Downhole optical fiber data transmission system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of well logging, in particular to an underground optical fiber data transmission system and method.The underground part comprises an underground power supply device, a measuring instrument, an underground data conversion device and an optical fiber storage device, and the underground power supply device, the measuring instrument, the underground data conversion device and the optical fiber storage device are sequentially arranged underground and connected in sequence; the ground part comprises a floating device, a ground power supply device and terminal equipment, the floating device is located at a wellhead position corresponding to the drilling tool, the optical fiber storage device is connected with the floating device through an optical fiber located in the drilling tool, and the ground power supply device and the terminal equipment are both connected with the floating device. According to the system, data transmission between the underground and the ground is achieved through optical fibers, the system transmission rate is higher, the bit error rate is lower, the drilling period and cost are reduced, the weight is light, falling is not prone to occurring, further, compared with cable transmission, optical fiber transmission does not need other auxiliary equipment, and therefore the occupied area is small, and the system is suitable for an operation site.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of logging, and is an underground optical fiber data transmission system and method. Background Art

[0002] In the field of oil and gas drilling in the petroleum industry, under some special working conditions, it is necessary to transmit underground data to the ground. For example, during logging, it is necessary to transmit data such as acoustic waves, well inclination, well diameter, and natural gamma to the ground to determine the cementing quality or formation lithology; during the drilling process of directional wells and horizontal wells, the measurement-while-drilling instrument needs to transmit parameters such as well inclination, azimuth, tool face, and battery voltage to the ground to determine the construction experience trajectory; when the magnetic positioning instrument is under construction, it is necessary to transmit data such as magnetic field / acceleration to the ground.

[0003] Currently, the commonly used underground data transmission methods mostly use mud pulse, cable, etc. Among them, the mud pulse method has a low transmission speed and a high error rate; when using cable transmission, the cable needs to be lowered into the well together with the measuring equipment, which takes a long time. At the same time, the ground requires a special winch for winding and unwinding the cable and other auxiliary equipment, which occupies a large amount of ground space and is not conducive to implementation in a narrow well site. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an underground optical fiber data transmission system and method, which overcomes the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art and can effectively solve the problems of low transmission speed and high error rate existing in the existing underground measurement data transmission using methods such as mud pulse and cable.

[0005] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is achieved by the following measures: An underground optical fiber data transmission system includes an underground part and a ground part, and the underground part is connected to the ground part through a drill string; The underground part includes an underground power supply device, a measuring instrument, an underground data conversion device, and an optical fiber storage device. The underground power supply device, the measuring instrument, the underground data conversion device, and the optical fiber storage device are arranged underground in sequence and connected in sequence. The optical fiber storage device is installed together with one end of the drill string. The ground part includes a floating device, a ground power supply device, and a terminal device. The floating device is located at the wellhead position corresponding to the drill string. The optical fiber storage device is connected to the floating device through an optical fiber located inside the drill string. The ground power supply device and the terminal device are both connected to the floating device.

[0006] The following is a further optimization and / or improvement of the above-mentioned invention technical solution: The above-mentioned downhole data conversion device includes a conversion outer cylinder, a data interface, an optical fiber lower interface, a power management circuit board, a data acquisition circuit board, and an optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The data interface, the optical fiber lower interface, the power management circuit board, the data acquisition circuit board, and the optoelectronic conversion circuit board are all arranged inside the conversion outer cylinder. Threads are provided on the outer sides of the upper and lower parts of the conversion outer cylinder. The upper part of the conversion outer cylinder is installed with the measuring instrument through the thread, and the upper part of the conversion outer cylinder is installed with the optical fiber storage device through the thread. The data interface is connected to the measuring instrument and the data acquisition circuit board. The data acquisition circuit board is connected to the optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The optoelectronic conversion circuit board is connected to the optical fiber lower interface. The optical fiber lower interface is connected to the optical fiber storage device. The power management circuit board is respectively connected to the downhole power supply device, the data acquisition circuit board, and the optoelectronic conversion circuit board.

[0007] The above-mentioned optical fiber storage device includes a storage outer cylinder, an optical fiber storage roller, and an optical fiber. Threads are provided on the outer sides of the upper and lower parts of the storage outer cylinder. The lower part of the storage outer cylinder is installed with the downhole data conversion device through the thread, and the upper part of the storage outer cylinder is installed with the drill tool through the thread. The optical fiber storage roller is located inside the storage outer cylinder, and the optical fiber is wound around the optical fiber storage roller. The two ends of the optical fiber are respectively connected to the optical fiber lower interface and the floating device.

