Fault activity and deformation expansion characteristic analysis method, electronic equipment and medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a fault activity and deformation expansion characteristic analysis method, electronic equipment and a medium. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a physical simulation experiment model, and carrying out an extrusion structure deformation physical simulation experiment; aiming at the top surface and the side surface of the experimental model, acquiring an experimental process image in a tectonic deformation domain, and further carrying out original data preprocessing; based on the preprocessed experimental process image, analyzing a tectonic deformation evolution process, and calculating an instantaneous velocity field; and according to the experimental process construction interpretation scheme and the instantaneous velocity field, an instantaneous velocity profile is drawn, and fault activity and deformation expansion characteristics are analyzed. According to the method, the physical simulation experiment process image of the extrusion deformation structure, the instantaneous velocity field and the strain field are integrated, fault activity characteristics are directly identified, the expansion trend of the deformation of the structure is analyzed, the kinematics data of the deformation process of the model are fully utilized, and the overall expression of the global deformation characteristics of the model and the detailed description of the local structure belt activity are considered; and a foundation is laid for subsequent thrust zone deformation expansion analysis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of physical simulation deformation analysis of structures, and more specifically, to a method for analyzing fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics, an electronic device, and a medium. Background Art

[0002] The physical simulation technology of structures is an effective means to study the deformation development process and the evolution of structural deformation patterns under the influence of complex geological factors. Among them, the dynamic monitoring of the deformation process is the key basis for accurately depicting strain propagation and exploring deformation control factors.

[0003] Since the physical simulation technology was introduced into the field of structural deformation analysis, the improvement of experimental equipment and the development of geological basic theories have jointly promoted the monitoring of the deformation process to achieve great development in the direction of quantification and refinement. In the early kinematic analysis process of structural deformation, it mainly relied on manually laying or drawing reference marks, and was achieved by analyzing the geometric and kinematic characteristics of the reference marks before and after deformation. The development of computer technology has broken through the limitations of low efficiency, low accuracy, and low resolution in manual strain identification. The image post-processing technology based on Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) can greatly improve the resolution of physical quantities such as the displacement field and strain field of imaging particles in the structural deformation domain by accurately calculating and analyzing the continuous monitoring images of the dynamic deformation process, making it possible to conduct a fine quantitative analysis of the formation and evolution of structural deformation, and it was first successfully applied to the study of the geometric and kinematic characteristics of the development process of thrust belts.

[0004] This method can accurately obtain the instantaneous apparent velocity (V 视 ) of imaging particles in the deformation domain of the experimental model by processing and calculating the photos of the continuous deformation process:

[0005] V 视 = limΔs / Δt

[0006] For a uniformly layered extrusion model, there is no obvious difference in the kinematic characteristics in the direction perpendicular to the extrusion direction. Therefore, the instantaneous apparent velocity (V 视 ) of the model plane can be approximated as the shortening velocity (U) of the model along the extrusion direction, and by calculating the velocity change gradient along the extrusion direction, the linear strain of the model along the extrusion direction can be obtained:

[0007] E xx = dU / dX = [U (i,j+1) - U (i,j-1) / [X (i,j+1) - X (i,j-1)

[0008] ​Finally, based on the above data, maps can be generated to obtain the vector map, contour map of the instantaneous velocity field during the deformation process, and the distribution map of linear strain along the horizontal direction, so as to visually display the strain concentration and deformation propagation during the extrusion tectonic deformation process.

[0009] Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) generates vector maps and contour maps of the displacement field, velocity field, and derived strain field of imaging particles within the concerned tectonic deformation domain through the analysis and processing of a large number of real-time monitoring photos during the dynamic experimental process. It can visually describe the strain propagation and concentration, and the formation and development of deformation during the tectonic deformation process, thus providing an intuitive quantitative basis for the accurate analysis of the kinematic process and dynamic mechanism of tectonic evolution. However, based on the vector maps and contour maps of the physical parameters characterizing the deformation movement process obtained from the processed data, affected by the setting of the color scale value range of the displayed image, it is difficult to take into account both the overall distribution of the global motion state and the changes in the local motion state. As a result, a large amount of data obtained from the motion process analysis cannot be fully utilized, and the kinematic information of the tectonic process submerged therein is difficult to be fully excavated, affecting the accurate characterization of the deformation process and restricting the accurate analysis of the formation, development, and propagation of tectonic deformation.

[0010] Currently, there is a need to develop an analysis method for fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics.

[0011] The information disclosed in the background art part of the present invention is only intended to deepen the understanding of the general background art of the present invention, and should not be regarded as an admission or any form of implication that this information constitutes the prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0012] The present invention proposes an analysis method, an electronic device, and a medium for fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics, which directly carry out the analysis of the PIV source data during the extrusion deformation experiment process, facilitating the analysis of the overall dynamic development trend and local detailed deformation characteristics of the deformation process, thereby improving the accuracy of the identification of reverse fault activity and the analysis of deformation propagation during the tectonic deformation process.

[0013] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an analysis method for fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics, including:

[0014] Construct a physical simulation experimental model and conduct a physical simulation experiment on extrusion tectonic deformation;

[0015] For the top surface and side surface of the experimental model, collect the experimental process images within the tectonic deformation domain, and then perform preprocessing of the original data;

[0016] Based on the preprocessed experimental process images, analyze the tectonic deformation evolution process and calculate the instantaneous velocity field;

[0017] Construct an interpretation scheme and an instantaneous velocity field according to the experimental process, draw an instantaneous velocity profile, and analyze the fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics.

