Full-spectrum plasma and microcapsule driven cultural relic repair system and repair method

Abstract

According to the full-spectrum plasma and microcapsule driven cultural relic repairing system and method, multiple frontier technologies are innovatively integrated, and the limitation of a traditional method is solved. The repairing system comprises a full-spectrum plasma processing module, a microcapsule spraying and protective film generating module, a secondary plasma curing processing module, an environment monitoring and intelligent adjusting module and an intelligent decision support and data analysis module. The repairing method comprises the following steps: S1, cleaning and activating the surface of a to-be-repaired cultural relic in a plasma treatment mode; s2, spraying a protective film on the surface of the cultural relic in a microcapsule spraying manner; and S3, performing efficient cross-linking and function strengthening treatment on the cultural relic surface protection film by adopting a secondary plasma curing treatment mode. According to the method, differential protection of the multi-material cultural relics is realized through collaborative innovation of full-spectrum plasma treatment and a microcapsule spraying technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cultural relic protection and restoration, and specifically to a cultural relic restoration system and method driven by full-spectrum plasma and microcapsules. Background Art

[0002] The core technical contradiction faced in the current cultural relic protection field is that traditional methods are difficult to balance the coordinated requirements of surface treatment and long-term protection, and although emerging technologies have made breakthroughs in single functions, they lack a systematic protection solution for cultural relics of multiple materials. The specific manifestations are as follows in three aspects:

[0003] (1) The fragmentation defect of traditional protection technologies: In the existing cultural relic protection process, surface cleaning, preparation of protective coatings, and environmental control are often implemented as independent links. For example, although chemical cleaning can remove pollutants, residual reagents are likely to cause secondary corrosion; manual coating of protective films depends on empirical operations and is difficult to adapt to the surface characteristics of different materials such as metals, ceramics, and organic matters, resulting in insufficient adhesion or single function. More critically, traditional methods have not established a correlation mechanism between surface treatment and coating functions, and the surface activation after cleaning is insufficient, making the protective film prone to peeling or aging and unable to achieve long-term protection.

[0004] (2) The bottleneck of isolated application of emerging technologies: Although plasma technology shows advantages in surface cleaning and activation, its application is mostly limited to the pretreatment stage and does not form a synergistic effect with subsequent functional coatings. For example, the surface active groups after plasma treatment are not effectively utilized, resulting in insufficient coating bonding strength; although microcapsule technology has self-healing or slow-release functions, the research on the compatibility of its spraying process with cultural relic materials is insufficient, and there is a lack of means to strengthen the bonding at the microcapsule-matrix interface, resulting in low functional release efficiency. In the existing technology, plasma treatment and microcapsule coatings are regarded as independent modules and do not form a closed-loop technology chain of surface activation-functional loading-performance enhancement.

[0005] (3) The lack of system integration and functional coordination: There has not been a solution in the cultural relic protection field that deeply integrates plasma surface modification and microcapsule-functionalized coatings. Existing research either focuses on optimizing plasma parameters or explores the design of microcapsule structures, but there is a lack of a coordination mechanism between the two: Plasma treatment is not directionally activated for the anchoring requirements of microcapsules, and microcapsule spraying does not consider the surface characteristics after plasma treatment, resulting in limited performance of the protective film. In addition, there is a lack of dynamic feedback between environmental control technology and the long-term effectiveness of the protective film, making it difficult to cope with the continuous threat of complex preservation environments to cultural relics.

[0006] In summary, there is an urgent need in the field of cultural relics protection for a technical system that deeply integrates plasma surface modification and microcapsule-functionalized coatings. By enhancing the interfacial bonding between microcapsules and the cultural relic matrix through plasma activation, strengthening the performance of the protective film through secondary plasma treatment, and establishing an intelligent linkage mechanism for environmental response and function release. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultural relic restoration system and restoration method driven by full-spectrum plasma and microcapsules. By innovatively integrating a number of cutting-edge technologies, it solves the limitations of traditional methods, fills the gaps in emerging technologies, and provides an efficient, safe, and intelligent comprehensive solution for the long-term preservation of cultural heritage.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a cultural relic restoration system driven by full-spectrum plasma and microcapsules, including a full-spectrum plasma treatment module, a microcapsule spraying and protective film generation module, a secondary plasma curing treatment module, an environmental monitoring and intelligent adjustment module, and an intelligent decision-making support and data analysis module;

[0009] The full-spectrum plasma treatment module includes a plasma generator, a gas delivery component, a temperature control component, a gas mixer, and a cooling component;

[0010] The microcapsule spraying and protective film generation module includes a microcapsule suspension storage device, a spraying device, a nozzle, and a pressure control component;

[0011] The secondary plasma curing treatment module includes a plasma generator, a gas delivery component, a temperature control component, and a gas mixer;

[0012] The environmental monitoring and intelligent adjustment module includes a sensor array, a data acquisition and processing unit, a PID control component, and an environmental adjustment device;

[0013] The intelligent decision-making support and data analysis module includes a data analysis platform, a decision-making support component, and a data storage and management component.

