Macadamia nut litter nutrient returning method

Abstract

The invention discloses a macadamia nut litter nutrient returning method. The macadamia nut litter nutrient returning method comprises the following steps: S1, collecting macadamia nut litters; s2, the litter leaves and the litter branches are separately put into nylon mesh bags with the pore diameter being 1 mm and the size being 15 cm * 20 cm, the litter bags are placed on the ground surface to be flatly laid, and the four corners are fixed; s3, applying ammonium nitrate, a microbial agent, trichoderma koningiopsis, cellulomonas flavigena and a decomposition accelerant in a flower bud differentiation stage, a flower falling stage and a fruit swelling stage and after fruit tree harvesting, the decomposition accelerator is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 0.1 to 0.5 part of glutathione, 0.5 to 1 part of alpha-naphthylacetic acid, 5 to 15 parts of amino acid surfactant, 1 to 3 parts of sodium citrate, 0.5 to 3 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan and 100 to 150 parts of water. According to the invention, the ordered management of a large amount of macadimia nut litters is realized, the macadimia nut litters can be efficiently decomposed, and the decomposition and conversion of the litters are accelerated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural technologies, and particularly relates to a method for nutrient return of macadamia litter. Background Art

[0002] Agricultural and forestry waste is the main pollution source of the agricultural environment and also the biomass resource with the largest biomass. It contains rich crude cellulose, crude protein, lignin, etc., which are carriers of energy in themselves, and at the same time contains rich nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Rational utilization of it can not only reduce pollution problems, but also bring considerable ecological, economic, and social benefits. Currently, preventing litter burning, encouraging litter return to the field, protecting the environment, and developing ecological agriculture have become the main development directions.

[0003] Macadamia, also known as Hawaiian nut and Australian walnut, has high nutritional value, containing a large amount of oil, unsaturated fatty acids, and rich calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamins, amino acids, and other essential amino acids for the human body. The growth period of macadamia is long, the amount of macadamia litter is large, the decomposition rate is low, the nutrient cycle is slow, and the self-fertilization ability is poor, resulting in a decline in soil fertility in the forest land, a decline in stand biomass, and the decline of plantations. Therefore, studying effective measures to promote the decomposition of litter is of great theoretical and practical significance for accelerating nutrient return, maintaining and improving soil fertility. However, the current measures to promote the decomposition of macadamia litter still need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above deficiencies, the present invention provides a method for nutrient return of macadamia litter, which can achieve the orderly management of a large amount of macadamia litter, efficiently decompose macadamia litter, and accelerate the decay and transformation of litter. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0005] A method for nutrient return of macadamia litter includes the following steps:

[0006] S1. Collect macadamia litter and naturally air-dry it in the fields. After air-drying, cut the litter leaves and litter branches into strip segments with lengths of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 1.5 cm respectively.

[0007] S2. Separate the litter leaves and litter branches and put them into nylon mesh bags with a pore size of 1 mm and a size of 15 cm × 20 cm. Each nylon mesh bag contains 10 g of litter leaves or 20 g of litter branches, seal the bags, and obtain a number of litter bags. Place the litter bags flat on the ground surface, fix the four corners, and ensure full contact with the ground.

[0008] S3. Apply ammonium nitrate and microbial inoculants during the flower bud differentiation period (January), the full bloom period (April), the fruit swelling period (June), and after fruit harvesting (October).

[0009] Preferably, the application rate of ammonium nitrate is 8-13 g N·m -2 ·yr -1 , and the application rate of microbial inoculum is 8-13 g P·m -2 ·yr -1 .

[0010] Preferably, the application rate of ammonium nitrate is 10 g N·m -2 ·yr -1 , and the application rate of microbial inoculum is 10 g m -2 ·yr -1 .

[0011] Preferably, in step S3, it also includes applying 1.0-2.0×10 2 cfu / g of Trichoderma koningiopsis and 1.0-2.0×10 3 cfu / g of Cellulomonas flavigena during the fruit swelling period (June).