[0018] As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, construct a physical simulation experiment model, and carry out a physical simulation experiment on compressive tectonic deformation, including:

[0019] Scale down the actual geological model proportionally to a physical simulation experiment model based on the similarity principle;

[0020] Based on the Coulomb failure criterion and the Newtonian fluid rheological equation, use dry quartz sand particles and silica gel to simulate brittle fractured rock layers and plastic rheological rock layers respectively, and lay the physical model in layers in the experimental sand box;

[0021] The brittle deformation layer is laid with interbedded layers of the same dry quartz particle material of different colors, and the topmost deformation layer is a white quartz sand layer;

[0022] A layer of colored quartz sand is laid above the white quartz sand layer at the top of the experimental model.

[0023] As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, for the top surface and side surface of the experimental model, collect images of the real-time deformation process in the tectonic deformation domain, and then perform preprocessing of the original data, including:

[0024] Place standard scales at the edges of the top surface and side surface of the experimental model respectively, and fix digital cameras directly above the top surface and in front of the profile respectively;

[0025] Set the working mode of the digital camera to the continuous shooting mode, and set the shooting time interval and shooting duration;

[0026] Set the experimental control parameters, start the experiment, and at the same time turn on the digital camera to monitor the real-time process of the model deformation experiment, and collect images of the real-time deformation process in the tectonic deformation domain;

[0027] Process the top surface photos and side surface photos of the experimental process respectively, and divide the top surface photo sequence into continuous deformation image subsequences according to the equal-spacing shortening amount.

[0028] As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, based on the preprocessed experimental process images, analyze the tectonic deformation evolution process and calculate the instantaneous velocity field, including:

[0029] Based on the preprocessed experimental process images, carry out tectonic interpretation on the model profile images and top surface images respectively to obtain a tectonic interpretation scheme for the model deformation process;

[0030] Determine the fault development position, edit the fault numbers, and determine the deformation development process and the spatio-temporal expansion sequence;

[0031] Calculate each subsequence of the top surface image of the experimental model to obtain the instantaneous velocity field source file corresponding to each subsequence of the experimental process image at the corresponding evolution stage.

[0032] As a specific implementation manner of the embodiments of the present disclosure, construct an interpretation scheme and an instantaneous velocity field according to the experimental process, draw an instantaneous velocity profile, and analyze the fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics, including:

[0033] Determine the subsequence of the top surface image of the model corresponding to different activity stages of each fault, and obtain the instantaneous velocity field cloud atlas and the instantaneous horizontal line strain field cloud atlas at the corresponding deformation evolution stage;

[0034] According to the instantaneous velocity field and the instantaneous horizontal line strain field cloud atlas at the top surface deformation evolution stage, locate the shortening amount corresponding to the development and activity time of each fault, which is the characteristic point of fault activity;

[0035] According to the characteristic points of the fault activity, extract the position coordinate information and the instantaneous velocity information in the instantaneous velocity field source file at the corresponding time;

[0036] According to the position coordinate information and the instantaneous velocity information corresponding to the characteristic points of the fault activity during the model deformation process, draw the instantaneous velocity profile of the model structure deformation at this moment;

[0037] According to the characteristic points of the fault activity, select the profile image of the model at the corresponding time, carry out structural interpretation, determine the deformation pattern of the extrusion structure, number it according to the fault development time sequence, and adjust the length of the model profile image to be the same as the length of the model instantaneous velocity profile;

[0038] Adjust the instantaneous velocity profile and the structural interpretation profile of the experimental model so that their two ends are aligned, then the projection of the intersection point of the fault trace line and the model terrain line on the structural interpretation profile image on the velocity profile indicates the fault activity of the corresponding fault at this moment;

[0039] Judge the corresponding fault activity characteristics according to the fault points on the instantaneous velocity profile of the experimental model, and identify the location of the fault and the different extrusion deformation stages in the adjacent area: compaction stage, germination stage, strong activity stage and healing stage.

[0040] As a specific implementation manner of the embodiments of the present disclosure, locating the shortening amount corresponding to the development and activity time of each fault includes:

[0041] According to the activity stages of each fault during the development process of the experimental model structure deformation, select the corresponding instantaneous velocity field and the instantaneous horizontal line strain field cloud atlas;

[0042] According to the instantaneous velocity field and instantaneous horizontal strain field atlas, adjust the display color scale of the motion field image, and pick up the source file of the instantaneous velocity field that reflects the velocity field characteristics and horizontal strain field characteristics at different activity stages of the fault. The corresponding deformation moment is the characteristic point of the fault activity.

[0043] As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, according to the characteristic points of the fault activity, extracting the position coordinate information and instantaneous velocity information in the source file of the instantaneous velocity field at the corresponding moment includes:

[0044] Determine the instantaneous velocity field information of the central section of the model along the extrusion direction to eliminate the boundary effect;

[0045] Combine the shortening amount and calculation mask corresponding to the deformation moment of the fault activity stage, and cut off the original data outside the model, so that the data distribution range of the instantaneous velocity field is consistent with the size of the experimental model at this moment.

