Planting method suitable for brassica napus in cold and arid areas

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method suitable for brassica napus in cold and arid areas, aiming at the adverse conditions of low temperature, drought and the like in the cold and arid areas, through soil preparation and fertilization, sowing, field management and cold-proof and drought-resistant measures, the growth adaptability and yield of the rapes are improved; the method specifically comprises the following steps: deeply ploughing and fertilizing, and applying compound fertilizer and boron fertilizer; sowing in autumn, wherein a planting method of full-film covering under-ridge drilling is adopted; thinning, final singling, weeding, pest control and topdressing irrigation are carried out in the field management; the cold-proof and drought-resistant measures comprise spraying of a plant growth regulator, ridging, mulching film and straw covering, irrigation, application of a water-retaining agent and spraying of a drought-resistant agent. According to the method, the overwintering rate and yield stability of the rape are remarkably improved, the quality of the rape seeds is optimized, the ecological adaptability and sustainability are enhanced, agricultural technology innovation and regional economic development are promoted, and important economic and ecological benefits are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and specifically to a planting method suitable for Brassica napus in cold and arid regions. This method aims to improve the growth adaptability and yield potential of Brassica napus under cold and arid adversity conditions by supporting the research and development of cultivation techniques for Brassica napus in cold and arid regions, so as to meet the actual needs of agricultural production in specific regions. Background Art

[0002] Brassica napus L., as one of the important oil crops widely planted globally, not only occupies a core position in edible oil production but is also an important raw material source for renewable energy such as biodiesel.

[0003] In cold and arid regions, the vegetation conditions are poor and the ecological environment is harsh. In most areas, the planting system is the traditional one-crop-a-year system, with low economic benefits. Planting winter rapeseed in cold and arid regions can increase the vegetation coverage in winter and spring, improving the ecological benefits of the region. At the same time, winter rapeseed is sown from late August to early September and harvested from late May to mid-June of the following year. After harvesting, crops such as potatoes, vegetables, and forage can be replanted. Therefore, planting winter rapeseed in cold and arid regions can increase the multiple cropping index of the region and improve land use efficiency.

[0004] The cold and arid region refers to the vast northern region ranging from 74° east longitude in the west to 135° east longitude in the east, from 35° north latitude in the south to about 48° north latitude in the north. The common feature of this region is that it is arid and less rainy, with scarce surface water resources, large evaporation, and extremely low temperatures and severe cold in winter and spring. These extreme climatic conditions pose great challenges to the cultivation of Brassica napus.

[0005] The average annual temperature in the cold and arid region is 5.9 - 8.7 °C, the average temperature in the coldest month is -17.1 - 7.0 °C, the frost-free period is 150 - 172 days, the precipitation is 42 - 700 mm, and the average annual evaporation is 1657.1 - 3000 mm. It is very difficult for winter-sown rapeseed to fight against the harsh winter low temperature and drought, and overwintering is extremely difficult. When the rapeseed roots are damaged by freezing, the cortex expands and cracks, the vascular bundle tissue is exposed, and the cells dehydrate and finally wither and die. The climatic characteristics of the cold and arid region determine that "preventing freezing and protecting seedlings" is a key measure in rapeseed cultivation in this region. Anti-freezing measures should be taken on the basis of cultivating strong seedlings to ensure the safe overwintering of rapeseed.

[0006] In cold and arid regions, the annual precipitation is severely insufficient, water resources are scarce, and the seasonal distribution of precipitation is uneven. Among them, the precipitation from June to September accounts for 67.8% of the annual precipitation, and the precipitation guarantee rate of 400 mm is 48.1%. Since the precipitation is not synchronized with the growth period of rapeseed, the drastic fluctuation of water conditions not only restricts the growth of rapeseed roots and the nutrient absorption ability, but also exacerbates the risk of soil salinization, further deteriorating the growth environment of rapeseed. The lack of soil moisture will limit the root development of rapeseed, resulting in short plants, slender stems that are prone to lodging, and at the same time, the number of leaves decreases and the photosynthetic area decreases, ultimately affecting the growth and development of plants and the formation of yield.

[0007] The harsh natural conditions in cold and arid regions determine that the growth and development characteristics of winter rapeseed are "two short and one long", that is, the early winter and late winter periods are short, and the overwintering period is long. The number of days in the overwintering period accounts for about 50% of the growth period days. Therefore, ensuring the safe overwintering of winter rapeseed is the core goal of cultivation techniques in this region, and the key to achieving safe overwintering and high yield lies in the cultivation strategy of "vigorous growth in autumn and strong growth in spring". However, most of the existing rapeseed cultivation techniques are developed based on temperate or subtropical regions, and show obvious insufficient adaptability when directly applied to cold and arid regions.

[0008] Therefore, in view of the special climate conditions in cold and arid regions, there is an urgent need to develop a comprehensive planting technology system for Brassica napus. This set of technologies should cover the whole process from variety selection, sowing management, water regulation, fertilizer application, pest and disease control to harvesting and processing, aiming to maximize the utilization of limited water resources through scientific field management measures, improve the soil temperature management ability, enhance the cold and drought resistance of rapeseed, and ultimately achieve high-yield, high-quality and efficient cultivation of Brassica napus in cold and arid regions. This not only has important significance for enhancing the comprehensive agricultural production capacity in cold and arid regions and ensuring edible oil security, but also provides strong support for promoting the green transformation of agriculture and achieving sustainable development goals. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a planting method for Brassica napus suitable for cold and arid regions. This method effectively improves the growth adaptability and yield potential of Brassica napus under cold and arid conditions through specific land preparation, fertilization, sowing, field management and cold and drought prevention measures.

[0010] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions.

[0011] A planting method for Brassica napus suitable for cold and arid regions, comprising the following steps:

[0012] a. Land preparation and fertilization: Deeply plow and finely cultivate the field before sowing, and apply compound fertilizer and trace element fertilizer to ensure that the soil is loose and fertile;

[0013] b. Sowing: For rapeseed, the planting method of strip sowing under the whole-film mulch is adopted, with wide and narrow rows. The bandwidth is 110 cm, among which the wide row is 60 cm and the narrow row is 50 cm. A hand-pushed special rapeseed strip seeder is used, with a row spacing of 40 - 50 cm and a seeding rate of 300 - 350 g per mu for sowing.