[0012] Preferably, the application rates of Trichoderma koningiopsis and Cellulomonas flavigena are both 0.5-0.8 g·m -2 ·yr -1 .

[0013] Preferably, in step S3, it also includes applying a composting promoter. The raw materials of the composting promoter include, by weight: 0.1-0.5 parts of glutathione, 0.5-1 part of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 5-15 parts of amino acid surfactant, 1-3 parts of sodium citrate, 0.5-3 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan, and 100-150 parts of water.

[0014] Preferably, the amino acid surfactant is selected from one or more of sodium methyl lauroyl taurate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, and sodium cocoyl alaninate.

[0015] Preferably, the raw materials of the composting promoter include, by weight: 0.3 parts of glutathione, 0.7 parts of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 10 parts of amino acid surfactant, 2 parts of sodium citrate, 1.5 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan, and 130 parts of water.

[0016] Preferably, the spraying amount of the composting promoter is 1-2 L·m -2 ·yr -1 .

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:[[]]

[0018] The present invention provides a method for nutrient return of Macadamia integrifolia litter. The litter is put into nylon mesh bags with a pore size of 1 mm and a size of 15 cm × 20 cm. Using the litter bags for nutrient return can avoid the light organic particles and branches and leaves being blown away by strong winds during the composting process, reduce the loss of materials, and can be distinguished from the newly added litter. When new litter appears, it can be collected, stored, and transported in a timely manner, realizing the orderly management of a large amount of Macadamia integrifolia litter.

[0019] In the fruit swelling period of the present invention, Trichoderma koningiopsis and Cellulomonas flavigena are additionally applied, which can efficiently decompose the Macadamia integrifolia litter. They can decompose lignocellulosic substances into glucose, xylose, cellobiose, and soluble oligosaccharides through the cell wall degradation-related enzymes secreted by them, thereby accelerating the decomposition and transformation of the litter, increasing the decomposition rate of the litter, and supplying sufficient nutrients to the fruits in the fruit swelling period. The additional application of the composting accelerator of the present invention further accelerates the composting process of the litter, can induce the rapid reproduction of microorganisms, increase the enzyme production, accelerate the fermentation or composting process of organic materials, and produce a large amount of plant growth regulatory substances. Among them, glutathione has an antioxidant effect, which can protect the organic substances in the litter from being over-oxidized, and at the same time helps to maintain the activity of microorganisms in the soil. α-Naphthaleneacetic acid can stimulate plant growth and promote the absorption of nutrients by roots. The amino acid surfactant not only helps to improve the decomposition efficiency of the litter, but also can improve the soil structure. Sodium citrate and carboxymethyl chitosan can adjust the soil pH value and enhance the soil stability, creating a good environment for the growth of microorganisms and the composting of litter. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0020] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a diagram of collecting Macadamia integrifolia litter of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a diagram of the litter bag on the 0th day of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a diagram of the litter bag on the 200th day of the present invention Detailed Embodiments

[0024] The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail below, but it should be understood that the protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific implementation manners. Unless otherwise defined, all the technical terms used hereinafter have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment, etc. used in the present invention can be obtained through market purchase or can be prepared by existing methods.

[0025] The microbial inoculum of this example was purchased from Beijing Wotutian Di Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and it contains Bacillus subtilis, Pichia pastoris, Trichoderma viride, and Aspergillus niger.

[0026] This example takes the macadamia nut litter in the macadamia nut base of Binqiao Township, Longzhou County, Chongzuo City as the research object, and the litter bags were laid out in December 2023.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] The method for nutrient return of macadamia nut litter in this example includes the following steps:

[0029] S1. Collect macadamia nut litter, air-dry it in the field, and after air-drying, cut the litter leaves and litter branches into strip segments with lengths of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 1.5 cm respectively;

[0030] S2. Separate the litter leaves and litter branches and put them into nylon mesh bags with a pore size of 1 mm and a size of 15 cm × 20 cm. Each nylon mesh bag contains 10 g of litter leaves or 20 g of litter branches, seal the bags, and obtain litter bags; when laying, remove the upper-layer litter on the forest land surface, place the litter bags flat on the ground surface, lay 12 bags of branches and leaves respectively, a total of 24 bags, fix the four corners, and ensure full contact with the ground;

[0031] S3. Apply ammonium nitrate during the flower bud differentiation period (January), the full bloom period (April), the fruit expansion period (June), and after fruit harvesting (October) of the fruit tree. The application rate of ammonium nitrate is 10 g N·m -2 ·yr -1 .