[0046] As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present disclosure, according to the position coordinate information and instantaneous velocity information corresponding to the characteristic points of the fault activity during the deformation process of the model, drawing the instantaneous velocity profile of the model structure deformation at this moment includes:

[0047] According to the tectonic evolution stage, draw the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to the deformation moments of each fault activity characteristic point in sequence;

[0048] According to the initial length and extrusion deformation speed of the experimental model, draw an orthogonal coordinate system, with the abscissa being the spatial position and the ordinate being the horizontal displacement speed;

[0049] Project the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to each characteristic point onto the orthogonal coordinate system in different colors in sequence, so that the end of the instantaneous velocity profile falls on the corresponding distal boundary point of the model on the abscissa;

[0050] According to the change trend of the projection of the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to each characteristic point on the coordinate system, judge the development and activity of the same fault and the deformation and expansion of the entire extrusion tectonic belt as the shortening amount increases.

[0051] In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present disclosure also provides an electronic device, which includes:

[0052] A memory storing executable instructions;

[0053] A processor that runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the analysis method for the fault activity and deformation expansion characteristics.

[0054] In a third aspect, embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which when executed by a processor implements the method for analyzing fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics described above.

[0055] Its beneficial effects are as follows:

[0056] By comprehensively comparing the images of the physical simulation experiment process of compressive deformation structures with the instantaneous velocity field and strain field characteristics, the present invention preliminarily determines the evolution trend of the homogeneous layered formation structure and the characteristic points of fault activity under the compressive background, selects the instantaneous velocity source file at the corresponding moment, draws the instantaneous velocity profile, and combines the real-time monitoring images of the experiment to accurately identify the fault activity and the trend of tectonic deformation propagation. Based on the velocity profile of the instantaneous velocity field source data, the kinematic data of the model deformation process is fully utilized, taking into account the overall expression of the global deformation characteristics of the model and the detailed description of the activities of the local tectonic zones, laying a foundation for the subsequent analysis of the deformation propagation of the thrust belt.

[0057] The methods and apparatuses of the present invention have other characteristics and advantages, which will be apparent from or will be described in detail in the accompanying drawings and subsequent detailed embodiments incorporated herein. The accompanying drawings and the detailed embodiments together are used to explain the specific principles of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0058] By describing the exemplary embodiments of the present invention in more detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent. In the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the same reference numerals generally represent the same components.

[0059] Figure 1 FIG. shows a flowchart of the steps of a method for analyzing fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0060] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein.

[0061] To facilitate the understanding of the solutions and effects of the embodiments of the present invention, six specific application examples are given below. Those skilled in the art should understand that this example is only for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and any specific details are not intended to limit the present invention in any way.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] Figure 1The flowchart shows the steps of an analysis method for fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0064] As Figure 1 shown, the analysis method for fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics includes: Step 101, constructing a physical simulation experiment model and conducting a physical simulation experiment on compressive tectonic deformation; Step 102, collecting images of the experimental process within the tectonic deformation domain for the top surface and side surface of the experimental model, and then performing preprocessing of the original data; Step 103, analyzing the tectonic deformation evolution process based on the preprocessed experimental process images and calculating the instantaneous velocity field; Step 104, drawing an instantaneous velocity profile according to the tectonic interpretation scheme during the experimental process and the instantaneous velocity field, and analyzing the fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics.

[0065] In one example, constructing a physical simulation experiment model and conducting a physical simulation experiment on compressive tectonic deformation includes:

[0066] Scaling down the actual geological model proportionally to a physical simulation experiment model based on the similarity principle;

[0067] Based on the Coulomb failure criterion and the Newtonian fluid rheological equation, using dry quartz sand grains and silica gel to simulate brittle fractured rock layers and plastic rheological rock layers respectively, and laying the physical model in layers within the experimental sand box;

[0068] The brittle deformation layer is laid with interbedded layers of the same dry quartz grain material of different colors, and the topmost deformation layer is a white quartz sand layer;

[0069] A layer of colored quartz sand is laid above the white quartz sand layer at the top of the experimental model.

[0070] In one example, collecting images of the real-time deformation process within the tectonic deformation domain for the top surface and side surface of the experimental model, and then performing preprocessing of the original data includes:

[0071] Placing standard scales at the edges of the top surface and side surface of the experimental model respectively, and fixing digital cameras directly above the top surface and in front of the profile respectively;

[0072] Setting the working mode of the digital camera to the continuous shooting mode, and setting the shooting time interval and shooting duration;

[0073] Setting the experimental control parameters, starting the experiment, and at the same time turning on the digital camera to monitor the real-time process of the model deformation, and collecting images of the real-time deformation process within the tectonic deformation domain;

[0074] Processing the top surface photos and side surface photos of the experimental process respectively, and dividing the top surface photo sequence into continuous deformation image subsequences according to an equal-spacing shortening amount.

[0075] In one example, based on the preprocessed experimental process images, the construction deformation evolution process is analyzed, and calculating the instantaneous velocity field includes:

[0076] Based on the preprocessed experimental process images, structural interpretations are respectively carried out on the model profile images and the top surface images to obtain the structural interpretation scheme of the model deformation process;

[0077] Determine the fault development positions, edit the fault numbers, and determine the deformation development process and the spatio-temporal expansion sequence;

[0078] Calculate each subsequence of the top surface image of the experimental model to obtain the source file of the instantaneous velocity field corresponding to each evolution stage of the experimental process image.