[0014] Furthermore, the environmental adjustment device includes an air conditioner, a humidifier, and an LED light source.

[0015] The present invention also provides a restoration method for a cultural relic restoration system driven by full-spectrum plasma and microcapsules, including the following steps:

[0016] S1. Clean and activate the surface of the cultural relic to be restored using a plasma treatment method;

[0017] S2. Spray a protective film on the surface of the cultural relic using a microcapsule spraying method;

[0018] S3. Adopt the secondary plasma curing treatment method to conduct efficient cross-linking and functional strengthening treatment on the surface protective film of cultural relics.

[0019] Furthermore, in step S1, select the cold / hot plasma treatment mode according to the material properties of the cultural relics to clean the surface of the cultural relics; for cultural relics made of metal materials, adopt the hot plasma treatment method; for cultural relics made of organic materials, adopt the cold plasma treatment method; for cultural relics made of ceramic / stone materials, adopt the pulsed plasma treatment method.

[0020] Furthermore, when cleaning the surface of the cultural relics in step S1, the gas mixer dynamically adjusts the gas ratio according to the material of the cultural relics; for cultural relics made of metal materials, use the Ar+H 2 mixed gas, and the ratio of Ar to H 2 is Ar:H 2 =7:3; for cultural relics made of organic materials, adopt the Ar+O 2 mixed gas, and the ratio of Ar to O 2 is Ar:O 2 =9:1; for cultural relics made of ceramic / stone materials, for salt crystal removal, adopt the Ar+N 2 mixed gas, and the ratio of Ar to N 2 is Ar:N 2 =8:2; for hydrophobic modification, adopt the Ar+CF 4 mixed gas, and the ratio of Ar to CF 4 is Ar:CF 4 =95:5.

[0021] Furthermore, when activating the surface of the cultural relics in step S1, for cultural relics made of metal materials, use the Ar+CH 4 mixed gas, and the ratio of Ar to CH 4 is Ar:CF 4 =9:1; for cultural relics made of organic materials, use the Ar+O 2 mixed gas, and the ratio of Ar to O 2 is Ar:O 2 =9:1; for cultural relics made of ceramic / stone materials, adopt the Ar+CF 4 mixed gas, and the ratio of Ar to CH 4 is Ar:CF 4 =95:5.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the collaborative innovation of the full-spectrum plasma treatment and the microcapsule spraying technology, the present invention realizes the differential protection of cultural relics made of multiple materials such as metal, ceramic, and organic matter. The system adopts the intelligent dynamic adaptation technology to automatically adjust the plasma treatment mode and the microcapsule spraying process according to the material characteristics of the cultural relics, breaking through the technical bottleneck that a single process in the traditional method is difficult to adapt to multiple materials.

[0023] In terms of the performance of the protective film, the present invention forms a multifunctional composite film layer through the synergistic effect of microcapsules and secondary plasma. The carbon-based anti-corrosion film effectively blocks the penetration of corrosive media, the self-healing film automatically repairs damage by responding to environmental stress, and the super-hydrophobic film layer significantly enhances the anti-fouling ability. This multi-level protection system solves the problems of easy aging and single function of traditional coatings, and extends the long-term effectiveness of cultural relics against environmental erosion.

[0024] The intelligent module of system integration optimizes the parameters of the entire process of cultural relic protection in real time through a multi-modal sensor network and machine learning algorithms, reducing human error and improving processing efficiency. The closed-loop environmental control technology combines a low-energy plasma source and a degradable microcapsule material, reducing the usage amount of chemical reagents and energy consumption, and conforming to the development trend of green technology.

[0025] Specific sensor layouts are designed for different cultural relic materials to achieve omni-directional environmental monitoring; through the PID control algorithm and the three-level alarm mechanism, accurate adjustment of environmental parameters and rapid response to abnormalities are ensured.

[0026] In addition, the intelligent early warning mechanism provides forward-looking maintenance suggestions for the preservation of cultural relics through a long-term performance prediction model, minimizing the risk of secondary damage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the restoration system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0028] The intelligent cultural relic protection and ecological restoration system of the present invention constructs a highly integrated and intelligent cultural relic protection solution through the full-spectrum plasma and microcapsule co-driving technology, combined with the intelligent environment regulation and decision support module. The system realizes the full-process protection of the surface cleaning, protective film generation and long-term maintenance of cultural relics, ensuring that cultural relics are continuously protected under the best environmental conditions. The system architecture includes five modules: the full-spectrum plasma processing module, the microcapsule spraying and protective film generation module, the secondary plasma curing processing module, the environmental monitoring and intelligent regulation module, and the intelligent decision support and data analysis module. Each module interacts with the control center in real time through the data bus to form a collaborative operation network. The specific functions and working principles of each module of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0029] I. Full-spectrum plasma processing module.

