Energy-saving and environment-friendly dust absorption device for building civil engineering

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of dust absorption devices, in particular to an energy-saving and environment-friendly dust absorption device for building civil engineering, which comprises a mounting bracket. Meanwhile, fan blades drive an annular scraper to spirally ascend on the outer wall of a built-in filter pipe, so that a top contact sensor generates an electric signal and transmits the electric signal to a controller through a wire, then the controller controls a sealing plate in an inner cavity of a first dust collection cavity to be closed, and at the moment, the fan blades lose the ascending force of airflow; when the annular scraper is in contact with a bottom contact sensor, a controller controls a sealing plate in an inner cavity of a first dust collection cavity to be opened, meanwhile, the controller controls a second dust collection cavity to be closed, and the dust in the filter pipe is scraped by the annular scraper through fan blades. And the cleaning assemblies in the inner cavities of the dust collection cavity I and the dust collection cavity II circularly filter and clean.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of dust absorption devices, and particularly to a dust absorption device for energy-saving and environment-friendly building civil engineering. Background Technique

[0002] At the construction site, various processing operations of decoration materials are frequently carried out. Whether it is the cutting of wood, the grinding of stone, or the mixing and processing of various building materials, a huge amount of dust will inevitably be generated. These dusts are extremely fine and light, and they are like countless tiny elves, floating and diffusing wantonly in the air; For the construction workers at the construction site, these dusts diffused in the air bring many serious troubles and hazards. These dusts floating in the air will affect the vision and smell of the construction workers, and at the same time will cause damage to the lungs and cause diseases such as pneumoconiosis, seriously affecting physical health and quality of life, and even endangering life.

[0003] During the operation of the existing dust absorption device, although the bag filtration method is used to adsorb dust, after long-term use, a large amount of dust will accumulate on the surface of the device, resulting in the problem that the dust filtration effect gradually becomes worse; at the same time, the bag adsorption structure sprays high-pressure gas through an electromagnetic pulse valve to backflush the bag for cleaning. However, this method can only shake off the dust on the surface of the bag, and the cleaning of the bag is not thorough enough. It is also necessary to cooperate with machinery manually for cleaning, which is not energy-saving and environment-friendly enough.

