Titanium dioxide asphalt composition and application method thereof

Abstract

An asphalt-based seal coating composition comprising a high level of titanium oxide particles is provided. In some embodiments, an asphalt-based seal coating composition having a high degree of solar reflectivity is provided that includes a high level of titanium oxide particles. In some embodiments, an asphalt-based seal coating composition capable of reducing contaminants is provided that includes a high level of titanium oxide particles. In some embodiments, a method for preparing an asphalt-based seal coating composition and a method of applying the same to an asphalt surface are provided.

Description

[0001] Cross - reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 375,037, filed on September 8, 2022, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical field

[0003] The field of the present disclosure relates to asphalt - based sealant coating compositions comprising titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) particles. Background art

[0004] The technology related to the present invention relates to sealants for asphalt substrates, such as sealants for the type of asphalt widely used throughout the United States. Pavement technology has developed a range of asphalt coating compositions. Many asphalt compositions have been applied to asphalt, sometimes as protective coatings and sometimes as recoating systems. Such asphalt mixtures have little or no reflectivity (since they are usually black), no solar reflectivity, do not reduce surface temperature, and do not reduce pollutants.

[0005] However, it has been found that conventional dark pavements heat up rapidly when exposed to sunlight because they absorb 80% to 95% of sunlight and significantly contribute to the creation of heat islands. A heat island is a built - up area that is hotter than the surrounding rural areas. For example, the average annual temperature of a city with one million or more people may be 1.8 to 5.4°F (1 to 3°C) higher than its surrounding environment. At night, the difference can be as high as 22°F (12°C). Heat islands can affect communities by increasing summer peak energy demand, air - conditioning costs, air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, heat - related illnesses and mortality, and water quality. According to Akbari et al., hot pavements exacerbate urban heat islands by warming the local air and contribute to global warming by radiating heat into the atmosphere. Since pavements cover approximately one - third of the urban surface, they are an important heat source in the urban environment (Akbari H, Rose LS, Taha H. 1999. Characterizing the fabric of the urban environment: A case study of Sacramento, California. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory). In addition, hot pavements can also raise the temperature of stormwater runoff, which can lead to additional negative impacts. Therefore, there is a practical need to reduce the surface temperature of asphalt.

[0006] In addition, it is known that vehicles traveling on asphalt surfaces generate significant levels of pollutants. Although it has long been known that pollutants have negative environmental impacts, it has also been shown that photocatalytic air purification can remove pollutants including nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) from polluted urban air and is thus used to reduce the concentration of toxic irritant ozone, which is a key component of smog formed on hot sunny days.

[0007] Accordingly, there is a need for technologies to reduce the asphalt surface temperature and reduce pollutants via photocatalytic reactions. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] In view of the above background art, there is a need for an asphalt coating composition having a high degree of solar reflectivity, reducing the surface temperature and reducing pollutants via photocatalytic reactions. For example, there is a need in the art for improved asphalt coating compositions and methods for applying such asphalt coating compositions to mitigate the effects of increased surface temperature and pollution due to vehicular traffic in urban environments, such as exacerbated heat islands, contributions to global warming, and increased stormwater runoff temperature.

[0009] The present disclosure addresses the recognized drawbacks in the art by providing a novel high-performance asphalt-based sealcoat composition comprising titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) particles. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition has a high degree of solar reflectivity and reduces the asphalt surface temperature and pollutants.

[0010] Accordingly, in one aspect, the present disclosure relates to an asphalt-based sealcoat composition comprising an asphalt emulsion, water, an extender, sand, a polymer emulsion, clay, fibers, and a plurality of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) particles, wherein TiO 2 is present in the composition in an amount of from about 10 wt% to about 60 wt%.

[0011] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an asphalt-based sealcoat composition comprising an asphalt emulsion, water, an extender, sand, a polymer emulsion, clay, fibers, and a plurality of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) particles, wherein TiO 2 is present in the composition in an amount of from about 18 wt% to about 50 wt%.

[0012] In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides an asphalt-based sealcoat composition comprising an asphalt emulsion, water, an extender, sand, a polymer emulsion, clay, fibers, and a plurality of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) particles, wherein TiO 2 is present in the composition in an amount of from about 21 wt% to about 30 wt%.

[0013] On the other hand, the present disclosure relates to an asphalt-based sealcoat composition having a high degree of solar reflectivity. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has an SR (solar reflectance) value of at least about 0.10. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat of the present disclosure has an SR# of at least about 0.30. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat of the present disclosure has an SR# of at least about 0.35. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat of the present disclosure has an SRI (solar reflectance index)# of at least about 10. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat of the present disclosure has an SRI# of at least about 30. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat of the present disclosure has an SRI# of at least about 35.

[0014] In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to an asphalt-based sealcoat composition that is capable of reducing the surface temperature of asphalt treated with the asphalt-based sealcoat composition relative to asphalt that has not been treated with the asphalt-based sealcoat composition.

[0015] In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to an asphalt-based sealcoat composition that reduces pollutants. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition reduces atmospheric pollutants comprising a certain amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by a photocatalytic reaction. In some embodiments, titanium dioxide acts as a catalyst and reacts with the nitrogen oxides and other pollutants to chemically transform them into harmless or less harmful substances by photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) and / or reduction reactions.

[0016] In another aspect, the present disclosure relates to an asphalt-based sealcoat composition that provides skid resistance. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat of the present disclosure has a skid number (SN40R) of at least about 25. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat of the present disclosure has an SN40R of at least about 30. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat of the present disclosure has an SN40R of at least about 35. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has a dynamic friction test (DFT) value of at least about 0.35. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has a DFT value of at least about 0.4. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has a DFT value of at least about 0.45.

[0017] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides a method of treating an asphalt surface by applying a certain amount of the asphalt-based sealcoat composition disclosed herein to the upper surface of an asphalt surface (e.g., roads, playgrounds, parks, parking lots, driveways, residential areas, schools, bike lanes, shelter structures, roofs, and LEED-certified building projects).

[0018] The present technology mainly relates to the treatment of any asphalt surface including roads, playgrounds, parks, parking lots, driveways, residential areas, schools, bike lanes, shelter structures, roofs, and LEED-certified building projects.

[0019] Incorporation by reference

[0020] All references cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and, for all purposes, to the extent incorporated herein as if each individual publication or patent or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. If there is a conflict between the terms of this document and the terms of the incorporated references, the terms of this document shall control. Detailed description

[0021] I. Definitions and abbreviations

[0022] As used herein, the term “about” or “approximately” refers to an acceptable error range of a particular value as determined by a person of ordinary skill in the art, which may depend in part on how the value is measured or determined, e.g., the limitations of the measurement system. For example, in accordance with the practice in the art, “about” can mean within 1 or more standard deviations. “About” can mean a range of ±20%, ±10%, ±5%, or ±1% of a given value. The term “about” or “approximately” can mean within an order of magnitude of the value, within 5 times of the value, or within 2 times of the value. Where a particular value is described in this application and the claims, unless otherwise stated, it should be assumed that the term “about” means within the acceptable error range of the particular value. The term “about” can have the meaning commonly understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art. The term “about” can refer to ±10%. The term “about” can refer to ±5%.

[0023] Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range and any other stated or intermediate value in the range to one-tenth of a unit of the lower limit (unless the context clearly dictates otherwise) is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can independently be included within the smaller ranges and are also encompassed within the invention subject to the particular exclusions of any limit values within the stated range. Where the range includes one or both of the limit values, ranges excluding either or both of the included limit values are also included in the invention. For example, as used herein, the term “between... and...” for a range of values is intended to include the listed endpoints. For example, a numerical value “between X and Y” can be X, Y, or any value from X to Y.

[0024] As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" also include the plural forms unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should be further noted that the claims may be drafted to exclude any optional elements. Thus, this specification is intended to serve as a basis for using exclusive terms such as "only", "solely", etc. in connection with the recitation of claim elements or for using "negative" limitations. In addition, with respect to the use of the terms "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", "possessing", or variants thereof in the detailed description and / or claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term "comprising".