[0032] Example 2

[0033] The method for nutrient return of macadamia nut litter in this example includes the following steps:

[0034] S1. Collect macadamia nut litter, air-dry it in the field, and after air-drying, cut the litter leaves and litter branches into strip segments with lengths of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 1.5 cm respectively;

[0035] S2. Separate the litter leaves and litter branches and pack them into nylon mesh bags with a pore size of 1 mm and a size of 15 cm × 20 cm. Each nylon mesh bag contains 10 g of litter leaves or 20 g of litter branches. Seal the bags to obtain litter bags. When laying, remove the upper layer of litter on the forest floor and place the litter bags flat on the ground surface. Lay 12 bags of branches and 12 bags of leaves respectively, for a total of 24 bags. Fix the four corners and ensure full contact with the ground;

[0036] S3. Apply microbial inoculants during the flower bud differentiation period (January), full bloom period (April), fruit swelling period (June), and after fruit harvest (October). The application rate of the microbial inoculant is 10 g P·m -2 ·yr -1 。

[0037] Example 3

[0038] The method for returning nutrients from Macadamia integrifolia litter in this example includes the following steps:

[0039] S1. Collect Macadamia integrifolia litter and air-dry it in the field. After air-drying, cut the litter leaves and litter branches into strip segments with lengths of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 1.5 cm respectively;

[0040] S2. Separate the litter leaves and litter branches and pack them into nylon mesh bags with a pore size of 1 mm and a size of 15 cm × 20 cm. Each nylon mesh bag contains 10 g of litter leaves or 20 g of litter branches. Seal the bags to obtain litter bags. When laying, remove the upper layer of litter on the forest floor and place the litter bags flat on the ground surface. Lay 12 bags of branches and 12 bags of leaves respectively, for a total of 24 bags. Fix the four corners and ensure full contact with the ground;

[0041] S3. Apply ammonium nitrate and microbial inoculants during the flower bud differentiation period (January), full bloom period (April), fruit swelling period (June), and after fruit harvest (October). The application rates of ammonium nitrate and microbial inoculant are 10 g N·m -2 ·yr -1 、10gm -2 ·yr -1 。

[0042] Example 4

[0043] The method for returning nutrients from Macadamia integrifolia litter in this example includes the following steps:

[0044] S1. Collect Macadamia integrifolia litter and air-dry it in the field. After air-drying, cut the litter leaves and litter branches into strip segments with lengths of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 1.5 cm respectively;

[0045] S2. Separate the litter leaves and litter branches and put them into nylon mesh bags with a pore size of 1 mm and a size of 15 cm × 20 cm. Each nylon mesh bag contains 10 g of litter leaves or 20 g of litter branches. Seal the bags to obtain litter bags. When laying, remove the upper layer of litter on the forest floor, place the litter bags flat on the ground surface, lay 12 bags of branches and leaves respectively, a total of 24 bags, fix the four corners, and ensure full contact with the ground;