[0079] In one example, according to the experimental process structural interpretation scheme and the instantaneous velocity field, draw the instantaneous velocity profile and analyze the fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics, including:

[0080] Determine the subsequences of the top surface images of the model corresponding to different activity stages of each fault, and obtain the cloud atlas of the instantaneous velocity field and the cloud atlas of the instantaneous horizontal line strain field at the corresponding deformation evolution stage;

[0081] According to the cloud atlas of the instantaneous velocity field and the cloud atlas of the instantaneous horizontal line strain field at the top surface deformation evolution stage, locate the shortening amount corresponding to the development and activity moments of each fault, which is the characteristic point of fault activity;

[0082] According to the characteristic points of fault activity, extract the position coordinate information and the instantaneous velocity information in the source file of the instantaneous velocity field at the corresponding moment;

[0083] According to the position coordinate information and the instantaneous velocity information corresponding to the characteristic points of fault activity in the model deformation process, draw the instantaneous velocity profile of the model structure deformation at this moment;

[0084] According to the characteristic points of fault activity, select the profile image of the model at the corresponding moment, carry out structural interpretation, determine the deformation pattern of the compressive structure, number it according to the fault development time sequence, and adjust the length of the model profile image to make it consistent with the length of the model instantaneous velocity profile;

[0085] Adjust the instantaneous velocity profile and the structural interpretation profile of the experimental model so that their two ends are aligned. Then, the projection of the intersection point of the fault trace line and the model topographic line on the structural interpretation profile image on the velocity profile indicates the fault activity of the corresponding fault at this moment;

[0086] Judge the corresponding fault activity characteristics according to the fault points on the instantaneous velocity profile of the experimental model, and identify the positions of the faults and the different compressive deformation stages in the adjacent areas: the compaction stage, the germination stage, the strong activity stage, and the healing stage.

[0087] In one example, locating the shortening amounts corresponding to the development and activity moments of each fault includes:

[0088] According to the activity stages of each fault during the development process of the experimental model structure deformation, select the corresponding instantaneous velocity field and instantaneous horizontal line strain field atlas;

[0089] According to the instantaneous velocity field and instantaneous horizontal line strain field atlas, adjust the display color scale of the motion field image, and pick up the source file of the instantaneous velocity field that reflects the characteristics of the velocity field and horizontal line strain field at different activity stages of the fault. The corresponding deformation moment is the characteristic point of the fault activity.

[0090] In one example, according to the characteristic points of the fault activity, extracting the position coordinate information and instantaneous velocity information in the source file of the instantaneous velocity field at the corresponding moment includes:

[0091] Determine the instantaneous velocity field information of the central profile of the model along the extrusion direction to eliminate the boundary effect;

[0092] Combined with the shortening amount and calculation mask corresponding to the deformation moment of the fault activity stage, cut off the original data outside the model to make the data distribution range of the instantaneous velocity field consistent with the size of the experimental model at this moment.

[0093] In one example, according to the position coordinate information and instantaneous velocity information corresponding to the characteristic points of the fault activity during the model deformation process, drawing the instantaneous velocity profile of the model structure deformation at this moment includes:

[0094] According to the tectonic evolution stage, draw the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to the deformation moments of the characteristic points of each fault activity in sequence;

[0095] According to the initial length of the experimental model and the extrusion deformation speed, draw an orthogonal coordinate system, with the abscissa being the spatial position and the ordinate being the horizontal displacement speed;

[0096] Project the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to each characteristic point onto the orthogonal coordinate system in different colors in sequence, so that the end of the instantaneous velocity profile falls on the corresponding far-end boundary point of the model on the abscissa;

[0097] According to the change trend of the projection of the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to each characteristic point on the coordinate system, judge the development and activity conditions of the same fault and the deformation and expansion conditions of the entire extrusion tectonic belt as the shortening amount increases.

[0098] Specifically, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) generates vector maps, contour maps of the displacement field, velocity field, and derived strain field of imaging particles within the deformation domain of interest through the analysis and processing of a large number of real-time monitoring photos during the dynamic experiment process. It can visually describe the expansion and concentration of strain, as well as the formation and development of deformation during the tectonic deformation process, thereby providing an intuitive quantitative basis for the accurate analysis of the kinematic process and dynamic mechanism of tectonic evolution. However, based on the vector maps and contour maps of the physical parameters characterizing the deformation movement process obtained from the processed data, affected by the setting of the color scale value range of the displayed image, it is difficult to take into account both the overall distribution of the global motion state and the changes in the local motion state. As a result, a large amount of data obtained from the motion process analysis cannot be fully utilized, and the kinematic information of the tectonic process submerged therein is difficult to be fully mined, affecting the accurate characterization of the deformation process and limiting the accurate analysis of the formation, development, and expansion of tectonic deformation. Directly carrying out the analysis of the PIV source data during the extrusion deformation experiment process is conducive to analyzing the overall dynamic development trend and local detailed deformation characteristics of the deformation process, thereby improving the accuracy of the identification of the activity of reverse faults and the analysis of deformation expansion during the tectonic deformation process.

[0099] Using a tectonic physical simulation experimental model, an extrusion tectonic deformation physical simulation experiment is carried out, specifically including:

[0100] Based on the similarity principle, the actual geological model is scaled down proportionally to a laboratory physical model; based on the Coulomb failure criterion and the Newtonian fluid rheology equation, dry quartz sand grains and silica gel are selected to simulate brittle fractured rock layers and plastic rheological rock layers respectively, and the physical model is laid in layers in the experimental sand box; based on the requirement that the tectonic deformation pattern can be clearly displayed in the model section, different colors of the same dry quartz particle materials are used to lay the brittle deformation layer in an interlayer manner, and the topmost deformation layer is a white quartz sand layer; based on the requirement that the developed fault trace can be clearly identified on the top surface of the model, a very thin layer of colored quartz sand is laid on top of the white quartz sand layer on the top of the model, just enough to slightly cover the underlying white quartz sand layer.

