Liquid crystal composition with high clearing point and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a liquid crystal composition with a high clearing point. The liquid crystal composition is prepared from 5%-10% of a compound shown as a component I, 40%-60% of a compound shown as a component II, 10%-30% of a compound shown as a component III, 20%-40% of a compound shown as a component IV and 0%-10% of a compound shown as a component V. The liquid crystal composition has a high clearing point, the high-temperature use temperature of a liquid crystal material is improved, and the liquid crystal use temperature range is further widened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of liquid crystal materials, and in particular, to a liquid crystal composition and its applications. Background Art

[0002] In the 1960s, after the RCA Corporation first discovered that electrical stimulation could change the light transmission mode of liquid crystals and subsequently applied this property to release liquid crystal display technology, liquid crystals gradually attracted great attention and rapidly developed into various fields. In 1966, after DuPont synthesized Kevlar fibers using aromatic polyamide liquid crystals, the industrialization process of liquid crystal materials began. After decades of rapid development, liquid crystal materials have been widely used in many fields such as display technology, optical storage devices, and solar cells due to their special properties. The research scope has even spread to many fields such as chemistry, biology, and information science, becoming one of the new materials that are highly favored and indispensable in today's society.

[0003] With the progress of technology, liquid crystal displays appear in all aspects of people's life and work. As a result, the working environment of liquid crystal displays has become more complex, and various extreme conditions pose great challenges to the performance of liquid crystal displays. For example, can a liquid crystal display withstand high pressure during deep-sea operations? Can a liquid crystal display work properly under extremely cold conditions? Can a liquid crystal display remain stable under ultra-high temperature conditions? Some of these problems can be solved by modifying the structure of the liquid crystal display, while some need to start with improving the liquid crystal materials.

[0004] As is well known, the characteristic of liquid crystal materials is that within a certain temperature range, they will exhibit a liquid crystal state that is between the anisotropic solid state and the isotropic liquid state, and at the same time has anisotropy and fluidity. Above a certain temperature range, the liquid crystal state will transform into an isotropic liquid state, and the high-temperature critical transition temperature is called the clearing point; below a certain temperature range, the liquid crystal state will transform into a non-fluid solid state, and the low-temperature critical transition temperature is called the melting point. When the working temperature range of the liquid crystal material is between its melting point and clearing point, it exists in the liquid crystal state and has a display function; when the working environment temperature is higher than the clearing point or lower than the melting point temperature, it exists in a non-liquid crystal state and loses the display function, and the liquid crystal display cannot work properly. Therefore, in order to adapt to extreme working conditions, especially for liquid crystal materials used in in-vehicle displays and industrial displays, we need a liquid crystal material with a higher clearing point to better adapt to high-temperature environments. To address this situation, the present invention provides a liquid crystal composition with a high clearing point. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Object of the Invention: The main object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition, which has a relatively high clearing point, is beneficial to increasing the high-temperature use temperature of the liquid crystal material, and further expanding the liquid crystal use temperature range.

[0006] Technical Solution: The present invention provides a liquid crystal composition with a high clearing point. The liquid crystal composition is composed of 5% - 10% of the compound shown in Component I, 40% - 60% of the compound shown in Component II, 10% - 30% of the compound shown in Component III, 20% - 40% of the compound shown in Component IV, and 0% - 10% of the compound shown in Component V.

[0007] Component I is selected from liquid crystal compounds shown in Formulas I1 - I4, and Formulas I1 - I4 are as follows:

[0008]

[0009] R 1 and R 1 ' each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 - 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 - 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 - 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups;

[0010] Component II is selected from liquid crystal compounds shown in Formulas II1 - II4, and Formulas II1 - II4 are as follows:

[0011]

[0012] R 2 and R 2 ' each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 - 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 - 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 - 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups,

[0013] Component III is selected from liquid crystal compounds shown in Formulas III1 - III7, and Formulas III1 - III7 are as follows:

[0014]

[0015]

[0016] R 3 and R 3 ' are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups;

[0017] Component IV is selected from the liquid crystal compounds represented by Formula IV1 as follows:

[0018]

[0019] R 4 and R 4 ' are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups;

[0020] Component V is selected from the liquid crystal compounds represented by Formulas V1 to V2 as follows:

[0021]

[0022] R 5 and R 5 ' are each independently selected from F, an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups.

[0023] According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an application of the above liquid crystal composition in a liquid crystal display material or a liquid crystal display device.

[0024] Advantageous effects: The liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a relatively high clearing point, which is beneficial to increasing the high-temperature use temperature of the liquid crystal material, and thus expanding the use temperature range. Detailed implementation manners

[0025] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0026] The following further describes the present application in detail with reference to specific embodiments, which should not be construed as limiting the scope claimed in the present application.

