Testing device and method with variable dangerous rock release angle and unchanged center of mass

Abstract

The invention discloses a dangerous rock release angle variable and mass center invariable test device and method, and the device comprises a supporting structure, and the top of the supporting structure is provided with a dangerous rock release structure which can be controlled to rotate through an angle driving structure; the dangerous rock releasing structure comprises a dangerous rock placing box, the center position of one side of the dangerous rock placing box is connected with the output end of the angle driving structure through a connecting rod A, and the center position of the other side of the dangerous rock placing box is rotationally connected with the top of the supporting structure through a connecting rod B; the purpose that the position of the mass center is not changed while the dangerous rock release angle is changed is achieved, the dangerous rock release height is not changed, and the precision of a test result is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of rock tests, in particular to a test device and method for a dangerous rock with a variable release angle and an unchanged centroid. Background Technique

[0002] Dangerous rocks in mountainous areas pose a great threat to the safety of buildings, structures and people's lives and property. It is of great significance to study the movement characteristics of dangerous rocks through physical tests to prevent the occurrence of dangerous rock disasters.

[0003] In this regard, a large number of test devices and methods for the movement characteristics of dangerous rocks have emerged at home and abroad. For example, Sun Juanjuan et al. invented a simulation device for the protection of collapsed rolling stones through the cooperation of ecological engineering and geotechnical engineering. The dangerous rock starting device in this invention includes components such as a jaw housing, jaws, drive gears, a rack, and a release cylinder. The jaw housing is fixedly connected to the main bracket through an adjustable connecting rod. Two jaws are symmetrically arranged inside. The jaws are rotatably connected to the inner side of the jaw housing. The drive gears are axially connected to the shafts of the jaws. The same rack is engaged between the two drive gears. The rack is vertically slidably connected to the jaw housing. The top of the rack is axially connected to the output shaft of the release cylinder. The release cylinder is fixedly connected to the jaw housing and is electrically connected to a computer. When it is necessary to release the rolling stone, the computer controls the release cylinder to work. The rack slides up and down under the drive of the release cylinder, driving the two drive gears to rotate simultaneously, so that the two jaws open synchronously, and the rolling stone falls from the bottom ends of the two jaws and directly falls onto the slide plate to achieve rolling. Although the dangerous rock can be released well and the large error caused by manual release of the dangerous rock can be avoided, in fact, when studying the movement characteristics of the dangerous rock, the release angle of the dangerous rock needs to be considered, and this device cannot achieve it.

[0004] In addition, Wu Yu et al. invented an indoor test device for rolling stone movement and a rammed earth structure. The dangerous rock starting device in this invention includes a bracket, a mounting crossbar, and a release assembly. The release assembly includes a lifting member, a bearing member, and a release member. By rotating the bearing member, the release angle of the dangerous rock can be adjusted. The release member is used to block and release the rolling stone. The middle of the bottom plate of the bearing member in the release assembly is fixed to the crossbar through bolts and nuts. After loading the dangerous rock, the angle of the rolling stone bearing member is adjusted, and then the release member is quickly opened to release the dangerous rock. In addition, Hu Jie et al. invented a dangerous rock release device, including a falling rock release box: used to place the falling rock simulation specimen, which is the starting position of the falling rock release. Lifting cylinder: controlled by pneumatic transmission valves (A, B), and can adjust the height of the release box arbitrarily, so as to change the falling height of the falling rock. Pulling cylinder: controlled by pneumatic transmission valves (C, D), and can adjust the flipping angle of the bottom plate of the release box to simulate the initial sliding angle of the falling rock, so as to realize the release of the falling rock simulation specimen. Overlapping 3-stage slide rails, sliders, and hydraulic cylinders: cooperate with computer control to enable the release box to be adjusted arbitrarily in the three-dimensional position, and realize the three-dimensional arbitrary position placement of the falling rock simulation test block. The entire release device is controlled by a computer to pressurize the pneumatic pump to the transmission valve and control the pressure size to ensure the stable operation of the system. The rolling stone release process adjusts the falling rock release box to the specified position through the computer-controlled hydraulic cylinder and lifting cylinder. Then, control the pulling cylinder to adjust the flipping angle of the bottom plate of the release box to reach the set initial sliding angle, and prepare to release the model falling rock specimen. After the preparation work is completed, the model falling rock specimen is released, and the falling rock starts to fall and impact the slope under the action of gravity. However, in fact, when the above devices change the release angle of the dangerous rock, the center of mass will change, resulting in the inconsistency between the actual release height of the dangerous rock and the set release height, thus affecting the accuracy of the test results.