[0101] Based on the experimental model, real-time deformation process image acquisition within the tectonic deformation domain is carried out for its top surface and side surfaces, and after the completion, the preparation of the original data for post-processing analysis is carried out, specifically including:

[0102] Place standard scales on the top surface and side edges of the model respectively to facilitate the correction of the geometric dimensions of the images collected later. Fix digital cameras directly above the top surface of the model and in front of the profile respectively, and ensure that the monitored deformation area is completely distributed within the viewfinder. Adjust the focal length so that the quartz sand particles can be clearly identified. Set the working mode of the digital camera to the continuous shooting mode. The shooting interval and the duration of shooting refer to the extrusion rate and the shortening amount of the model. It is preferred that the interval between two consecutive shots corresponds to a 1-mm shortening amount of the model. According to the experimental scheme, set the control parameters of the experimental operation system, start the experiment, and at the same time turn on the digital camera to monitor the real-time process of the model deformation experiment until the experiment ends. Based on the Photoshop image processing software, batch process the top surface photos and side photos during the experiment, crop the information unrelated to the background, correct the lens distortion, adjust the image position, and consecutively name the processed pictures in sequence in the format of "model name (English)-photo sequence (number)". For the deformation process of the experimental model, divide the photo sequence of the top surface of the model into continuous deformation image subsequences at equal interval shortening amounts. It is preferred that the division interval is 1 cm, and use the CorelDRAW drawing software to draw calculation masks for the images of each subsequence, preferably the images at the middle position of each subsequence.

[0103] Based on the images collected during the experiment, conduct a preliminary analysis of the tectonic deformation evolution process and calculate and process the instantaneous velocity field, specifically including:

[0104] For the deformation process of the experimental model, conduct tectonic interpretations on the profile images and top surface images of the model respectively, obtain the tectonic interpretation scheme for the model deformation process, determine the fault development positions, edit the fault numbers, and initially clarify the deformation development process and the spatio-temporal expansion sequence. Refer to the calculation masks of each subsequence of the top surface image of the model, and use the MicroVec processing software to conduct calculation and analysis on each subsequence of the top surface image of the experimental model to obtain the source files of the instantaneous velocity field for each evolution stage corresponding to each subsequence of the images during the experiment.

[0105] Integrate the preliminary tectonic interpretation scheme and the velocity field evolution characteristics during the experiment, draw the instantaneous velocity profile, and analyze the fault activity and deformation expansion characteristics, specifically including:

[0106] Construct a preliminary analysis result of the deformation and evolution stage according to the experimental process, and determine the subsequence of the model top surface images corresponding to different activity stages of each fault; according to the subsequence of the model top surface images corresponding to different activity stages of the fault, use TecPlot software to process and analyze the corresponding instantaneous velocity field source file to obtain the instantaneous velocity field cloud atlas and the instantaneous horizontal line strain field cloud atlas of the corresponding deformation and evolution stage; according to the instantaneous velocity field and the instantaneous horizontal line strain field cloud atlas of the model top surface deformation and evolution stage, accurately locate the shortening amount corresponding to the development and strong activity moments of each fault, that is, the fault activity characteristic point; according to the fault activity characteristic points in the model deformation process, extract the position coordinate information and the instantaneous velocity information in the instantaneous velocity field source file at the corresponding moment; according to the position coordinate information and the instantaneous velocity information corresponding to the fault activity characteristic points in the model deformation process, draw the instantaneous velocity profile of the model structure deformation at that moment, and analyze the characteristics of the structure deformation expansion during the extrusion process; according to the fault activity characteristic points in the model deformation process, select the profile image of the model at the corresponding moment, carry out fine structure interpretation, determine the deformation pattern of the extrusion structure, number it according to the fault development time sequence, and adjust the length of the model profile image to be consistent with the length of the model instantaneous velocity profile; adjust the model instantaneous velocity profile and the structure interpretation profile so that their two ends are aligned, then the projection of the intersection of the fault trace line and the model topographic line on the structure interpretation profile image on the velocity profile indicates the fault activity of the corresponding fault at that moment; judge the activity characteristics of the corresponding fault according to the fault points on the model instantaneous velocity profile, and identify the location of the fault and the different extrusion deformation stages in the adjacent area: the compaction stage, the germination stage, the strong activity stage and the healing stage.

[0107] Among them, accurately locating the shortening amount corresponding to the development and strong activity moments of each fault, that is, the fault activity characteristic point, specifically includes:

[0108] According to the different activity stages of each fault in the model structure deformation development process, select the corresponding instantaneous velocity field and the instantaneous horizontal line strain field cloud atlas; according to the instantaneous velocity field and the instantaneous horizontal line strain field cloud atlas corresponding to different activity stages of the fault, adjust the display color scale of the motion field image, and pick up the instantaneous velocity field source file that can best reflect the velocity field characteristics and the horizontal line strain field characteristics of different activity stages of the fault. The corresponding deformation moment is the fault activity characteristic point in the model deformation process.

[0109] Among them, extracting the position coordinate information and the instantaneous velocity information in the instantaneous velocity field source file at the corresponding moment, specifically includes:

[0110] Along the extrusion direction, optimize the instantaneous velocity field information of the model central profile to eliminate the boundary effect; combine the shortening amount of the deformation moment corresponding to the fault activity stage and the calculation mask selected in the processing process, and cut off the original data outside the model to make the distribution range of the selected instantaneous velocity field data consistent with the model size at that moment.