[0025] As used herein, the term "asphalt" or "oil" refers to an asphalt material that is a petroleum component. Asphalt is often used as a paving agent and is typically used in surface applications. Asphalt can be naturally occurring or manufactured (e.g., refined) from petroleum and can be in a viscous liquid form (e.g., at high temperatures), a semi-solid form (e.g., at room temperature), or a solid form. As used herein, the term "asphalt emulsion" refers to a liquid asphalt that has been emulsified in water. In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion further comprises an emulsifier (e.g., a surfactant). Typically, the asphalt emulsion comprises from about 40% to about 85% asphalt (e.g., from about 50% to about 75% asphalt). In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion comprises additional components, including latex, polymers, acids, and / or other additives, to further modify the physical or structural properties of the emulsion. See, for example, the "Asphalt Pavement Design Guide" of the Iowa Asphalt Paving Association, which is available on the Internet at: apai.net / Files / content / DesignGuide / AsphaltCompositeSmFst.pdf.

[0026] As used herein, the term "aggregate" refers to any hard, inert mineral material used in a graded aggregate blend. In some embodiments, the aggregate can include sand, gravel, slag, glass, rubber, and / or other suitable materials not otherwise classified herein or materials of a finer or coarser grade than those classified herein. In some cases, the aggregate serves to provide strength and load support in the asphalt-based composition after application and compaction. Aggregate particles can be coarse, fine, graded, dense, and / or loose, depending on the method of production or selection of the aggregate material.

[0027] As used herein, the term "extender" or "filler" refers to a component of an asphalt-based composition that is used to adjust the consistency of the corresponding composition. For example, in some embodiments, an extender is used to harden or toughen the asphalt binder in an asphalt-based composition. In some cases, an extender is used to improve the adhesion of an asphalt emulsion to aggregate, to facilitate the dispersion of the asphalt emulsion in the asphalt-based composition, to increase the stiffness of the composition, to accelerate the curing of a compacted mixture (e.g., after application), and / or to reduce segregation or moisture damage in the applied asphalt-based composition. In some embodiments, the extender includes materials that are similar or identical to those contained in the aggregate. In some embodiments, the extender refers to a portion of the aggregate that is suspended in the asphalt binder without particle-particle contact.

[0028] The terms "solar reflectance", "reflectivity", and "R" refer to the ability of a material to reflect solar energy from its surface back into the atmosphere. The SR value is a number from 0 to 1.0. A value of 0 indicates that the material absorbs all solar energy, while a value of 1.0 indicates total reflection.

[0029] The terms "solar reflectance index" and "SRI" refer to an index used to comply with LEED requirements and is calculated using values of reflectance and emissivity in accordance with ASTM E 1980. Emissivity is the ability of a material to release the absorbed energy.

[0030] The abbreviations used herein generally have their conventional meanings and are readily understood by those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, representative illustrative methods and materials are now described.

[0031] As will be apparent to those skilled in the art after reading this disclosure, each of the individual embodiments described and illustrated herein has discrete components and features that can be readily separated or combined with the features of any one of the other various embodiments without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. For example, substitutions, modifications, additions, subtractions, and / or combinations with any suitable components of an asphalt-based sealcoat composition can be made to any of the compositions provided herein, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any of the recited methods can be performed in the order of the recited events or in any other order that is logically possible.

[0032] II. Introduction

[0033] As described above, there is a need for an asphalt-based sealcoat composition that has a high solar reflectivity, reduces surface temperature, and reduces pollutants.

[0034] Accordingly, the present disclosure provides novel compositions, formulations containing such compositions or combinations of these compositions, and methods for applying such compositions, which can be used in particular for treating asphalt surfaces. For example, one aspect of the present disclosure provides an asphalt-based sealcoat composition that exhibits solar reflectivity and photocatalytic activity. For example, in some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition has a high solar reflectivity, with a solar reflectance index value of at least about 30 or at least about 35. Additionally, in some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition has a solar reflectance value of at least about 0.30 or at least about 0.35.

[0035] Advantageously, in some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition is capable of reducing the surface temperature of the asphalt treated with the asphalt-based sealcoat composition relative to asphalt that has not been treated with the asphalt-based sealcoat composition. Additionally, in some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition reduces atmospheric pollutants, including pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), through a photocatalytic reaction.

[0036] In addition to the benefits identified above, in some embodiments, the present disclosure also provides asphalt coatings that improve various preparation, application, durability, storage, and safety characteristics relative to conventional asphalt and asphalt coatings.

[0037] For example, in some embodiments, sand and / or aggregate are mixed into the composition prior to application. Advantageously, such compositions overcome the limitations of conventional methods for preparing asphalt emulsions. In particular, prior to application of the product to a surface, many types of aggregate, including sand, are difficult to stabilize. Conventional methods for repairing or resurfacing existing roadways include placing the aggregate on top of the binder and pressing the aggregate into the binder (i.e., the aggregate is not mixed prior to application) or mixing the aggregate with the binder on the slab at the point of application. Adding the aggregate earlier in the process typically results in separation and / or an undesired reaction with the emulsion, which can clog equipment and cause uneven application. Additionally, emulsions are typically unstable when in contact with aggregate. For example, traditional asphalt-based compositions are unable to keep sand in suspension, especially when the amount of sand is high, e.g., about 5% or more. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides an asphalt-based sealcoat composition containing aggregate and / or sand that exhibits improved stability and consistency compared to traditional emulsions. Aggregate can also be selected based on its ability to increase or decrease the hardness of the sealcoat composition after application.

[0038] In addition, the present disclosure provides an asphalt-based sealcoat composition comprising fibers. In some embodiments, the addition of fibers improves the application of the composition to a surface and provides flexibility and longevity to the sealcoat (e.g., by reducing brittleness and cracking) after application. Generally, the interaction of fibers is determined by the aspect ratio between length and diameter (as well as other factors such as bend angle, breakability, etc.). Conventional asphalt-related products typically have long and strong fibers to obtain elongation strength and resistance to cracking or spalling, thereby providing mechanical strength in the final product. For example, the fibers in a slurry are generally much longer than the fibers used in a sealcoat, such that they can interact with the aggregate (e.g., "capture" the aggregate). Thus, the fibers used for a slurry are generally not suitable for a sealcoat.

[0039] In contrast, the compositions and methods of the present disclosure outperform conventional compositions and methods by providing an asphalt-based sealcoat composition comprising fibers. In addition to producing a thickening effect that can increase the stability of the composition during storage and transportation in some embodiments, the inclusion of fibers in the presently disclosed sealcoat composition also increases the ease and efficacy with which the sealcoat can be applied to a surface. In particular, the fibers in solution impart non-Newtonian properties to the product, thereby allowing the composition to flow like a liquid under stress and return to a solid-like state after the force is released. Thus, the fibers impart both "dry" properties (e.g., tensile resistance, formation of a mass structure in the sealcoat to improve durability, etc.) and "wet" properties to the colored asphalt-based sealcoat composition.

[0040] The benefits of the presently disclosed compositions and methods are further highlighted in comparison to the deficiencies in the art. For example, in some embodiments, the presently disclosed asphalt-based sealcoat composition is thick enough such that it is much more stable than conventional slurries or other conventional asphalt-based coating products. As described above, conventional asphalt-based products are unmixed prior to application or are mixed on a board using a short workability window (e.g., about 10 to 30 minutes for a slurry). In contrast, the claimed asphalt-based sealcoat composition is stable for a significantly longer period of time (e.g., at least 1 day, at least 1 week, at least 1 month, at least 3 months, at least 6 months, at least 1 year, and / or at least 2 years). The presently disclosed compositions and methods eliminate the need for additional mixing equipment or processes and allow the user to apply the asphalt-based sealcoat composition at their convenience with minimal time restrictions.