[0005] To sum up, the principles of existing dangerous rock release devices generally change the release angle of the dangerous rock by rotating the bottom of the dangerous rock. Although this method can effectively change the release angle of the dangerous rock, the center of mass of the dangerous rock will also change when the angle is changed. This makes the center of mass of the dangerous rock not at the same height under different release angles when studying the movement characteristics of the dangerous rock, resulting in different release heights of the dangerous rock, and further affecting the accuracy of the test results. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above deficiencies and provide a test device and method with a variable release angle of dangerous rock and an unchanged center of mass, aiming to eliminate the problem that the center of mass of the dangerous rock changes due to the change of the release angle of the dangerous rock.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An experimental device with a variable release angle of dangerous rocks and an unchanged centroid, comprising a support structure, and a dangerous rock release structure that can be controlled to rotate by an angle driving structure is provided at the top of the support structure; the dangerous rock release structure includes a dangerous rock placement box, the central position on one side of the dangerous rock placement box is connected to the output end of the angle driving structure through a connecting rod A, the central position on the other side of the dangerous rock placement box is rotatably connected to the top of the support structure through a connecting rod B, and a device for measuring impact force is arranged on the ground below the dangerous rock placement box.

[0008] Preferably, the support structure includes a support member A and a support member B, the angle driving structure is installed on the support member A, the top of the support member A is rotatably connected to the connecting rod A, and the top of the support member B is rotatably connected to the connecting rod B.

[0009] More preferably, the support member A includes a bottom plate A fixedly connected to the ground, the bottom plate A is fixedly connected to a support plate A through a support rod A, a pedestal outer spherical bearing A is arranged on the support plate A, and the pedestal outer spherical bearing A is rotatably connected to the connecting rod A; the support member B includes a bottom plate B fixedly connected to the ground, the bottom plate B is fixedly connected to a support plate B through a support rod B, a pedestal outer spherical bearing B is arranged on the support plate B, and the pedestal outer spherical bearing B is rotatably connected to the connecting rod B.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the dangerous rock placement box is open, and an iron cover A and an iron cover B are respectively hinged on both sides of the bottom. An electromagnet is arranged on the iron cover A, and an iron block is arranged on the iron cover B.

[0011] More preferably, the iron cover A is hinged to the bottom of the dangerous rock placement box through a hinge connector A, and the iron cover B is hinged to the bottom of the dangerous rock placement box through a hinge connector B.

[0012] More preferably, the dangerous rock placement box is of a cube structure, the central position of one side surface is connected to the connecting rod A through a square connector A, and the central position of the other side surface is connected to the connecting rod B through a square connector B.

[0013] Preferably, the angle driving structure includes a driving shell, a driving motor is arranged in the driving shell, the output end of the driving motor is connected to a gear B, the gear B is connected to a gear A on the connecting rod A through a chain, the control end of the driving motor is connected to a processor, and the processor is electrically connected to a display screen; the angle driving structure also cooperates with a disc brake structure.

[0014] More preferably, the disc brake structure includes a brake lever and a grip hinged thereto, the brake lever is connected to a disc brake through a disc brake wire, the disc brake is installed on an L-shaped rod, the L-shaped rod is fixed to the side of the driving shell, and the disc brake cooperates with the gear B.

[0015] Preferably, the impact force measuring device includes an impact plate, a blocking plate, a force sensor, a force transmission block, fastening screw A, fastening screw B, and a signal analyzer;

[0016] The force sensor is connected to the force transmission block by fastening screw A to be fixed on the impact plate. Among them, the head of fastening screw A is placed in a preset groove of the blocking plate; the impact plate and the blocking plate are fastened to each other by fastening screw B in a threaded connection manner;

[0017] The signal analyzer is electrically connected to the force sensor.

