Earth and rockfill dam layered settlement monitoring device and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of layered settlement monitoring, and particularly relates to an earth and rockfill dam layered settlement monitoring device and method. An earth and rockfill dam layered settlement monitoring device comprises a measuring point anchoring end, an indium steel wire and a displacement monitoring mechanism, the measuring point anchoring end is of a concrete structure and is arranged on a settlement rolling layer to be monitored, scales are arranged on the surface of the indium steel wire, and the displacement monitoring mechanism comprises a vibrating wire displacement meter, a first signal acquisition instrument, a second signal acquisition instrument and a monitoring station. The device is simple in structure and convenient to install, the end to be monitored is only provided with the anchoring concrete block and the indium steel wire of the measuring point anchoring end, and the vibration damage resistance is high; the method is simple in construction process, short in installation time, small in interference on main body engineering construction and high in quality control guarantee rate, the indium steel wire material is not influenced by temperature change, and the balance weight is added only during measurement, so that the method is not influenced by shrinkage and creep of the material, and the measurement precision is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of layered settlement monitoring, and particularly relates to a device and method for monitoring the layered settlement of an earth-rock dam. Background Art

[0002] During the filling process of an earth-rock dam, layered settlement monitoring is an important content, and its indicators directly reflect the quality of the filling and compaction of the earth-rock dam. The installation of layered settlement monitoring equipment accompanies the start of dam filling to the final completion of dam filling, with a long cycle. Coupled with the tight construction period of dam filling, it is easily interfered by external factors. Secondly, the sensors for layered settlement are often buried inside the dam filling material, and once damaged, they cannot be repaired.

[0003] There are mainly two existing methods for monitoring the layered settlement of an earth-rock dam. The first is the monitoring with a water pipe settlement gauge. This scheme occupies a large working surface during installation. It is necessary to excavate a trench along the filling area and lay pipelines, occupying a large working surface and often affecting the filling progress of the dam body. The second is the automated monitoring with an electromagnetic settlement pipe. Disks are installed outside the settlement pipe. However, the construction often fails to strictly follow the specification requirements, and affected by the extrusion of the filling material, the settlement pipe is easily damaged, affecting settlement monitoring. In addition, the settlement pipe is prone to blockage. Once blockage occurs, this measuring point can only be abandoned. In summary, the existing methods all have the following disadvantages: (1) The structure is complex, the occupied working surface for installation is large, and the process quality is not easy to control; (2) The cost is relatively high; (3) The observation and calculation are complex, and it is greatly interfered by the outside world after automation; (4) It cannot be installed in parts that are not exposed, such as under the panel and the upstream surface of the dam body. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a device and method for monitoring the layered settlement of an earth-rock dam. The device has a simple structure and is easy to install. The monitored end only has the anchor concrete block and indium steel wire at the measuring point anchoring end, with strong anti-vibration and damage resistance; the construction process is simple, the installation time is short, the interference to the main project construction is small, and the quality control assurance rate is high. The indium steel wire material itself is not affected by temperature changes, and only a counterweight is added during measurement, so it is not affected by the shrinkage and creep of the material itself, and the measurement accuracy is high.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is: a stratified settlement monitoring device for earth-rock dams, comprising a measuring point anchoring end, an indium steel wire and a displacement monitoring mechanism, wherein the measuring point anchoring end is a concrete structure and is arranged on a settlement rolling layer to be monitored, an anchoring ring is arranged above the measuring point anchoring end, an indium steel wire is connected inside the anchoring ring, and a scale is arranged on the surface of the indium steel wire, the displacement monitoring mechanism comprises a vibrating-wire displacement meter, a first signal collector, a second signal collector and a monitoring station, a first joint clamp and a second joint clamp are respectively arranged at both ends of the vibrating-wire displacement meter, the first joint clamp is fixedly connected to the indium steel wire, a monitoring control mechanism is connected to the end of the second joint clamp, the vibrating-wire displacement meter is connected to the second signal collector via a second signal transmission cable, the monitoring control mechanism is connected to the first signal collector via a first signal transmission cable, and the first signal collector and the second signal collector are respectively connected to the monitoring station.