[0041] Additionally, while thick enough to allow for a long storage time, the presently disclosed asphalt-based sealcoat compositions are thin enough to be applied without clogging. Thus, the presently disclosed asphalt-based sealcoat compositions are stable during storage (e.g., in a container such as a tank), during application (e.g., via pumping, squeegeeing, or spraying), and after application (e.g., when drying on a surface). In particular, the asphalt-based sealcoat compositions can behave like a solid under low shear forces or minimal external forces (e.g., such that it does not run off the road into the sewer), while behaving like a liquid under some mechanical forces, thus allowing it to flow during application, e.g., in order to be sprayed or pumped. In some embodiments, the improved stability and application properties are partly attributed to the inclusion of fibers in the asphalt-based sealcoat compositions.

[0042] The presently disclosed asphalt-based sealcoat compositions also provide improved anti-slip characteristics to the surface after application. For example, the asphalt-based sealcoat compositions can achieve a skid resistance number (SN40R) of at least 30, at least 35, or at least 40. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat compositions achieve a dynamic friction test (DFT) value of at least 0.35, at least 0.40, or at least 0.45. In some embodiments, the improved anti-slip property is partly attributed to the inclusion of sand in the asphalt-based sealcoat compositions.

[0043] This technology is mainly related to the treatment of any asphalt surface including roads, playgrounds, parks, parking lots, driveways, entertainment venues, outdoor areas, residential areas, schools, bike lanes, shelter structures, roofs, and LEED-certified building projects.

[0044] III. Asphalt-Based Sealcoat Compositions

[0045] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a composition. In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention is the composition described herein. In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention is a composition according to the formulation described herein.

[0046] One aspect of the present disclosure provides an asphalt-based sealcoat composition comprising an asphalt emulsion, water, an extender, sand, a polymer emulsion, clay, fibers, and a plurality of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) particles present in an amount of from about 10 wt% to about 60 wt%.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 20 wt%, the water is present in an amount of about 25 wt%, the extender is present in an amount of about 4.1 wt%, the sand is present in an amount of about 7 wt%, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 13.8 wt%, the clay is present in an amount of about 3.4 wt%, the fibers are present in an amount of about 0.6 wt%, and TiO 2Present in an amount of from about 21% to about 30% by weight, wherein the asphalt emulsion comprises SS-1h, the extender comprises granular calcium carbonate, the sand has a particle size of about 200 mesh, the polymer emulsion comprises acrylic latex, the clay comprises bentonite clay, and the composition further comprises a biocide present in an amount of about 0.2% by weight.

[0048] In another exemplary embodiment, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 20% by weight, water is present in an amount of about 26% by weight, the extender is present in an amount of about 17% by weight, the sand is present in an amount of about 7% by weight, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 13.6% by weight, the clay is present in an amount of about 3.3% by weight, the fiber is present in an amount of about 0.6% by weight, and TiO 2 Is present in an amount of about 10% by weight, wherein the asphalt emulsion comprises SS-1h, the extender comprises granular calcium carbonate, the sand has a particle size of about 200 mesh, the polymer emulsion comprises acrylic latex, the clay comprises bentonite clay, and the composition further comprises a biocide present in an amount of about 0.2% by weight.

[0049] Those skilled in the art will understand that other combinations and any proportions of the components for the asphalt-based sealant coating composition are possible, as further disclosed herein.

[0050] Titanium oxide

[0051] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition comprises titanium oxide particles.

[0052] In some embodiments, titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) particles are present in the composition in an amount of from about 10% to about 60% by weight.

[0053] In some embodiments, TiO 2 Particles are present in an amount of from about 18% to about 60% by weight. In some embodiments, TiO 2 Particles are present in an amount of from about 18% to about 50% by weight. In some embodiments, TiO 2 Particles are present in an amount of from about 18% to about 40% by weight. In some embodiments, TiO 2 Particles are present in an amount of from about 21% to about 30% by weight.

[0054] In some embodiments, TiO 2 Particles are present in an amount of about 27.8% by weight. In some embodiments, TiO2 particles are present in an amount of about 24.2% by weight. In some embodiments, TiO2 particles are present in an amount of about 23.9% by weight.

[0055] In some embodiments, TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of about 10 wt%.

[0056] In some embodiments, TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 11 wt%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 16 wt%, at least 17 wt%, at least 18 wt%, at least 19 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 21 wt%, at least 22 wt%, at least 23 wt%, at least 24 wt%, at least 25 wt%, at least 26 wt%, at least 27 wt%, at least 28 wt%, at least 29 wt%, or at least 30 wt%. In some embodiments, TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of at least 32 wt%, at least 33 wt%, at least 34 wt%, at least 35 wt%, at least 40 wt%, at least 45 wt%, at least 50 wt%, at least 55 wt%, at least 60 wt%, at least 65 wt%, at least 70 wt%, or at least 75 wt%.

[0057] In some embodiments, TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of no more than 90 wt%, no more than 75 wt%, no more than 70 wt%, no more than 65 wt%, no more than 60 wt%, no more than 55 wt%, no more than 50 wt%, no more than 45 wt%, no more than 40 wt%, no more than 35 wt%, no more than 30 wt%, no more than 29 wt%, no more than 28 wt%, no more than 27 wt%, no more than 26 wt%, no more than 25 wt%, no more than 24 wt%, no more than 23 wt%, no more than 22 wt%, no more than 21 wt%, no more than 20 wt%, no more than 19 wt%, no more than 18 wt%, no more than 17 wt%, no more than 16 wt%, no more than 15 wt%, no more than 10%, or no more than 9 wt%.

[0058] In some embodiments, TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of about 5 wt% to about 80 wt%, about 5 wt% to about 60 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 50 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 40 wt%, about 10 wt% to about 35 wt%, about 25 wt% to about 30 wt%, or about 15 wt% to about 30 wt%. In some embodiments, TiO 2The particles are present in an amount of from about 5 wt% to about 20 wt%, from about 8 wt% to about 15 wt%, from about 3 wt% to about 30 wt%, from about 4 wt% to about 40 wt%, from about 9 wt% to about 25 wt%, or from about 10 wt% to about 20 wt%. In some embodiments, TiO 2 The particles are present in an amount of from about 8 wt% to about 40 wt%, from about 10 wt% to about 80 wt%, from about 50 wt% to about 90 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 70 wt%, from about 25 wt% to about 35 wt%, or from about 20 wt% to about 50 wt%.

[0059] In some embodiments, TiO 2 The particles are present in an amount that falls within another range starting at no less than about 5 wt% and ending at no more than about 90 wt%.

[0060] In some embodiments, TiO 2 The particles comprise TiO in the form of anatase powder 2 . In some embodiments, TiO 2 The particles comprise TiO in the form of brookite powder 2 . In some embodiments, TiO 2 The particles comprise TiO in the form of rutile powder 2 . In some embodiments, TiO 2 The particles comprise TiO in the form of anatase powder 2 , TiO in the form of brookite powder 2 , TiO in the form of rutile powder 2 or any mixture of any combination thereof.

[0061] In some embodiments, each respective TiO 2 particle among the plurality of TiO 2 particles comprises a modifier. In some embodiments, the modifier is a surface treatment agent, wherein each respective TiO 2 particle comprises a coating. Advantageously, in some embodiments, the coating increases the compatibility of the TiO 2 particles with other materials. In some embodiments, the coating reduces the undesirable interaction of the TiO 2 particles with the environment. In some embodiments, the coating is TiO 2The particles provide enhanced mechanical properties such as resistance to chalking, scrub resistance, and / or resistance to color loss. Chalking of the applied composition can occur due to degradation or disintegration of the binder and / or resin in the composition (e.g., due to weather and / or UV exposure). Scrub resistance generally refers to the ability of the applied composition to resist abrasion or degradation. In some embodiments, the coating improves the gloss and opacity of the composition, reduces agglomeration of the composition (e.g., during storage), and / or reduces water absorption on the surface of the TiO 2 particles.