[0046] S3. Apply ammonium nitrate, microbial inoculant, Trichoderma koningiopsis at 1.5×10 2 cfu / g, and Cellulomonas flavigena at 1.5×10 3 cfu / g during the flower bud differentiation period (January), full bloom period (April), fruit expansion period (June), and after fruit harvest (October). The application rates of ammonium nitrate and microbial inoculant are 10 g N·m -2 ·yr -1 、10 g m -2 ·yr -1 . During the fruit expansion period (June), increase the application rates of Trichoderma koningiopsis and Cellulomonas flavigena to 0.7 g·m -2 ·yr -1 ; Apply the decomposed accelerator 1 day after applying ammonium nitrate, microbial inoculant, Trichoderma koningiopsis, and Cellulomonas flavigena. The raw materials of the decomposed accelerator include, by weight: 0.3 part of glutathione, 0.7 part of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 10 parts of sodium methyl lauroyl taurate, 2 parts of sodium citrate, 1.5 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan, and 130 parts of water. The spraying rate of the decomposed accelerator is 1.5 L·m -2 ·yr -1 .

[0047] Blank control example

[0048] S1. Collect Macadamia integrifolia litter, air-dry it in the field, and cut the litter leaves and litter branches into strip shapes with lengths of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 1.5 cm after air-drying;

[0049] S2. Separate the litter leaves and litter branches and put them into nylon mesh bags with a pore size of 1 mm and a size of 15 cm × 20 cm. Each nylon mesh bag contains 10 g of litter leaves or 20 g of litter branches. Seal the bags to obtain litter bags. When laying, remove the upper layer of litter on the forest floor, place the litter bags flat on the ground surface, lay 12 bags of branches and leaves respectively, a total of 24 bags, fix the four corners, and ensure full contact with the ground;

[0050] S3. Apply deionized water during the flower bud differentiation period (January), full bloom period (April), fruit expansion period (June), and after fruit harvest (October). The application rate of deionized water is 20 mL·m -2 ·yr -1 .

[0051] Comparative Example 1

[0052] On the basis of the method of Example 4, no ripening promoter was added, and the rest were the same as those of Example 4.

[0053] Comparative Example 2

[0054] On the basis of the method of Example 4, the ripening promoter only included 0.7 parts of abscisic acid and 130 parts of water by weight, and the rest were the same as those of Example 4.

[0055] Comparative Example 3

[0056] On the basis of the method of Example 4, Trichoderma koningiopsis was not added, and the rest were the same as those of Example 4.

[0057] Comparative Example 4

[0058] On the basis of the method of Example 4, Cellulomonas flavigena was not added, and the rest were the same as those of Example 4.

[0059] The decomposition bag method was used to conduct a 400-day field translocation decomposition experiment. The mass loss rate of litter was measured by recycling at 6 stages (0d, 30d, 60d, 100d, 200d, 400d). For each treatment, 2 litter bags were taken each time. The retrieved samples were removed of impurities, and the litter was put into an envelope and dried in an oven at 65 °C for 48 h, weighed, and the contents of C, N, P, lignin, cellulose and microbial diversity during the decomposition process of litter leaves were analyzed to clarify the decomposition dynamics of litter in the mature forest of Macadamia integrifolia.

[0060] Table 1 Contents of carbon at 0d, 30d, 60d, 100d, 200d, 400d

[0061]

[0062]

[0063] Table 2 Contents of nitrogen at 0d, 30d, 60d, 100d, 200d, 400d

[0064]

[0065] Table 3 Contents of phosphorus at 0d, 30d, 60d, 100d, 200d, 400d

[0066]

[0067] Table 4 Contents of lignin at 0d, 30d, 60d, 100d, 200d, 400d

[0068]

[0069] Table 5 Contents of cellulose at 0d, 30d, 60d, 100d, 200d, and 400d

[0070]