[0006] The indium steel wire above the anchoring ring is vertically arranged, a first pulley block is provided on the top of the vertically arranged indium steel wire, the indium steel wire passes through the first pulley block and is fixedly connected to the first joint fixture, and the indium steel wire at the connection of the first joint fixture is horizontally arranged.

[0007] A protective tube is sleeved on the outer side of the vertically arranged indium steel wire, and the protective tube is a steel tube or a PE tube.

[0008] The monitoring and control mechanism includes a second pulley block, a counterweight and a hydraulic lifting platform. The indium steel wire connected to the end of the second joint clamp passes around the second pulley block and then goes vertically downward and is connected to the counterweight. The counterweight is located above the hydraulic lifting platform.

[0009] The first signal transmission cable and the second signal transmission cable are RS485 cables.

[0010] The first signal acquisition instrument and the second signal acquisition instrument are respectively connected to the monitoring station by wire or wirelessly via optical fiber.

[0011] A method for monitoring layered settlement of an earth-rock dam, using the above-mentioned device for monitoring layered settlement of an earth-rock dam, comprises the following steps: S1: When filling to the elevation position of each layered settlement measuring point, cast the anchor end of the measuring point with concrete, pre-bury the anchor ring above the anchor end of the measuring point, fix the indium steel wire, bury the protective pipe after the current layer of filling is rolled, and pull the indium steel wire upward at the same time, and change the pulling direction of the indium steel wire through the first pulley block. If there are multiple turns, add a pulley block; S2: After the indium steel wire is introduced into the observation room, it is connected to the vibrating-wire displacement meter through the first joint fixture and the second joint fixture. The vibrating-wire displacement meter is connected to the second signal acquisition instrument through the second signal transmission cable, and finally connected to the monitoring station through the optical fiber; S3: The end of the indium steel wire is connected to a counterweight through the second pulley block. The counterweight of the counterweight for each end of the indium steel wire is determined according to the elevation position of the anchorage end of the indium steel wire. The counterweight is placed on the hydraulic lifting platform. In the non-measurement state, the hydraulic lifting platform is in the raised state, so that the indium steel wire connected to the counterweight is in a free state; during measurement, the hydraulic lifting platform is lowered, and the counterweight causes the indium steel wire to be in a tensioned state under its own weight. Record the reading of the vibrating wire displacement meter, and the difference between the two measurement readings is the settlement value of the soil body. S4: The hydraulic lifting platform is connected to the first signal collector through the first signal transmission cable, and the signal of the first signal collector is connected to the monitoring station through an optical fiber.

[0012] In the step S3, the specific process for determining the settlement value of the soil body is as follows: S31: Record the elevation H of the anchorage end of each measuring point i , i = 1, 2, 3, 4...... After filling to the dam crest, the elevation H at the first pulley block is measured through the elevation reference point 0 , and the length h from the first pulley block is read through the scale of each indium steel wire i , i = 1, 2, 3, 4...... Then the elevation of the anchorage end of each measuring point when filled to the dam crest elevation is H 0 -h i , i = 1, 2, 3, 4...... The settlement value d of each measuring point when filled to the dam crest elevation 0 =H i -H 0 -h i , i = 1, 2, 3, 4......, d 0 is the initial value of the layered settlement of each measuring point; S32: The k-th layered settlement measurement value is d k =d 0 +G i *f k - K i *T k ; The (k + 1)-th layered settlement measurement value is d k+1 =d 0 +G i *f k +1 -K i *T k +1; The relative change amount monitored by the two measurements is: d k+1 -d k = (d 0 +G i *f k+1 -K i *T k+1 ) - (d 0 +G i*f k - K i *T k ) = G i *(f k+1 - f k ) - K i *(T k+1 - T k ) Where: G i is the displacement calculation coefficient of the vibrating wire displacement gauge; i = 1, 2, 3, 4......; K i is the temperature calculation coefficient of the vibrating wire displacement gauge; i = 1, 2, 3, 4......