[0062] In some embodiments, the coating binds to the surface of the TiO 2 particles and is thus highly durable. In some embodiments, the modifier is an aluminum hydroxide coating. In some embodiments, the modifier is an inorganic coating selected from titanium, zirconium, silicon, and aluminum compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, hydrate, co-crystal, or prodrug thereof. Suitable embodiments of the modifier for TiO 2 particles are further described, for example, in the following: “Titanium Dioxide Products”, Ishihara Sangyo Kaisha, Ltd. (available on the Internet from iskweb.co.jp); Kerr-McGee Chemical LLC, “Tailoring TiO2 Treatment Chemistry To Achieve Desired Performance Properties”, PCI Magazine, 2000 (available on the Internet from pcimag.com / articles / 86202-tailoring-tio2-treatment-chemistry-to-achieve-desired-performance-properties); and Veronovski, “TiO2 Applications as a Function of Controlled Surface Treatment, Titanium Dioxide - Material for a Sustainable Environment”, IntechOpen, 2018, doi:10.5772 / intechopen.72945, each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0063] In some embodiments, each respective TiO 2 particle in the plurality of TiO 2 particles has a size of no more than 20 microns. In some embodiments, the plurality of TiO2 Each corresponding TiO in the particles 2 particles have a size of no more than 10 microns. In some embodiments, the various TiO 2 Each corresponding TiO in the particles 2 particles have a size of no more than 5 microns. In some embodiments, the various TiO 2 Each corresponding TiO in the particles 2 particles have a size of no more than 25 microns, no more than 20 microns, no more than 18 microns, no more than 15 microns, no more than 12 microns, no more than 10 microns, no more than 8 microns, no more than 5 microns, no more than 4 microns, no more than 3 microns or no more than 2 microns. In some embodiments, the various TiO 2 Each corresponding TiO in the particles 2 particles have a size of at least 0.05 microns, at least 0.08 microns, at least 0.1 microns, at least 0.3 microns, at least 0.5 microns, at least 0.8 microns, at least 1 micron or at least 1.5 microns. In some embodiments, the various TiO 2 Each corresponding TiO in the particles 2 particles have a size of from about 0.05 to about 5 microns, from about 0.1 to about 8 microns, from about 0.5 to about 10 microns, from about 0.5 to about 5 microns, from about 1 to about 3 microns, from about 1 to about 20 microns or from about 5 to about 15 microns. In some embodiments, the various TiO 2 Each corresponding TiO in the particles 2 particles have a size that falls within another range starting at no less than 0.05 microns and ending at no more than 25 microns.

[0064] In some embodiments, the various TiO 2 TiO in the particles 2 At least 50% of the particles have the same or nearly the same particle size (e.g., the size of the TiO 2 particles has a narrow distribution). In some embodiments, the various TiO 2 TiO in the particles 2 At least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98% or at least 99% of the particles have the same or nearly the same particle size.

[0065] In some embodiments, all TiO 2The particles have a particle size of no more than 10 microns (e.g., from about 1 to about 3 microns). Advantageously, in some embodiments, the particle size of no more than 10 microns results in improved stability of the presently disclosed compositions and allows for more uniform application of the article to a surface. For example, in some embodiments, the TiO particles with a particle size of no more than 10 microns 2 particles allow TiO 2 particles to be uniformly distributed in the asphalt-based sealcoat composition and reduce microdomains where the various components (e.g., asphalt, pigments, polymers, etc.) are non-uniformly distributed.

[0066] Asphalt

[0067] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition comprises an asphalt emulsion.

[0068] In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of from about 5 wt% to about 40 wt%. In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of from about 10 wt% to about 35 wt%. In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of from about 15 wt% to about 30 wt%. In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of from about 15 wt% to about 25 wt%. In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of from about 18 wt% to about 23 wt%. In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 20 wt%. In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 21.7 wt%.

[0069] In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 11 wt%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 16 wt%, at least 17 wt%, at least 18 wt%, at least 19 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 21 wt%, at least 22 wt%, at least 23 wt%, at least 24 wt%, at least 25 wt%, at least 26 wt%, at least 27 wt%, at least 28 wt%, at least 29 wt%, at least 30 wt%, at least 31 wt%, at least 32 wt%, at least 33 wt%, at least 34 wt%, at least 35 wt%, at least 36 wt%, at least 37 wt%, at least 38 wt%, at least 39 wt%, at least 40 wt%, at least 45 wt%, at least 50 wt%, at least 55 wt%, at least 60 wt%, at least 65 wt% or at least 70 wt%.

[0070] In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of no more than 80 wt%, no more than 75 wt%, no more than 70 wt%, no more than 65 wt%, no more than 60 wt%, no more than 55 wt%, no more than 50 wt%, no more than 45 wt%, no more than 40 wt%, no more than 35 wt%, no more than 30 wt%, no more than 29 wt%, no more than 28 wt%, no more than 27 wt%, no more than 26 wt%, no more than 25 wt%, no more than 24 wt%, no more than 23 wt%, no more than 22 wt%, no more than 21 wt%, no more than 20 wt%, no more than 19 wt%, no more than 18 wt%, no more than 17 wt%, no more than 16 wt%, no more than 15 wt% or no more than 10 wt%.

[0071] In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of from about 5 wt% to about 80 wt%, from about 10 wt% to about 60 wt%, from about 15 wt% to about 50 wt%, from about 15 wt% to about 40 wt%, from about 18 wt% to about 30 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 25 wt%, from about 8 wt% to about 20 wt%, from about 10 wt% to about 30 wt%, from about 5 wt% to about 25 wt%, from about 30 wt% to about 50 wt%, or from about 10 wt% to about 70 wt%. In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount that falls within another range that starts at no less than about 5 wt% and ends at no more than about 80 wt%.

[0072] In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is selected from CSS-1h, CSS-1, SS-1h, SS-1, clay-based emulsions, and / or any mixture thereof.

[0073] In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is a rapid setting (RS) emulsion, a medium setting (MS) emulsion, a slow setting (SS) emulsion, or a quick setting (QS) emulsion. In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is a cationic emulsion or an anionic emulsion. In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is a high float (HF) emulsion.

[0074] Any asphalt emulsion suitable for preparing an asphalt-based composition can be expected to be used in the compositions of the present disclosure in the amounts disclosed herein, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, including but not limited to RS-1, RS-2, MS-1, MS-2, MS-2h, HFMS-1, HFMS-2, HFMS-2h, HFMS-2s, SS1, SS1h, CRS-1, CRS-2, CRS-2p, CM2, CM2h, CMS-2, CMS-2h, CSS-1, CSS-1h, CSS-1hp, and / or CQS-1h.

[0075] In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is selected from penetration grade 40 - 50 emulsion, penetration grade 60 - 70 emulsion, penetration grade 85 - 100 emulsion, penetration grade 120 - 150 emulsion, and penetration grade 200 - 300 emulsion. In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is penetration grade 60 emulsion.

[0076] The penetration grade is used to characterize the consistency of the asphalt mixture, particularly as measured in terms of penetration depth (e.g., the penetration depth of a 100 g needle at 25°C). For example, penetration grade 40 - 50 represents the hardest grade, penetration grades 60 - 70 and 85 - 100 represent commonly used grades in temperate climates, and penetration grade 200 - 300 represents the softest grade typically used in cold climates. See, e.g., Roberts et al., 1996, Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, Mixture Design, and Construction. National Asphalt Pavement Association Education Foundation, Lanham, MD, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0077] In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion comprises a single type (e.g., penetration grade, blend grade, ionic type, etc.) of asphalt emulsion. In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion comprises multiple types of asphalt emulsions. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of asphalt emulsions, each type of asphalt emulsion in the multiple asphalt emulsions is present in the amounts (e.g., weight percentages) disclosed herein. In some such embodiments, each type of asphalt emulsion in the multiple asphalt emulsions is present in the same amount (e.g., weight percentage) relative to the composition. In some such embodiments, two or more types of asphalt emulsions in the multiple asphalt emulsions are present in different amounts (e.g., weight percentages) relative to the composition. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of asphalt emulsions, the amount of asphalt emulsion present in the composition (e.g., as disclosed herein) represents the total amount of asphalt emulsion in the multiple asphalt emulsions.

