Fractured formation deep well overflow leakage monitoring device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum drilling, and discloses a fractured formation deep well overflow leakage monitoring device which comprises a shaft arranged in a deep well, a drill rod is arranged in the shaft, a four-way connecting piece is arranged at a wellhead of the deep well, a blowout preventer assembly is arranged at the top of the four-way connecting piece, and a vertical pipe is arranged at the upper end of the blowout preventer assembly. A drilling fluid inlet pipeline is arranged on one side of the vertical pipe, an inlet flow sensor is arranged on the drilling fluid inlet pipeline, a drilling fluid outlet pipeline is arranged on one side of the four-way connecting piece, and an outlet flow sensor is arranged on the drilling fluid outlet pipeline. A pressure sensor assembly is arranged in an annular space between the shaft and the drill rod. According to the fractured formation deep well overflow leakage monitoring device provided by the invention, real-time monitoring, early warning and control of the overflow leakage condition are realized through cooperative work of multiple sensors in combination with data processing and analysis, and the safety and efficiency of drilling operation are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of oil drilling, and more specifically, to a deep well overflow and leakage monitoring device for fractured formations. Background Technique

[0002] During the process of deep well drilling, the fractured formation is prone to the phenomenon of drilling fluid overflow and leakage, resulting in the imbalance of wellbore pressure. In severe cases, safety accidents such as blowout may be triggered. However, the existing devices generally lack a prediction function module and cannot predict in advance through the abnormal fluctuations of the pressure-flow coupling curve before the overflow and leakage occur, resulting in the on-site personnel often missing the best disposal opportunity. In addition, the data sampling frequency of traditional systems is mostly lower than 1 Hz, and it is difficult to capture the instantaneous pressure mutation phenomenon unique to fractured leakage. This signal loss directly affects the monitoring reliability under complex formation conditions.

[0003] Traditional monitoring means have problems such as low accuracy and slow response, and cannot meet the high requirements of modern drilling operations. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop an efficient and accurate overflow and leakage monitoring device. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the disadvantages existing in the prior art, and to propose a deep well overflow and leakage monitoring device for fractured formations to solve the problems in the background technique.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A deep well overflow and leakage monitoring device for fractured formations includes a wellbore arranged in a deep well. A drill pipe is arranged in the wellbore. A four-way connector is arranged at the deep well wellhead. A blowout preventer assembly is arranged at the top of the four-way connector. A riser is arranged at the upper end of the blowout preventer assembly. A drilling fluid inlet pipeline is arranged on one side of the riser. An inlet flow sensor is arranged on the drilling fluid inlet pipeline. A drilling fluid outlet pipeline is arranged on one side of the four-way connector. An outlet flow sensor is arranged on the drilling fluid outlet pipeline. A pressure sensor assembly is arranged in the annulus between the wellbore and the drill pipe; The inlet flow sensor, the outlet flow sensor, and the pressure sensor assembly are electrically connected to a data processing unit, and the data processing unit is used to receive the data collected by the sensors and perform overflow and leakage judgment; The data processing unit is electrically connected to a control unit, a communication module, and an alarm module. The control unit is connected to the blowout preventer assembly and the pump control system, and performs corresponding control operations according to the analysis results of the data processing unit; the communication module is used to remotely transmit the monitoring data to the ground terminal; the alarm module is used to issue an alarm when abnormal data is detected.

[0006] As a further solution of the present invention: The blowout preventer assembly includes a double ram blowout preventer, which is installed on the top of the four-way connector. An annular blowout preventer is connected to the upper end of the double ram blowout preventer. The riser is arranged at the upper end of the annular blowout preventer. The double ram blowout preventer and the annular blowout preventer are electrically connected to the data processing unit.

[0007] As a further solution of the present invention: The pressure sensor assembly is composed of at least one group of fiber Bragg grating pressure sensors, and the fiber Bragg grating pressure sensors are distributed along the wellbore annulus at intervals.

[0008] As a further solution of the present invention: The fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor is encapsulated in a silicon nitride ceramic protective shell, and an ultrasonic transducer array is integrated on the outer surface of the protective shell.

[0009] As a further solution of the present invention: A distributed fiber optic temperature sensor is arranged in the wellbore annulus. The temperature measurement optical cable of the fiber optic temperature sensor is rigidly connected to the silicon nitride ceramic protective shell of the pressure sensor to form a pressure-temperature composite monitoring unit.

[0010] As a further solution of the present invention: The data processing unit includes: A microprocessor for real-time processing and analysis of the data transmitted by the sensors; A memory for storing data; A leakage judgment module for triggering an alarm according to the continuous flow difference exceeding the threshold and combined with the pressure change; A prediction module for predicting leakage through monitoring data.

[0011] As a further solution of the present invention: The alarm module includes an audible and visual alarm for emitting audible and visual alarms; A wireless alarm signal transmitter for transmitting the alarm signal to the ground terminal.

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: The present invention provides a deep well leakage monitoring device for fractured formations. Through the collaborative work of multiple sensors and combined with data processing and analysis, it realizes real-time monitoring, early warning and control of leakage situations, and significantly improves the safety and efficiency of drilling operations. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the pressure sensor assembly of the present invention; Figure 3 is a system diagram of the present invention; Figure 4Schematic diagram of the data processing unit of the present invention.