[0004] Therefore, a dust absorption device for energy-saving and environment-friendly building civil engineering is needed to improve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a dust absorption device for energy-saving and environment-friendly building civil engineering to solve the problems raised in the above background technique.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: A dust absorption device for energy-saving and environment-friendly building civil engineering, including a mounting bracket, a box body is installed on the outer wall of the mounting bracket, a dust filtration component is installed on the inner wall of the box body, a cleaning component is arranged on one side of the dust filtration component, a controller is installed on the side wall of the box body, and an induced draft fan is installed on the side wall of the box body and on one side of the controller. The air outlet of the induced draft fan is connected to the side wall of the box body through a conduit, and the connection between the conduit and the box body is a communication structure.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dust filtering assembly includes a partition plate, which is installed on the opposite inner walls of the box body, and the partition plate divides the inner cavity of the box body into a first dust suction cavity and a second dust suction cavity. A duct housing is installed on the side wall of the partition plate, and one end of the duct housing is connected to the inner wall of the box body. Communication grooves are sequentially formed on the outer wall of the duct housing from left to right.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, guide rails are symmetrically installed on the outer wall of the duct housing on one side of the communication groove. A sealing plate is slidably connected to the inner wall of the guide rail. Connection blocks are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the sealing plate. An electric control cylinder is installed on the outer wall of the duct housing on one side of the connection block. One end of the electric control cylinder is connected to a connection block. Mounting plates are respectively installed on the opposite outer walls of the partition plate. Mounting holes are formed on the outer wall of the mounting plate. A mounting frame is embedded and installed on the outer wall of the partition plate on one side of the mounting hole.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a dust collection cloth bag is installed on the inner wall of the mounting frame. A mounting bracket is installed on the outer wall of the partition plate on one side of the dust collection cloth bag. An activated carbon adsorption block is installed on the outer wall of the mounting bracket, wherein the activated carbon adsorption block is located directly below the dust collection cloth bag. A ventilation fan is installed on the outer wall of the mounting bracket on one side of the activated carbon adsorption block, wherein the ventilation fan penetrates through the box body and extends to the outer wall of the box body.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cleaning assembly includes an external pipe and an internal filter pipe. The external pipe is installed on the outer wall of the mounting plate. The internal filter pipe is embedded and installed on the inner wall of the mounting hole. A sliding sleeve is slidably connected to the inner wall of the external pipe. Blades are arranged in an array on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve. A plurality of groups of blades are provided and are respectively located on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve, and the blades form an annular structure. An annular scraper is installed at one end of the blades.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the connection mode between the annular scraper and the internal filter pipe is a spiral connection. A limiting plate is installed on the bottom outer wall of the internal filter pipe. A bottom contact sensor is installed on the outer wall of the limiting plate, wherein the bottom contact sensor is located directly below the annular scraper. A top contact sensor is installed on the inner wall of the mounting plate at the connection between the external pipe and the mounting plate, wherein the top contact sensor is located directly above the sliding sleeve.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cross-section of the partition is a cross structure. An air reservoir for compressed air is installed on the outer wall of the box body. An electromagnetic pulse control valve is installed on the outer wall of the air reservoir for compressed air. One end of the electromagnetic pulse control valve is installed with a blowpipe, and the other end of the blowpipe is connected to the outer wall of the box body. The bottom outer wall of the box body is symmetrically provided with ash discharge housings, where the ash discharge housings are located directly below the external pipe, and the communication groove is located on one side of the external pipe. A manual valve is installed on the bottom outer wall of the ash discharge housing.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller is respectively connected to an induced draft fan, an electric control cylinder, a ventilation fan, a bottom contact sensor, a top contact sensor, and an electromagnetic pulse control valve through wires, and the connection method is electrical connection. The communication grooves are respectively located on one side of the dust suction cavity one and the dust suction cavity two. Two sets of cleaning components are provided and are respectively located in the inner cavities of the dust suction cavity one and the dust suction cavity two. Two sets of ventilation fans are provided and are respectively located on the outer wall of the box body.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. In the present invention, through the cleaning component in the dust absorption device for energy-saving and environmental protection in building civil engineering, and by using the upward airflow to make the fan blades force the sliding sleeve to slide upward on the inner wall of the external pipe. At the same time, the fan blades drive the annular scraper to spiral upward on the outer wall of the internal filter pipe, which will cause the top contact sensor to generate an electrical signal and conduct it to the controller through a wire. Then, the controller controls the sealing plate in the inner cavity of the dust suction cavity one to close. At this time, the fan blades lose the upward force of the airflow, and the sliding sleeve drives the annular scraper through the fan blades to scrape the dust on the internal filter pipe, causing it to fall and deposit. When the annular scraper touches the bottom contact sensor, the controller controls the sealing plate in the inner cavity of the dust suction cavity one to open, and at the same time, the controller controls the dust suction cavity two to close, so that the cleaning components in the inner cavities of the dust suction cavity one and the dust suction cavity two cycle for filtration and cleaning. This is beneficial to solving the problem that the cloth bag adsorption structure sprays high-pressure gas through the electromagnetic pulse valve to backflush the cloth bag for cleaning, but this method can only shake off the dust on the surface of the cloth bag, and the cleaning of the cloth bag is not thorough, and manual cooperation with machinery is required for cleaning, which is not energy-saving and environmental-friendly enough.