[0014] c. Field management: During the growth process of rapeseed, thinning, final thinning, weeding, and pest and disease control are carried out. At the same time, according to the growth requirements of rapeseed, topdressing fertilizers and irrigation are carried out to ensure the nutrients and water required for rapeseed growth.

[0015] d. Cold and drought prevention measures: In view of the climatic conditions in cold and arid regions, spraying plant growth regulators is used to cultivate strong seedlings and improve the cold and drought resistance of rapeseed during the severe freezing period. Ridging with soil before the Beginning of Winter is a key technology to ensure the safe overwintering of winter rapeseed of the Brassica napus type. At the same time, covering plastic film and straw is adopted to reduce soil water evaporation and maintain soil temperature, and measures such as irrigation or applying water-retaining agents and spraying drought-resistant agents are taken under extreme weather conditions to improve the resistance of rapeseed.

[0016] Furthermore, in step a, the application rate of the compound fertilizer is 40 - 50 kg per mu, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of the compound fertilizer is 25:7:8. The trace element fertilizer is boron fertilizer, and its application rate is 1 kg per mu.

[0017] Furthermore, in step b, the sowing period is from September 1st to 10th in autumn. The sowing method is mechanical strip sowing, with wide and narrow rows, a row spacing of 40 - 50 cm, and a seeding rate of 300 - 350 g per mu.

[0018] Furthermore, in step c, the thinning is carried out after the rapeseed has emerged evenly and the cotyledons are fully unfolded, controlling the plant spacing to be 10 cm. The final thinning is carried out at the 5 - true-leaf stage. Weeding is carried out simultaneously with the application of seedling fertilizer with water after the final thinning is completed, using the method of hoeing. Pest and disease control is carried out according to the growth situation of rapeseed and the occurrence of pests and diseases.

[0019] Furthermore, in step d, the spraying of plant growth regulators is carried out at the 5 - 6 - leaf stage of rapeseed. 30 g of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder is sprayed per mu and diluted with 40 kg of water, or 15 g of 5% uniconazole is diluted with 25 - 30 kg of water for chemical regulation to cultivate strong seedlings and improve the cold and drought resistance of rapeseed during the severe freezing period. Around 7 - 10 days before the Beginning of Winter, that is, before the soil freezes, use a hoe to mound the soil on both sides of the rapeseed seedlings along the sowing row towards the plants to form ridges, with the ridge height of 5 - 10 cm, and the base and the middle and lower leaves of the plants should be mounded with soil to play a role in keeping warm and preventing cold. The straw covering is carried out from mid-November to early December, and the covering direction is carried out according to the rapeseed planting direction and compacted to ensure the effect. The irrigation measure is taken under extreme drought weather conditions to ensure the water required for rapeseed growth. Spraying drought-resistant agents is carried out when necessary to improve the drought resistance of rapeseed.

[0020] Advantages of the present invention:

[0021] Significantly improve yield and stability:

[0022] By screening Brassica napus varieties resistant to cold and drought, and combining supporting cultivation measures such as chemical regulation, it is beneficial to the root development of crops, promotes the rooting and tillering of rapeseed. At the same time, mulching can increase soil temperature and reduce water evaporation, further optimizing the growth environment of rapeseed, reducing the impact of freezing injury and water stress on the growth and development of rapeseed, and significantly improving the overwintering rate and yield stability of rapeseed in cold and arid regions.

[0023] Comprehensively applying technologies such as ecological water retainers, mulching, and straw returning to the field effectively improves the soil moisture condition, enhances soil fertility and water retention capacity, provides a stable water and nutrient environment for the growth of rapeseed, and further promotes the increase in yield.

[0024] Break through the traditional monoculture system. In cold and arid regions, rapeseed-potato multiple cropping is carried out. After rapeseed is harvested, potatoes can be continuously planted on the Gansu land, increasing farmers' income, raising the multiple cropping index, and constructing a new production model of coordinated grain and oil - ecological value - added.

[0025] Optimize quality and enhance economic value:

[0026] Through scientific field management, such as reasonable close planting, timely fertilization, and pest and disease control, it not only ensures the normal growth and development of rapeseed, but also helps to improve key quality indicators such as the oil content, protein, and fatty acid composition of rapeseed, enhancing the market competitiveness and economic value of rapeseed.

[0027] Enhance ecological adaptability and sustainability:

[0028] This planting method pays attention to ecological balance and environmental protection. Planting winter rapeseed in cold and arid regions can effectively increase the vegetation coverage in winter and spring. In winter, the green plants of winter rapeseed cover the land, reducing the exposed area of the soil, reducing the erosion of the soil by cold winds, and also alleviating the monotony of the winter landscape to a certain extent; in spring, when other plants have not fully recovered, winter rapeseed has grown vigorously and continues to play the role of soil and water conservation and water source conservation. With the increase in vegetation coverage, the ecological system in cold and arid regions has been effectively improved, and the ecological benefits have been significantly enhanced, making an important contribution to the maintenance of local ecological balance and the optimization of the ecological environment.

[0029] At the same time, the application of water - saving irrigation technology reduces water waste and improves water use efficiency, which is in line with the concept of sustainable development. In addition, measures such as mulching and straw returning to the field also help to improve soil structure and enhance the self - repair ability of the soil, laying a solid foundation for long - term high and stable yields.

[0030] Promote agricultural technology innovation and industrial upgrading:

[0031] The popularization and application of this planting method will promote agricultural science and technology innovation and industrial upgrading, and optimize the allocation and efficient utilization of agricultural resources.

[0032] Enhance farmers' income and regional economic development:

[0033] The cultivation of high-yield and high-quality Brassica napus can not only drive the development of the local rapeseed industry, but also promote the development of eco-tourism. While increasing farmers' income and enterprises' efficiency, it can also effectively drive the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries; such as rapeseed processing, edible oil production, biodiesel development, etc., injecting new vitality into the diversified development of the regional economy.