[0078] In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion further comprises one or more components for asphalt reinforcement. In some embodiments, the one or more asphalt reinforcement components are selected from mineral bitumens (e.g., gilsonite), clarified bitumen (e.g., transparent bitumen), and bio-based bitumen-like binders (e.g., soy, corn, palm, flax, algae, seaweed, linseed, start, cellulose, collagen, etc.). In some embodiments, the one or more asphalt reinforcement components comprise a bio-regenerator. Advantageously, the asphalt reinforcement components can provide flexibility in the asphalt-based sealcoat composition, thereby allowing for the variation of harder asphalt types and / or the inclusion of various different asphalt types.

[0079] In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is a polymer-modified asphalt emulsion. For example, as described below, in some embodiments, a polymer emulsion is included in the asphalt emulsion before the asphalt emulsion is added to the asphalt-based sealcoat composition. For example, an asphalt emulsion classified with a "P" suffix generally refers to an asphalt emulsion that has been supplemented with a polymer. In another example, an asphalt emulsion classified with an "L" suffix generally refers to an asphalt emulsion that has been supplemented with a latex polymer.

[0080] In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is free of added polymer, and the polymer is added to the asphalt-based sealcoat composition separately from the asphalt emulsion. Suitable polymers contemplated for the present disclosure are discussed in more detail in the section entitled "Polymer Emulsion" below.

[0081] Water

[0082] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition comprises water.

[0083] In some embodiments, the water is present in an amount of from about 15 wt% to about 45 wt%. In some embodiments, the water is present in an amount of from about 18 wt% to about 35 wt%. In some embodiments, the water is present in an amount of from about 20 wt% to about 30 wt%. In some embodiments, the water is present in an amount of from about 20 wt% to about 28 wt%. In some embodiments, the water is present in an amount of about 20.7 wt%. In some embodiments, the water is present in an amount of from about 22 wt% to about 28 wt%. In some embodiments, the water is present in an amount of about 25 wt%.

[0084] In some embodiments, water is present in an amount of at least 5 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 11 wt%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 16 wt%, at least 17 wt%, at least 18 wt%, at least 19 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 21 wt%, at least 22 wt%, at least 23 wt%, at least 24 wt%, at least 25 wt%, at least 26 wt%, at least 27 wt%, at least 28 wt%, at least 29 wt%, at least 30 wt%, at least 31 wt%, at least 32 wt%, at least 33 wt%, at least 34 wt%, at least 35 wt%, at least 36 wt%, at least 37 wt%, at least 38 wt%, at least 39 wt%, at least 40 wt%, at least 45%, or at least 50 wt%.

[0085] In some embodiments, water is present in an amount of no more than 60 wt%, no more than 55 wt%, no more than 50 wt%, no more than 45 wt%, no more than 40 wt%, no more than 35 wt%, no more than 30 wt%, no more than 29 wt%, no more than 28 wt%, no more than 27 wt%, no more than 26 wt%, no more than 25 wt%, no more than 24 wt%, no more than 23 wt%, no more than 22 wt%, no more than 21 wt%, no more than 20 wt%, no more than 19 wt%, no more than 18 wt%, no more than 17 wt%, no more than 16 wt%, no more than 15 wt%, or no more than 10 wt%.

[0086] In some embodiments, water is present in an amount of from about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 10 wt% to about 30 wt%, from about 15 wt% to about 50 wt%, from about 15 wt% to about 40 wt%, from about 18 wt% to about 25 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 23 wt%, or from about 30 wt% to about 60 wt%. In some embodiments, water is present in an amount that falls within another range that starts at no less than about 5 wt% and ends at no greater than about 60 wt%.

[0087] Polymer emulsion

[0088] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition comprises a polymer emulsion. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition does not comprise a polymer emulsion.

[0089] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of from about 1 wt% to about 35 wt%. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of from about 2 wt% to about 30 wt%. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of from about 3 wt% to about 25 wt%. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of from about 4 wt% to about 20 wt%. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of from about 6 wt% to about 17 wt%. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 15 wt%. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 13.8 wt%. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of from about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of from about 6 wt% to about 8 wt%. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 7.5 wt%.

[0090] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 3 wt%, at least 4 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 11 wt%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 16 wt%, at least 17 wt%, at least 18 wt%, at least 19 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 21 wt%, at least 22 wt%, at least 23 wt%, at least 24 wt%, at least 25 wt%, at least 26 wt%, at least 27 wt%, at least 28 wt%, at least 29 wt%, at least 30 wt%, at least 31 wt%, at least 32 wt%, at least 33 wt%, at least 34 wt%, at least 35 wt%, at least 36 wt%, at least 37 wt%, at least 38 wt%, at least 39 wt%, at least 40 wt%, at least 45 wt% or at least 50 wt%.

[0091] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of not more than 60 wt%, not more than 55 wt%, not more than 50 wt%, not more than 45 wt%, not more than 40 wt%, not more than 35 wt%, not more than 30 wt%, not more than 25 wt%, not more than 24 wt%, not more than 23 wt%, not more than 22 wt%, not more than 21 wt%, not more than 20 wt%, not more than 19 wt%, not more than 18 wt%, not more than 17 wt%, not more than 16 wt%, not more than 15 wt%, not more than 14 wt%, not more than 13 wt%, not more than 12 wt%, not more than 11 wt%, not more than 10 wt%, not more than 9 wt%, not more than 8 wt%, not more than 7 wt%, not more than 6 wt% or not more than 5 wt%.

[0092] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of from about 1 wt% to about 50 wt%, from about 10 wt% to about 60 wt%, from about 5 wt% to about 20 wt%, from about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 10 wt% to about 20 wt%, from about 5 wt% to about 25 wt%, or from about 3 wt% to about 18 wt%. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount that falls within another range starting at no less than about 1 wt% and ending at no greater than about 60 wt%.

[0093] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion comprises an acrylic polymer, styrene acrylic, vinyl acetate ethylene, styrene-butadiene copolymer resin (SBR), polyvinyl acetate, and / or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion comprises an acrylic copolymer, vinyl acrylic, acrylic latex, polyurethane, SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene), polychloroprene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate ether, polyvinyl alcohol, parboxylic acid, synthetic rubber, natural rubber, recycled tire rubber, LDP (low density polyethylene), EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), nitrile latex, DuPont Elvaloy polymer modifier, and / or any mixture thereof.

[0094] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion comprises acrylic latex and / or EVA latex. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion comprises a self-crosslinking acrylic latex.

[0095] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion further comprises additional water. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion further comprises water present in the polymer emulsion in an amount of at least 15 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 25 wt%, at least 28 wt%, at least 30 wt%, at least 33 wt%, at least 35 wt%, at least 38 wt%, at least 40 wt%, at least 45 wt%, at least 50 wt%, at least 53 wt%, at least 55 wt%, at least 58 wt%, at least 60 wt% or at least 70 wt%. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion further comprises water present in the polymer emulsion in an amount of no more than 80 wt%, no more than 70 wt%, no more than 60 wt%, no more than 55 wt%, no more than 50 wt%, no more than 45 wt%, no more than 40 wt%, no more than 35 wt%, no more than 30 wt% or no more than 25 wt%. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion further comprises water present in the polymer emulsion in an amount of from about 15 wt% to about 50 wt%, from about 20 wt% to about 70 wt%, from about 15 wt% to about 20 wt%, from about 25 wt% to about 60 wt%, from about 40 wt% to about 80 wt%, from about 45 wt% to about 55 wt%, or from about 47 wt% to about 53 wt%. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion further comprises water present in the polymer emulsion in an amount that falls within another range starting at no less than about 15 wt% and ending at no greater than about 80 wt%.

[0096] In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion comprises a single type of polymer emulsion. In some embodiments, the polymer emulsion comprises multiple types of polymer emulsions. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of polymer emulsions, each type of polymer emulsion in the multiple polymer emulsions is present in the amounts (e.g., weight percentages) disclosed herein. In some such embodiments, each type of polymer emulsion in the multiple polymer emulsions is present in the same amount (e.g., weight percentage) relative to the composition. In some such embodiments, two or more types of polymer emulsions in the multiple polymer emulsions are present in different amounts (e.g., weight percentages) relative to the composition. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of polymer emulsions, the amount of polymer emulsion present in the composition (e.g., as disclosed herein) represents the total amount of polymer emulsion in the multiple polymer emulsions.