[0018] In addition, the present invention also discloses a test method for the above test device with a variable release angle of dangerous rocks and an unchanged centroid, which includes the following steps:

[0019] Step (1), placing the dangerous rock into the dangerous rock placement box: First, make the iron box A and the iron box B in the dangerous rock release structure in close contact, then turn on the power supply of the electromagnet, and then place the dangerous rock into the box from above the dangerous rock placement box;

[0020] Step (2), placing the dangerous rock release structure horizontally: Roughly level the dangerous rock release structure by hand, place a spirit level on the top of the dangerous rock placement box, and pay attention to the bubble in the middle of the spirit level while adjusting the angle of the dangerous rock placement box. Stop adjusting when the bubble is centered;

[0021] Step (3), setting the release angle of the dangerous rock: On the display screen of the angle drive structure, click the setting option for the release angle of the dangerous rock, select its parameters, and then click the "Run" button to start the corresponding program;

[0022] By setting the processor, use its program to control the rotation speed of the output shaft of the drive motor, control gear B, and thus control the angle of connecting rod A. The rotation angle of connecting rod A is the same as that of the dangerous rock release structure. Determine the angle size by detecting the rotation speed of the motor and display it on the display screen;

[0023] The following are the determination steps for the set release angle of the dangerous rock:

[0024] (3.1): Determine the transmission ratios at all levels: The motor is directly connected to gear B. When the motor shaft rotates one circle, the number of circles that gear B rotates is Z m / Z B where Z m is the number of teeth of the small gear on the motor shaft, and Z B is the number of teeth of gear B; Gear B and connecting rod A are connected by gears, and the transmission ratio i 1 of this level is:

[0025]

[0026] where Z A is the number of teeth of connecting rod A;

[0027] The total transmission ratio i from the motor to the dangerous rock release structure is:

[0028]

[0029] (3.2): Derive the relationship between the angle and the motor speed: When the motor speed is n, the relationship between the angle θ of the rotation of the dangerous rock release structure and the motor speed n is:

[0030]

[0031] The set angle of the dangerous rock release structure is θ set ;

[0032] (3.3): Judgment formula: When θ reaches θ set That is:

[0033]

[0034] Solving for the motor speed n gives:

[0035]

[0036] In actual judgment, considering the measurement error and the deviation of the mechanical system, when the detected motor speed θ 实 Satisfies:

[0037]

[0038] It is considered that the dangerous rock release structure has reached the set angle, and Δn is the allowable error range;

[0039] Step (4), lock the dangerous rock release structure: After the prompt message "Operation completed" appears on the display screen of the angle drive structure, squeeze the brake lever of the disc brake structure and the plastic grip connected thereto to lock the angular position of the dangerous rock release structure;

[0040] Step (5), release the dangerous rock: Turn off the power supply of the electromagnet, the suction force between iron box A and iron box B disappears, the dangerous rock freely falls under its own weight, and collides with the impact plate to test the sample data.

[0041] Advantages of the present invention:

[0042] 1. The present invention achieves the purpose of changing the release angle of the dangerous rock while keeping the center of mass unchanged, and the release height of the dangerous rock does not change, ensuring the accuracy of the test results.

[0043] 2. The device of the present invention for dangerous rock tests is easy to disassemble and assemble, and is easy to transport, store and reuse.

[0044] 3. The test method of the present invention for dangerous rocks is convenient to operate. Description of the Drawings

[0045] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a test device with a variable release angle of dangerous rocks and an unchanged centroid;

[0046] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of support member A;

[0047] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of support member B;

[0048] Figure 4 It is the front view of the dangerous rock release structure of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 5 It is the left view of the dangerous rock release structure of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 6 It is the cross-sectional view of the angle driving structure of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 7 It is the schematic diagram of the connection between the disc brake of the present invention and the L-shaped rod;

[0052] Figure 8 It is the schematic diagram of the disc brake structure of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 9 It is the schematic diagram of the installation position of the fastening screw in the impact force measuring device of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 10 It is the schematic diagram of the impact force measuring structure of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 11 It is the schematic diagram of the impact force measuring structure of the present invention installed below the dangerous rock placement box. Detailed Embodiments

[0056] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0057] Embodiment 1: As Figures 1-11 shown, a test device with a variable release angle of dangerous rocks and an unchanged centroid includes a support structure, and a dangerous rock release structure 5 that can be controlled to rotate by an angle driving structure 6 is provided at the top of the support structure; the dangerous rock release structure 5 includes a dangerous rock placement box 501, the center position of one side of the dangerous rock placement box 501 is connected to the output end of the angle driving structure 6 through a connecting rod A 3, the center position of the other side of the dangerous rock placement box 501 is rotatably connected to the top of the support structure through a connecting rod B 4, and an impact force measuring device 8 is arranged on the ground below the dangerous rock placement box 501.