[0027] To solve the above problems, in a typical implementation manner of the present invention, a liquid crystal composition is provided. The liquid crystal composition is composed of 5% - 10% of the compound shown in Component I, 40% - 60% of the compound shown in Component II, 10% - 30% of the compound shown in Component III, 20% - 40% of the compound shown in Component IV, and 0% - 10% of the compound shown in Component V.

[0028] Component I is selected from the liquid crystal compounds shown in Formulas I1 - I4, and Formulas I1 - I4 are as follows:

[0029]

[0030] R 1 and R 1 ' each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 - 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 - 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 - 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 - 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkenyl groups and alkenyloxy groups.

[0031] Component II is selected from the liquid crystal compounds shown in Formulas II1 - II4, and Formulas II1 - II4 are as follows:

[0032]

[0033] R 2 and R 2' are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups,

[0034] Component III is selected from the liquid crystal compounds represented by Formulae III1 to III7, and Formulae III1 to III7 are as follows:

[0035]

[0036] R 3 and R 3 ' are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups;

[0037] Component IV is selected from the liquid crystal compounds represented by Formula IV1, and Formula IV1 is as follows:

[0038]

[0039] R 4 and R 4 ' are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups;

[0040] Component V is selected from the liquid crystal compounds represented by Formulae V1 to V2, and Formulae V1 to V2 are as follows:

[0041]

[0042] R 5 and R 5Each independently selected from F, an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups.

[0043] The components I and II are compounds with negative dielectric constants. Compounds with different types of negative dielectric constants are used in combination, which is beneficial to reducing the melting point while increasing the dielectric constant; the component III is a compound with a relatively high clearing point. Multiple components are used in combination, which is beneficial to reducing the melting point while increasing the clearing point; the component IV is a compound with a low melting point and a low rotational viscosity, which is beneficial to adjusting the liquid crystal material to make it have a lower rotational viscosity and a lower melting point; the component V is a compound with a relatively high refractive index, which is beneficial to adjusting the liquid crystal material to have a suitable refractive index.

[0044] In order to obtain a suitable liquid crystal width, a relatively high dielectric anisotropy value and a small rotational viscosity, which is more beneficial to improving the response speed of the liquid crystal material, reducing the threshold voltage and improving the miscibility of the liquid crystal material. In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the compound of the component I is a liquid crystal compound represented by the formulas A1 to A12, and the formulas A1 to A12 are as follows:

[0045]

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the compound of the component II is a liquid crystal compound represented by the general formulas B1 to B25, and the formulas B1 to B25 are as follows:

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the compound of the component III is a liquid crystal compound represented by the general formulas C1 to C20, and the formulas C1 to C20 are as follows:

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the compound of the component IV is a liquid crystal compound represented by the general formulas D1 to D16, and the formulas D1 to D16 are as follows:

[0053]

[0054] In a preferred embodiment of the present application, the compound of component V is a liquid crystal compound represented by general formulas E1 to E32, and the formulas E1 to E32 are as follows:

[0055]

[0056]

[0057] The liquid crystal composition of the present invention can be prepared according to a conventional method. Usually, at a high temperature, the required amount of components is dissolved in a component that constitutes the main component in a relatively small amount; alternatively, solutions of the respective components can be mixed into an organic solvent, such as acetone, chloroform, or methanol, and after thorough mixing, the solvent is removed again, for example, by distillation.

[0058] In addition to the liquid crystal compounds of components I to V described above, other additives in the technical field can be added to the liquid crystal composition of the present invention as needed. For example, a stabilizer with a mass content of 0 to 20% and / or a polymerizable compound with a mass content of 0 to 20% can be added.

[0059] The above stabilizer is one or more of the compounds represented by general formulas S1 to S4:

[0060]

[0061] Among them, Y 1 is selected from H, F, an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group, and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl groups, alkoxy groups, alkenyl groups, and alkenyloxy groups.

[0062] The above polymerizable compound components are as follows:

[0063]

[0064] Among them,

[0065] —T 1 and —T 2 each independently represents or an epoxy group;

[0066] —Q 1 — and —Q 2 — each independently represents a single bond or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms;

[0067] —P 1 — and —P 2 — each independently represents a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—;

[0068] k is 0, 1 or 2;

[0069] When k is 1, —Z 1 — represents a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —C 2 H 4 —, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, -C≡C-, —CH=CH—,

[0070] When k is 2, —Z 1 — appears twice in the component, —Z 1 — each independently represents a single bond, —O—, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —C 2 H 4 —, —CF 2 O—, —OCF 2 —, -C≡C-, —CH=CH—,