[0097] For example, in some embodiments, the polymer emulsion comprises a first type of polymer emulsion present in an amount of about 6.9 wt% and a second type of polymer emulsion present in an amount of about 6.9 wt%, wherein the total amount of the polymer emulsion is present in the composition in an amount of about 13.8 wt%. As another example, in some embodiments, the polymer emulsion comprises formaldehyde (e.g., less than 0.05 wt%), styrene-butadiene polymer (e.g., about 17 wt% to about 29 wt%), vinyl acetate (e.g., less than 0.05 wt%), acrylic polymer (e.g., about 28 wt% to about 48 wt%), ammonia (e.g., less than 0.05 wt%), and water (e.g., about 47 wt% to about 53 wt%).

[0098] Advantageously, in some embodiments, the inclusion of the polymer in the asphalt-based sealant coating composition enhances the "wet" properties (e.g., stability and / or compatibility) and "dry" properties (e.g., improved adhesion, abrasion resistance, resistance, and / or other mechanical properties) of the composition. For example, as described above, the polymer can impart enhanced tensile resistance (e.g., reduced brittleness and cracking) to the applied sealant coating, thereby increasing the durability and lifespan of the sealant coating. Additionally, as described above, in some embodiments, the polymer emulsion comprises multiple types of polymer emulsions (e.g., self-crosslinking acrylic latex and ethylene vinyl acetate latex). In some such embodiments, the use of the polymer mixture advantageously produces a combination of properties that enhances the overall performance of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition relative to any one of the individual polymers.

[0099] In some embodiments, the polymer is obtained as a component in a polymer-modified asphalt emulsion. For example, as described above, in some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is present in the obtained asphalt emulsion prior to mixing the asphalt-based sealant coating composition. Generally, an asphalt emulsion classified with a "P" suffix refers to an asphalt emulsion that has been supplemented with a polymer. In another example, an asphalt emulsion classified with an "L" suffix generally refers to an asphalt emulsion that has been supplemented with a latex polymer. Generally, a polymer is added to the asphalt emulsion to enhance the strength, adhesion, and / or durability of any asphalt-based composition containing the asphalt emulsion.

[0100] In some embodiments, the asphalt emulsion is not polymer-modified, and the polymer emulsion and the asphalt emulsion are added separately to the asphalt-based sealant coating composition. Exemplary methods for preparing the asphalt-based sealant coating composition are described in further detail in Example 3 and in the section entitled "Preparation of Asphalt-Based Sealant Coating Composition" below, where the polymer emulsion is mixed with the asphalt emulsion. In some embodiments, using a separate polymer emulsion (e.g., not included as part of a modified asphalt emulsion) advantageously allows for greater flexibility and diversity in selecting a polymer that matches the desired properties. Thus, in some embodiments, the polymer emulsion is introduced in the form of a polymer latex or an aqueous polymer as a component separate and independent from the asphalt.

[0101] Any polymer emulsion suitable for preparing an asphalt-based composition can be expected to be used in the compositions of the present disclosure in the amounts disclosed herein, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0102] Clay

[0103] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition contains clay. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition does not contain clay.

[0104] In some embodiments, the clay is present in an amount of from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt%. In some embodiments, the clay is present in an amount of from about 2 wt% to about 8 wt%. In some embodiments, the clay is present in an amount of from about 3 wt% to about 6 wt%. In some embodiments, the clay is present in an amount of from about 3 wt% to about 5 wt%. In some embodiments, the clay is present in an amount of about 3.4 wt%. In some embodiments, the clay is present in an amount of about 3.7 wt%.

[0105] In some embodiments, the clay is present in an amount of at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 3 wt%, at least 4 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 11 wt%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 16 wt%, at least 17 wt%, at least 18 wt%, at least 19 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 21 wt%, at least 22 wt%, at least 23 wt%, at least 24 wt%, at least 25 wt%, at least 26 wt%, at least 27 wt%, at least 28 wt%, at least 29 wt%, or at least 30 wt%. In some embodiments, the clay is present in an amount of no more than 40 wt%, no more than 30 wt%, no more than 25 wt%, no more than 24 wt%, no more than 23 wt%, no more than 22 wt%, no more than 21 wt%, no more than 20 wt%, no more than 19 wt%, no more than 18 wt%, no more than 17 wt%, no more than 16 wt%, no more than 15 wt%, no more than 14 wt%, no more than 13 wt%, no more than 12 wt%, no more than 11 wt%, no more than 10 wt%, no more than 9 wt%, no more than 8 wt%, no more than 7 wt%, no more than 6 wt%, or no more than 5 wt%.

[0106] In some embodiments, the clay is present in an amount of from about 1 wt% to about 40 wt%, from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 5 wt% to about 20 wt%, from about 10 wt% to about 30 wt%, from about 2 wt% to about 6 wt%, from about 3 wt% to about 5 wt%, or from about 3 wt% to about 12 wt%. In some embodiments, the clay is present in an amount that falls within another range that begins at no less than about 1 wt% and ends at no more than about 40 wt%.

[0107] In some embodiments, the clay comprises a phyllosilicate mineral. Phyllosilicate minerals generally refer to diagenetic minerals that contain a silicate group. The various different phyllosilicate mineral groups include nesosilicates, sorosilicates, cyclosilicates, inosilicates (single chain), inosilicates (double chain), phyllosilicates, and tectosilicates. In particular, phyllosilicates refer to a broad class of minerals that include clay minerals such as antigorite, chrysotile, lizardite, halloysite, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, talc, illite, chlorite, vermiculite, palygorskite, biotite, chrome mica, muscovite, phlogopite, lepidolite, margarite, glauconite, sepiolite, and montmorillonite (the main component of bentonite). See, e.g., Nelson's "Phyllosilicates (Micas, Chlorite, Talc, & Serpentine)," 2015, which is available on the Internet from tulane.edu / ~sanelson / eens211 / phyllosilicates.htm and which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0108] Thus, in some embodiments, the clay comprises a phyllosilicate. In some embodiments, the clay is selected from bentonite clay, ball clay, fire clay, sepiolite clay, illite, montmorillonite, hawthorn clay, American colloidal clay, hickory clay, Lincoln clay, and / or any mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the clay is bentonite clay. In some embodiments, the clay is sepiolite clay.

[0109] In some embodiments, the clay is a single type of clay. In some embodiments, the clay comprises more than one type of clay (e.g., bentonite clay and sepiolite clay). In some embodiments, the clay comprises a mixture of clays selected from bentonite clay, ball clay, fire clay, sepiolite clay, illite, montmorillonite, hawthorn clay, American colloidal clay, hickory clay, and / or Lincoln clay. In some embodiments, the clay comprises two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, or twenty or more types of clay. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of clay, each type of clay in the multiple types of clay is present in the amounts (e.g., weight percentages) disclosed herein. In some such embodiments, each type of clay in the multiple types of clay is present in the same amount (e.g., weight percentage) relative to the composition. In some such embodiments, two or more types of clay in the multiple types of clay are present in different amounts (e.g., weight percentages) relative to the composition. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of clay, the amount of clay present in the composition (e.g., as disclosed herein) represents the total amount of clay in the multiple types of clay.

[0110] Any clay suitable for preparing an asphalt-based composition can be expected to be used in the compositions of the present disclosure in the amounts disclosed herein, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0111] Sand

[0112] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition comprises sand. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition does not comprise sand.

[0113] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises sand present in an amount of from about 3 wt% to about 25 wt%. In some embodiments, the sand is present in an amount of from about 4 wt% to about 20 wt%. In some embodiments, the sand is present in an amount of from about 6 wt% to about 16 wt%. In some embodiments, the sand is present in an amount of about 7 wt%. In some embodiments, the sand is present in an amount of about 6.7 wt% or about 7.3 wt%. In some embodiments, the sand is present in an amount of about 15 wt%.