[0030] 1.1 Structural composition: It includes a plasma generator, a gas delivery component, a temperature control component, a gas mixer, and a cooling component. The temperature control component includes a water-cooled sleeve and an infrared monitor, and the infrared monitor monitors the temperature of cultural relics in real time. The gas mixer dynamically adjusts the gas ratio according to the material of cultural relics, such as metal, ceramic or organic matter.

[0031] 1.2 Working principle: This module precisely adjusts the power of the plasma, gas ratio, and processing time according to the different materials of cultural relics through cold plasma, hot plasma, or pulsed plasma modes. During the processing, it effectively removes surface dirt, corrosive residues, and microorganisms, enhances the surface hydrophilicity and activity, and lays a foundation for the subsequent attachment of the microcapsule protective film. It includes the primary treatment stage and the secondary strengthening stage. In the primary treatment stage, the gas delivery component injects the mixed gas into the plasma generator to generate cold / hot mode plasma. By adjusting the power supply of the plasma generator and the impedance matching network to adapt to the energy requirements of different materials, pollutant removal and surface activation are completed. In the secondary strengthening stage, the temperature control component precisely controls the temperature, keeping the temperature of metal cultural relics ≤ 200 °C and the temperature of organic cultural relics ≤ 40 °C. The cooling component maintains the equipment stability, and the gas mixer dynamically adjusts the secondary treatment gas, such as Ar and CH 4 , triggering the cross-linking reaction of the microcapsule coating and enhancing the mechanical strength and functional stability of the protective film. The full-spectrum plasma treatment module realizes precise positioning of the treatment area through the XYZ-axis fine-tuning stage, provides an active substrate for subsequent microcapsule spraying, and forms a full-cycle treatment chain of cleaning-activation-strengthening.

[0032] 1.3 Function: It conducts surface cleaning treatment, surface activation treatment, and disinfection on the surface of cultural relics, providing a high-quality surface foundation for the attachment of the microcapsule coating.

[0033] 1.4 Surface cleaning treatment: The technical goal of surface cleaning treatment aims to target the pollutants existing on the surfaces of cultural relics of different materials, such as rust layers, microorganisms, and salt crystals, and adopt customized plasma parameters through theoretical analysis and experimental verification to achieve efficient cleaning while avoiding damage to the cultural relic substrate.

[0034] 1.4.1 For metal cultural relics, such as bronze wares and iron wares.

[0035] Plasma mode: The hot plasma mode is adopted for surface cleaning through staged gradient treatment.

[0036] Gas ratio: It is recommended to use the Ar + H 2 mixed gas, with the ratio of Ar and H 2 being Ar:H 2 = 7:3, where the volume proportion of H 2 is controlled within 4%, which can effectively remove the corrosive residues on the metal surface.

[0037] Core parameters: (1) Power range: It is recommended to set the power between 200 - 500 W and adjust it in stages according to the degree of contamination. (2) Processing time: It includes 5 minutes of pre - cleaning, 10 minutes of deep reduction, and 3 minutes of surface leveling; the actual time can be appropriately fine - tuned according to the surface condition of the cultural relics and the results of preliminary experiments. (3) Temperature control: To prevent thermal damage, control the surface temperature ≤ 200 °C; use a water - cooling system with a flow rate maintained above about 5 L / min.

[0038] Technical effect: Through the above - mentioned parameter optimization and staged treatment, the rust layer, salt crystals, and harmful microorganisms on the surface of metal cultural relics can be effectively removed, making the surface morphology uniform, the pores reduced, and the roughness decreased after treatment, providing an excellent adhesion basis for subsequent protective coatings.

[0039] 1.4.2 For organic materials such as paper and silk.

[0040] Plasma mode: Adopt cold plasma technology, that is, dielectric barrier discharge mode, to avoid damage to fragile organic cultural relics caused by high temperature.

[0041] Gas ratio: Adopt Ar + O 2 mixed gas, and the ratio of Ar and O 2 is Ar:O 2 = 9:1, where the volume proportion of O 2 does not exceed 10%.

[0042] Core parameters: (1) Power range: The power range is 50 - 120 W, and the pulse duty cycle is set at 30% - 50%. (2) Processing time: Sterilization treatment for 3 minutes, followed by surface modification for 2 minutes; the time can be adjusted according to the specific sensitivity of the cultural relics. (3) Temperature control: Use infrared thermal imaging for real - time monitoring to ensure that the surface temperature of the cultural relics remains below 40 °C, so as to maintain the original physical and chemical properties.