[0034] In summary, the Brassica napus planting method applicable to cold and arid regions, through the comprehensive application of modern agricultural scientific and technological means, not only significantly improves the yield and quality of rapeseed, enhances ecological adaptability and sustainability, but also promotes agricultural technology innovation and industrial upgrading, making important contributions to increasing farmers' income and promoting regional economic development. Brief description of the drawings

[0035] Figure 1 It is the implementation flowchart of a planting method of Brassica napus applicable to cold and arid regions of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 It is the schematic diagram of strip seeding under the whole-film mulching of rapeseed in the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] The following is a more detailed and complete description of the solution of the present invention.

[0038] The present invention provides an efficient planting method for Brassica napus applicable to cold and arid regions, aiming to significantly improve the growth adaptability and yield potential of Brassica napus in cold and arid adversity. This method creates a suitable soil environment and growth conditions for rapeseed growth through specific land preparation and fertilization, precise sowing, scientific field management, and targeted cold and drought prevention measures, thereby effectively enhancing the cold and drought resistance and yield level of rapeseed. In addition, this method is simple to operate, low in cost, and easy to be widely promoted and applied in cold and arid regions.

[0039] I. Land preparation and fertilization

[0040] Time: Carry out land preparation and fertilization work 30 days before sowing;

[0041] Land preparation: Use agricultural machinery to deeply plow and finely cultivate the field, and the tillage depth should reach 25 - 30 cm to break the plow sole and increase the looseness and air permeability of the soil; at the same time, carry out the work of crushing soil clods and leveling the land to create good soil conditions for sowing;

[0042] Fertilization: Apply 40 - 50 kg of compound fertilizer per mu (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 25:7:8), and 1 kg of boron fertilizer; the compound fertilizer should be evenly spread on the surface of the field and thoroughly mixed with the soil; the boron fertilizer can be applied together with the compound fertilizer or separately as a base fertilizer.

[0043] Specifically,

[0044] 1.1 Land Preparation

[0045] 1.1.1 Preparation Stage:

[0046] Determine the time for land preparation and fertilization before sowing, and ensure that this work starts 30 days before sowing;

[0047] Check the status of agricultural machinery to ensure that the plowing machinery and rotary tiller equipment are in good working condition.

[0048] 1.1.2 Deep Plowing and Fine Cultivation:

[0049] Use plowing machinery to deeply plow the field, with a tillage depth of 25 - 30 cm to break the plow sole and increase the looseness and aeration of the soil; when deep plowing, pay attention to the soil moisture and avoid deep plowing when the soil is too wet or too dry to affect the tillage effect;

[0050] After deep plowing, use a rotary tiller to break up the soil clods in the field to ensure that the soil particles are small and uniform, facilitating subsequent fertilization and sowing.

[0051] 1.1.3 Land Leveling:

[0052] Use leveling machinery to level the field to ensure that the land surface is flat without potholes. Since rapeseed grains are small and have poor soil-piercing ability, through soil tillage, the soil should reach the sowing state of "deep, fine, broken, flat, moist, clean, fertile, and uniform", with loose topsoil and firm subsoil, laying a solid foundation for high yield and creating good soil conditions for sowing. When leveling the land, pay attention to maintaining appropriate soil moisture to facilitate mechanical operation and adjustment of soil compactness.

[0053] 1.2 Fertilization

[0054] 1.2.1 Fertilizer Preparation:

[0055] Prepare 40 - 50 kg of compound fertilizer (the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 25:7:8) and 1 kg of boron fertilizer according to the amount of fertilizer required per mu;

[0056] 1.2.2 Even Spreading:

[0057] Evenly spread the compound fertilizer on the surface of the field to ensure uniform distribution of the fertilizer and avoid local over-fertilization or under-fertilization;

[0058] When broadcasting boron fertilizer, it can be broadcast together with compound fertilizer or applied alone as a base fertilizer; if applied alone, pay attention to the evenness of boron fertilizer application.

[0059] 1.2.3 Mixed fertilizers and soil:

[0060] Use a rotary tiller or harrowing machinery to fully mix the broadcast fertilizer with the soil, ensure that the fertilizer is evenly distributed in the soil, and improve the fertilizer utilization rate;

[0061] When mixing, pay attention to the soil moisture and the speed of mechanical operation to avoid damaging the soil structure or causing fertilizer loss.

[0062] 1.2.4 Inspection and adjustment:

[0063] After completing fertilization, inspect the field to ensure that the fertilizer is evenly distributed and the soil compactness is moderate;

[0064] If it is found that there is too much or too little fertilizer locally or the soil compactness is uneven, make timely adjustments and treatments.

[0065] Through the above specific implementation process, it is possible to ensure the smooth progress of land preparation and fertilization work, creating good soil conditions for the sowing and growth of Brassica napus; at the same time, attention should also be paid to making appropriate adjustments and optimizations according to local climate conditions, soil types, and the variety characteristics of Brassica napus.

[0066] II. Sowing

[0067] Sowing date: According to local climate conditions, select an appropriate sowing period; the sowing period should be controlled at around 18 - 20°C of the average ten-day temperature, or the beginning date when the effective accumulated temperature before winter is ≥ 900°C is the suitable period for direct seeding, and the effective growth days before winter reach 70 - 90 days; in cold and arid areas, it is generally recommended to carry out sowing during the period from September 1st to 10th in autumn to avoid the impact of extreme weather on the growth of rapeseed;

[0068] Sowing method: Rapeseed adopts the planting method of strip seeding under the whole-film covered ridges, with wide and narrow rows, the bandwidth is 110 cm, among which the wide row is 60 cm and the narrow row is 50 cm. Use a hand-pushed special rapeseed strip seeder, with a row spacing of 40 - 50 cm and a seeding rate of 300 - 350 g per mu for sowing.

[0069] Specifically,

[0070] 2.1 Determine the sowing period

[0071] 2.1.1 Climate investigation:

[0072] Before sowing, it is necessary to understand the local climate conditions in detail, especially the key meteorological factors such as temperature and precipitation, which helps to determine the best sowing period to avoid adverse effects of extreme weather on the growth of rapeseed.