[0071] As can be seen from the above table, the present invention provides a method for nutrient return of Macadamia integrifolia litter. The litter is put into nylon mesh bags with a pore size of 1 mm and a size of 15 cm × 20 cm. Using the litter bags for nutrient return can prevent the lighter organic particles and branches and leaves from being blown away by strong winds during the composting process, reduce the loss of materials, and can be distinguished from the newly added litter. When new litter appears, it can be collected, stored, and transported in a timely manner, realizing the orderly management of a large amount of Macadamia integrifolia litter. In the fruit swelling period of the present invention, Trichoderma koningii and Cellulomonas flavigena are additionally applied, which can efficiently decompose the Macadamia integrifolia litter. They can decompose lignocellulosic substances into glucose, xylose, cellobiose, and soluble oligosaccharides through the cell wall degradation-related enzymes secreted by them, thereby accelerating the decomposition and transformation of the litter, increasing the decomposition rate of the litter, and supplying sufficient nutrients to the fruits in the fruit swelling period. The additional application of the composting accelerator of the present invention further accelerates the composting process of the litter, can induce the rapid reproduction of microorganisms, increase the enzyme production, accelerate the fermentation or composting process of organic materials, and produce a large amount of plant growth regulators. Among them, glutathione has an antioxidant effect, which can protect the organic substances in the litter from being over-oxidized, and at the same time helps to maintain the activity of microorganisms in the soil. α-Naphthaleneacetic acid can stimulate plant growth and promote the absorption of nutrients by roots. The amino acid surfactant not only helps to improve the decomposition efficiency of the litter, but also can improve the soil structure. Sodium citrate and carboxymethyl chitosan can adjust the soil pH value and enhance the soil stability, creating a good environment for the growth of microorganisms and the composting of the litter.

[0072] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and example. These descriptions are not intended to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and it is apparent that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The purpose of selecting and describing the exemplary embodiments is to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical applications, so that those skilled in the art can implement and utilize various different exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various different selections and modifications. The scope of the invention is intended to be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for returning nutrients from macadamia litter, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Collect macadamia nut litter and air-dry it naturally in the field. After air-drying, cut the litter leaves and branches into strips with lengths of 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 1.5 cm respectively; S2. Separate the litter leaves and litter branches and put them into nylon mesh bags with a pore size of 1 mm and a size of 15 cm×20 cm. Each nylon mesh bag contains 10 g of litter leaves or 20 g of litter branches. Seal the bags to obtain several litter bags. Lay the litter bags flat on the ground, fix the four corners, and ensure that they are in full contact with the ground. S3. Apply ammonium nitrate and microbial agents during flower bud differentiation, flowering, fruit expansion and after fruit harvest.

2. The method for returning nutrients from macadamia litter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of ammonium nitrate applied is 8-13 g N·m -2 ·yr -1 The application rate of microbial agents is 8-13 g m -2 ·yr -1 .

3. The method for returning nutrients from macadamia litter according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dosage of ammonium nitrate is 10 g N·m -2 ·yr -1 The application amount of microbial agent is 10g·m -2 ·yr -1 .

4. The method for returning nutrients from macadamia litter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S3 also includes applying 1.0-2.0×10 2 cfu / g of Trichoderma pseudokoningii, 1.0-2.0×10 3 cfu / g of Xanthomonas spp.

5. The method for returning nutrients from macadamia litter according to claim 4, characterized in that: The application amount of Trichoderma pseudokoningii and Xanthocellomonas spp. is 0.5-0.8 g·m -2 ·yr -1 .

6. The method for returning nutrients from macadamia litter according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 step also includes applying a decomposition promoter, and the raw materials of the decomposition promoter include, by weight: 0.1-0.5 parts of glutathione, 0.5-1 parts of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 5-15 parts of amino acid surfactant, 1-3 parts of sodium citrate, 0.5-3 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan, and 100-150 parts of water.

7. The method for returning nutrients from macadamia litter according to claim 6, characterized in that: The amino acid surfactant is selected from one or more of sodium methyl lauroyl taurate, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, and sodium cocoyl aminopropionate.

8. The method for returning nutrients from macadamia litter according to claim 6, characterized in that: The raw materials of the decomposition accelerator include, by weight: 0.3 parts of glutathione, 0.7 parts of α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 10 parts of amino acid surfactant, 2 parts of sodium citrate, 1.5 parts of carboxymethyl chitosan, and 130 parts of water.

9. The method for returning nutrients from macadamia litter according to claim 6, characterized in that: The spraying amount of the ripening promoter is 1-2 L·m -2 ·yr -1 .

Images