[0014] Description of reference numerals in the figure: 1. Wellbore; 2. Drill pipe; 3. Four-way connector; 4. Double ram blowout preventer; 5. Annular blowout preventer; 6. Standpipe; 7. Drilling fluid inlet pipeline; 8. Inlet flow sensor; 9. Drilling fluid outlet pipeline; 10. Outlet flow sensor; 11. Pressure sensor assembly; 111. Fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor; 112. Protective shell; 113. Ultrasonic transducer array; 12. Data processing unit; 121. Microprocessor; 122. Memory; 123. Leakage judgment module; 124. Prediction module; 13. Control unit; 14. Communication module; 15. Alarm module; 151. Acousto-optic alarm; 152. Wireless alarm signal transmitter; 16. Fiber optic temperature sensor. Specific implementation mode

[0015] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0016] Please refer to Figures 1-4 , a deep well leakage monitoring device for fractured formations, including a wellbore 1 arranged in the deep well, a drill pipe 2 arranged in the wellbore 1, a four-way connector 3 arranged at the wellhead of the deep well, a blowout preventer assembly arranged at the top of the four-way connector 3, a standpipe 6 arranged at the upper end of the blowout preventer assembly, a drilling fluid inlet pipeline 7 arranged on one side of the standpipe 6, an inlet flow sensor 8 arranged on the drilling fluid inlet pipeline 7, a drilling fluid outlet pipeline 9 arranged on one side of the four-way connector 3, an outlet flow sensor 10 arranged on the drilling fluid outlet pipeline 9, and a pressure sensor assembly 11 arranged in the annulus between the wellbore 1 and the drill pipe 2.

[0017] The inlet flow sensor 8, the outlet flow sensor 10, and the pressure sensor assembly 11 are electrically connected to a data processing unit 12. The data processing unit 12 is used to receive the data collected by the sensors and perform spillage judgment. Among them, the data processing unit 12 includes a microprocessor 121, a memory 122, a spillage judgment module 123, and a prediction module 124. The microprocessor 121 is used to perform real-time processing and analysis on the data transmitted by the sensors; the memory 122 is used to store data; the spillage judgment module 123 is used to trigger an alarm according to the flow difference continuously exceeding the threshold and combined with the pressure change; the prediction module 124 is used to perform spillage prediction by monitoring data. The data processing unit 12 analyzes the sensor data in real time, combines the spillage judgment module 123 and the prediction module 124 to achieve real-time warning of spillage.

[0018] The data processing unit 12 is electrically connected to a control unit 13, a communication module 14, and an alarm module 15. The control unit 13 is connected to the blowout preventer assembly and the pump control system, and performs corresponding control operations according to the analysis results of the data processing unit; the communication module 14 is used to remotely transmit the monitoring data to the ground terminal for remote monitoring and decision-making; the alarm module 15 is used to issue an alarm when abnormal data is detected. Among them, the alarm module 15 includes an audible and visual alarm 151 and a wireless alarm signal transmitter 152. The audible and visual alarm 151 is used to issue an audible and visual alarm; the wireless alarm signal transmitter 152 is used to transmit the alarm signal to the ground terminal.

[0019] Specifically, the blowout preventer assembly includes a double ram blowout preventer 4. The double ram blowout preventer 4 is installed on the top of the four-way connector 3. The upper end of the double ram blowout preventer 4 is connected to an annular blowout preventer 5. The riser 6 is arranged at the upper end of the annular blowout preventer 5. The double ram blowout preventer 4 and the annular blowout preventer 5 are electrically connected to the data processing unit 12. The blowout preventer assembly and the alarm module 15 provide multiple protections to ensure the safety of drilling operations.

[0020] The pressure sensor assembly 11 is composed of at least 3 groups of fiber Bragg grating pressure sensors 111. The fiber Bragg grating pressure sensors 111 are distributed along the annular space of the wellbore 1 at intervals. It can realize continuous spatial pressure measurement, improve the monitoring coverage and data redundancy. The pressure change is sensed by the Bragg wavelength drift, and its sensitivity can reach 4.8×10 -On the order of ³ nm / MPa, suitable for high-precision detection of tiny pressure fluctuations. The fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor 111 is encapsulated in a silicon nitride ceramic protective shell 112, which provides corrosion resistance, high-pressure resistance and mechanical impact protection. At the same time, its high thermal conductivity is conducive to the stable operation of the sensor in the high-temperature wellbore environment. An ultrasonic transducer array 113 is integrated on the outer surface of the protective shell 112. The ultrasonic transducer array 113 synchronously detects the annulus medium state (such as fluid density, gas-liquid interface) and the structural integrity of the protective shell by transmitting / receiving ultrasonic signals, forming a multi-dimensional monitoring data fusion.