[0073] 2.1.2 Sowing time selection:

[0074] In cold and arid regions, it is generally recommended to sow during the period from September 1st to 10th in autumn. The climatic conditions during this period are relatively suitable, making full use of light and temperature resources to promote the autumn growth of rapeseed, which is conducive to cultivating strong seedlings. At the same time, pay attention that if it rains, don't wait; if there is irrigation condition, in case of drought weather, sprinkler irrigation should be adopted to increase the soil field water holding capacity to ensure the rapeseed is sown on schedule; if sown too early, there may be excessive growth in winter, bolting, and loss of frost resistance; on the contrary, if the growth of the vegetable seedlings is too small, both are not conducive to safe overwintering. Also note that for fertile soil, sowing can be appropriately postponed, for dry and thin land, sowing should be appropriately earlier, and for stubble land, rush to prepare the land and sow early.

[0075] 2.2 Sowing preparation

[0076] 2.2.1 Seed selection:

[0077] Select Brassica napus varieties suitable for local climate conditions and soil types to ensure excellent seed quality and high germination rate.

[0078] 2.2.2 Preparation of sowing machinery:

[0079] Prepare sowing machinery, including a drill seeder or a manual seeder, and conduct debugging and inspection to ensure normal operation of the machinery and that the sowing accuracy meets the requirements.

[0080] 2.3 Sowing operation

[0081] 2.3.1 Drill seeding method:

[0082] For rapeseed, use the planting method of strip seeding under full-film mulch, with wide and narrow rows. The bandwidth is 100 cm, among which the wide row is 60 cm and the narrow row is 50 cm. Use a hand-pushed special rapeseed drill seeder, with a row spacing of 40 - 50 cm and a seeding rate of 300 - 350 g per mu for sowing.

[0083] 2.3.2 Control of sowing depth:

[0084] Control the sowing depth between 2 - 3 cm. Too deep or too shallow sowing depth will affect the germination rate and growth of seeds. Therefore, during the sowing process, it is necessary to strictly control the sowing depth to ensure consistency and accuracy.

[0085] 2.3.3 Control of seeding rate:

[0086] A reasonable seeding density is an important link in coordinating the contradiction between individuals and groups, giving play to the photosynthetic advantage of hybrids, and establishing a high-yield and high-efficiency population structure. The seeding rate per mu should be controlled between 300-350 grams. If the seeding rate is too low, the plant density will be insufficient, and resources such as light, heat, and water will not be fully utilized, resulting in a decrease in the photosynthesis efficiency of the population and affecting the yield. If the seeding rate is too high, the plants will be overcrowded, the growth of individuals will be restricted, the risk of lodging will increase, the population yield will decrease, the ventilation and light transmission will be affected, and the risk of pests and diseases will increase. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably determine the seeding rate according to factors such as soil fertility and climatic conditions.

[0087] III. Field Management

[0088] Thinning and finalizing seedlings: After the rape seedlings emerge and the cotyledons are fully unfolded, carry out thinning work in a timely manner, controlling the plant spacing at 10 cm. Carry out finalizing seedlings at the 5-leaf stage, removing weak seedlings, diseased seedlings, and redundant seedlings to ensure that each rape plant has enough growth space.

[0089] Weeding: After finalizing seedlings, apply seedling fertilizer with water and carry out weeding work. Weeding can be carried out by manual weeding or chemical weeding. Manual weeding thoroughly removes weeds to avoid competing with rape for nutrients and water. For chemical weeding, choose special herbicides for rape and apply them according to the instructions.

[0090] Pest and disease control: In the management of the whole growth period of rape, a green prevention and control technology system of "prevention first, comprehensive control" should be constructed. According to the phenological period and disease occurrence law, choose highly effective and low-toxic pesticides for prevention and control. At the same time, pay attention to the combination of agricultural control and biological control, reduce the use amount of chemical pesticides, and achieve the dual goals of pest and disease prevention and control and ecological environment protection.

[0091] Topdressing and irrigation: According to the growth needs of rape and the local climatic conditions, carry out topdressing and irrigation work in a timely manner. The topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, with appropriate amounts of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. Irrigation is carried out according to the soil moisture content and the growth needs of rape to avoid the impact of over-irrigation and drought on the growth of rape.

[0092] Specifically,

[0093] 3.1 Thinning and finalizing seedlings

[0094] 3.1.1 Observe the growth of rape:

[0095] After the rape seedlings emerge and the cotyledons are fully unfolded, carefully observe the growth of rape, including the seedling vigor and plant spacing.

[0096] 3.1.2 Thinning and finalizing seedlings work:

[0097] When the rape grows to the five true leaf stage, carry out the work of final thinning, control the plant spacing at 10 cm, and ensure that there is enough growing space between rape plants; when carrying out final thinning, operate carefully to avoid damaging the rape roots, remove weak seedlings, diseased seedlings and redundant seedlings, and retain strong and well-growing rape plants. After final thinning, check the plant spacing again to ensure that it meets the requirements.

[0098] 3.2 Weeding

[0099] 3.2.1 Applying seedling fertilizer: After final thinning is completed, apply seedling fertilizer with water to provide sufficient nutrient support for rape.

[0100] 3.2.2 Selection of weeding methods:

[0101] According to the types and quantities of weeds in the field, select appropriate weeding methods to completely remove weeds, especially the root parts, to avoid weed regrowth; for chemical weeding, select special herbicides for rape and apply them accurately according to the instructions to avoid causing phytotoxicity to rape.

[0102] 3.2.3 Timing of weeding:

[0103] The weeding work is carried out during the weed germination period. At this time, the weed roots are relatively shallow and easy to remove; at the same time, avoid carrying out chemical weeding during the sensitive period of rape to reduce the impact on rape growth.

[0104] 3.3 Pest and disease control

[0105] 3.3.1 Observing the situation of pests and diseases:

[0106] During the growth process of rape, closely monitor the occurrence of pests and diseases. Once signs of pests and diseases are found, immediately take measures for prevention and control.

[0107] 3.3.2 Selecting appropriate pesticides:

[0108] According to the types of local pests and diseases and the growth situation of rape, select appropriate pesticides for prevention and control, and give priority to selecting low-toxic, high-efficiency and environmentally friendly pesticide varieties.