[0058] Preferably, the support structure includes support member A1 and support member B2. The angle driving structure 6 is installed on support member A1. The top of support member A1 is rotatably connected to connecting rod A3, and the top of support member B2 is rotatably connected to connecting rod B4.

[0059] More preferably, support member A1 includes a bottom plate A101 fixedly connected to the ground. The bottom plate A101 is fixedly connected to a support plate A103 through a support rod A102. A pedestal outer spherical bearing A104 is provided on the support plate A103, and the pedestal outer spherical bearing A104 is rotatably connected to connecting rod A3; support member B2 includes a bottom plate B201 fixedly connected to the ground. The bottom plate B201 is fixedly connected to a support plate B203 through a support rod B202. A pedestal outer spherical bearing B204 is provided on the support plate B203, and the pedestal outer spherical bearing B204 is rotatably connected to connecting rod B4.

[0060] Preferably, the top of the dangerous rock placement box 501 is open, and iron covers A504a and B504b are respectively hinged on both sides of the bottom. An electromagnet 502 is provided on iron cover A504a, and an iron block 503 is provided on iron cover B504b.

[0061] More preferably, iron cover A504a is hinged to the bottom of the dangerous rock placement box 501 through hinge connector A505a, and iron cover B504b is hinged to the bottom of the dangerous rock placement box 501 through hinge connector B505b.

[0062] More preferably, the dangerous rock placement box 501 is of a cube structure. The center position of one side surface is connected to connecting rod A3 through square connector A, and the center position of the other side surface is connected to connecting rod B4 through square connector B.

[0063] The shape design of the dangerous rock placement box is quite crucial and needs to follow specific geometric characteristics, that is, no matter how it rotates, its centroid position always remains constant. For example, in a cube, all edge lengths are equal and all faces are exactly the same. No matter which axis it rotates around, its centroid is firmly located at the center position. This can ensure that when the dangerous rock inside rotates at an angle, the centroid is also basically firmly located at the center position. The dangerous rock placement box is made of iron material and has an overall box-shaped structure. Its top and bottom are both open, forming an up-and-down through accommodation space. The size of the dangerous rock placement box is about 10 mm larger than the size of the dangerous rock.

[0064] Preferably, the angle driving structure 6 includes a driving housing 602, a driving motor 604 is provided inside the driving housing 602, the output end of the driving motor 604 is connected to a gear B603, the gear B603 is connected to a gear A301 on the connecting rod A3 through a chain 601, the control end of the driving motor 604 is connected to a processor 605, and the processor 605 is electrically connected to a display screen 606. By providing the processor 605, the number of revolutions of the output shaft of the driving motor 604 is controlled by its program, so as to control the angles of the connecting rod A3, the dangerous rock release structure 5 and the connecting rod B4, the angle size is determined by detecting the number of revolutions of the output shaft, and is displayed on the display screen 606; the angle driving structure 6 also cooperates with the disc brake structure 7.

[0065] More preferably, the disc brake structure 7 includes a brake lever 701 and a grip 704 hinged thereto, the brake lever 701 is connected to a disc brake 703 through a disc brake wire 702, the disc brake 703 is installed on an L-shaped rod 607, the L-shaped rod 607 is fixed to the side of the driving housing 602, and the disc brake 703 cooperates with the gear B603.

[0066] Preferably, the impact force measuring device 8 includes an impact plate 801, a blocking plate 802, a force sensor 803, a force transmitting block 804, fastening screw A805, fastening screw B806 and a signal analyzer 807.

[0067] The force sensor 803 is fixed to the impact plate 801 by means of the fastening screw A805 and the force transmitting block 804. Among them, the head of the fastening screw A805 is placed in a preset groove of the blocking plate 802. Between the impact plate 801 and the blocking plate 802, they are fastened to each other by the fastening screw B806 in a threaded connection manner.

[0068] Correct installation of the force sensor is the guarantee for obtaining accurate measurement. During installation, special attention must be paid to making the external force act uniformly and vertically on the upper and lower surfaces of the force sensor, and strive to avoid and reduce lateral forces. Only when the external force is evenly distributed can the entire measurement range be fully utilized, otherwise it is easy to cause damage to the sensor due to overload.

[0069] The signal analyzer 807 is electrically connected to the force sensor 803.