[0043] Technical effect: After cold plasma treatment, the microbial load on the surface of organic cultural relics can be significantly reduced, and at the same time, the surface activity can be improved, ensuring the material stability during subsequent protection processes.

[0044] 1.4.3 For ceramic / stone cultural relics.

[0045] Plasma mode: Adopt pulse plasma technology, that is, high - frequency physical sputtering mode, to specifically remove salt crystals on the surface of ceramic or stone cultural relics or perform hydrophobic modification.

[0046] Gas ratio: For salt crystal removal, adopt Ar + N 2 mixed gas, and the ratio of Ar and N 2 is Ar:N 2 = 8:2; for hydrophobic modification, adopt Ar + CF 4Mixed gas, Ar and CF 4 The ratio is Ar:CF 4 = 95:5.

[0047] Core parameters: (1) Power range: It is recommended to be between 150 - 350 W, and the pulse width is controlled within 1 - 10 μs. (2) Processing time: It is expected that it takes 8 minutes to remove salt crystals. If crack repair is required, about 5 minutes can be added; the time can be adjusted according to the pre-experiment data.

[0048] Technical effect: After pulsed plasma treatment, the salt crystals on the surface of cultural relics can be effectively removed, while improving its surface state, enhancing the hydrophobic property, and expected to improve the resistance of cultural relics to environmental erosion, providing support for long-term preservation.

[0049] 1.5 Surface activation treatment: The technical goal of surface activation treatment is to use plasma to induce the formation of nanostructures and chemically active groups on the surface, thereby enhancing the adhesion and functional release efficiency of the subsequent microcapsule coating.

[0050] 1.5.1 Activate metal cultural relics.

[0051] Activation process: (1) Gas selection: Use Ar + CH 4 Mixed gas, Ar and CH 4 The ratio is Ar:CF 4 = 9:1. (2) Process conditions: The power is set to 350 W, and the processing time is 8 minutes; monitored in real time by an ellipsometer, the deposition rate is expected to be 15 nm / min.

[0052] Activation mechanism: CH 4 cracks in the plasma to generate nano-carbon particles, and these carbon particles exhibit sp 2 hybrid structure, forming a conductive network, which helps to inhibit electrochemical corrosion.

[0053] Technical effect: After treatment, the adhesion of the coating on the surface of metal cultural relics is significantly enhanced, the electrochemical impedance is increased, and the corrosion resistance is expected to be significantly improved compared with traditional methods.

[0054] 1.5.2 Activate organic materials.

[0055] Activation process: (1) Gas selection: Use Ar + O 2 Mixed gas, Ar and O 2 The ratio is Ar:O 2 = 9:1. (2) Process conditions: The power is set to 100 W, and the processing time is 3 minutes; the target surface energy is expected to be increased to 65 mN / m.

[0056] Activation mechanism: O 2Plasma can oxidize organic materials such as cellulose to generate aldehyde groups -CHO, and these active groups can react with polyurethane in the microcapsule coating through hydrogen bonds and covalent bonds to enhance the binding force.

[0057] Technical effect: After activation, the binding strength between the surface of the cultural relic and the coating is significantly improved, ensuring stability even in high-temperature and high-humidity environments, thus meeting the long-term protection requirements.

[0058] 1.5.3 Activate stone / ceramics.

[0059] Activation process: (1) Gas selection: Use Ar + CF 4 mixed gas, and the ratio of Ar and CH 4 is Ar:CF 4 = 95:5. (2) Process conditions: Power is 200W, treatment time is 10 minutes; after detection by a white light interferometer, the expected surface roughness Ra can reach 80nm.

[0060] Activation mechanism: CF 4 Plasma etching can form a nano-columnar structure on the surface of the cultural relic, and this structure can increase the mechanical anchoring effect and enhance the adhesion of the subsequent coating.

[0061] Technical effect: After activation, the protective coating can penetrate deeper into the surface of the cultural relic, improving the binding strength and wear resistance, and is suitable for long-term cultural relic protection applications.

[0062] II. Microcapsule spraying and protective film generation module

[0063] 2.1 Structural composition: It includes a microcapsule suspension storage device, spraying equipment, a nozzle, and a pneumatic control component. The microcapsule suspension storage device has an independent three-chamber, which stores the core materials of the self-healing agent, antioxidant, and fluorinating agent respectively, and ensures the uniform dispersion of the suspension through ultrasonic atomization, and releases specific core material combinations according to the needs of the cultural relic material. The spraying equipment is equipped with a piezoelectric spray gun array, integrated with an electrostatic field guiding plate, and the pneumatic control component dynamically adjusts the spraying parameters to adapt to different material requirements: for example, for fragile materials such as silk, low-pressure wide-width spraying is used, with the pressure controlled at 0.2 - 0.3MPa and the nozzle distance of 20 - 30cm; for wear-resistant materials such as bronze, high-pressure precise spraying is used, with the pressure increased to 0.4 - 0.5MPa and the nozzle distance shortened to 10 - 20cm.