[0013] The technical effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The structure of the present invention is simple. The monitored end only has the anchoring concrete block and indium steel wire at the measuring point anchoring end, and has strong anti-vibration damage ability; the construction process is simple, the installation time is short, the interference to the main project construction is small, and the quality control assurance rate is high; 2. The installation position of the present invention has strong adaptability and can be installed at any part of the earth-rock dam, such as: parts that are not exposed, such as the lower part of the panel and the upstream surface of the dam body, and full-life cycle observation can be realized; 3. Through the indium steel wire with scale, the elevation position information of each anchoring point can be accurately obtained, and the material of the indium steel wire itself is not affected by temperature changes. And only the counterweight is added during measurement, so it is not affected by the shrinkage and creep of the material itself, and the measurement accuracy is high.

[0014] The following will be further described in conjunction with the drawings. Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for monitoring the layered settlement of an earth-rock dam according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Reference numerals: 1 - measuring point anchoring end, 2 - anchoring ring, 3 - indium steel wire, 4 - protection tube, 5 - first pulley group, 6 - first joint clamp, 7 - vibrating wire displacement gauge, 8 - second joint clamp, 9 - second pulley group, 10 - counterweight weight, 11 - hydraulic lifting platform, 12 - first signal transmission cable, 13 - first signal collector, 14 - second signal collector, 15 - second signal transmission cable, 16 - monitoring station. Detailed Embodiments Embodiment 1

[0017] As Figure 1As shown in the figure, a layered settlement monitoring device for an earth-rock dam includes a measuring point anchoring end 1, an indium steel wire 3, and a displacement monitoring mechanism. The measuring point anchoring end 1 is a concrete structure and is arranged on the settlement compaction layer to be monitored. An anchoring ring 2 is provided above the measuring point anchoring end 1. An indium steel wire 3 is connected inside the anchoring ring 2. The surface of the indium steel wire 3 is provided with scales. The displacement monitoring mechanism includes a vibrating wire displacement meter 7, a first signal collector 13, a second signal collector 14, and a monitoring station 16. First joint clamps 6 and second joint clamps 8 are respectively arranged at both ends of the vibrating wire displacement meter 7. The first joint clamp 6 is fixedly connected with the indium steel wire 3. The end of the second joint clamp 8 is connected with a monitoring control mechanism. The vibrating wire displacement meter 7 is connected with the second signal collector 14 through a second signal transmission cable 15. The monitoring control mechanism is connected with the first signal collector 13 through a first signal transmission cable 12. The first signal collector 13 and the second signal collector 14 are respectively connected with the monitoring station 16.

[0018] During the actual use process, when the present invention is to be filled to the elevation position of each layered settlement measuring point, the measuring point anchoring end 1 is cast with concrete. The anchoring ring 2 is pre-buried above the measuring point anchoring end 1 and the indium steel wire 3 is fixed. At the same time, the indium steel wire 3 is pulled upward. After the indium steel wire 3 is introduced into the observation room, it is connected with the vibrating wire displacement meter 7 through the first joint clamp 6 and the second joint clamp 8. The vibrating wire displacement meter 7 is connected with the second signal collector 14 through the second signal transmission cable 15. Finally, it is connected to the monitoring station 16 through an optical fiber. The end of the indium steel wire 3 is connected with a monitoring control mechanism. The tension of the indium steel wire 3 is controlled through the monitoring control mechanism, and the reading of the vibrating wire displacement meter 7 is recorded. The difference between the two measurement readings is the settlement value of the soil body. The structure of the present invention is simple. The only components at the end to be monitored are the anchoring concrete block of the measuring point anchoring end and the indium steel wire, and it has strong anti-vibration and damage resistance. The construction process is simple, the installation time is short, the interference to the main project construction is small, and the quality control guarantee rate is high. The installation position of the present invention has strong adaptability and can be installed at any part of the earth-rock dam, such as the parts that are not exposed, such as the lower part of the facing slab and the upstream surface of the dam body, and full-life cycle observation can be realized. Through the indium steel wire with scales, the elevation position information of each anchoring point can be accurately obtained. The material of the indium steel wire itself is not affected by temperature changes. And only a counterweight is added during measurement, so it is not affected by the shrinkage and creep of the material itself, and the measurement accuracy is high. Embodiment 2

[0019] Preferably, on the basis of Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the indium steel wire 3 above the anchoring ring 2 is vertically arranged. A first pulley group 5 is provided at the top of the vertically arranged indium steel wire 3. The indium steel wire 3 bypasses the first pulley group 5 and is fixedly connected with the first joint clamp 6. The indium steel wire 3 at the connection of the first joint clamp 6 is horizontally arranged.