[0111] Among them, the instantaneous velocity profile of the model structure deformation at this moment is drawn to analyze the characteristics of the structural deformation expansion during the extrusion process, specifically including:

[0112] According to the structural evolution stages divided by the model, the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to the deformation moments of the characteristic points of each fault activity are drawn in sequence; according to the initial length of the model and the extrusion deformation velocity set in the simulation experiment, an orthogonal coordinate system is drawn, with the abscissa being the spatial position and the ordinate being the horizontal displacement velocity; according to the orthogonal coordinate system, the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to each characteristic point are projected onto the coordinate system in different colors in sequence, so that the end of the instantaneous velocity profile falls on the corresponding distal boundary point of the model on the abscissa; according to the changing trend of the projection of the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to each characteristic point on the coordinate system, it is possible to judge the development and activity of the same fault and the deformation expansion of the entire extrusion tectonic belt with the increase of the shortening amount.

[0113] Example 2

[0114] The present invention also provides an electronic device, which includes: a memory storing executable instructions; a processor that runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above analysis method for fault activity and deformation expansion characteristics.

[0115] Example 3

[0116] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the above analysis method for fault activity and deformation expansion characteristics.

[0117] Example 4

[0118] Using a tectonic physical simulation experimental model, a physical simulation experiment of extrusion tectonic deformation is carried out, specifically including:

[0119] Based on the similarity principle, the actual geological model is scaled down proportionally to a laboratory physical model; based on the Coulomb failure criterion and the Newtonian fluid rheological equation, dry quartz sand grains and silica gel are selected to simulate brittle fractured rock layers and plastic rheological rock layers respectively, and the physical model is laid in layers in the experimental sand box; based on the requirement that the tectonic deformation pattern can be clearly displayed in the model section, different colors of the same dry quartz grain material are laid in interlayers for the brittle deformation layer, and the topmost deformation layer is a white quartz sand layer; based on the requirement that the developed fault traces can be clearly identified on the top surface of the model, a very thin layer of colored quartz sand is laid on top of the white quartz sand layer on the top of the model, just enough to slightly cover the underlying white quartz sand layer.

[0120] Based on the experimental model, real-time deformation process image acquisition is carried out for its top surface and side surfaces, and after the acquisition is completed, the preparation of the original data for post-processing analysis is completed, specifically including:

[0121] Place standard scales on the top surface and the edge of the side surface of the model respectively to facilitate the correction of the geometric dimensions of the images collected later. Fix digital cameras directly above the top surface of the model and in front of the profile respectively, and ensure that the monitored deformation area is completely distributed within the viewfinder. Adjust the focal length so that the quartz sand particles can be clearly identified. Set the working mode of the digital camera to the continuous shooting mode. The shooting interval and the shooting duration refer to the extrusion rate and the shortening amount of the model. It is preferred that the interval between two consecutive shootings corresponds to a 1-mm shortening amount of the model. According to the experimental scheme, set the control parameters of the experimental operating system, start the experiment, and at the same time turn on the digital camera to monitor the real-time process of the model deformation experiment until the experiment ends. Based on the Photoshop image processing software, batch process the top surface photos and side photos during the experiment, crop the irrelevant background information, correct the lens distortion, adjust the image position, and consecutively name the processed pictures in sequence in the format of "model name (English)-photo sequence (number)". For the deformation process of the experimental model, divide the photo sequence of the top surface of the model into continuous deformed image subsequences at equal intervals of shortening amount. It is preferred that the division interval is 1 cm, and use the CorelDRAW drawing software to draw calculation masks for the images of each subsequence. It is preferred to use the image at the middle position of each subsequence.

[0122] Based on the images collected during the experiment, conduct a preliminary analysis of the structural deformation evolution process and calculate and process the instantaneous velocity field, specifically including:

[0123] For the deformation process of the experimental model, conduct structural interpretations on the profile images and top surface images of the model respectively, obtain the structural interpretation scheme for the model deformation process, determine the fault development positions, edit the fault numbers, and initially clarify the deformation development process and the spatio-temporal expansion sequence. Refer to the calculation masks of each subsequence of the top surface image of the model, and use the MicroVec processing software to conduct calculation and analysis on each subsequence of the top surface image of the experimental model to obtain the source files of the instantaneous velocity field corresponding to each evolution stage of the images during the experiment.

[0124] Based on the preliminary structural interpretation scheme and the velocity field evolution characteristics during the experiment, draw the instantaneous velocity profile and analyze the fault activity and deformation expansion characteristics, specifically including:

[0125] Construct a preliminary analysis result of the deformation evolution stage according to the experimental process, and determine the subsequence of the model top surface images corresponding to different activity stages of each fault; according to the subsequence of the model top surface images corresponding to different activity stages of the fault, use TecPlot software to process and analyze the corresponding instantaneous velocity field source file to obtain the instantaneous velocity field cloud atlas and the instantaneous horizontal line strain field cloud atlas of the corresponding deformation evolution stage; according to the instantaneous velocity field and the instantaneous horizontal line strain field cloud atlas of the model top surface deformation evolution stage, accurately locate the shortening amount corresponding to the development and strong activity moments of each fault, that is, the fault activity characteristic point; according to the fault activity characteristic points in the model deformation process, extract the position coordinate information and the instantaneous velocity information in the instantaneous velocity field source file at the corresponding moment; according to the position coordinate information and the instantaneous velocity information corresponding to the fault activity characteristic points in the model deformation process, draw the instantaneous velocity profile of the model structure deformation at that moment, and analyze the expansion characteristics of the structure deformation during the extrusion process; according to the fault activity characteristic points in the model deformation process, select the profile image of the model at the corresponding moment, carry out fine structure interpretation, determine the deformation pattern of the extrusion structure, number it according to the fault development time sequence, and adjust the length of the model profile image to make it consistent with the length of the model instantaneous velocity profile; adjust the model instantaneous velocity profile and the structure interpretation profile to align their two ends, then the projection of the intersection of the fault trace line and the model topographic line on the structure interpretation profile image on the velocity profile indicates the fault activity of the corresponding fault at that moment; judge the activity characteristics of the corresponding fault according to the fault points on the model instantaneous velocity profile, and identify the location of the fault and the different extrusion deformation stages in the adjacent area: compaction stage, germination stage, strong activity stage and healing stage.