[0064] 2.2 Working principle: This module uses microcapsule technology to encapsulate the active ingredients of the self-healing agent and antioxidant in microcapsules, and evenly sprays them on the surface of the cultural relic through spraying technology. The microcapsule film layer can release the active ingredients to repair the damaged area when subjected to external pressure, ensuring the self-healing property and long-term stability of the film layer.

[0065] 2.3 Function: A multifunctional protective film is formed on the surface of cultural relics through microcapsule technology, endowing the cultural relics with self-healing, antioxidant, and anti-mildew properties to ensure the long-term stability of the cultural relics.

[0066] 2.4 Microcapsule self-healing technology: The microcapsule self-healing technology endows the protective film with self-healing, antioxidant, and anti-mildew properties by optimizing the microcapsule structure parameters and spraying process, which specifically includes the following:

[0067] 2.4.1 Microcapsule structure parameters.

[0068] Particle size distribution: 10 - 200 μm, verified by a laser particle size analyzer, D50 = 50 μm ± 10%.

[0069] Shell thickness: 50 - 500 nm, measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the shell material is polyurethane or silica.

[0070] Core material loading rate: 60 - 80%, determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the core material is a mixture of self-healing agent / antioxidant.

[0071] 2.4.2 Function triggering mechanism.

[0072] 2.4.2.1 Self-healing agent release.

[0073] Triggering condition: The local pressure > 0.5 MPa due to damage to the film layer, obtained through piezoelectric sensor detection.

[0074] Release rate: 0.1 - 0.5 μL / (cm 2 ·min), positively correlated with the porosity of the microcapsule shell.

[0075] Repair effect: The scratch width can be restored by 88% - 92% within 24 hours.

[0076] 2.4.2.2 Antioxidant slow release.

[0077] Slow release period: 30 - 180 days, regulated by the shell porosity of 5 - 20 nm.

[0078] Release rate model: Follows Fick's diffusion law.

[0079] 2.4.3. Optimization of spraying process

[0080] Parameter type Fragile materials (paper, silk) Wear-resistant materials (metal, ceramic) Spraying pressure 0.2 - 0.3 MPa 0.4 - 0.5 MPa Nozzle distance 20 - 30 cm 10 - 20 cm Spraying speed 5 - 10 cm / s 10 - 20 cm / s Drying conditions Normal temperature ventilation (25°C, RH < 40%) UV curing (wavelength 365 nm)

[0081] 2.4.4 Safety control mechanism

[0082] Anti-blocking design: A piezoelectric vibrator is built into the nozzle, with a frequency of 1 - 5 kHz, to prevent the deposition of the microcapsule suspension.

[0083] Film thickness uniformity control: The coating thickness is monitored in real time by a laser triangulation rangefinder, and the fluctuation range is ≤ ±10%.

[0084] III. Secondary plasma curing treatment module

[0085] 3.1 Structural composition: It includes a plasma generator, a gas delivery component, a temperature control component, and a gas mixer.

[0086] 3.2 Working principle: After microcapsule spraying, a preliminary protective film is formed on the surface of the cultural relic. This module performs secondary treatment on the surface of the cultural relic through thermal plasma or pulsed plasma to promote the cross-linking of the microcapsule shell layer and the directional arrangement of functional groups, further enhancing the adhesion and stability of the protective film.

[0087] 3.2.1 Carbon-based film strengthening principle.

[0088] Methane cracking: CH 4 →C(sp 2 hybridization)+H 2 , By adjusting the deposition parameters, such as a deposition rate of 20 nm / min, a dense and uniform carbon-based protective film is formed on the surface of the cultural relic.

[0089] Salt spray resistance: It is expected that the protective film can maintain a rust-free state in a 240-hour salt spray environment. At the same time, through the theoretical derivation of the Tafel polarization curve, the electrochemical corrosion rate of the protective film is expected to be significantly reduced, and its corrosion rate has decreased significantly compared with traditional treatment methods.

[0090] 3.2.2 Polymer film cross-linking principle.

[0091] Oxygen radical initiation: ·OH attacks the epoxy group to form a three-dimensional network.

[0092] Self-healing efficiency: The self-healing film can recover most of the damage through its self-healing mechanism after a scratch occurs, and the repair rate reaches more than 90%. The specific repair efficiency is affected by the scratch width, environmental conditions, and film layer properties, and will vary according to the process parameters in actual applications.