[0070] The electromagnet 502 adopts ZYN-F200 / 30 / 25 - suction force 100 kg.

[0071] The iron block 503 adopts a thickness of 30 mm.

[0072] The buckle 506 adopts 3-inch (flat buckle) 201 stainless steel.

[0073] The brake lever 701 adopts an aluminum alloy three-finger brake lever.

[0074] The disc brake 703 uses an F160 / R140 mechanical wire-pulled disc brake.

[0075] The force sensor 803 uses an L1200E piezoelectric force sensor.

[0076] The signal analyzer 807 uses an XY9800A dynamic signal analyzer.

[0077] Example 2: The specific steps for assembling the device of the present invention are as follows:

[0078] (1) Assemble the dangerous rock release structure: Place the electromagnet at the designated position in the iron cover A and fix it with bolts. Place the iron block at the designated position in the iron cover B and fix it with bolts. Fix the square connector A and the square connector B to the side of the dangerous rock placement box with bolts. Finally, bolt-connect the outside of the dangerous rock placement box to the iron cover A and the iron cover B with hinge connectors A and B respectively.

[0079] (2) Assemble the disc brake structure: Properly connect one end of the disc brake wire to the corresponding connection part of the brake lever. Subsequently, carefully connect the other end of the disc brake wire to the designated interface of the disc brake. Adjust the tightness of the disc brake wire. Then pick up the plastic grip and align it perfectly with the installation part of the brake lever. Use a suitable tool to gradually tighten the screws on the brake lever.

[0080] (3) Assemble the angle drive structure: One side of the drive housing is fixedly connected to the display screen, and the inside is connected to the processor. One side of the drive housing is fixedly connected to the drive motor. One side of the drive housing is welded with an L-shaped rod. The output shaft of the drive motor passes through the drive housing and is axially connected to gear B. Gear B is connected to gear A through a chain. Gear A is threadedly connected to the connecting rod A.

[0081] (4) Assemble and fix the support structure: Place the bottom plate A and the bottom plate B at the designated positions and fix them to the ground. The lower ends of the support rods A and B are respectively fixedly connected to the bottom plate A and the bottom plate B. The upper end of the support rod B is connected to the support plate B. The spherical roller bearing with housing B is placed on the support plate B and fixed with bolts.

[0082] (5) Install the angle drive structure: Insert the angle drive structure from the upper end of the support member A into the pre-set position and fix the bolts. This operation needs to ensure that the angle drive structure is firmly installed without loosening.

[0083] (6) Assemble the support plate A and the spherical roller bearing with housing A: Connect the support plate A to the support rod A. Place the spherical roller bearing with housing A on the support plate A and fix it with bolts.

[0084] (7) Connect the connecting rod and the bearing: Connect connecting rod A and connecting rod B to pedestal outer spherical bearing A and pedestal outer spherical bearing B respectively. Ensure that the connection between the connecting rod and the bearing is firm and reliable, and can withstand various forces in subsequent operations.

[0085] (8) Connect the dangerous rock release structure: Thread-connect square connector A of the dangerous rock release structure to connecting rod A, and thread-connect square connector B of the dangerous rock release structure to connecting rod B.

[0086] (9) Connect connecting rod A and gear A: Thread-connect gear A to connecting rod A.

[0087] (10) Connect the gear and the chain: Place the dangerous rock release structure horizontally, and then connect gear A and gear B with a chain. The connection between the gear and the chain should ensure the stability of transmission.

[0088] (11) Connect the disc brake structure and the angle drive structure: Bolt-connect the disc brake to the L-shaped rod of the angle drive structure, as Figure 6 shown.

[0089] (12) Assemble the force sensor: Place the impact plate horizontally on the ground. According to the pre-planned position layout, place the force sensors one by one in place. Subsequently, install the corresponding force-receiving blocks, and then screw in fastening screw A to firmly connect the force sensor to the impact plate and fix it at the corresponding position on the impact plate. Repeat the above operation process until all force sensors are firmly fixed on the impact plate.

[0090] (13) Assemble the impact force measurement structure: Insert the unified whole composed of the assembled force sensor and the impact plate accurately into the pre-set groove of the blocking plate with the side where the fastening screw head is located. Subsequently, insert fastening screw B, and by rotating fastening screw B, connect the impact plate and the blocking plate, and form a pre-tightening force during the connection process.