[0114] In some embodiments, the sand is present in an amount of at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 3 wt%, at least 4 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 11 wt%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 16 wt%, at least 17 wt%, at least 18 wt%, at least 19 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 21 wt%, at least 22 wt%, at least 23 wt%, at least 24 wt%, at least 25 wt%, at least 26 wt%, at least 27 wt%, at least 28 wt%, at least 29 wt%, or at least 30 wt%. In some embodiments, the sand is present in an amount of no more than 40 wt%, no more than 30 wt%, no more than 25 wt%, no more than 24 wt%, no more than 23 wt%, no more than 22 wt%, no more than 21 wt%, no more than 20 wt%, no more than 19 wt%, no more than 18 wt%, no more than 17 wt%, no more than 16 wt%, no more than 15 wt%, no more than 14 wt%, no more than 13 wt%, no more than 12 wt%, no more than 11 wt%, no more than 10 wt%, no more than 9 wt%, no more than 8 wt%, no more than 7 wt%, no more than 6 wt%, or no more than 5 wt%.

[0115] In some embodiments, the sand is present in an amount of from about 1 wt% to about 40 wt%, from about 2 wt% to about 15 wt%, from about 5 wt% to about 20 wt%, from about 10 wt% to about 30 wt%, from about 4 wt% to about 18 wt%, from about 30 wt% to about 40 wt%, or from about 3 wt% to about 12 wt%. In some embodiments, the sand is present in an amount that falls within another range that starts at no less than about 1 wt% and ends at no more than about 40 wt%.

[0116] In some embodiments, the sand has a particle size of from about 16 to about 300 mesh. In some embodiments, the sand has a particle size of from about 20 to about 280 mesh. In some embodiments, the sand has a particle size of from about 60 to about 260 mesh. In some embodiments, the sand has a particle size of from about 80 to about 240 mesh. In some embodiments, the sand has a particle size of from about 100 to about 220 mesh. In some embodiments, the sand has a particle size of about 200 mesh. In some embodiments, the sand has a particle size of from about 20 to about 80 mesh. In some embodiments, the sand has a particle size of about 20 / 40 mesh.

[0117] In some embodiments, the sand has a particle size mesh number of at least 10, at least 12, at least 16, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 60, at least 70, at least 80, at least 90, at least 100, at least 150, at least 200, or at least 300. In some embodiments, the sand has a particle size mesh number of no more than 400, no more than 300, no more than 200, no more than 100, no more than 70, no more than 50, or no more than 40. In some embodiments, the sand has a particle size mesh number of from about 12 to about 50, from about 16 to about 70, from about 20 to about 40, from about 70 to about 300, from about 100 to about 200, or from about 150 to about 300. In some embodiments, the sand has a particle size mesh number that falls within another range starting at no less than 10 and ending at no higher than 400.

[0118] In some embodiments, the sand comprises a material that is similar or identical in type to the materials of one or more other components (e.g., aggregate, extender, etc.) used in the asphalt-based sealant coating composition. For example, in some embodiments, the sand comprises limestone sand.

[0119] In some embodiments, the sand is a mixture of materials. For example, in some embodiments, the sand is a mixture of materials, one or more of which are similar or identical in type to the materials of one or more other components (e.g., aggregate, extender, etc.) used in the asphalt-based sealant coating composition. In some embodiments, the sand comprises two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, or twenty or more types of sand.

[0120] In some embodiments, the sand is a mixture of materials having different particle sizes (e.g., as determined by the particle size mesh number). In some embodiments, the sand is a mixture of two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, or twenty or more different particle sizes. In some embodiments, the sand has a uniform particle size as determined by the particle size mesh number.

[0121] In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types (e.g., materials and / or particle sizes) of sand, each type of sand among the multiple types of sand is present in the amounts (e.g., weight percentages) disclosed herein. In some such embodiments, each type of sand among the multiple types of sand is present in the same amount (e.g., weight percentage) relative to the composition. In some such embodiments, two or more types of sand among the multiple types of sand are present in different amounts (e.g., weight percentages) relative to the composition. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of sand, the amount of sand present in the composition (e.g., as disclosed herein) represents the total amount of sand among the multiple types of sand.

[0122] Any sand suitable for preparing an asphalt-based composition can be expected to be used in the compositions of the present disclosure in the amounts disclosed herein, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0123] Advantageously, in some embodiments, after application of the asphalt-based sealcoat composition, the sand provides skid resistance properties to the asphalt-based sealcoat composition and / or the asphalt-based sealcoat. As described below with reference to Example 4, a standardized test protocol can be used to measure at a predetermined speed to determine the skid resistance properties. For example, ASTM standard method E274 is used to determine the skid numbers SN40R and SN40S at 64 km / h (40 mph) using a ribbed tire and a smooth tire, respectively (see, e.g., ASTM E274 / E274M–11, 2011; and Fwa, 2017, “Skid resistance determination for pavement management and wet-weather road safety”, Int J Trans Sci Tech 6(3):217-227, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

[0124] Generally, the measurement of pavement friction is used for pavement management purposes, such as monitoring pavement conditions and performing necessary maintenance on the safety, efficacy, comfort, and durability of roads and other surfaces under various weather conditions. Skid resistance refers to the force generated when a locked tire (e.g., a tire prevented from rotating) slides on a paved surface. Higher skid resistance reduces the risk of vehicles skidding and hydroplaning on the surface, thereby reducing accidents caused, for example, by weather conditions and / or emergency braking.

[0125] Although safety parameters vary between regions (e.g., states, countries, etc.), it is common practice for highway agencies to specify a minimum skid resistance for pavement management and maintenance. Thus, minimum standards in some jurisdictions include a skid number of at least 20 (e.g., 23 to 30 on highways and other high-speed surfaces). See, e.g., Fwa, 2017, “Skidresistance determination for pavement management and wet-weather roadsafety”, Int J Trans Sci Tech 6(3):217-227.

[0126] Accordingly, in some embodiments, the compositions and methods of the present disclosure provide an asphalt-based sealcoat having a skid number (SN40R) of at least about 25. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has a skid number SN40R of at least about 30. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has a skid number SN40R of at least about 35. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has an SN40R of at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, or at least 55. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has an SN40R of no more than 70, no more than 60, no more than 55, no more than 50, no more than 45, no more than 40, no more than 35, no more than 30, or no more than 25. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has an SN40R of from about 20 to about 40, from about 25 to about 60, from about 22 to about 35, from about 30 to about 45, or from about 35 to about 65. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has an SN40R that falls within another range starting at no less than 20 and ending at no greater than 70.

[0127] Another method of measuring pavement safety includes determining pavement friction values. Generally, higher friction values are inversely correlated with vehicle crash rates, with multiple studies suggesting a minimum coefficient of friction of 0.40 measured at 30 mph or higher. In some embodiments, the coefficient of friction is related to the microtexture of the paving material and is measured using devices for microtexture (e.g., Circular Track Machine (CTM) and / or Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT)). See, for example, Hall et al., “Guide for Pavement Friction”, 2006, NCHRP Project 01-43, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. For example, the DFT is a portable device that includes a horizontally rotating disk equipped with three spring-loaded rubber sliders. The disk rotates at a tangential speed of up to 80 kph when in contact with the surface over which water flows. As the disk decelerates from a speed of 20 - 80 kph, the coefficient of friction on the wet surface is continuously measured. The Circular Track Machine, Dynamic Friction Tester, and friction values applicable to the present disclosure are further described, for example, in Wasilewska et al., “Evaluation of skid resistance using CTM, DFT and SRT-3 devices” (2016, Transportation Research Procedia 14, 3050 - 3059, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety).

[0128] Thus, in some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has a Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT) value of at least about 0.35. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has a Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT) value of at least about 0.4. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has a Dynamic Friction Tester (DFT) value of at least about 0.45.

[0129] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has a DFT value of at least about 0.20, at least about 0.25, at least about 0.30, at least about 0.35, at least about 0.40, at least about 0.45, at least about 0.50, at least about 0.55, at least about 0.60, or at least about 0.65. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has a DFT value of no more than 0.75, no more than 0.70, no more than 0.65, no more than 0.60, no more than 0.50, no more than 0.40, no more than 0.35, or no more than 0.30. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has a DFT value of from about 0.20 to about 0.50, from about 0.20 to about 0.70, from about 0.30 to about 0.55, from about 0.35 to about 0.50, or from about 0.40 to about 0.48. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has a DFT value that falls within another range starting at no less than 0.20 and ending at no greater than 0.75.