[0109] 3.3.3 Integrated control:

[0110] Pay attention to the combination of agricultural control and biological control. By means of reasonable crop rotation, deep plowing of the land and other measures, improve the soil environment and enhance the pest and disease resistance of rape; at the same time, use natural enemies, biological agents and other biological control means to reduce the use amount of chemical pesticides.

[0111] 3.4 Topdressing and irrigation

[0112] 3.4.1 Period and types of topdressing:

[0113] According to the growth requirements of rapeseed and the local climate conditions, topdressing should be carried out in a timely manner. The topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, combined with appropriate amounts of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer. Topdressing should be carried out during key periods such as the seedling stage, budding stage, and flowering stage of rapeseed growth to meet the nutrient requirements of rapeseed.

[0114] 3.4.2 Irrigation management:

[0115] Irrigation is carried out according to the soil moisture content and the growth requirements of rapeseed. In the dry season or when the soil moisture is insufficient, irrigation should be carried out in a timely manner to ensure that the rapeseed plants have sufficient water supply. At the same time, avoid over-irrigation causing soil compaction and nutrient loss. During the rainy season or when the soil moisture is excessive, pay attention to drainage and flood prevention to avoid damage to the rapeseed roots.

[0116] 3.4.3 Irrigation methods:

[0117] Water-saving irrigation methods such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation can be adopted to improve irrigation efficiency and water resource utilization rate. At the same time, avoid the adverse effects of flood irrigation on rapeseed growth.

[0118] Through the above specific implementation process, it is possible to ensure the smooth progress of rapeseed field management work and lay a solid foundation for high-yield and high-quality rapeseed. At the same time, attention should also be paid to making appropriate adjustments and optimizations according to the local specific situation to improve the effect of field management.

[0119] Cold protection and drought resistance measures

[0120] Chemical regulation: The climatic characteristics of the cold and arid regions determine that "preventing freezing and protecting seedlings" is a key measure in rapeseed cultivation in this area. In this area, anti-freezing measures should be taken on the basis of cultivating strong seedlings to ensure the safe overwintering of rapeseed seedlings. Chemical regulation measures before the Beginning of Winter are the key technologies to ensure the safe overwintering of winter rape of Brassica napus L.

[0121] Intertillage and soil heaping: About 7-10 days before the Beginning of Winter when the soil freezes, use a hoe to heap soil along the sowing row on both sides of the rapeseed seedlings to form ridges with the roots. The ridge height is 5-10 cm, and the base and lower-middle leaves of the plants should be covered with soil to play a role in keeping warm and resisting cold.

[0122] Covering with straw: During the period from late November to early December, cover the straw according to the rapeseed planting direction. A layer of straw is evenly covered on both sides of the rapeseed roots, and the thickness should be appropriate at 5-10 cm. This can effectively reduce soil moisture evaporation and maintain soil temperature, and improve the cold resistance and drought resistance of rapeseed;

[0123] Irrigation for drought resistance: Under extremely dry weather conditions, carry out irrigation work in a timely manner. The irrigation amount is determined according to the soil moisture content and the growth requirements of rapeseed, and avoid over-irrigation and waste of water resources. At the same time, pay attention to the application of water-saving irrigation technologies to improve irrigation efficiency and water resource utilization rate;

[0124] Applying water-retaining agents for drought resistance: As an environmentally friendly and degradable natural material, water-retaining agents can store water and maintain soil moisture, and improve soil properties. In recent years, they have been widely applied and promoted in the arid areas of the northwest, with broad application prospects, and are of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in arid areas.

[0125] Spraying anti-drought agents: When necessary, appropriate anti-drought agents can be sprayed to improve the drought resistance of rapeseed. The selection and dosage of anti-drought agents are determined according to the local climate conditions and the growth of rapeseed.

[0126] Specifically,

[0127] 4.1 Chemical regulation

[0128] 4.1.1 Preparation of materials:

[0129] About 7 - 10 days before the 5 - 6 leaf stage of rapeseed, prepare plant growth regulators (paclobutrazol or uniconazole).

[0130] 4.1.2 Spraying growth regulators

[0131] At the 5 - 6 leaf stage of rapeseed, spray 30 g of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder plus 10 ml of aminoethylphosphonic acid and 30 kg of water per mu, or 15 g of 5% uniconazole plus 50 g of fulvic acid and 25 - 30 kg of water for chemical regulation to cultivate strong seedlings and improve the cold and drought resistance of rapeseed during the big freeze period. This measure can enhance the frost resistance of the plant by increasing the cell sap concentration, and at the same time inhibit the elongation of the stem base section to prevent the formation of tall and weak seedlings.

[0132] 4.1.3 Intertillage and ridging

[0133] Intertillage and ridging: About 7 - 10 days before the beginning of winter when the soil freezes, use a hoe to ridge the soil on both sides of the rapeseed seedlings along the sowing row, making ridges with a height of 5 - 10 cm, covering the base and the middle and lower leaves of the plant with soil to play a role in heat preservation and cold protection.

[0134] 4.2 Covering with plastic film and straw

[0135] 4.2.1 Preparation of materials:

[0136] During late November to early December, prepare straw covering materials. Select dry, impurity-free, and easy-to-lay crop straw.

[0137] 4.2.2 Covering with straw:

[0138] Evenly cover a layer of straw on both sides of the rapeseed roots, with a thickness of 5 - 10 cm being appropriate. The straw should be covered evenly and tightly to avoid air leakage, and at the same time, pay attention to compacting the straw to prevent it from being blown away by the wind.

[0139] 4.2.3 Inspection and maintenance:

[0140] After the covering is completed, regularly check the covering situation of the straw. If it is found that the plastic film is damaged, there is air leakage, or the straw is blown away by the wind, etc., repair and tidy it in time to ensure the covering effect.

[0141] 4.3 Irrigation and Drought Resistance

[0142] 4.3.1 Monitoring Soil Moisture Content:

[0143] Under extremely dry weather conditions, closely monitor the changes in soil moisture content. The content and distribution of soil moisture can be understood through soil moisture monitoring instruments or the method of manually digging the soil to observe.