[0020] During actual use, the indium steel wire 3 above the anchoring ring 2 of the present invention is vertically arranged. A first pulley set 5 is provided at the top of the vertically arranged indium steel wire 3. The indium steel wire 3 bypasses the first pulley set 5 and is fixedly connected to the first joint clamp 6. The indium steel wire 3 at the connection of the first joint clamp 6 is horizontally arranged. The vertically arranged indium steel wire 3 above the anchoring ring 2 can accurately measure the displacement change of the settlement and rolling layer to be monitored. By changing the direction of the indium steel wire 3 through the first pulley set 5, it is convenient for the measurement of the vibrating wire displacement gauge 7. Example 3

[0021] Preferably, on the basis of Example 1 or Example 2, in this embodiment, a protective tube 4 is sleeved outside the vertically arranged indium steel wire 3. The protective tube 4 is a steel pipe or a PE pipe.

[0022] During actual use, a protective tube 4 is sleeved outside the vertically arranged indium steel wire 3 of the present invention. The protective tube 4 is a steel pipe or a PE pipe, which protects the indium steel wire 3 and ensures the measurement accuracy. Example 4

[0023] Preferably, on the basis of Example 1 or Example 3, in this embodiment, the monitoring and control mechanism includes a second pulley set 9, a counterweight 10 and a hydraulic lifting platform 11. The indium steel wire 3 connected to the end of the second joint clamp 8 bypasses the second pulley set 9 and then vertically downward, and is connected to the counterweight 10. The counterweight 10 is located above the hydraulic lifting platform 11.

[0024] During actual use, the end of the indium steel wire 3 of the present invention is connected to the counterweight 10 through the second pulley set 9. The weight of the counterweight 10 at the end of each indium steel wire 3 is determined according to the elevation position of the anchoring end of the indium steel wire. The counterweight 10 is placed on the hydraulic lifting platform 11. In the non-measurement state, the hydraulic lifting platform 11 is in the raised state, so that the indium steel wire 3 connected to the counterweight 10 is in a free state; when measuring, the hydraulic lifting platform 11 is lowered, and the counterweight 10 makes the indium steel wire 3 in a tension state under its own weight. Record the reading of the vibrating wire displacement gauge 7, and the difference between the two measurement readings is the settlement value of the soil body. The measurement method is simple. Example 5

[0025] Preferably, on the basis of Example 1, in this embodiment, the first signal transmission cable 12 and the second signal transmission cable 15 are RS485 cables.

[0026] During actual use, the first signal transmission cable 12 and the second signal transmission cable 15 of the present invention are RS485 cables, which are convenient for signal transmission. Example 6

[0027] Preferably, on the basis of Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 5, in this embodiment, the first signal acquisition device 13 and the second signal acquisition device 14 are respectively connected to the monitoring station 16 via optical fiber wired or wirelessly.

[0028] During actual use, the first signal collector 13 and the second signal collector 14 of the present invention are respectively connected to the monitoring station 16 via optical fiber wired or wireless connection, so as to facilitate long-distance transmission of signals to the monitoring station 16 . Example 7