[0091] Embodiment 3: The present invention also discloses a test method for the above test device with variable dangerous rock release angle and unchanged centroid, which includes the following steps:

[0092] Step (1), Place the dangerous rock into the dangerous rock placement box: First, make iron box A and iron box B in the dangerous rock release structure be in close contact, then turn on the power supply of the electromagnet, and then place the dangerous rock into the box from above the dangerous rock placement box;

[0093] Step (2), Place the dangerous rock release structure horizontally: Roughly level the dangerous rock release structure by hand, place a spirit level on the top of the dangerous rock placement box, pay attention to the bubble in the middle of the spirit level while adjusting the angle of the dangerous rock placement box, and stop adjusting when the bubble is centered;

[0094] Step (3), Set the release angle of the dangerous rock: On the display screen of the angle drive structure, click on the setting option for the release angle of the dangerous rock, select its parameters, and then click the "Run" button to start the corresponding program;

[0095] By setting a processor, use its program to control the rotation speed of the output shaft of the drive motor, control Gear B, and thus control the angle of Link A. The rotation angle of Link A is the same as that of the dangerous rock release structure. Determine the angle size based on the detected motor rotation speed and display it on the display screen;

[0096] The following are the steps for determining the release angle of the dangerous rock:

[0097] (3.1): Determine the transmission ratios at all levels: The motor is directly connected to Gear B. When the motor shaft rotates one circle, the number of circles that Gear B rotates is Z m / Z B , where Z m is the number of teeth of the small gear on the motor shaft, and Z B is the number of teeth of Gear B; Gear B and Link A are connected by gears, and the transmission ratio i 1 for this level is:

[0098]

[0099] where Z A is the number of teeth of Link A;

[0100] The total transmission ratio i from the motor to the dangerous rock release structure is:

[0101]

[0102] (3.2): Deduce the relationship between the angle and the motor rotation speed: When the motor rotation speed is n, the relationship between the rotation angle θ of the dangerous rock release structure and the motor rotation speed n is:

[0103]

[0104] The set angle of the dangerous rock release structure is θ set ;

[0105] (3.3): Judgment formula: When θ reaches θ set , that is:

[0106]

[0107] Solve for the motor rotation speed n to get:

[0108]

[0109] During actual judgment, considering measurement errors and mechanical system deviations, when the detected motor rotation speed θ 实 satisfies:

[0110]

[0111] It is considered that the dangerous rock release structure has reached the set angle, and Δn is the allowable error range; in the present invention, 0.05 is taken.

[0112] Step (4), lock the dangerous rock release structure: after the prompt message "Operation completed" appears on the display screen of the angle driving structure, squeeze the brake handle of the disc brake structure and the plastic grip connected thereto to lock the angular position of the dangerous rock release structure;

[0113] Step (5), release the dangerous rock: turn off the power supply of the electromagnet, the suction force between iron box A and iron box B disappears, the dangerous rock freely falls under its own weight, and collides with the impact plate to test the sample data.

[0114] Embodiment 4: The present invention also discloses a determination method to ensure that the release angle of the dangerous rock changes while the release height remains unchanged, which includes the following steps:

[0115] Step 1: Place the dangerous rock into the dangerous rock placement box: first make iron box A and iron box B in the dangerous rock release structure be in close contact, then turn on the power supply of the electromagnet, and then place the dangerous rock into the box from above the dangerous rock placement box;

[0116] Step 2: Place the dangerous rock release structure horizontally: roughly level the dangerous rock release structure by hand, place a spirit level on the top of the dangerous rock placement box, pay attention to the bubble in the middle of the spirit level while adjusting the angle of the dangerous rock placement box, and stop adjusting when the bubble is centered;

[0117] Step 3: Set the release angle of the dangerous rock: on the display screen of the angle driving structure, click the setting option for the release angle of the dangerous rock, select the parameter as 15°, and then click the "Run" button to start the corresponding program;

[0118] Step 4: Lock the dangerous rock release structure: after the prompt message "Operation completed" appears on the display screen of the angle driving structure, squeeze the brake handle of the disc brake structure and the plastic grip connected thereto to lock the angular position of the dangerous rock release structure;

[0119] Step 5: Release the dangerous rock and measure the impact force magnitude: turn off the power supply of the electromagnet, the suction force between iron box A and iron box B disappears, the dangerous rock freely falls under its own weight, and collides with the impact plate to test the sample data. At this time, the measured impact force magnitude is F 1 .