[0015] 2. In the present invention, through the dust filtering component in the dust absorption device for energy-saving and environment-friendly building civil engineering, and by using an induced draft fan to introduce the external dust gas into the inner cavity of the air duct housing, the gas then enters the first dust suction cavity through the communication groove. Subsequently, the dust is adsorbed on the outer wall of the built-in filter pipe. When the filtered gas passes through the dust collecting cloth bag, the dust collecting cloth bag will adsorb the dust again. Then, the activated carbon adsorption block located directly below the dust collecting cloth bag adsorbs the gas again. At the same time, the controller controls the ventilation fan to operate to generate suction, and the purified gas is discharged through the ventilation fan. Due to the addition of a pre-filtering structure, the dust is adsorbed multiple times, thereby making the service life of the dust collecting cloth bag longer, which is beneficial to solving the problem that in the operation process of the existing dust absorption device, although the bag filtration method is used to adsorb the dust, after long-term use, a large amount of dust will accumulate on the surface of the device, resulting in a gradual deterioration of the dust filtration effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the sectional structure of the box body of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic side view structure of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of Structure A; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of Structure B; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the dust filtering component structure of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cleaning component structure of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1. Mounting bracket; 2. Box body; 3. Dust filtering component; 301. Partition board; 302. First dust suction cavity; 303. Second dust suction cavity; 304. Air duct housing; 305. Communication groove; 306. Guide rail; 307. Sealing plate; 308. Connecting block; 309. Electric control cylinder; 310. Mounting plate; 311. Mounting hole; 312. Mounting frame; 313. Dust collecting cloth bag; 314. Mounting rack; 315. Activated carbon adsorption block; 316. Ventilation fan; 4. Cleaning component; 401. External pipe; 402. Built-in filter pipe; 403. Sliding sleeve; 404. Fan blade; 405. Annular scraper; 406. Limiting plate; 407. Bottom contact sensor; 408. Top contact sensor; 5. Controller; 6. Induced draft fan; 7. Duct; 8. Compressed air gas storage tank; 9. Electromagnetic pulse control valve; 10. Blowing pipe; 11. Ash discharge housing; 12. Manual valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0018] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] For the embodiments, please refer to Figure 1-7 The present invention provides a technical solution: A dust absorption device for energy-saving and environmental protection building civil engineering, including a mounting bracket 1, a box body 2 is installed on the outer wall of the mounting bracket 1, a dust filtering component 3 is installed on the inner wall of the box body 2, a cleaning component 4 is arranged on one side of the dust filtering component 3, a controller 5 is installed on the side wall of the box body 2, an induced draft fan 6 is installed on the side wall of the box body 2 and on one side of the controller 5, the air outlet of the induced draft fan 6 is connected to the side wall of the box body 2 through a conduit 7, and the connection between the conduit 7 and the box body 2 is a communicating structure.

[0020] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 and Figure 7, the dust filtering component 3 includes a partition plate 301 which is installed on the opposite inner walls of the box body 2. The cross-section of the partition plate 301 is a cross structure, and the partition plate 301 divides the inner cavity of the box body 2 into a first dust suction cavity 302 and a second dust suction cavity 303. An air duct housing 304 is installed on the side wall of the partition plate 301, and one end of the air duct housing 304 is connected to the inner wall of the box body 2. Connecting grooves 305 are sequentially formed on the outer wall of the air duct housing 304 from left to right. The connecting grooves 305 are located on one side of the external pipe 401, and the connecting grooves 305 are respectively located on one side of the first dust suction cavity 302 and the second dust suction cavity 303. Guide rails 306 are symmetrically installed on the outer wall of the air duct housing 304 on one side of the connecting grooves 305. A sealing plate 307 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the guide rails 306. Connecting blocks 308 are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the sealing plate 307. An electric control cylinder 309 is installed on the outer wall of the air duct housing 304 on one side of the connecting blocks 308. One end of the electric control cylinder 309 is connected to the connecting block 308. Mounting plates 310 are respectively installed on the opposite outer walls of the partition plate 301. Mounting holes 311 are formed on the outer walls of the mounting plates 310. Mounting frames 312 are embedded and installed on the outer wall of the partition plate 301 on one side of the mounting holes 311. Dust collection cloth bags 313 are installed on the inner walls of the mounting frames 312. Mounting frames 314 are installed on the outer wall of the partition plate 301 on one side of the dust collection cloth bags 313. Activated carbon adsorption blocks 315 are installed on the outer walls of the mounting frames 314. The activated carbon adsorption blocks 315 are located directly below the dust collection cloth bags 313. Ventilation fans 316 are installed on the outer wall of the mounting frames 314 on one side of the activated carbon adsorption blocks 315. The ventilation fans 316 penetrate through the box body 2 and extend to the outer wall of the box body 2. There are two groups of ventilation fans 316 which are respectively located on the outer wall of the box body 2.