[0093] 3.2.3 Hydrophobic film fluorination principle.

[0094] Fluorocarbon chain orientation: Through fluorination treatment, the directional arrangement of fluorocarbon chains is introduced to form a surface structure with high hydrophobicity. The arrangement of fluorocarbon chains acts jointly through physical adsorption and chemical bonding to further enhance the surface energy of the film and increase the contact angle.

[0095] Surface hydrophobic property retention: Theoretical analysis shows that after sand and dust scouring, the surface hydrophobic property of the fluorinated film can still be maintained well, the contact angle remains above 110°, and the film layer has high wear resistance and chemical stability.

[0096] 3.3 Function: Through secondary plasma treatment, the microcapsule protective film is strengthened to improve its adhesion, weather resistance and functional stability.

[0097] 3.4 A self-healing, weather-resistant protective film is formed through the synergistic effect of microcapsule spraying and secondary plasma curing. The types of protective films and applicable scenarios are shown in Table 1.

[0098] Table 1 Protective film types and applicable scenarios

[0099]

[0100] In plasma treatment, high-energy particle bombardment is used to achieve surface cleaning and activation. The formula is E = P × t / A, where E is energy density, P is power, t is treatment time, and A is treatment area. In microcapsule spraying, the core material, such as self-healing agent, is released through pressure response to fill microcracks and form a continuous protective film. The formula is Q is the release amount, ΔP is the pressure difference, and k is the shell permeability coefficient. By adjusting the gas ratio, such as Ar and CH 4 , or Ar and O 2 ), inducing cross-linking of the microcapsule shell and directional arrangement of functional groups, improving the weather resistance of the protective film.

[0101] 4. Environmental monitoring and intelligent adjustment module

[0102] 4.1 Structural composition: It includes a sensor array, a data acquisition and processing unit, a PID control component and an environmental conditioning device. The environmental conditioning device includes an air conditioner, a humidifier and an LED light source. The sensor array monitors temperature and humidity, light intensity and pollutant concentration in real time. The data acquisition and processing unit runs a machine learning model through an edge computing chip to dynamically optimize the threshold of environmental parameters. The PID control component links the air conditioner and humidifier according to the type of coating, such as a hydrophobic film or a self-healing film, to accurately control the temperature and humidity of the storage chamber within a preset range. For example, for metal cultural relics, the temperature is controlled at 25℃±1℃ and the humidity is controlled at RH 45%±3%). The LED light source provides appropriate light intensity. For example, for paper cultural relics, the light intensity is ≤50lux.

[0103] 4.2 Working Principle: This module collects environmental data in real time through a variety of sensors, such as temperature and humidity sensors, ultraviolet sensors, and gas concentration sensors, and automatically adjusts the temperature, humidity, and light intensity environmental conditions according to the set thresholds and intelligent adjustment algorithms. Through PID control components, the stability and suitability of the cultural relics preservation environment are ensured.

[0104] The environmental monitoring and intelligent adjustment module uses a high-precision sensor network and dynamic adjustment algorithm to monitor and optimize the cultural relic preservation environment in real time to ensure that the cultural relics are in the best preservation state. Specifically, it includes the following contents:

[0105] 4.2.1 Sensor network layout

[0106] 4.2.1.1 Bronze ware monitoring layout, as shown in Table 2.

[0107] Table 2 Bronze ware monitoring sensor layout

[0108]

[0109] 4.2.1.2 Silk painting and calligraphy monitoring layout, as shown in Table 3.

[0110] Table 3 Silk painting and calligraphy monitoring sensor layout

[0111]

[0112] 4.2.2 Dynamic adjustment algorithm.

[0113] (1) 1 PID control parameters: proportional coefficient Kp = 2.0; integral time Ti = 300 s; derivative time Td = 60 s.

[0114] (2) Temperature and humidity fluctuation control: ≤ ±0.3 °C / ±3% RH.

[0115] (3) Lighting control: adopt LED light source, color temperature adjustable from 2700K to 6500K.

[0116] (4) Ultraviolet suppression: ultraviolet intensity < 75 μW / lm.

[0117] 4.2.3 Abnormal response mechanism, adopt a three-level alarm strategy, as shown in Table 4.

[0118] Table 4 Three-level alarm strategy

[0119] Alarm level Trigger condition Response action Level 1 Temperature / humidity overlimit < 30 minutes Audible and visual alarm, automatically start regulating equipment Level 2 Overlimit 30 - 60 minutes Turn off non-essential equipment, push SMS notifications Level 3 Overlimit > 60 minutes Start emergency thermostat, generate accident report

[0120] 4.2.4 Redundancy design:

[0121] For key parameters, such as temperature and humidity, methane concentration, use dual sensors for cross-verification, and start self-check when the deviation > 10%; the UPS backup power supply can maintain the system operation for ≥ 30 minutes, and the switching delay < 50 ms.