[0120] Step 6: Measure the second impact force magnitude data: repeat Step 1, 2, 3, after setting the dangerous rock release angle parameter in Step 3 as 30°, repeat Step 4, 5, and at this time the measured impact force magnitude is F 2 .

[0121] Step 7: Measure the data of the magnitude of the third impact force: Repeat Steps 1, 2, and 3. After setting the release angle parameter of the dangerous rock in Step 3 to 45°, repeat Steps 4 and 5. At this time, the measured magnitude of the impact force is F 3 。

[0122] Step 8: Method for ensuring that the release angle of the dangerous rock changes while the release height remains unchanged: When

[0123]

[0124] it is considered that the release angle of the dangerous rock changes while the release height remains unchanged. Here, ΔF is the allowable error range, and in the present invention, it is taken as 0.05.

[0125] where i takes 1, 2, and 3.

[0126] The steps for replacing the dangerous rock release structure are as follows:

[0127] (1) Disassemble the dangerous rock release structure (retain the square connectors on both sides): First, use a suitable wrench to reach into both sides inside the dangerous rock placement box, accurately locate and unscrew the fixing nuts. Finally, remove the main body of the dangerous rock release structure, while paying attention to retaining the square connectors on both sides and not accidentally disassembling them.

[0128] (2) Install a new dangerous rock release structure (dock the square connectors on both sides): First, unscrew the bolts on the bottom plate of the support structure on one side. Hold the new dangerous rock release structure and rotate it to connect and fix it with the square connectors on both sides to ensure that the interfaces fit perfectly; then, insert the bolts and screw on the nuts from one side inside the dangerous rock placement box.

[0129] (3) Reset and fix the unscrewed support structure: After installing the new dangerous rock release structure, fix the previously unscrewed support structure to the ground.

[0130] The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limitations on the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention should be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including the equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, the equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test device with a variable release angle of a dangerous rock and a constant center of mass, comprising a support structure, a dangerous rock release structure (5) which can be controlled to rotate by an angle driving structure (6) is provided on the top of the support structure; the characteristics are: The dangerous rock release structure (5) comprises a dangerous rock placement box (501), wherein the center position of one side of the dangerous rock placement box (501) is connected to the output end of the angle drive structure (6) via a connecting rod A (3), and the center position of the other side of the dangerous rock placement box (501) is rotatably connected to the top of the support structure via a connecting rod B (4), and an impact force measuring device (8) is arranged on the ground below the dangerous rock placement box (501).

2. The test device with variable release angle of dangerous rocks and unchanged center of mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support structure comprises a support member A (1) and a support member B (2), an angle driving structure (6) is mounted on the support member A (1), the top of the support member A (1) is rotationally connected to the connecting rod A (3), and the top of the support member B (2) is rotationally connected to the connecting rod B (4).

3. The test device with variable release angle of dangerous rocks and unchanged center of mass according to claim 2, characterized in that: The support member A (1) comprises a base plate A (101) fixedly connected to the ground, the base plate A (101) being fixedly connected to a support plate A (103) via a support rod A (102), an outer spherical bearing A (104) with a seat is provided on the support plate A (103), and the outer spherical bearing A (104) with a seat is rotatably connected to a connecting rod A (3); the support member B (2) comprises a base plate B (201) fixedly connected to the ground, the base plate B (201) being fixedly connected to a support plate B (203) via a support rod B (202), an outer spherical bearing B (204) with a seat is provided on the support plate B (203), and the outer spherical bearing B (204) with a seat is rotatably connected to a connecting rod B (4).

4. The test device with variable release angle of dangerous rocks and constant center of mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the dangerous rock placement box (501) is open, and the two sides of the bottom are respectively hinged with an iron cover A (504a) and an iron cover B (504b), wherein the iron cover A (504a) is provided with an electromagnet (502), and the iron cover B (504b) is provided with an iron block (503).

5. The test device with variable release angle of dangerous rocks and unchanged center of mass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The iron cover A (504a) is hinged to the bottom of the dangerous rock placement box (501) through a hinge connector A (505a), and the iron cover B (504b) is hinged to the bottom of the dangerous rock placement box (501) through a hinge connector B (505b).