[0071] represents wherein —CH 2 — on the cyclohexyl group may be replaced by O, or represents wherein =CH— on the benzene ring may be replaced by N, H on the benzene ring may be replaced by F, or represents

[0072] When k is 1, represents wherein —CH 2 — on the cyclohexyl group may be replaced by O, or represents wherein =CH— on the benzene ring may be replaced by N, H on the benzene ring may be replaced by F, or represents

[0073] When k is 2, the component includes two i.e. Appears twice in the component, each independently being wherein —CH on the cyclohexyl 2 — can be replaced by O, or is wherein =CH— on the benzene ring can be replaced by N, H on the benzene ring can be replaced by F, or is

[0074] The content of the liquid crystal compound in the above liquid crystal composition can be adjusted according to the performance requirements of the liquid crystal material. In short, the sum of the percentage contents of the components is 100%.

[0075] In another typical embodiment of the present application, an application of the above liquid crystal composition in a liquid crystal display material or a liquid crystal display device is provided.

[0076] Hereinafter, the beneficial effects of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with examples and comparative examples.

[0077] The following examples are used to explain the present invention rather than limit it. The percentages involved in the examples are all mass percentages, and the temperature is expressed in degrees Celsius. The measured physical and chemical parameters are represented as follows: T NI represents the clearing point; △n represents the optical anisotropy (△n = n e -n o , 589 nm, measurement temperature 25 °C); △ε represents the dielectric anisotropy (△ε = ε ∥ -ε ⊥ , 25 °C); k 11 represents the splay elastic coefficient (measurement temperature 25 °C); k 33 represents the bend elastic coefficient (measurement temperature 25 °C), and DSC is used to measure T NI ; an Abbe refractometer is used to measure △n; CV is used to measure △ε, k 11 and k 33 .

[0078] In the examples of the present invention, the main chain of the liquid crystal molecule is named: cyclohexyl is represented by the letter C; phenyl is represented by the letter P; lateral m-difluorobenzene is represented by U; the corresponding codes for the specific group structures are shown in Table 1:

[0079] Table 1

[0080]

[0081] The side chains of each compound are converted into chemical formulas according to Table 2 below. The left side chain is represented by R1, and the right side chain is represented by R2. Among them, the group C n H 2n+1 and C mH 2m+1 are straight-chain alkyl groups having n and m carbon atoms respectively, and Cp represents cyclopentyl C n H 2n+1 Cp represents cyclopentyl with a straight-chain alkyl group having n carbon atoms. The main chain and the side chain, as well as the side chains, are separated by "-". When naming, the main chain comes first and the side chain comes after. For example, is represented by CW-3-O2; is represented by CCBW-3-O2; is represented by CCP-3-2; is represented by CCLPC-3-4.

[0082] Table 2

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] In addition, the double bond is represented by the letter "V", such as is represented by CC-3-V; is represented by CCP-V-1; is represented by CC-3-1V1.

[0086] Example 1

[0087] The composition and measurement parameters of the liquid crystal composition of Example 1 are shown in Table 3.

[0088] Table 3

[0089]

[0090] Example 2

[0091] The composition and measurement parameters of the liquid crystal composition of Example 2 are shown in Table 4.

[0092] Table 4

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] Example 3

[0096] The composition and measurement parameters of the liquid crystal composition of Example 3 are shown in Table 5.

[0097] Table 5

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] Example 4

[0101] The composition and measurement parameters of the liquid crystal composition of Example 4 are shown in Table 6.

[0102] Table 6

[0103]

[0104] Example 5

[0105] The composition and measurement parameters of the liquid crystal composition of Example 5 are shown in Table 7.

[0106] Table 7

[0107]

[0108]

[0109] Example 6

[0110] The composition and measurement parameters of the liquid crystal composition of Example 6 are shown in Table 8.

[0111] Table 8

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] Example 7

[0115] The composition and measurement parameters of the liquid crystal composition of Example 7 are shown in Table 9.

[0116] Table 9

[0117]

[0118] Example 8

[0119] The composition and measurement parameters of the liquid crystal composition of Example 8 are shown in Table 10.

[0120] Table 10

[0121]

[0122]

[0123] Example 9

[0124] The composition and measurement parameters of the liquid crystal composition of Example 9 are shown in Table 11.

[0125] Table 11

[0126]

[0127]

[0128] Example 10

[0129] The composition and measurement parameters of the liquid crystal composition of Example 10 are shown in Table 12.

[0130] Table 12

[0131]

[0132] Comparative Example 1

[0133] The composition and measurement parameters of the liquid crystal composition of Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 13.