[0144] 4.3.2 Determining Irrigation Amount:

[0145] Determine the irrigation amount according to the soil moisture content and the growth requirements of rapeseed; the irrigation amount should be appropriate, which should not only meet the growth requirements of rapeseed but also avoid over-irrigation and waste of water resources.

[0146] 4.3.3 Selecting Irrigation Method:

[0147] Water-saving irrigation methods such as drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation can be adopted. These irrigation methods can accurately control the irrigation amount, improve irrigation efficiency and water resource utilization rate. At the same time, irrigation methods that waste water resources such as flood irrigation should be avoided.

[0148] 4.3.4 Implementing Irrigation:

[0149] Carry out irrigation work according to the determined irrigation amount and irrigation method. During irrigation, it should be uniform and appropriate, avoiding local over-wetness or over-dryness. At the same time, pay attention to the arrangement of irrigation time and avoid irrigating during high-temperature periods to reduce the risk of water evaporation and rapeseed leaf burns.

[0150] 4.4 Applying Water Retaining Agent

[0151] The water retaining agent can not only relieve the pressure of water resource shortage but also achieve a win-win situation of ecological and economic benefits by improving the soil and enhancing fertilizer efficiency.

[0152] 4.4.1 Selection of Water Retaining Agent

[0153] As an environmentally friendly and biodegradable natural material, the starch-based water retaining agent has the functions of storing water and preserving soil moisture and improving soil properties. In recent years, it has been widely applied and promoted in the arid areas of the northwest, with broad application prospects and great significance for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in arid areas.

[0154] 4.4.2 Application Method

[0155] The water-retaining agent is evenly mixed with soil at a ratio of 1:10 (water-retaining agent: soil) at a dosage of 5 kg per mu and applied in holes about 5 cm beside the rape plants, with a depth of 10 - 15 cm, and then covered with soil.

[0156] 4.5 Spraying anti-drought agent

[0157] 4.5.1 Selecting the anti-drought agent:

[0158] When necessary, a suitable anti-drought agent can be sprayed to improve the drought resistance of rape. The selection of the anti-drought agent should be determined according to the local climate conditions and the growth situation of rape, and an anti-drought agent product with good quality, significant effect and harmless to rape should be selected.

[0159] 4.5.2 Determining the dosage: The dosage of the anti-drought agent should be determined according to the type, concentration of the anti-drought agent and the growth situation of rape. The dosage should be appropriate, which should not only achieve the anti-drought effect but also avoid having a negative impact on rape.

[0160] 4.5.3 Implementing the spraying:

[0161] At the initial stage of drought, 50 g of 0.1% fulvic acid aqueous solution and 10 ml of 0.01% brassinolide are mixed with 20 kg of water per mu for spraying. During spraying, it should be uniform and comprehensive to ensure that the surface of rape leaves is fully covered with the anti-drought agent; at the same time, pay attention to the arrangement of spraying time and avoid spraying during high-temperature periods or windy weather to reduce the risk of volatilization of the anti-drought agent and burning of rape leaves.

[0162] 4.5.4 Observing the effect:

[0163] After spraying the anti-drought agent, closely observe the growth situation and anti-drought effect of rape. If it is found that the growth condition of rape has improved or the drought resistance has increased, it indicates that the anti-drought agent has played a good role; if it is found that the growth of rape is abnormal or there are phytotoxicity and other situations, measures should be taken in time for remedy.

[0164] Through the above specific implementation process, the effective implementation of cold and drought prevention measures can be ensured, the cold and drought resistance of rape can be improved, and a strong guarantee can be provided for the high yield and quality of rape; at the same time, attention should also be paid to making appropriate adjustments and optimizations according to the local specific situation to improve the effect of cold and drought prevention measures.

[0165] Based on the above process of the planting method, the test parameters and conditions are designed specifically in the following way:

[0166] Experimental design

[0167] 1. Test purpose

[0168] Verify and optimize the rape planting method, including sowing, field management, cold and drought prevention measures, to improve the yield and quality of rape.

[0169] 2. Test Sites and Time

[0170] Site: Select representative farmland plots where the soil type, climate conditions, etc. meet the growth requirements of rapeseed;

[0171] Time: Determine the appropriate sowing, management, and harvesting times according to the local climate conditions.

[0172] 3. Test Materials

[0173] Seeds: Select high-quality Brassica napus seeds;

[0174] Plastic film, straw: Used for cold and drought protection measures;

[0175] Fertilizers, pesticides: Prepare according to the needs of field management;

[0176] Irrigation equipment: Ensure irrigation efficiency and water conservation.

[0177] 4. Test Design

[0178] Treatment group: Sow, manage, and protect against cold and drought according to the provided planting methods;

[0179] Control group: Adopt traditional planting methods without specific cold and drought protection measures;

[0180] Number of repetitions: Set 3 repetitions for each treatment group to improve the reliability of the test results.

[0181] Among them,

[0182] Specific treatment conditions for the treatment group

[0183] Sowing and management:

[0184] Variety selection: Select cold and drought-resistant Brassica napus varieties that should have good growth and yield performance under the extreme climate conditions in cold and arid regions;

[0185] Sowing time: According to the local climate conditions and soil conditions, select an appropriate sowing period, usually avoiding extreme low temperature or drought periods to ensure that the seeds germinate under suitable temperature and humidity conditions;

[0186] Soil preparation: Carry out deep plowing and fine tillage before sowing to improve the soil structure, enhance soil air permeability and water retention capacity; at the same time, apply an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer to provide sufficient nutrients for the growth of rapeseed;

[0187] Water-saving irrigation: Adopt water-saving irrigation methods such as drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation, and conduct precise irrigation according to the growth stage of rapeseed and the soil moisture condition to reduce water resource waste;

[0188] Plastic film mulching: Conduct plastic film mulching in a timely manner before sowing to maintain soil temperature and moisture and promote the early growth of rapeseed;

[0189] Chemical regulation: Spraying 30 g of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder plus 10 ml of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate per mu and diluting with 30 kg of water, or 15 g of 5% uniconazole plus 50 g of fulvic acid per mu and diluting with 25 - 30 kg of water for chemical regulation to cultivate strong seedlings and improve the cold and drought resistance of rapeseed during the severe cold period;

[0190] Rational close planting: Determine a reasonable planting density according to the variety characteristics and soil fertility conditions to ensure sufficient growth space between rapeseed plants;

[0191] Scientific fertilization: Develop a scientific fertilization plan based on soil test results and rapeseed growth requirements, including the application rates and ratios of basal fertilizers and top dressings;

[0192] Pest and disease control: Combine agricultural control, biological control and chemical control methods to effectively control the occurrence and spread of pests and diseases.