[0122] 4.3 Function: Real-time monitor the physical and chemical parameters of the cultural relic storage environment, and optimize the environmental conditions through intelligent adjustment to ensure that the cultural relics are in the best preservation state.

[0123] V. Intelligent decision support and data analysis module

[0124] 5.1 Structural composition: includes a data analysis platform, a decision support component, and a data storage and management component.

[0125] 5.2 Working Principle: This module analyzes the real-time monitoring data through the machine learning algorithms built into the data analysis platform to evaluate the damage degree, corrosion rate, and protection effect of cultural relics, thereby generating optimized cultural relic protection strategies. The machine learning algorithms include Random Forest and LSTM, which continuously optimize decisions through incremental learning, reduce human intervention, and improve the efficiency of cultural relic protection.

[0126] 5.3 Function: Based on the analysis of real-time data and historical data, it provides scientific decision-making support for cultural relic protection and dynamically optimizes protection strategies.

[0127] 5.4 The intelligent decision-making support and data analysis module dynamically generates cultural relic protection strategies through machine learning algorithms and big data analysis, improving the efficiency and accuracy of protection measures. The specific contents are as follows:

[0128] 5.4.1 Algorithm Architecture.

[0129] 5.4.1.1 Model Selection:

[0130] (1) Lightweight Model: Random Forest, number of decision trees = 100, maximum depth = 10.

[0131] (2) Time Series Prediction Model: LSTM network, number of hidden layer units = 64, time step = 30 days.

[0132] 5.4.1.2 Feature Engineering:

[0133] (1) Input Parameters: Include environmental data, cultural relic materials, historical damage records, and protective film performance indicators. Environmental data such as temperature, humidity, and light.

[0134] (2) Feature Encoding: For non-numerical parameters, such as material types, use One-Hot encoding.

[0135] 5.4.2 Decision Logic.

[0136] (1) Develop a risk assessment matrix, as shown in Table 5.

[0137] Table 5 Risk Assessment Matrix

[0138]

[0139] (2) Dynamic Optimization: Update the model weights based on incremental learning, with the daily training data increment ≤ 5%; through feedback mechanisms, such as user evaluations and protection effects, continuously optimize the decision logic.

[0140] 5.4.3 User Interaction and Feedback.

[0141] (1) Feedback Mechanism: Collect subjective evaluations of the processing effects from users, such as cultural relic protection personnel; analyze the feedback data through AI algorithms to optimize protection strategies.

[0142] (2) Data management: Establish a health record for cultural relics, recording the treatment history and protection effects; ensure data traceability to support long-term research and optimization.

[0143] The working process of the present invention: The full-spectrum plasma treatment module and the microcapsule spraying and protective film generation module cooperate closely. First, the surface of the cultural relic is cleaned and activated through plasma treatment, and then a protective film is sprayed through the microcapsule technology. The secondary plasma curing treatment module further strengthens the function of the protective film through curing treatment. The environmental monitoring and intelligent regulation module adjusts the preservation environment of cultural relics in real time to ensure that the cultural relics are always in the optimal state. The intelligent decision-making support and data analysis module provides decision-making support based on real-time data and continuously optimizes the protection strategy.

[0144] The present invention forms a set of efficient, safe and intelligent cultural relic protection and ecological restoration system through innovative integration of plasma treatment technology, microcapsule self-healing technology, environmental monitoring and intelligent decision-making support. Its core innovation points include:

[0145] (1) Multi-technology integration and collaborative optimization

[0146] Plasma treatment technology: Innovatively combine the cold / hot plasma mode with gas ratio optimization to achieve deep cleaning, disinfection and activation of the surface of cultural relics; solve the problem of unstable parameters of traditional plasma technology by precisely controlling power, frequency and temperature.

[0147] Microcapsule self-healing technology: Endow the protective film with self-healing, antioxidant and mildew-proof characteristics by optimizing the microcapsule structure parameters and spraying process; innovatively introduce a pressure response mechanism to achieve rapid repair after the film layer is damaged.

[0148] (2) Intelligent environmental monitoring and dynamic regulation

[0149] High-precision sensor network: Design a specific sensor layout for different cultural relic materials to achieve comprehensive environmental monitoring; ensure precise adjustment of environmental parameters and rapid response to abnormalities through the PID control algorithm and three-level alarm mechanism.

[0150] Intelligent decision-making support: Dynamically generate cultural relic protection strategies based on the random forest and LSTM models. Through model optimization, the decision-making process can effectively improve the decision-making accuracy, and through the combination of advanced machine learning algorithms and evaluation methods, achieve precise and intelligent management of cultural relic protection strategies.