[0021] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 and Figure 7, the cleaning assembly 4 includes an external pipe 401 and an internal filter pipe 402. The external pipe 401 is installed on the outer wall of the mounting plate 310, and the internal filter pipe 402 is embedded and installed on the inner wall of the mounting hole 311. A sliding sleeve 403 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the external pipe 401. A plurality of fan blades 404 are arranged in an array on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 403. Among them, multiple groups of fan blades 404 are respectively located on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 403, and the fan blades 404 are in an annular structure. An annular scraper 405 is installed at one end of the fan blade 404. The connection mode between the annular scraper 405 and the internal filter pipe 402 is a spiral connection. A limiting plate 406 is installed on the bottom outer wall of the internal filter pipe 402, and a bottom contact sensor 407 is installed on the outer wall of the limiting plate 406. Among them, the bottom contact sensor 407 is located directly below the annular scraper 405. At the connection between the external pipe 401 and the mounting plate 310 and on the inner wall of the mounting plate 310, a top contact sensor 408 is installed. Among them, the top contact sensor 408 is located directly above the sliding sleeve 403.

[0022] Furthermore, a compressed air gas bag 8 is installed on the outer wall of the box body 2. An electromagnetic pulse control valve 9 is installed on the outer wall of the compressed air gas bag 8. One end of the electromagnetic pulse control valve 9 is installed with a blowpipe 10. Among them, the other end of the blowpipe 10 is connected to the outer wall of the box body 2. Ash discharge housings 11 are symmetrically arranged on the bottom outer wall of the box body 2. Among them, the ash discharge housings 11 are located directly below the external pipe 401. A manual valve 12 is installed on the bottom outer wall of the ash discharge housing 11. Under the action that the controller 5 is electrically connected to the induced draft fan 6, the electric control cylinder 309, the ventilation fan 316, the bottom contact sensor 407, the top contact sensor 408, and the electromagnetic pulse control valve 9 through wires, the device is powered on. Furthermore, the controller 5 controls the induced draft fan 6, the electric control cylinder 309, the ventilation fan 316, the bottom contact sensor 407, the top contact sensor 408, and the electromagnetic pulse control valve 9 to be powered on and operate. Two groups of cleaning assemblies 4 are provided and are respectively located in the inner cavities of the dust suction cavity one 302 and the dust suction cavity two 303.