[0008] The above-mentioned downhole power supply device includes a downhole power supply outer cylinder, a battery pack, and a power interface. The battery pack is located inside the downhole power supply outer cylinder. The battery pack is connected to the power interface, and the power interface is connected to the measuring instrument. Threads are provided on the outer side of the upper part of the downhole power supply outer cylinder, and the upper part of the downhole power supply outer cylinder is installed with the measuring instrument through the thread.

[0009] The above-mentioned floating device includes a floating cavity, an optical fiber upper interface, a top sealing cavity, a ground data conversion unit, and a wireless data sending unit. The top sealing cavity is located at the top of the floating cavity. The ground data conversion unit and the wireless data sending unit are arranged inside the top sealing cavity. The optical fiber upper interface is arranged at the lower end of the top sealing cavity. The ground data conversion unit includes a power management circuit board, a data acquisition circuit board, and an optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The optical fiber storage device is connected to the optical fiber upper interface. The optical fiber upper interface is connected to the optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The optoelectronic conversion circuit board is connected to the data acquisition circuit board. The data acquisition circuit board is connected to the wireless data sending unit. The wireless data sending unit is connected to the terminal device. The power management circuit board is respectively connected to the ground power supply device, the data acquisition circuit board, the optoelectronic conversion circuit board, and the wireless data sending unit.

[0010] The second technical solution of the present invention is achieved by the following measures: A downhole optical fiber data transmission method includes: The measuring instrument obtains downhole measurement data, and after being collected by the downhole data conversion device, the corresponding downhole electrical signal is obtained. Further, the downhole data conversion device performs optoelectronic conversion on it, converting the downhole electrical signal into a downhole optical signal; The fiber optic storage device transmits the downhole optical signal to the floating device arranged at the wellhead position corresponding to the drill tool through the optical fiber. The floating device converts the received downhole optical signal into a downhole electrical signal, obtains the corresponding downhole measurement data after acquisition, and transmits it to the terminal device for analysis.

[0011] The present invention uses optical fiber to realize data transmission between downhole and surface. Based on the characteristics of optical fiber with wide transmission bandwidth, large transmission capacity, low loss, long relay distance, low bit error rate, small volume and light weight, the system disclosed by the present invention has a faster transmission rate and a lower bit error rate, reduces the drilling cycle and cost, and is light in weight and not prone to falling. Further, compared with using cables for transmission, using optical fiber transmission does not require other auxiliary equipment (such as a winch for specifically winding and unwinding cables), so it occupies a small area and is suitable for the operation site. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012] Attached Figure 1 is a schematic installation diagram of the system of the present invention.

[0013] Attached Figure 2 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of the downhole data conversion device in the present invention.

[0014] Attached Figure 3 is a schematic circuit structure diagram of the floating device in the present invention.

[0015] Attached Figure 4 is a schematic flow diagram of the method of the present invention.

[0016] The codes in the drawings are respectively: 1 is the downhole power supply device, 2 is the measuring instrument, 3 is the downhole data conversion device, 4 is the fiber optic storage device, 5 is the drill tool, 6 is the optical fiber, 7 is the floating device, 8 is the surface power supply device, and 9 is the terminal device. Detailed Embodiments

[0017] The present invention is not limited by the following embodiments, and the specific implementation manners can be determined according to the technical solutions of the present invention and the actual situation.

[0018] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the drawings: Embodiment 1: As shown in the attached Figure 1 figure, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a downhole fiber optic data transmission system, including a downhole part and a surface part, and the downhole part is connected to the surface part through the drill tool 5; The downhole part includes a downhole power supply device 1, a measuring instrument 2, a downhole data conversion device 3 and a fiber optic storage device 4. The downhole power supply device 1, the measuring instrument 2, the downhole data conversion device 3 and the fiber optic storage device 4 are arranged downhole in sequence and connected in sequence, and the fiber optic storage device 4 is installed together with one end of the drill tool 5; The ground part includes a floating device 7, a ground power supply device 8, and a terminal device 9. The floating device 7 is located at the wellhead position corresponding to the drill tool 5. The optical fiber storage device 4 is connected to the floating device 7 through an optical fiber 6 located inside the drill tool 5. Both the ground power supply device 8 and the terminal device 9 are connected to the floating device 7.