[0029] A method for monitoring layered settlement of an earth-rock dam, using the above-mentioned device for monitoring layered settlement of an earth-rock dam, comprises the following steps: S1: When filling to the elevation position of each layered settlement measuring point, cast the measuring point anchor end 1 with concrete, pre-embed the anchor ring 2 above the measuring point anchor end 1, fix the indium steel wire 3, bury the protective pipe 4 after the current layer of filler is rolled, and pull the indium steel wire 3 upward at the same time, and change the pulling direction of the indium steel wire 3 through the first pulley block 5. If there are multiple turns, add a pulley block; S2: After the indium steel wire 3 is introduced into the observation room, it is connected to the vibrating-wire displacement meter 7 through the first joint fixture 6 and the second joint fixture 8. The vibrating-wire displacement meter 7 is connected to the second signal collector 14 through the second signal transmission cable 15, and finally connected to the monitoring station 16 through the optical fiber; S3: The end of the indium steel wire 3 is connected to the counterweight 10 through the second pulley group 9. The weight of the counterweight 10 at the end of each indium steel wire 3 is determined according to the elevation position of the anchor end of the indium steel wire. The counterweight 10 is placed on the hydraulic lifting platform 11. In the non-measuring state, the hydraulic lifting platform 11 is in a raised state, so that the indium steel wire 3 connected to the counterweight 10 is in a free state; when measuring, the hydraulic lifting platform 11 is lowered, and the counterweight 10 makes the indium steel wire 3 in a tensioned state under the action of its own weight, and the reading of the vibrating wire displacement meter 7 is recorded. The difference between the two measurement readings is the settlement value of the soil; S4: The hydraulic lifting platform 11 is connected to the first signal collector 13 through the first signal transmission cable 12, and the signal of the first signal collector 13 is connected to the monitoring station 16 through the optical fiber.

[0030] In step S3, the specific process of determining the settlement value of the soil is as follows: S31: Record the height H of the anchor end 1 of each measuring point i i=1, 2, 3, 4..., after filling to the dam top, the elevation H of the first pulley block at 5 locations is measured through the elevation reference point. 0 , read the length h from the first pulley block 5 through the scale of each indium steel wire 3 i i=1, 2, 3, 4..., then the elevation of the anchor end 1 of each measuring point when filling to the dam crest elevation is H 0 -hi i = 1, 2, 3, 4......, the settlement value d of each measuring point when filled to the dam crest elevation 0 = H i - H 0 - h i i = 1, 2, 3, 4......, d 0 is the initial value of the layered settlement of each measuring point; S32: The measured value of the k - th layered settlement is d k = d 0 + G i * f k - K i * T k ; The measured value of the (k + 1)-th layered settlement is d k+1 = d 0 + G i * f k + 1 - K i * T k + 1; The relative change amount monitored by the two measurements is: d k+1 - d k = d 0 + G i * f k+1 - K i * T k+1 - d 0 + G i * f k - K i * T k = G i * f k+1 - f k - K i * T k+1 - T k Where: G i is the displacement calculation coefficient of the vibrating wire displacement meter; i = 1, 2, 3, 4......; K i is the temperature calculation coefficient of the vibrating wire displacement meter; i = 1, 2, 3, 4......

[0031] The above - mentioned is only the preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A layered settlement monitoring device for an earth-rock dam, characterized in that: It includes a measuring point anchoring end (1), an indium wire (3) and a displacement monitoring mechanism. The measuring point anchoring end (1) is a concrete structure and is arranged on the settlement compaction layer to be monitored. An anchoring ring (2) is provided above the measuring point anchoring end (1). An indium wire (3) is connected inside the anchoring ring (2). The surface of the indium wire (3) is provided with scales. The displacement monitoring mechanism includes a vibrating wire displacement meter (7), a first signal collector (13), a second signal collector (14) and a monitoring station (16). Both ends of the vibrating wire displacement meter (7) are respectively provided with a first joint clamp (6) and a second joint clamp (8). The first joint clamp (6) is fixedly connected to the indium wire (3). The end of the second joint clamp (8) is connected to a monitoring control mechanism. The vibrating wire displacement meter (7) is connected to the second signal collector (14) through a second signal transmission cable (15). The monitoring control mechanism is connected to the first signal collector (13) through a first signal transmission cable (12). The first signal collector (13) and the second signal collector (14) are respectively connected to the monitoring station (16).

2. The layered settlement monitoring device for an earth-rock dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The indium wire (3) above the anchoring ring (2) is vertically arranged. A first pulley set (5) is provided at the top of the vertically arranged indium wire (3). The indium wire (3) bypasses the first pulley set (5) and is fixedly connected to the first joint clamp (6). The indium wire (3) at the connection of the first joint clamp (6) is horizontally arranged.