[0023] Working process of the present invention: When the dust absorption device for energy-saving and environmental protection building civil engineering designed by this solution is working, under the action that the controller 5 is respectively connected to the induced draft fan 6, the electric control cylinder 309, the ventilation fan 316, the bottom contact sensor 407, the top contact sensor 408 and the electromagnetic pulse control valve 9 through wires and the connection method is electrically connected, the device is powered on. Then, the controller 5 controls the induced draft fan 6, the electric control cylinder 309, the ventilation fan 316, the bottom contact sensor 407, the top contact sensor 408 and the electromagnetic pulse control valve 9 to be powered on and operate. A sealing plate 307 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the guide rail 306. Connecting blocks 308 are symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the sealing plate 307. An electric control cylinder 309 is installed on the outer wall of the air duct housing 304 on one side of the connecting block 308. Under the action that one end of the electric control cylinder 309 is connected to the connecting block 308, the switch of the controller 5 is turned on, and the controller 5 controls the electric control cylinder 309 to operate, so that one end of the electric control cylinder 309 applies a pulling force to the sealing plate 307 through the connecting block 308, and then the sealing plate 307 slides on the outer wall of the guide rail 306. Subsequently, the sealing plate 307 opens the passage of the communication groove 305. Then, an air duct housing 304 is installed on the side wall of the partition plate 301, and one end of the air duct housing 304 is connected to the inner wall of the box body 2. Communication grooves 305 are sequentially formed on the outer wall of the air duct housing 304 from left to right. An induced draft fan 6 is installed on the side wall of the box body 2. The air outlet of the induced draft fan 6 is connected to the side wall of the box body 2 through a conduit 7, and the connection between the conduit 7 and the box body 2 is a communication structure. At the same time, the controller 5 controls the induced draft fan 6 to operate. When the induced draft fan 6 operates, it will introduce the external dust gas into the inner cavity of the air duct housing 304, and then the gas enters the dust absorption cavity one 302 through the communication groove 305. Subsequently, the dust is adsorbed on the outer wall of the built-in filter tube 402. When the filtered gas passes through the dust collection cloth bag 313, the dust collection cloth bag 313 will adsorb the dust again. Then, the activated carbon adsorption block 315 directly below the dust collection cloth bag 313 adsorbs the gas again. At the same time, the controller 5 controls the ventilation fan 316 to operate to generate suction, and the purified gas is discharged through the ventilation fan 316. Due to the addition of a pre-filtering structure, the dust is adsorbed multiple times, so that the service life of the dust collection cloth bag 313 is longer, which is beneficial to solving the problem that in the operation process of the existing dust absorption device, although the bag filter method is used to adsorb the dust, after long-term use, a large amount of dust will accumulate on the surface of the device, resulting in a gradual deterioration of the dust filtering effect; Under the action of the partition plate 301 that divides the inner cavity of the box body 2 into a first dust suction cavity 302 and a second dust suction cavity 303, since the partition plate 301 divides the inner cavity of the box body 2 into two cavities, first, the sealing plate 307 in the inner cavity of the first dust suction cavity 302 is opened, so that the gas in the inner cavity of the air duct housing 304 enters the inner cavity of the first dust suction cavity 302. When the gas passes through the external pipe 401 and the internal filter pipe 402 in sequence, a sliding sleeve 403 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the external pipe 401, and a plurality of fan blades 404 are arranged in an array on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 403. Among them, multiple groups of fan blades 404 are provided and are respectively located on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve 403, and the fan blades 404 are in an annular structure. An annular scraper 405 is installed at one end of the fan blade 404. Under the action of the spiral connection between the annular scraper 405 and the internal filter pipe 402, the rising air flow drives the fan blade 404, so that the fan blade 404 drives the sliding sleeve 403 to slide upward on the inner wall of the external pipe 401. At the same time, the fan blade 404 drives the annular scraper 405 to spiral upward on the outer wall of the internal filter pipe 402. When the sliding sleeve 403 touches the top contact sensor 408, it will cause the top contact sensor 408 to generate an electrical signal and conduct it to the controller 5 through a wire. When the set parameters are reached, the controller 5 controls the sealing plate 307 in the inner cavity of the first dust suction cavity 302 to close, and at the same time, the controller 5 controls the second dust suction cavity 303 to open. Since the first dust suction cavity 302 is closed, the fan blade 404 of the cleaning component 4 in the inner cavity of the first dust suction cavity 302 loses the upward force of the air flow. Then, under the action of its own weight, the sliding sleeve 403 drives the annular scraper 405 to move downward through the fan blade 404. When the annular scraper 405 moves downward, it will cause the annular scraper 405 to scrape the dust on the outer wall of the internal filter pipe 402, so that the dust falls into the inner cavity of the dust discharge housing 11 for deposition. When the annular scraper 405 touches the bottom contact sensor 407, it will cause the bottom contact sensor 407 to generate an electrical signal and conduct it to the controller 5 through a wire. When the set parameters are reached, the controller 5 controls the sealing plate 307 in the inner cavity of the first dust suction cavity 302 to open, and at the same time, the controller 5 controls the second dust suction cavity 303 to close. Through the contact sensing of the bottom contact sensor 407 and the top contact sensor 408 arranged in the cleaning component 4, the first dust suction cavity 302 and the second dust suction cavity 303 are cycled for filtering and cleaning. When the first dust suction cavity 302 filters, the cleaning component 4 in the inner cavity of the second dust suction cavity 303 is cleaned. When the second dust suction cavity 303 filters, the cleaning component 4 in the inner cavity of the first dust suction cavity 302 is cleaned. This is beneficial to solving the problem that the cloth bag adsorption structure sprays high-pressure gas through an electromagnetic pulse valve to backflush the cloth bag for cleaning. However, this method can only shake off the dust on the surface of the cloth bag, and the cleaning of the cloth bag is not thorough. It also requires manual cooperation with machinery for cleaning, which is not energy-saving and environmentally friendly.