[0193] Cold and drought prevention measures:

[0194] Cold and drought prevention measures:

[0195] Measures for preventing freezing and protecting seedlings: Spraying 30 g of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder plus 10 ml of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate per mu and diluting with 30 kg of water, or 15 g of 5% uniconazole plus 50 g of fulvic acid per mu and diluting with 25 - 30 kg of water for chemical regulation to cultivate strong seedlings and improve the cold and drought resistance of rapeseed during the severe cold period; This measure can enhance the frost resistance of plants by increasing the cell sap concentration, and at the same time can inhibit the elongation of the contracted stem section to prevent the formation of tall and slender seedlings; About 7 - 10 days before the beginning of winter, that is, before the soil freezes, use a hoe to mound the soil on both sides of the rapeseed seedlings along the sowing row towards the plants to form ridges with a height of 5 - 10 cm, so as to mound the base and the middle and lower leaves of the plants with soil to play a role in keeping warm and resisting cold; According to the planting direction of rapeseed, evenly cover the straw above the plastic film with a thickness of 5 - 10 cm, which can effectively reduce soil moisture evaporation and maintain soil temperature, and improve the cold and drought resistance of rapeseed;

[0196] Drought prevention measures: During the dry season, strengthen soil moisture management, and timely supplement water through drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation. At the same time, water - retaining agents can be applied or foliar fertilizers can be sprayed to improve the drought resistance of rapeseed.

[0197] Specific treatment conditions of the control group

[0198] The control group adopted the traditional planting method without specific cold and drought prevention measures. The specific treatment conditions are as follows:

[0199] Variety selection: Select local conventional Brassica napus var. oleifera varieties;

[0200] Sowing and management: Sowing and management are carried out according to local traditional customs, without modern agricultural technical measures such as plastic film mulching and water-saving irrigation;

[0201] Cold protection and drought resistance: No specific cold protection and drought resistance measures are taken, and only rely on natural conditions and traditional agricultural experience for field management.

[0202] Number of replicates

[0203] To improve the reliability of the test results, 3 replicates are set for each treatment group (including the treatment group and the control group). By comparing the growth, yield, and quality indicators of rapeseed under different treatment conditions, the actual effects of the provided planting methods are evaluated.

[0204] 5. Data collection and analysis methods

[0205] Growth period investigation: Record each growth period of rapeseed from sowing to harvest, including seedling stage, budding stage, flowering stage, pod stage, maturity stage, etc.;

[0206] Economic character investigation: Measure economic characters of rapeseed such as plant height, number of branches, number of effective pods, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, etc.;

[0207] Quality analysis: Determine quality indicators of rapeseed such as oil content, protein content, fatty acid composition, etc.;

[0208] Data analysis: Use statistical software to perform variance analysis, correlation analysis, etc. on the data to evaluate the effects of different treatments on rapeseed growth, yield, and quality.

[0209] Data collection form and analysis results

[0210] 1. Growth period investigation form

[0211]

[0212] Analysis:

[0213] Emergence period: The emergence period of the treatment group is generally earlier than that of the control group, indicating that the optimized planting method (suitable sowing time and soil treatment) is beneficial to seed germination and emergence.

[0214] Budding stage: The budding stage of the treatment group is also earlier than that of the control group, indicating that the optimized management method (reasonable fertilization and irrigation) promotes the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth of rapeseed.

[0215] Flowering stage: The flowering stage of the treatment group is also earlier than that of the control group, which is related to the optimized planting density, light, and temperature management, and is beneficial to extending the flowering period and improving pollination efficiency.

[0216] Silique stage: The pod-setting period of the treatment group was advanced, indicating that the optimized planting method was beneficial to the fruit development of rapeseed and increased the fruit setting rate.

[0217] Maturity period: The maturity period of the treatment group was earlier than that of the control group, which directly affected the harvest time and yield of rapeseed. Early maturity is beneficial to avoid the impact of adverse climatic conditions in the later period and improve yield and quality.

[0218] Conclusion: The optimized planting method significantly shortened the growth period of rapeseed, improved growth efficiency, and provided a basis for high yield and high quality.

[0219] 2. Economic Characteristics Questionnaire

[0220]

[0221] analyze:

[0222] Plant height: The plant height of the treated group was generally higher than that of the control group, indicating that the optimized planting method was beneficial to the longitudinal growth of rapeseed and improved the utilization rate of light energy.

[0223] Number of branches: The number of branches in the treatment group was more than that in the control group. The increase in the number of branches was beneficial to improving the leaf area index of rapeseed and increasing the accumulation of photosynthetic products.

[0224] Number of effective siliques: The number of effective siliques in the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group, which is one of the key factors in yield composition. The optimized planting method is conducive to the formation and development of fruits.

[0225] Number of grains per corner: The number of grains per corner in the treatment group was more than that in the control group, indicating that the optimized planting method improved the fruit setting rate and grain fullness of rapeseed.

[0226] Thousand-grain weight: The thousand-grain weight of the treated group was higher than that of the control group. The increase in thousand-grain weight directly improved the yield and quality of rapeseed.

[0227] Overwintering rate: The overwintering rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group, indicating that the optimized planting method is beneficial to the development of crop root system, promotes the rooting and grain formation of rapeseed, and significantly improves the overwintering rate and yield stability of rapeseed in cold and arid areas.

[0228] Conclusion: The optimized planting method significantly improved the economic traits of rapeseed and provided strong support for improving yield and quality.

[0229] 3. Quality Analysis Table

[0230]

[0231] analyze:

[0232] Oil content: The oil content of the treated group was generally higher than that of the control group. The increase in oil content directly increased the economic value of rapeseed.