[0021] In addition, a distributed fiber optic temperature sensor 16 is provided in the annulus of the wellbore 1. The temperature measurement optical cable of the fiber optic temperature sensor 16 is rigidly connected to the silicon nitride ceramic protective shell 112 to form a pressure-temperature composite monitoring unit. By using the fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor 111 and the distributed fiber optic temperature sensor 16, through a dual physical quantity decoupling algorithm, the cross-sensitivity of temperature to the Bragg wavelength drift can be eliminated, and the accuracy of pressure measurement can be improved.

[0022] In this embodiment, through material innovation (silicon nitride ceramic), multi-sensor fusion (pressure-temperature-ultrasonic) and distributed architecture, high-robustness and multi-parameter collaborative monitoring of the deep well annulus environment are realized, meeting the requirements of the intelligent wellbore monitoring system for high integration and high reliability.

[0023] Working principle: 1. Data acquisition: The inlet flow sensor 8 and the outlet flow sensor 10 continuously monitor the flow rate change of the drilling fluid.

[0024] 2. The pressure sensor assembly 11 and the distributed fiber optic temperature sensor 16 monitor the pressure and temperature changes in the wellbore annulus.

[0025] Data processing and analysis: The data processing unit 12 receives the data collected by the sensors and performs real-time processing and analysis through the microprocessor 121. The leakage judgment module 123 judges whether leakage occurs according to the flow rate difference and pressure change. The prediction module predicts potential leakage risks through historical data and real-time data.

[0026] Control and alarm: When abnormal data is detected, the control unit 13 activates the blowout preventer assembly and the pump control system to take corresponding control measures. The alarm module 15 issues an alarm through the audible and visual alarm 151 and the wireless alarm signal transmitter 152, and transmits the alarm signal to the ground terminal.

[0027] The above are only the preferred specific embodiments of the present invention; however, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution of the present invention and its improved concept, makes equivalent substitutions or changes, and should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A deep well leakage monitoring device for fractured formations, comprising a wellbore (1) arranged in the deep well, a drill pipe (2) arranged in the wellbore (1), characterized in that: A four-way connector (3) is provided at the wellhead of the deep well, a blowout preventer assembly is provided at the top of the four-way connector (3), a riser (6) is provided at the upper end of the blowout preventer assembly, a drilling fluid inlet pipeline (7) is provided on one side of the riser (6), an inlet flow sensor (8) is provided on the drilling fluid inlet pipeline (7), a drilling fluid outlet pipeline (9) is provided on one side of the four-way connector (3), an outlet flow sensor (10) is provided on the drilling fluid outlet pipeline (9), and a pressure sensor assembly (11) is provided in the annulus between the wellbore (1) and the drill pipe (2); The inlet flow sensor (8), the outlet flow sensor (10), and the pressure sensor assembly (11) are electrically connected to a data processing unit (12), and the data processing unit (12) is used to receive data collected by the sensors and perform overflow or leakage judgment; The data processing unit (12) is electrically connected to a control unit (13), a communication module (14) and an alarm module (15); the control unit (13) is connected to the blowout preventer assembly and the pump control system, and performs corresponding control operations according to the analysis results of the data processing unit; the communication module (14) is used to remotely transmit the monitoring data to a ground terminal; and the alarm module (15) is used to issue an alarm when abnormal data is detected.

2. A device for monitoring leakage in deep wells in fractured formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blowout preventer assembly comprises a double-gate blowout preventer (4), the double-gate blowout preventer (4) being mounted on the top of a four-way connector (3), the upper end of the double-gate blowout preventer (4) being connected to an annular blowout preventer (5), the riser (6) being arranged at the upper end of the annular blowout preventer (5), and the double-gate blowout preventer (4) and the annular blowout preventer (5) being electrically connected to a data processing unit (12).

3. The device for monitoring leakage in deep wells in fractured formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure sensor assembly (11) is composed of at least three groups of fiber Bragg grating pressure sensors (111), and the fiber Bragg grating pressure sensors (111) are distributedly arranged at intervals along the annulus of the wellbore (1).

4. A device for monitoring leakage in deep wells in fractured formations according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fiber Bragg grating pressure sensor (111) is packaged in a silicon nitride ceramic protective shell (112), and an ultrasonic transducer array (113) is integrated on the outer surface of the protective shell (112).

5. A device for monitoring leakage in deep wells in fractured formations according to claim 4, characterized in that: A distributed optical fiber temperature sensor (16) is provided in the annulus of the wellbore (1), and a temperature measuring optical cable of the optical fiber temperature sensor (16) is rigidly connected to a silicon nitride ceramic protective shell (112) to form a pressure-temperature composite monitoring unit.

6. The device for monitoring leakage in deep wells in fractured formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing unit (12) comprises: A microprocessor (121), used for processing and analyzing data transmitted by the sensor in real time; A memory (122) for storing data; A leakage judgment module (123) is used to trigger an early warning based on the flow difference continuously exceeding a threshold value and in combination with a pressure change; The prediction module (124) is used to predict leakage through monitoring data.

7. The device for monitoring leakage in deep wells in fractured formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alarm module (15) comprises an audible and visual alarm (151) for issuing an audible and visual alarm; The wireless alarm signal transmitter (152) is used to transmit the alarm signal to a ground terminal.

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