[0019] The present invention discloses a downhole optical fiber data transmission system, which uses optical fibers to achieve data transmission between the downhole and the surface. Based on the characteristics of optical fiber transmission, such as wide transmission bandwidth, large transmission capacity, low loss, long relay distance, low bit error rate, small volume, and light weight, the system disclosed by the present invention has a faster transmission rate and a lower bit error rate, reduces the drilling cycle and cost, and is light in weight and not prone to falling. Further, compared with using cables for transmission, using optical fiber transmission does not require other auxiliary equipment (such as a winch for specifically winding and unwinding cables), so it occupies a small area and is suitable for the operation site.

[0020] Embodiment 2: An embodiment of the present invention discloses a downhole optical fiber data transmission system, including a downhole part and a ground part. The downhole part is connected to the ground part through a drill tool 5; The downhole part includes a downhole power supply device 1, a measuring instrument 2, a downhole data conversion device 3, and an optical fiber storage device 4. The downhole power supply device 1, the measuring instrument 2, the downhole data conversion device 3, and the optical fiber storage device 4 are sequentially arranged downhole and sequentially connected. The optical fiber storage device 4 is installed together with one end of the drill tool 5; The ground part includes a floating device 7, a ground power supply device 8, and a terminal device 9. The floating device 7 is located at the wellhead position corresponding to the drill tool 5. The optical fiber storage device 4 is connected to the floating device 7 through an optical fiber 6 located inside the drill tool 5. Both the ground power supply device 8 and the terminal device 9 are connected to the floating device 7.

[0021] For the above-mentioned downhole part, its specific structure is as follows: As shown in the appendix Figure 2 The downhole data conversion device 3 includes a conversion outer cylinder, a data interface, an optical fiber lower interface, a power management circuit board, a data acquisition circuit board, and an optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The data interface, the optical fiber lower interface, the power management circuit board, the data acquisition circuit board, and the optoelectronic conversion circuit board are all arranged inside the conversion outer cylinder. Threads are provided on both the upper outer side and the lower outer side of the conversion outer cylinder. The upper part of the conversion outer cylinder is installed together with the measuring instrument 2 through the thread, and the upper part of the conversion outer cylinder is installed together with the optical fiber storage device 4 through the thread. The data interface is connected to the measuring instrument 2, the data interface is connected to the data acquisition circuit board, the data acquisition circuit board is connected to the optoelectronic conversion circuit board, the optoelectronic conversion circuit board is connected to the optical fiber lower interface, the optical fiber lower interface is connected to the optical fiber storage device 4, and the power management circuit board is respectively connected to the downhole power supply device 1, the data acquisition circuit board, and the optoelectronic conversion circuit board.

[0022] The upper part of the above-mentioned conversion outer cylinder is installed with the measuring instrument 2 through threads, and the upper part of the conversion outer cylinder is installed with the optical fiber storage device 4 through threads, and the threads facilitate disassembly and installation.

[0023] The above-mentioned data interface receives the downhole measurement data in the form of downhole electrical signals measured and output by the measuring instrument 2. The data acquisition circuit board can be a known data acquisition chip using multi-channel data transmission to receive downhole electrical signals. The optoelectronic conversion circuit board can be a known optoelectronic conversion chip to convert downhole electrical signals into downhole optical signals. The downhole optical signals are transmitted to the optical fiber storage device 4 through the optical fiber lower interface and then transmitted to the ground by the optical fiber storage device 4.

[0024] The above-mentioned power management circuit board can be a known voltage conversion circuit board to convert the voltage output by the downhole power supply device 1 into the working voltages required by the data acquisition circuit board and the optoelectronic conversion circuit board to supply power to the data acquisition circuit board and the optoelectronic conversion circuit board.

[0025] The optical fiber storage device 4 includes a storage outer cylinder, an optical fiber storage roller and an optical fiber. Threads are provided on both the outer side of the upper part and the outer side of the lower part of the storage outer cylinder. The lower part of the storage outer cylinder is installed with the downhole data conversion device 3 through threads, and the upper part of the storage outer cylinder is installed with the drill tool 5 through threads. The optical fiber storage roller is located inside the storage outer cylinder, and an optical fiber 6 is wound on the optical fiber storage roller. Both ends of the optical fiber 6 are respectively connected to the optical fiber lower interface and the floating device 7.

[0026] The downhole power supply device 1 includes a downhole power supply outer cylinder, a battery pack and a power interface. The battery pack is located inside the downhole power supply outer cylinder. The battery pack is connected to the power interface, and the power interface is connected to the measuring instrument 2. Threads are provided on the outer side of the upper part of the downhole power supply outer cylinder, and the upper part of the downhole power supply outer cylinder is installed with the measuring instrument 2 through threads.