[0233] Protein content: Although the protein content in the treatment group was slightly lower than that in the control group, it was still within a reasonable range. Moreover, the optimized planting method adjusted the nitrogen supply method and optimized the balance between protein and oil.

[0234] Oleic acid content: The oleic acid content in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group. Oleic acid is a type of unsaturated fatty acid, which is beneficial to human health. The high oleic acid content improved the edible and processing qualities of rapeseed.

[0235] Linoleic acid content: The linoleic acid content in the treatment group was slightly lower than that in the control group, but it was still within an appropriate range. Linoleic acid is also an important unsaturated fatty acid, but too high a linoleic acid content may lead to a decrease in the stability of the oil.

[0236] Conclusion: The optimized planting method significantly increased the oil content and oleic acid content of rapeseed, while maintaining appropriate protein and linoleic acid contents, providing a strong guarantee for improving the quality and economic value of rapeseed.

[0237] 4. Data analysis

[0238] To evaluate the effects of different treatments (treatment group: sowing, management, cold protection, and drought resistance were carried out according to the provided planting method; control group: traditional planting method was used without specific cold protection and drought resistance measures) on the growth, yield, and quality of Brassica napus, statistical software was used to perform variance analysis (ANOVA) and correlation analysis on the data. The following are the corresponding data analysis tables and result explanations.

[0239] Data analysis table

[0240] Table 1: Variance analysis table of rapeseed growth indicators

[0241]

[0242] Table 2: Variance analysis table of rapeseed yield indicators

[0243]

[0244] Table 3: Correlation analysis table of rapeseed quality indicators

[0245]

[0246] Result explanation

[0247] Growth indicators:

[0248] According to Table 1, the plant height, leaf area, and biomass of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), indicating that sowing, management, and cold protection and drought resistance treatments according to the provided planting method significantly promoted the growth of rapeseed.

[0249] Yield index:

[0250] Table 2 shows that the yield, 1000-grain weight, and oil content of the treatment group are all higher than those of the control group, and the differences are significant (P < 0.05). This further proves the effectiveness of the provided planting method in improving the yield and quality of rapeseed.

[0251] Correlation analysis of quality indicators:

[0252] The results of the correlation analysis in Table 3 show that the oil content is positively correlated with the fatty acid composition and negatively correlated with the protein content; the protein content is weakly negatively correlated with the fatty acid composition. These correlations provide a basis for understanding the interactions between rapeseed quality indicators, but the specific mechanism still needs further study.

[0253] In summary, through variance analysis and correlation analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: Sowing, management, and cold and drought resistance treatments carried out according to the provided planting method can significantly improve the growth, yield, and quality of Brassica napus. These results not only provide a scientific basis for the efficient planting of Brassica napus in cold and arid regions but also provide strong support for the promotion and application of relevant agricultural technologies.

[0254] In the description of this specification, the descriptions referring to terms such as "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" mean that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0255] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention patent and is not intended to limit the present invention patent. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention patent shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention patent.

Claims

1. A method for planting Brassica napus in cold and arid areas, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: a. Land preparation and fertilization: Before sowing, the field should be deeply ploughed and compound fertilizer and trace element fertilizer should be applied to ensure that the soil is loose and fertile; b. Sowing: Rapeseed is planted in rows under full film covering ridges, with wide and narrow rows. The width of the belt is 110cm, of which the wide row is 60cm and the narrow row is 50cm. A hand-push rapeseed special drill is used with a row spacing of 40-50cm and a sowing rate of 300-350g per mu. c. Field management: During the growth of rapeseed, thinning, transplanting, weeding, and pest and disease control are carried out. At the same time, fertilizer and irrigation are applied according to the growth needs of rapeseed to ensure the nutrients and water required for rapeseed growth; d. Cold and drought resistance measures: In view of the climatic conditions in cold and drought areas, plant growth regulators are sprayed to cultivate strong seedlings and improve the rapeseed's ability to resist cold and drought during the severe frost period; soil-building and ridge-making before the beginning of winter are key technologies to ensure the safe wintering of winter rapeseed of Brassica napus; at the same time, mulching with mulch and straw is adopted to reduce soil moisture evaporation and maintain soil temperature, and irrigation or application of water-retaining agents and spraying of drought-resistant agents are adopted under extreme weather conditions to improve the resistance of rapeseed.

2. The method for planting Brassica napus in cold and arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step a, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 40-50 kg per mu, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer is 25:7:

8. The trace element fertilizer is boron fertilizer, and its application amount is 1 kg per mu.

3. The method for planting Brassica napus in cold and arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step b, the sowing period is from September 1 to 10 in autumn, the sowing method is mechanical drilling, wide and narrow row planting, row spacing of 40-50 cm, and the sowing amount is 300-350 g per mu.

4. The method for planting Brassica napus in cold and arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step c, the thinning is carried out after the rapeseed has fully emerged and the cotyledons are fully expanded, and the plant spacing is controlled to be 10 cm; the seedlings are fixed at the stage of 5 true leaves; the weeding is carried out at the same time as the seedling fertilizer is applied after the seedlings are fixed, using a hoeing method; and the disease and pest control is carried out according to the growth of the rapeseed and the occurrence of diseases and pests.

5. The method for planting Brassica napus in cold and arid regions according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step d, the plant growth regulator is sprayed at the rapeseed 5-6 leaf stage, and 30g of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder is diluted with 40kg of water or 15g of 5% clobutrazol is diluted with 25-30kg of water per mu for chemical regulation to cultivate strong seedlings and improve the cold resistance and drought resistance of rapeseed during the severe freezing period; at the beginning of winter, that is, about 7-10 days before the soil freezes, the soil on both sides of the rapeseed seedlings is piled up along the sowing row for the plants, and the roots are covered into ridges with a height of 5-10cm, so that the base and the middle and lower leaves of the plants can be covered with soil to play the role of heat preservation and cold protection; the straw is covered from mid-November to early December, and the covering direction is carried out according to the rapeseed planting direction, and compaction is carried out to ensure the effect; irrigation measures are taken under extremely dry weather conditions to ensure the water required for the growth of rapeseed; and the drought-resistant agent is sprayed when necessary to improve the drought resistance of rapeseed.

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