3. The layered settlement monitoring device for an earth-rock dam according to claim 2, characterized in that: A protective pipe (4) is sleeved outside the vertically arranged indium wire (3). The protective pipe (4) is a steel pipe or a PE pipe.

4. The layered settlement monitoring device for an earth-rock dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring control mechanism includes a second pulley set (9), a counterweight (10) and a hydraulic lifting platform (11). The indium wire (3) connected to the end of the second joint clamp (8) bypasses the second pulley set (9) and then vertically downward and is connected to the counterweight (10). The counterweight (10) is located above the hydraulic lifting platform (11).

5. The layered settlement monitoring device for an earth-rock dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first signal transmission cable (12) and the second signal transmission cable (15) are RS485 cables.

6. The layered settlement monitoring device for an earth-rock dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first signal collector (13) and the second signal collector (14) are respectively connected to the monitoring station (16) through optical fiber in a wired or wireless manner.

7. A layered settlement monitoring method for an earth-rock dam, using the layered settlement monitoring device for an earth-rock dam according to claim 1, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1: When it is necessary to fill to the elevation position of each layer settlement measurement point, use concrete to pour the anchoring end (1) of the measurement point. Embed the anchoring ring (2) and fix the indium steel wire (3) above the anchoring end (1) of the measurement point. After the filling of this layer is compacted, bury the protection tube (4), and at the same time, pull the indium steel wire (3) upward. Change the pulling direction of the indium steel wire (3) through the first pulley block (5). If there are multiple turns, add pulley blocks; S2: After introducing the indium steel wire (3) into the observation room, connect it to the vibrating wire displacement meter (7) through the first joint clamp (6) and the second joint clamp (8). The vibrating wire displacement meter (7) is connected to the second signal collector (14) through the second signal transmission cable (15), and finally access the monitoring station (16) through the optical fiber; S3: The end of the indium steel wire (3) is connected to the counterweight (10) through the second pulley block (9). The counterweight of the counterweight (10) at the end of each indium steel wire (3) is determined according to the elevation position of the anchoring end of the indium steel wire. The counterweight (10) is placed on the hydraulic lifting platform (11). In the non-measurement state, the hydraulic lifting platform (11) is in the raised state, so that the indium steel wire (3) connected to the counterweight (10) is in a free state; during measurement, lower the hydraulic lifting platform (11). Under the action of its own weight, the counterweight (10) makes the indium steel wire (3) in a tensioned state, record the reading of the vibrating wire displacement meter (7), and the difference between the two measurement readings is the settlement value of the soil body; S4: The hydraulic lifting platform (11) accesses the first signal collector (13) through the first signal transmission cable (12), and the signal of the first signal collector (13) accesses the monitoring station (16) through the optical fiber.

8. The method for monitoring the layered settlement of an earth-rock dam according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step S3, the specific process for determining the settlement value of the soil body is: S31: Record the elevation H of the anchoring end (1) of each measuring point i , where i = 1, 2, 3, 4...... After filling to the dam crest, the elevation H at the first pulley block (5) is jointly measured through the elevation reference point 0 , and the length h from the first pulley block (5) is read out through the scale of each invar wire (3) i , where i = 1, 2, 3, 4...... Then, when filling to the dam crest elevation, the elevation of the anchoring end (1) of each measuring point is H 0 -h i , where i = 1, 2, 3, 4...... When filling to the dam crest elevation, the settlement value d of each measuring point 0 =H i -H 0 -h i , where i = 1, 2, 3, 4......, d 0 is the initial value of the layered settlement of each measuring point; S32: The k-th layer settlement measurement value is d k = d 0 + G i * f k - K i * T k ; The (k + 1)-th layer settlement measurement value is d k+1 = d 0 + G i * f k + 1 - K i * T k + 1; The relative change amount monitored by the two measurements is: d k+1 -d k = (d 0 + G i * f k+1 - K i * T k+1 ) - (d 0 + G i * f k - K i * T k ) = G i * (f k+1 - f k ) - K i * (T k+1 - T k ) Where: G i is the displacement calculation coefficient of the vibrating wire displacement gauge; i = 1, 2, 3, 4......; K i is the temperature calculation coefficient of the vibrating wire displacement gauge; i = 1, 2, 3, 4......

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