[0027] The number of batteries in the above-mentioned battery pack is set according to actual needs.

[0028] As attached Figure 3As shown in the figure, the floating device 7 includes a floating chamber, an optical fiber upper interface, a top sealing chamber, a ground data conversion unit, and a wireless data transmission unit. The top sealing chamber is located at the top of the floating chamber. The ground data conversion unit and the wireless data transmission unit are arranged in the top sealing chamber. The optical fiber upper interface is arranged at the lower end of the top sealing chamber. The ground data conversion unit includes a power management circuit board, a data acquisition circuit board, and an optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The optical fiber storage device 4 is connected to the optical fiber upper interface. The optical fiber upper interface is connected to the optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The optoelectronic conversion circuit board is connected to the data acquisition circuit board. The data acquisition circuit board is connected to the wireless data transmission unit. The wireless data transmission unit is connected to the terminal device 9. The power management circuit board is respectively connected to the ground power supply device 8, the data acquisition circuit board, the optoelectronic conversion circuit board, and the wireless data transmission unit.

[0029] The above-mentioned optical fiber storage device 4 is connected to the optical fiber upper interface. The optical fiber upper interface is connected to the optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The optoelectronic conversion circuit board receives the downhole optical signal through the optical fiber upper interface and performs optoelectronic conversion on it to obtain the downhole electrical signal. The data acquisition circuit board can be a known data acquisition chip in the art, which acquires the downhole electrical signal to obtain the downhole measurement data and sends it to the terminal device 9 through the wireless data transmission unit.

[0030] The above-mentioned power management circuit board can be a known voltage conversion circuit board in the art, which converts the voltage output by the downhole power supply device 1 into the working voltages required by the data acquisition circuit board, the optoelectronic conversion circuit board, and the wireless data transmission unit, and supplies power to the data acquisition circuit board, the optoelectronic conversion circuit board, and the wireless data transmission unit.

[0031] The structure of the surface power supply device is the same as that of the downhole power supply device 1 and will not be elaborated here.

[0032] Embodiment 3: As shown in the appendix Figure 4 This embodiment of the present invention discloses a downhole optical fiber data transmission method, including: Step S110: The measuring instrument 2 obtains the downhole measurement data, and after being acquired by the downhole data conversion device 3, the corresponding downhole electrical signal is obtained. Further, the downhole data conversion device 3 performs optoelectronic conversion on it to convert the downhole electrical signal into a downhole optical signal. Step S120: The optical fiber storage device 4 transmits the downhole optical signal to the floating device 7 arranged at the wellhead position corresponding to the drill tool 5 through the optical fiber 6. Step S130: The floating device 7 converts the received downhole optical signal into a downhole electrical signal, acquires the corresponding downhole measurement data after acquisition, and transmits it to the terminal device 9 for analysis.

[0033] The above technical features constitute the best embodiment of the present invention, which has strong adaptability and the best implementation effect. Non-essential technical features can be added or subtracted according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different situations.

Claims

1. An underground optical fiber data transmission system, characterized in that, it includes an underground part and a ground part, and the underground part is connected to the ground part through a drill tool; The underground part includes an underground power supply device, a measuring instrument, an underground data conversion device, and an optical fiber storage device. The underground power supply device, the measuring instrument, the underground data conversion device, and the optical fiber storage device are arranged underground in sequence and connected in sequence. The optical fiber storage device is installed together with one end of the drill tool; The ground part includes a floating device, a ground power supply device, and a terminal device. The floating device is located at the wellhead position corresponding to the drill tool. The optical fiber storage device is connected to the floating device through an optical fiber located inside the drill tool. Both the ground power supply device and the terminal device are connected to the floating device.

2. The underground optical fiber data transmission system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the underground data conversion device includes a conversion outer cylinder, a data interface, an optical fiber lower interface, a power management circuit board, a data acquisition circuit board, and an optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The data interface, the optical fiber lower interface, the power management circuit board, the data acquisition circuit board, and the optoelectronic conversion circuit board are all arranged inside the conversion outer cylinder. Threads are provided on both the upper outer side and the lower outer side of the conversion outer cylinder. The upper part of the conversion outer cylinder is installed together with the measuring instrument through the thread, and the upper part of the conversion outer cylinder is installed together with the optical fiber storage device through the thread. The data interface is connected to the measuring instrument, the data interface is connected to the data acquisition circuit board, the data acquisition circuit board is connected to the optoelectronic conversion circuit board, the optoelectronic conversion circuit board is connected to the optical fiber lower interface, the optical fiber lower interface is connected to the optical fiber storage device, and the power management circuit board is respectively connected to the underground power supply device, the data acquisition circuit board, and the optoelectronic conversion circuit board.