[0126] Among them, accurately locating the shortening amount corresponding to the development and strong activity moments of each fault, that is, the fault activity characteristic point, specifically includes:

[0127] According to the different activity stages of each fault during the development process of the model structure deformation, select the corresponding instantaneous velocity field and the instantaneous horizontal line strain field cloud atlas; according to the instantaneous velocity field and the instantaneous horizontal line strain field cloud atlas corresponding to different activity stages of the fault, adjust the display color scale of the motion field image, and pick up the instantaneous velocity field source file that can best reflect the velocity field characteristics and the horizontal line strain field characteristics of different activity stages of the fault. The corresponding deformation moment is the fault activity characteristic point in the model deformation process.

[0128] Among them, extracting the position coordinate information and the instantaneous velocity information in the instantaneous velocity field source file at the corresponding moment specifically includes:

[0129] Along the extrusion direction, optimize the instantaneous velocity field information of the model central profile to eliminate the boundary effect; combine the shortening amount of the deformation moment corresponding to the fault activity stage and the calculation mask selected during the processing process, and cut off the original data outside the model to make the distribution range of the selected instantaneous velocity field data consistent with the model size at that moment.

[0130] Among them, the instantaneous velocity profile of the model structure deformation at this moment is drawn to analyze the characteristics of the structure deformation expansion during the extrusion process, specifically including:

[0131] According to the structural evolution stages divided by the model, the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to the deformation moments of the characteristic points of each fault activity are drawn in sequence; according to the initial length of the model and the extrusion deformation velocity set in the simulation experiment, an orthogonal coordinate system is drawn, with the abscissa being the spatial position and the ordinate being the horizontal displacement velocity; according to the orthogonal coordinate system, the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to each characteristic point are projected onto the coordinate system in different colors in sequence, so that the end of the instantaneous velocity profile falls on the corresponding model distal boundary point on the abscissa; according to the change trend of the projection of the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to each characteristic point on the coordinate system, it is possible to judge the development and activity of the same fault and the deformation expansion of the entire extrusion tectonic belt as the shortening amount increases.

[0132] Example 5

[0133] This embodiment provides an electronic device, which includes: a memory storing executable instructions; a processor that runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the above analysis method for fault activity and deformation expansion characteristics.

[0134] The electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a processor.

[0135] The memory is used to store non-temporary computer-readable instructions. Specifically, the memory may include one or more computer program products, and the computer program products may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM) and / or cache memory, etc. The non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, flash memory, etc.

[0136] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other forms of processing units with data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the processor is used to run the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory.

[0137] Those skilled in the art should understand that in order to solve the technical problem of how to obtain a good user experience effect, this embodiment may also include well-known structures such as communication buses and interfaces, and these well-known structures should also be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0138] For the detailed description of this embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding descriptions in the foregoing embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.

[0139] Example 6

[0140] This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the analysis method of the fault activity and deformation expansion characteristics described above.

[0141] According to the computer-readable storage medium of an embodiment of the present disclosure, non-temporary computer-readable instructions are stored thereon. When the non-temporary computer-readable instructions are run by a processor, all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of the present disclosure described above are executed.

[0142] The above computer-readable storage medium includes but is not limited to: optical storage media (such as CD-ROMs and DVDs), magneto-optical storage media (such as MOs), magnetic storage media (such as magnetic tapes or external hard drives), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memories (such as memory cards), and media with built-in ROMs (such as ROM cartridges).

[0143] Those skilled in the art should understand that the purpose of the above description of the embodiments of the present invention is only to exemplarily illustrate the beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention to any example given.

[0144] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. The above description is exemplary and not exhaustive, and is also not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations are obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for analyzing fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics, characterized in that, it includes: A tectonic physical simulation experiment model to conduct a physical simulation experiment of compressive tectonic deformation; For the top surface and side surface of the experimental model, collect images of the experimental process within the tectonic deformation domain, and then perform preprocessing of the original data; Based on the preprocessed experimental process images, analyze the tectonic deformation evolution process and calculate the instantaneous velocity field; According to the tectonic interpretation scheme and instantaneous velocity field of the experimental process, draw an instantaneous velocity profile and analyze the fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics.

2. The method for analyzing fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein, The tectonic physical simulation experiment model to conduct a physical simulation experiment of compressive tectonic deformation includes: Based on the similarity principle, scale down the actual geological model proportionally to a physical simulation experiment model; Based on the Coulomb failure criterion and the Newtonian fluid rheological equation, use dry quartz sand particles and silica gel to simulate brittle fractured rock layers and plastic rheological rock layers respectively, and lay the physical model in layers in the experimental sand box; The brittle deformation layer is laid with interbedded layers of the same dry quartz particle material of different colors, and the topmost deformation layer is a white quartz sand layer; A layer of colored quartz sand is laid on top of the white quartz sand layer at the top of the experimental model.

