] Determination of the optimal partial productivity coefficient of phosphate fertilizer for cotton:

[0046] (1) Simulate the phosphate application rate and cotton yield of the field (Table 1) through a quadratic curve to obtain the relationship formula between the phosphate application rate and cotton yield ( Figure 2), where the relationship is: y = -0.0277x 2 +8.2768x + 5926.3, R 2 = 0.8111. According to this relationship, the highest cotton yield (Y 目标 ) is 6616.73 kg / hm 2 , and the corresponding optimal phosphorus application rate (P 推荐 ) is 149.4 kg / hm -2 ;

[0047] (2) Calculate the optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphate fertilizer based on the highest cotton yield and the optimal phosphorus application rate;

[0048] PFPP 最优 = Y 最高 / P 最佳 = 6616.73 / 149.4 = 44;

[0049] Prediction method for cotton phosphate fertilizer application rate:

[0050] Determine the predicted cotton yield target for a specific field (Table 2), and calculate the cotton phosphate fertilizer application rate according to the formula;

[0051] The formula for the cotton phosphate fertilizer application rate in this area: P 推荐 = Y 目标 / 44; Calculate the optimal phosphate fertilizer application rate under the target yield conditions according to this formula, and the specific calculation results are shown in Table 2;

[0052] Among them, the phosphate fertilizer application rate is expressed in pure phosphorus nutrient (P), and the unit is kg / hm 2 .

[0053] Table 2 Phosphate fertilizer application rate for cotton in loam soil in Awati County, Xinjiang

[0054] <![CDATA[Target cotton yield (kg / hm 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Recommended application rate of phosphate fertilizer (kg / hm 2 )]]> 3000 68 4000 91 5000 114 6000 136 7000 159 8000 182

[0055] In "Fan Linxin, Halihashi Yibati, Li Chuanlong, et al. Effects of Nutrient Expert System Recommended Fertilization on Cotton Yield, Nutrient Absorption, Utilization and Balance in Xinjiang. Chinese Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer, 2024, 2: 120 - 129", the field experiment was carried out in Bachu County in 2020. The soil was sandy loam. A total of 6 treatments were set up in the experiment, including: Nutrient Expert System Recommended Fertilization for Cotton (NE); Recommended Fertilization by Local Agricultural Technology Extension Departments (ST); Farmer's Habitual Fertilization (FP); No Fertilization on the Basis of Expert System Recommendation (NE - N); No Phosphate Fertilization on the Basis of Expert System Recommendation (NE - P) and No Potassium Fertilization on the Basis of Expert System Recommendation (NE - K). The experimental results showed that the highest cotton yield obtained by applying the Nutrient Expert System for cotton nutrient management was 4425 kg / hm 2, and the corresponding recommended phosphorus application rate is 109 kg / hm 2 .

[0056] Calculated according to the phosphorus fertilizer application rate formula described above, if we want to achieve the same highest cotton yield of 4425 kg / hm as above 2 , then the recommended phosphorus application rate is 101 kg / hm 2 , which is basically consistent with the recommended phosphorus application rate of 109 kg / hm in the above research 2 . It can be seen that the prediction method of cotton phosphorus fertilizer application rate described in this embodiment has reliability.

[0057] Example 2 Research on Recommended Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Rate for Cotton in Fukang City, Xinjiang

[0058] This experiment was carried out in the cotton fields of Fukang City, Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang in 2019. Using the cotton variety Xinluzao 64 as the material, 4 phosphorus application levels were set, and conventional cultivation management was carried out. The specific phosphorus application rates and cotton yield results are shown in Table 3 (Source: Yuan Fang. Effects of Organic Fertilizer Addition on Phosphorus Status and Yield in Xinjiang Cotton Fields under Different Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates [D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2021).