3. The underground optical fiber data transmission system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the optical fiber storage device includes a storage outer cylinder, an optical fiber storage roller, and an optical fiber. Threads are provided on both the upper outer side and the lower outer side of the storage outer cylinder. The lower part of the storage outer cylinder is installed together with the underground data conversion device through the thread, and the upper part of the storage outer cylinder is installed together with the drill tool through the thread. The optical fiber storage roller is located inside the storage outer cylinder, and an optical fiber is wound on the optical fiber storage roller. Both ends of the optical fiber are respectively connected to the optical fiber lower interface and the floating device.

4. The underground optical fiber data transmission system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, the underground power supply device includes an underground power supply outer cylinder, a battery pack, and a power interface. The battery pack is located inside the underground power supply outer cylinder. The battery pack is connected to the power interface, and the power interface is connected to the measuring instrument. Threads are provided on the upper outer side of the underground power supply outer cylinder, and the upper part of the underground power supply outer cylinder is installed together with the measuring instrument through the thread.

5. The underground optical fiber data transmission system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The floating device includes a floating chamber, an optical fiber upper interface, a top sealing chamber, a ground data conversion unit, and a wireless data transmission unit. The top sealing chamber is located at the top of the floating chamber. The ground data conversion unit and the wireless data transmission unit are arranged in the top sealing chamber. The optical fiber upper interface is arranged at the lower end of the top sealing chamber. The ground data conversion unit includes a power management circuit board, a data acquisition circuit board, and an optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The optical fiber storage device is connected to the optical fiber upper interface. The optical fiber upper interface is connected to the optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The optoelectronic conversion circuit board is connected to the data acquisition circuit board. The data acquisition circuit board is connected to the wireless data transmission unit. The wireless data transmission unit is connected to the terminal device. The power management circuit board is respectively connected to the ground power supply device, the data acquisition circuit board, the optoelectronic conversion circuit board, and the wireless data transmission unit.

6. The downhole optical fiber data transmission system according to claim 3, wherein, the floating device includes a floating chamber, an optical fiber upper interface, a top sealing chamber, a ground data conversion unit, and a wireless data transmission unit. The top sealing chamber is located at the top of the floating chamber. The ground data conversion unit and the wireless data transmission unit are arranged in the top sealing chamber. The optical fiber upper interface is arranged at the lower end of the top sealing chamber. The ground data conversion unit includes a power management circuit board, a data acquisition circuit board, and an optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The optical fiber storage device is connected to the optical fiber upper interface. The optical fiber upper interface is connected to the optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The optoelectronic conversion circuit board is connected to the data acquisition circuit board. The data acquisition circuit board is connected to the wireless data transmission unit. The power management circuit board is respectively connected to the ground power supply device, the data acquisition circuit board, and the optoelectronic conversion circuit board.

7. The downhole optical fiber data transmission system according to claim 4, wherein, the floating device includes a floating chamber, an optical fiber upper interface, a top sealing chamber, a ground data conversion unit, and a wireless data transmission unit. The top sealing chamber is located at the top of the floating chamber. The ground data conversion unit and the wireless data transmission unit are arranged in the top sealing chamber. The optical fiber upper interface is arranged at the lower end of the top sealing chamber. The ground data conversion unit includes a power management circuit board, a data acquisition circuit board, and an optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The optical fiber storage device is connected to the optical fiber upper interface. The optical fiber upper interface is connected to the optoelectronic conversion circuit board. The optoelectronic conversion circuit board is connected to the data acquisition circuit board. The data acquisition circuit board is connected to the wireless data transmission unit. The power management circuit board is respectively connected to the ground power supply device, the data acquisition circuit board, and the optoelectronic conversion circuit board.

8. A downhole optical fiber data transmission method based on any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein, it includes: The measuring instrument obtains downhole measurement data, and after being collected by the downhole data conversion device, the corresponding downhole electrical signal is obtained. Further, the downhole data conversion device performs optoelectronic conversion on it, converting the downhole electrical signal into a downhole optical signal; The optical fiber storage device transmits the downhole optical signal to the floating device arranged at the wellhead position corresponding to the drill tool through the optical fiber; The floating device converts the received downhole optical signal into a downhole electrical signal, obtains the corresponding downhole measurement data after collection, and transmits it to the terminal device for analysis.

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