[0024] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An energy-saving and environmentally friendly dust absorption device for building and civil engineering, comprising a mounting bracket (1), characterized in that: A box (2) is mounted on the outer wall of the mounting bracket (1), a dust filter assembly (3) is mounted on the inner wall of the box (2), a cleaning assembly (4) is arranged on one side of the dust filter assembly (3), a controller (5) is mounted on the side wall of the box (2), an induced draft fan (6) is mounted on one side of the controller (5) and located on the side wall of the box (2), an air outlet of the induced draft fan (6) is connected to the side wall of the box (2) via a duct (7), and the connection between the duct (7) and the box (2) is a communicating structure; The dust filter assembly (3) comprises a partition (301), the partition (301) being mounted on opposite inner walls of the box (2), and the partition (301) dividing the inner cavity of the box (2) into a first dust collection cavity (302) and a second dust collection cavity (303), an air duct housing (304) being mounted on a side wall of the partition (301), and one end of the air duct housing (304) being connected to the inner wall of the box (2), and connecting grooves (305) being sequentially provided from left to right on the outer wall of the air duct housing (304); A guide rail (306) is symmetrically mounted on one side of the connecting groove (305) and located on the outer wall of the air duct housing (304); a sealing plate (307) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the guide rail (306); a connecting block (308) is symmetrically arranged on the outer wall of the sealing plate (307); an electric control cylinder (309) is mounted on one side of the connecting block (308) and located on the outer wall of the air duct housing (304); one end of the electric control cylinder (309) is connected to the connecting block (308); mounting plates (310) are respectively mounted on the opposite outer walls of the partition (301); mounting holes (311) are opened on the outer walls of the mounting plates (310); and a mounting frame (312) is embedded and mounted on one side of the mounting hole (311) and located on the outer wall of the partition (301); A dust collecting bag (313) is mounted on the inner wall of the mounting frame (312); a mounting frame (314) is mounted on one side of the dust collecting bag (313) and located on the outer wall of the partition (301); an activated carbon adsorption block (315) is mounted on the outer wall of the mounting frame (314), wherein the activated carbon adsorption block (315) is located directly below the dust collecting bag (313); a ventilation fan (316) is mounted on one side of the activated carbon adsorption block (315) and located on the outer wall of the mounting frame (314), wherein the ventilation fan (316) penetrates the box body (2) and extends to the outer wall of the box body (2).

2. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly dust absorption device for building and civil engineering according to claim 1 is characterized by: The cleaning component (4) comprises an external tube (401) and an internal filter tube (402); the external tube (401) is mounted on the outer wall of the mounting plate (310); the internal filter tube (402) is embedded in the inner wall of the mounting hole (311); a sliding sleeve (403) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the external tube (401); fan blades (404) are arranged in an array on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve (403); the fan blades (404) are arranged in multiple groups and are respectively located on the inner wall of the sliding sleeve (403); the fan blades (404) are in an annular structure; and an annular scraper (405) is installed at one end of the fan blade (404).

3. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly dust absorption device for building and civil engineering according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The annular scraper (405) and the built-in filter tube (402) are connected in a spiral connection manner; a limit plate (406) is installed on the bottom outer wall of the built-in filter tube (402); a bottom contact sensor (407) is installed on the outer wall of the limit plate (406); the bottom contact sensor (407) is located directly below the annular scraper (405); a top contact sensor (408) is installed at the connection between the external tube (401) and the mounting plate (310) and on the inner wall of the mounting plate (310); the top contact sensor (408) is located directly above the sliding sleeve (403).

4. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly dust absorption device for building and civil engineering according to claim 3 is characterized by: The cross section of the partition (301) is a cross structure, a compressed air bag (8) is installed on the outer wall of the box body (2), an electromagnetic pulse control valve (9) is installed on the outer wall of the compressed air bag (8), a blow pipe (10) is installed at one end of the electromagnetic pulse control valve (9), wherein the other end of the blow pipe (10) is connected to the outer wall of the box body (2), and an ash discharge shell (11) is symmetrically arranged on the bottom outer wall of the box body (2), wherein the ash discharge shell (11) is located directly below the external pipe (401), and the connecting groove (305) is located on one side of the external pipe (401), and a manual valve (12) is installed on the bottom outer wall of the ash discharge shell (11).

5. The energy-saving and environmentally friendly dust absorption device for building and civil engineering according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The controller (5) is respectively connected to the induced draft fan (6), the electric control cylinder (309), the ventilation fan (316), the bottom contact sensor (407), the top contact sensor (408) and the electromagnetic pulse control valve (9) through wires, and the connection method is electrical connection. The connecting groove (305) is respectively located on one side of the first dust suction chamber (302) and the second dust suction chamber (303). The cleaning components (4) are provided in two groups and are respectively located in the inner cavities of the first dust suction chamber (302) and the second dust suction chamber (303). The ventilation fans (316) are provided in two groups and are respectively located on the outer wall of the box body (2).

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