3. The method for analyzing fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein, For the top surface and side surface of the experimental model, collecting images of the real-time deformation process within the tectonic deformation domain and then performing preprocessing of the original data includes: Place standard scales at the edges of the top surface and side surface of the experimental model respectively, and fix digital cameras directly above the top surface and in front of the profile respectively; Set the working mode of the digital camera to the continuous shooting mode, and set the shooting time interval and shooting duration; Set the experimental control parameters, start the experiment, and at the same time turn on the digital camera to monitor the real-time process of the model deformation experiment, and collect images of the real-time deformation process within the tectonic deformation domain; Process the top surface photos and side surface photos of the experimental process respectively, and divide the top surface photo sequence into continuous deformation image subsequences according to an equal-spacing shortening amount.

4. The method for analyzing fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics according to claim 3, wherein, Based on the preprocessed experimental process images, analyzing the tectonic deformation evolution process and calculating the instantaneous velocity field includes: Based on the preprocessed experimental process images, conduct tectonic interpretation on the model profile image and top surface image respectively to obtain the tectonic interpretation scheme of the model deformation process; Determine the fault development position, edit the fault serial number, and determine the deformation development process and spatio-temporal expansion sequence; Calculate each subsequence of the top surface image of the experimental model to obtain the source file of the instantaneous velocity field corresponding to each evolution stage of the experimental process image subsequence.

5. The method for analyzing fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics according to claim 1, wherein, According to the tectonic interpretation scheme and instantaneous velocity field of the experimental process, drawing an instantaneous velocity profile and analyzing the fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics includes: Determine the subsequences of the top surface image of the model corresponding to different activity stages of each fault, and obtain the instantaneous velocity field cloud atlas and instantaneous horizontal line strain field cloud atlas of the corresponding deformation evolution stage; According to the instantaneous velocity field and instantaneous horizontal line strain field atlas in the top surface deformation evolution stage, locate the shortening amount corresponding to the development and activity time of each fault, which is the characteristic point of fault activity; According to the characteristic points of fault activity, extract the position coordinate information and instantaneous velocity information in the source file of the instantaneous velocity field at the corresponding time; According to the position coordinate information and instantaneous velocity information corresponding to the characteristic points of fault activity in the model deformation process, draw the instantaneous velocity profile of the model structural deformation at this time; According to the characteristic points of fault activity, select the profile image of the model at the corresponding time, carry out structural interpretation, determine the deformation pattern of the compressive structure, number it according to the fault development sequence, and adjust the length of the model profile image to make it consistent with the length of the model instantaneous velocity profile; Adjust the instantaneous velocity profile and the structural interpretation profile of the experimental model so that their two ends are aligned. Then, the projection of the intersection point of the fault trace line and the model topographic line on the structural interpretation profile image on the velocity profile indicates the fault activity of the corresponding fault at this time; Judge the corresponding fault activity characteristics according to the fault points on the instantaneous velocity profile of the experimental model, and identify the location of the fault and the different compressive deformation stages in the adjacent area: compaction stage, germination stage, strong activity stage and healing stage.

6. The analysis method for fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics according to claim 5, wherein, Locating the shortening amount corresponding to the development and activity time of each fault includes: According to the activity stages of each fault in the development process of the structural deformation of the experimental model, select the corresponding instantaneous velocity field and instantaneous horizontal line strain field atlas; According to the instantaneous velocity field and instantaneous horizontal line strain field atlas, adjust the display color scale of the motion field image, and pick up the source file of the instantaneous velocity field that reflects the velocity field characteristics and horizontal line strain field characteristics in different activity stages of the fault. The corresponding deformation time is the characteristic point of the fault activity.

7. The analysis method for fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics according to claim 5, wherein, Extracting the position coordinate information and instantaneous velocity information in the source file of the instantaneous velocity field at the corresponding time according to the characteristic points of fault activity includes: Determine the instantaneous velocity field information of the central profile of the model along the extrusion direction to eliminate the boundary effect; Combined with the shortening amount and calculation mask corresponding to the deformation time in the fault activity stage, cut off the original data outside the model to make the data distribution range of the instantaneous velocity field consistent with the size of the experimental model at this time.

8. The analysis method for fault activity and deformation propagation characteristics according to claim 5, wherein, Drawing the instantaneous velocity profile of the model structural deformation at this time according to the position coordinate information and instantaneous velocity information corresponding to the characteristic points of fault activity in the model deformation process includes: According to the structural evolution stage, draw the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to the deformation times of the characteristic points of each fault activity in turn; According to the initial length and extrusion deformation speed of the experimental model, draw an orthogonal coordinate system, with the abscissa being the spatial position and the ordinate being the horizontal displacement speed; Project the instantaneous velocity profiles corresponding to each characteristic point onto the orthogonal coordinate system in different colors in turn, so that the end of the instantaneous velocity profile falls on the corresponding distal boundary point of the model on the abscissa; Based on the variation trend of the projection of the instantaneous velocity profile corresponding to each characteristic point on the coordinate system, judge the development and activity of the same fault and the deformation and extension of the entire compressive tectonic belt as the shortening amount increases.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, the electronic device includes: a memory storing executable instructions; a processor that runs the executable instructions in the memory to implement the method for analyzing the fault activity and deformation extension characteristics described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the method for analyzing the fault activity and deformation extension characteristics described in any one of claims 1-8.

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