[0151] (3) Ecological friendliness and sustainable development

[0152] Emission Reduction and Energy Consumption Reduction Measures: Through VOC control and energy consumption optimization technologies, the emissions of harmful gases and energy consumption are effectively reduced. Compared with traditional methods, this method significantly reduces the carbon footprint and has better environmental friendliness and sustainability.

[0153] Application of Sustainable Materials: The use of degradable microcapsule shell materials and bio-based core materials reduces chemical pollution; the service life of equipment is extended through modular design, reducing waste generation.

[0154] (4) Systematic Design and Efficient Operation

[0155] Full-process Intelligent Management: The surface cleaning, protective film generation, environmental monitoring and intelligent decision-making modules are organically integrated to form a closed-loop control; through data-driven and machine learning algorithms, the cultural relics protection strategy is dynamically optimized to reduce human intervention.

[0156] Efficient Operation and Stability: The system has a significant improvement in processing efficiency and operation stability, and the maintenance cost is effectively reduced. The system can operate continuously and stably, ensuring efficient and reliable operation.

[0157] (5) Contributions to the Field of Cultural Relics Protection

[0158] Technological Breakthrough: Solve the problems of low efficiency, high risk and lack of systematization in traditional methods; fill the gaps in the application of plasma and microcapsule technologies in cultural relics protection.

[0159] Application Prospects: Suitable for various materials such as metals, ceramics, textiles, and paper cultural relics; provide intelligent solutions for scenarios such as museums, archives, and archaeological sites.

Claims

1. Full spectrum plasma and microcapsule driven cultural relic restoration system, characterized by: It includes full-spectrum plasma processing module, microcapsule spraying and protective film generation module, secondary plasma curing processing module, environmental monitoring and intelligent adjustment module and intelligent decision support and data analysis module; The full spectrum plasma processing module includes a plasma generator, a gas delivery component, a temperature control component, a gas mixer and a cooling component; The microcapsule spraying and protective film generation module includes a microcapsule suspension storage device, a spraying device, a nozzle and an air pressure control component; The secondary plasma curing processing module includes a plasma generator, a gas delivery component, a temperature control component and a gas mixer; The environmental monitoring and intelligent regulation module includes a sensor array, a data acquisition and processing unit, a PID control component and an environmental regulation device; The intelligent decision support and data analysis module includes a data analysis platform, a decision support component and a data storage and management component.

2. The full-spectrum plasma and microcapsule-driven cultural relic restoration system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The environmental conditioning equipment includes an air conditioner, a humidifier and an LED light source.

3. The restoration method of the cultural relic restoration system driven by full-spectrum plasma and microcapsules according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Use plasma treatment to clean and activate the surface of the cultural relics to be restored; S2, spraying a protective film on the surface of cultural relics by microcapsule spraying; S3. Use secondary plasma curing treatment to efficiently cross-link and enhance the functions of the protective film on the surface of cultural relics.

4. The method for restoring cultural relics driven by full-spectrum plasma and microcapsules according to claim 3 is characterized in that: In step S1, cold / hot plasma treatment mode is selected to clean the surface of the cultural relics according to the material properties of the cultural relics; for cultural relics made of metal materials, hot plasma treatment is adopted; for cultural relics made of organic materials, cold plasma treatment is adopted; for cultural relics made of ceramic / stone materials, pulse plasma treatment is adopted.

5. The method for restoring cultural relics driven by full-spectrum plasma and microcapsules according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When the surface of the cultural relics is cleaned in step S1, the gas mixer dynamically adjusts the gas ratio according to the material of the cultural relics; for cultural relics made of metal, Ar+H2 mixed gas is used, and the ratio of Ar to H2 is Ar:H2=7:3; for cultural relics made of organic materials, Ar+O2 mixed gas is used, and the ratio of Ar to O2 is Ar:O2=9:1; for cultural relics made of ceramic / stone materials, Ar+N2 mixed gas is used for salt crystal removal, and the ratio of Ar to N2 is Ar:N2=8:2; for hydrophobic modification, Ar+CF4 mixed gas is used, and the ratio of Ar to CF4 is Ar:CF4=95:

5.

6. The method for restoring cultural relics driven by full-spectrum plasma and microcapsules according to claim 5 is characterized in that: When the surface of the cultural relics is activated in step S1, for cultural relics made of metal, an Ar+CH4 mixed gas is used, and the ratio of Ar to CH4 is Ar:CF4=9:1; for cultural relics made of organic materials, an Ar+O2 mixed gas is used, and the ratio of Ar to O2 is Ar:O2=9:1; for cultural relics made of ceramic / stone materials, an Ar+CF4 mixed gas is used, and the ratio of Ar to CH4 is Ar:CF4=95:5.

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