[0059] Table 3 Relationship between Different Phosphorus Application Rates and Seed Cotton Yields

[0060]

[0061] Determination of the optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphorus fertilizer:

[0062] (1) The phosphorus application rate in the field and the cotton yield (Table 3) were simulated by a quadratic curve to obtain the relationship between the phosphorus application rate and the cotton yield ( Figure 3 ), where the relationship is: y = -0.0684x 2 + 17.528x + 4118.9. According to this relationship, the highest cotton yield (Y 目标 ) was obtained as 5241.82 kg / hm 2 , and the corresponding optimal fertilization rate (P 推荐 ) was 128.13 kg / hm 2 ;

[0063] (2) Calculate the optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton based on the highest cotton yield and the optimal phosphorus application rate;

[0064] PFPP 最优 = Y 最高 / P 最佳 = 5241.82 / 128.13 = 41;

[0065] Prediction method for cotton phosphorus fertilizer application rate:

[0066] Determine the estimated cotton yield target for a specific field plot (Table 4), and calculate the application rate of phosphate fertilizer for cotton according to the formula;

[0067] The formula for the application rate of phosphate fertilizer for cotton in this area: P 推荐 = Y 目标 / 41; Calculate the optimal application rate of phosphate fertilizer under the condition of the target yield according to this formula, and the specific calculation results are shown in Table 4;

[0068] Among them, the application rate of phosphate fertilizer is expressed in pure phosphorus nutrient (P), and the unit is kg / hm 2 .

[0069] Table 4 Phosphate fertilizer application rate for cotton in Shaya County, Xinjiang

[0070] <![CDATA[Target cotton yield (kg / hm 2 )]]> <![CDATA[Phosphorus fertilizer application rate (kg / hm 2 )]]> 3000 73 4000 98 5000 122 6000 146 7000 171 8000 195

[0071] In the literature "Halihashi Yibati, Li Chuanlong, Liu Huan, et al. Effects of Recommended Fertilization for Cotton Based on Yield Response. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 58(1): 72 - 79", the experiment was carried out in Dianba Township, Changji City, Xinjiang. The soil type is grey desert soil and the texture is loam. A total of 4 treatments were set up in the field experiment, including: the recommended application rate of phosphate fertilizer by the nutrient expert system, no fertilization, soil testing and formulated fertilization, and the customary application of phosphate fertilizer. The experimental results show that the highest cotton yield of 6266 kg / hm was obtained by using the "nutrient expert system" for fertilizer management 2 , and the corresponding recommended application rate of phosphate fertilizer is 150 kg / hm 2 .

[0072] Calculated according to the above-mentioned formula for the application rate of phosphate fertilizer, if the same highest cotton yield of 6266 kg / hm is achieved 2 , then the recommended application rate of phosphate fertilizer is 152.8 kg / hm 2 , which is very consistent with the recommended application rate of phosphate fertilizer of 150 kg / hm in the above research 2 . This proves the reliability of the prediction method for the application rate of cotton phosphate fertilizer described in the embodiment.

[0073] It can be seen from the above embodiments that the present invention provides an optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphate fertilizer and its determination method and application. The optimal application rate of cotton phosphate fertilizer is determined according to the optimal partial productivity coefficient, and this method is scientific, effective, timely and operable.

[0074] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for determining the optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphate fertilizer, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) The phosphorus application rate and cotton yield in the field are simulated by a quadratic curve to obtain the relationship between the phosphorus application rate and cotton yield, and the maximum cotton yield and the optimal phosphorus application rate are obtained through the relationship; (2) Calculate the optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphorus fertilizer based on the maximum cotton yield and the optimal phosphorus application rate; Optimal partial productivity coefficient = maximum cotton yield / optimal phosphorus application rate.

2. The determination method described in claim 1 determines the optimal partial productivity coefficient of cotton phosphate fertilizer.

3. Application of the optimal partial productivity coefficient described in claim 2 in predicting the amount of phosphate fertilizer applied to cotton.

4. A method for predicting the amount of phosphate fertilizer applied to cotton, characterized in that: The steps include: Determine the estimated cotton yield target for a specific field and calculate the amount of phosphorus fertilizer to be applied to cotton according to the formula; The formula is: Phosphorus fertilizer application amount = cotton yield target / optimal partial productivity coefficient; The optimal partial productivity coefficient is the optimal partial productivity coefficient described in claim 2.

5. Application of the prediction method according to claim 4 in predicting the amount of phosphate fertilizer applied to cotton.

6. Application of the prediction method according to claim 4 in increasing cotton yield.

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