6. The test device with variable release angle of dangerous rocks and constant center of mass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The dangerous rock placement box (501) is a cubic structure, the center of one side thereof is connected to a connecting rod A (3) via a square connector A, and the center of the other side thereof is connected to a connecting rod B (4) via a square connector B.

7. The test device with variable release angle of dangerous rocks and unchanged center of mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle driving structure (6) comprises a driving shell (602), a driving motor (604) is arranged inside the driving shell (602), an output end of the driving motor (604) is connected to a gear B (603), the gear B (603) is connected to a gear A (301) on a connecting rod A (3) via a chain (601), a control end of the driving motor (604) is connected to a processor (605), and the processor (605) is electrically connected to a display screen (606); the angle driving structure (6) also cooperates with a disc brake structure (7).

8. The test device with variable release angle of dangerous rocks and unchanged center of mass according to claim 7, characterized in that: The disc brake structure (7) comprises a brake handle (701) and a grip (704) hinged thereto, wherein the brake handle (701) is connected to a disc brake (703) via a disc brake line (702), wherein the disc brake (703) is mounted on an L-shaped rod (607), wherein the L-shaped rod (607) is fixed to a side of a drive housing (602), and the disc brake (703) cooperates with a gear B (603).

9. The test device with variable release angle of dangerous rocks and constant center of mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The impact force measuring device (8) comprises an impact plate (801), a blocking plate (802), a force sensor (803), a force transmission block (804), a fastening screw A (805), a fastening screw B (806) and a signal analyzer (807); The force sensor (803) is connected to the force transmission block (804) by means of a fastening screw A (805) to achieve fixation on the impact plate (801); wherein the head of the fastening screw A (805) is placed in a preset groove of the blocking plate (802); the impact plate (801) and the blocking plate (802) are fastened to each other by means of a threaded connection by means of a fastening screw B (806); The signal analyzer (807) is electrically connected to the force sensor (803).

10. A test method for the test device with variable release angle of dangerous rocks and constant center of mass as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: Step (1), placing the dangerous rock into the dangerous rock placement box: first, make the iron box A and the iron box B in the dangerous rock release structure closely contact, then turn on the power of the electromagnet, and then place the dangerous rock into the box from above the dangerous rock placement box; Step (2), placing the dangerous rock release structure in a horizontal position: roughly level the dangerous rock release structure by hand, place a level ruler on the top of the dangerous rock placement box, and pay attention to the bubble in the middle of the level ruler while adjusting the angle of the dangerous rock placement box. Stop adjusting when the bubble is centered. Step (3), setting the dangerous rock release angle: on the display screen of the angle drive structure, click the setting option of the dangerous rock release angle, select its parameters, and then click the "Run" button to start the corresponding program; By setting a processor, the program thereof is used to control the number of revolutions of the output shaft of the driving motor, and the gear B is controlled, thereby controlling the angle of the connecting rod A. The rotation angle of the connecting rod A is the same as that of the dangerous rock release structure. The angle is determined by the detected number of revolutions of the motor and displayed on the display screen; The following are the steps to determine the release angle of dangerous rocks: (3.1): Determine the transmission ratio of each level: the motor is directly connected to gear B. When the motor shaft rotates one circle, the number of circles that gear B rotates is Z. m / Z B , where Z m is the number of teeth on the pinion on the motor shaft, Z B is the number of teeth of gear B; gear B is connected to connecting rod A through gears, and the transmission ratio i1 of this stage is: Where Z A is the number of teeth of connecting rod A; The total transmission ratio i from the motor to the rock release structure is: (3.2): Derivation of the relationship between angle and motor speed: When the motor speed is n, the relationship between the angle θ of the rock release structure and the motor speed n is: The angle of the rock release structure is set to θ set ; (3.3): Judgment formula: When θ reaches θ set When, that is: Solving for the motor speed n yields: In actual judgment, taking into account the measurement error and the deviation of the mechanical system, when the detected motor speed θ 实 satisfy: It is considered that the rock release structure has reached the set angle, and Δn is the allowable error range; Step (4), locking the rock release structure: when the prompt message "operation completed" appears on the display screen of the angle drive structure, squeeze the brake handle of the disc brake structure and the plastic handle connected thereto to lock the angle position of the rock release structure; Step (5), releasing the dangerous rock: turn off the power supply of the electromagnet, the suction between the iron box A and the iron box B disappears, the dangerous rock falls freely under the action of its own weight, and collides with the impact plate, and the sample data is tested.

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