[0134] Table 13

[0135]

[0136]

[0137] Compared with Examples 1-10, Comparative Example 1 contains compounds of Component I, Component II, and Component IV, and does not contain liquid crystal compounds of Component III and Component V. From the comparative test results, it can be seen that the liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a higher clearing point, and compared with Comparative Example 1, the clearing points of the liquid crystal composition of the present invention are all more than 15 °C higher. In addition, the liquid crystal composition of the present invention has a higher elastic coefficient, which is beneficial to reducing the scattering coefficient and improving the contrast.

[0138] The above measurement parameters are related to the physical and chemical properties of all liquid crystal compounds that make up the liquid crystal medium. The liquid crystal composition of the present invention is mainly used to adjust the liquid crystal parameters of the system.

[0139] Although the present invention does not exhaust all the liquid crystal compositions claimed, it can be foreseen by those skilled in the art that based on the above-mentioned disclosed examples, other similar materials can be obtained by a similar method only by combining their own professional attempts without creative labor. Due to limited space here, only representative embodiments are listed.

[0140] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various changes and modifications. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A liquid crystal composition with high-definition bright spots, characterized in that, the liquid crystal composition is composed of 5% - 10% of the compound shown in Component I, 40% - 60% of the compound shown in Component II, 10% - 30% of the compound shown in Component III, 20% - 40% of the compound shown in Component IV, and 0% - 10% of the compound shown in Component V. The Component I is selected from the liquid crystal compounds shown in Formula I1 - I4, and Formula I1 - I4 are as follows: I1, I2, I3, I4, R 1 and R 1 ' are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups; The Component II is selected from the liquid crystal compounds shown in Formula II1 - II4, and Formula II1 - II4 are as follows: II1、 II2、 II3、 II4、 R 2 and R 2 ' are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups, The Component III is selected from the liquid crystal compounds shown in Formula III1 - III7, and Formula III1 - III7 are as follows: III 1、 III 2、 III 3、 III 4、 III 5、 III 6、 III 7、 R 3 and R 3 ' are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted with an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups; The Component IV is selected from the liquid crystal compound shown in Formula IV1, and Formula IV1 is as follows: IV1, R 4 and R 4 ' are each independently selected from an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups; The Component V is selected from the liquid crystal compounds shown in Formula V1 - V2, and Formula V1 - V2 are as follows: V1, V2, R 5 and R 5 ' are each independently selected from F, an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups.

2. The liquid crystal composition with high-definition bright spots according to claim 1, characterized in that, the compound of Component I is a liquid crystal compound shown in Formula A1 - A12, and Formula A1 - A12 are as follows: A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9、 A10、 A11、 A12、 3. The liquid crystal composition with high-definition bright spots according to claim 1, characterized in that, the compound of Component II is a liquid crystal compound shown in General Formula B1 - B25, and Formula B1 - B25 are as follows: B1, B2, B3、 B4、 B5、 B6、 B7、 B8、 B9, B10, B11、 B12、 B13、 B14、 B15、 B16、 B17、 B18、 B19、 B20、 B21、 B22、 B23、 B24、 B25、 4. The liquid crystal composition with high-definition bright spots according to claim 1, characterized in that, the compound of Component III is a liquid crystal compound shown in General Formula C1 - C20, and Formula C1 - C20 are as follows: C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7、 C8、 C9, C10, C11、 C12、 C13、 C14、 C15、 C16、 C17、 C18、 C19、 C20、 5. The liquid crystal composition with high-definition bright spots according to claim 1, characterized in that, the compound of Component IV is a liquid crystal compound shown in General Formula D1 - D16, and Formula D1 - D16 are as follows: D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7、 D8、 D9, D10, D11、 D12、 D13、 D14、 D15、 D16、 6. The liquid crystal composition with high-definition bright spots according to claim 1, characterized in that, the compound of Component V is a liquid crystal compound shown in General Formula E1 - E32, and Formula E1 - E32 are as follows: E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7、 E8、 E9, E10, E11, E12, E13、 E14、 E15, E16, E17、 E18、 E19、 E20、 E21、 E22、 E23、 E24、 E25、 E26、 E27、 E28、 E29、 E30、 E31、 E32、 7. The liquid crystal composition with high-definition bright spots according to claim 1, characterized in that, the liquid crystal composition further contains a stabilizer with a mass fraction of 0 - 20%, and the stabilizer is one or more of the compounds shown in General Formula S1 - S4: S1, S2, S3, S4, wherein Y 1 is selected from H, F, an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, a halogenated alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, cyclopentyl, or cyclopentyl substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms or an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms; the alkyl group, the alkoxy group, the alkenyl group and the alkenyloxy group are straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkenyl and alkenyloxy groups.

8. Application of the liquid crystal composition according to any one of claims 1 - 7 in liquid crystal display materials or liquid crystal display devices.

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