[0130] In addition, in some embodiments, the sand provides a coloring effect to the asphalt-based sealant coating composition. In some embodiments, for example, the sand provides a brightening effect or a darkening effect to the color of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition. In some embodiments, the sand imparts a specific color to the asphalt-based sealant coating composition. For example, in some embodiments, the sand is a light color (e.g., white, off-white, beige, yellow, or the like), such that adding the sand to the asphalt-based sealant coating composition results in a lighter-colored sealant coating composition (e.g., gray and / or salt-and-pepper). Advantageously, after application to a surface, the lighter-colored sand can increase the solar reflectance of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition and / or the asphalt-based sealant.

[0131] Extender

[0132] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition comprises an extender. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition does not comprise an extender.

[0133] In some embodiments, the extender is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt% to about 40 wt%. In some embodiments, the extender is present in an amount of from about 1 wt% to about 30 wt%. In some embodiments, the extender is present in an amount of from about 2 wt% to about 8 wt%. In some embodiments, the extender is present in an amount of from about 3 wt% to about 5 wt%. In some embodiments, the extender is present in an amount of about 3.1 wt%. In some embodiments, the extender is present in an amount of about 4.1 wt%. In some embodiments, the extender is present in an amount of from about 15 wt% to about 25 wt%. In some embodiments, the extender is present in an amount of about 17.2 wt%.

[0134] In some embodiments, the extender is present in an amount of at least 0.01 wt%, at least 0.02 wt%, at least 0.03 wt%, at least 0.04 wt%, at least 0.05 wt%, at least 0.06 wt%, at least 0.07 wt%, at least 0.08 wt%, at least 0.09 wt%, at least 0.1 wt%, at least 0.2 wt%, at least 0.3 wt%, at least 0.4 wt%, at least 0.5 wt%, at least 0.6 wt%, at least 0.7 wt%, at least 0.8 wt%, at least 0.9 wt%, at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 3 wt%, at least 4 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 11 wt%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 16 wt%, at least 17 wt%, at least 18 wt%, at least 19 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 21 wt%, at least 22 wt%, at least 23 wt%, at least 24 wt% or at least 25 wt%. In some embodiments, the extender is present in an amount of not more than 30 wt%, not more than 25 wt%, not more than 24 wt%, not more than 23 wt%, not more than 22 wt%, not more than 21 wt%, not more than 20 wt%, not more than 19 wt%, not more than 18 wt%, not more than 17 wt%, not more than 16 wt%, not more than 15 wt%, not more than 14 wt%, not more than 13 wt%, not more than 12 wt%, not more than 11 wt%, not more than 10 wt%, not more than 9 wt%, not more than 8 wt%, not more than 7 wt%, not more than 6 wt%, not more than 5 wt%, not more than 4 wt%, not more than 3 wt%, not more than 2 wt% or not more than 1 wt%.

[0135] In some embodiments, the extender is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, from about 1 wt% to about 5 wt%, from about 5 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 8 wt% to about 20 wt%, from about 0.05 wt% to about 3 wt%, or from about 0.5 wt% to about 8 wt%. In some embodiments, the extender is present in an amount that falls within another range that begins at no less than about 0.01 wt% and ends at no greater than about 30 wt%.

[0136] In some embodiments, the extender is selected from marble white, granular calcium carbonate, kaolin, kaolinite, Imerys talc, Grace SYLOWHITE TM, kaolin, limestone powder, hydrated lime, asbestos, fuller's earth, and / or any mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the extender is marble white pigment. In some embodiments, the extender is ground calcium carbonate. In some embodiments, the extender is any extender suitable for preparing an asphalt-based composition, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. See, for example, Kallas et al., 1962, "Mineral Fillers in Asphalt Paving Mixtures", Highway Research Board Bulletin, 329:6-29; and Remisova, 2015, "Study of mineral filler effect on asphalt mixtures properties", Bituminous Mixtures & Pavements VI, doi:10.1201 / b18538-9, each of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0137] Generally, extenders are also referred to herein as fillers. Thus, in some embodiments, the extender comprises any material suitable for use as a filler in an asphalt-based composition, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. In some embodiments, the extender comprises a material that is similar or identical in type to the material of one or more other components (e.g., aggregate, sand, etc.) used in an asphalt-based sealcoat composition. For example, in some embodiments, the extender comprises limestone powder. In some embodiments, the extender comprises diatomaceous earth.

[0138] In some embodiments, the extender comprises a mixture of materials. For example, in some embodiments, the extender comprises a material selected from marble white pigment, ground calcium carbonate, kaolin, kaolinite, Imerys talc, Grace SYLOWHITE TM, two or more types of materials such as Burgess Pigment Company kaolin, limestone powder, hydrated lime, asbestos, and / or bleaching earth. In some embodiments, the extender comprises two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, or twenty or more types of materials. In some embodiments, the extender comprises a mixture of materials, one or more of which are similar or identical in type to the materials of one or more other components (e.g., aggregates, sand, etc.) used in the asphalt-based sealcoat composition.

[0139] In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of extenders, each type of extender among the multiple types of extenders is present in the amounts (e.g., weight percentages) disclosed herein. In some such embodiments, each type of extender among the multiple types of extenders is present in the same amount (e.g., weight percentage) relative to the composition. In some such embodiments, two or more types of extenders among the multiple types of extenders are present in different amounts (e.g., weight percentages) relative to the composition. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of extenders, the amount of extender present in the composition (e.g., as disclosed herein) represents the total amount of extender among the multiple types of extenders.

[0140] Extenders can be used to supplement other components and materials in the asphalt-based sealcoat composition, thus advantageously reducing the total cost of the composition. For example, in some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition comprises a lower proportion by weight of TiO 2 particles, and the compositional difference is made up by including additional extender.

[0141] Any extender and / or filler suitable for preparing an asphalt-based composition can be expected to be used in the compositions of the present disclosure in the amounts disclosed herein, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0142] Fibers

[0143] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition comprises fibers. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition does not comprise fibers.

[0144] In some embodiments, the composition further comprises fibers present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%. In some embodiments, the fibers are present in an amount of from about 0.3 wt% to about 3 wt%. In some embodiments, the fibers are present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt% to about 2 wt%. In some embodiments, the fibers are present in an amount of about 0.6 wt%.

[0145] In some embodiments, the fibers are present in an amount of at least 0.01 wt%, at least 0.02 wt%, at least 0.03 wt%, at least 0.04 wt%, at least 0.05 wt%, at least 0.06 wt%, at least 0.07 wt%, at least 0.08 wt%, at least 0.09 wt%, at least 0.1 wt%, at least 0.2 wt%, at least 0.3 wt%, at least 0.4 wt%, at least 0.5 wt%, at least 0.6 wt%, at least 0.7 wt%, at least 0.8 wt%, at least 0.9 wt%, at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 3 wt%, at least 4 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 11 wt%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 16 wt%, at least 17 wt%, at least 18 wt%, at least 19 wt% or at least 20 wt%. In some embodiments, the fibers are present in an amount of not more than 25 wt%, not more than 24 wt%, not more than 23 wt%, not more than 22 wt%, not more than 21 wt%, not more than 20 wt%, not more than 19 wt%, not more than 18 wt%, not more than 17 wt%, not more than 16 wt%, not more than 15 wt%, not more than 14 wt%, not more than 13 wt%, not more than 12 wt%, not more than 11 wt%, not more than 10 wt%, not more than 9 wt%, not more than 8 wt%, not more than 7 wt%, not more than 6 wt%, not more than 5 wt%, not more than 4 wt%, not more than 3 wt%, not more than 2 wt%, not more than 1 wt%, not more than 0.9 wt%, not more than 0.8 wt%, not more than 0.7 wt%, not more than 0.6 wt% or not more than 0.5 wt%.

[0146] In some embodiments, the fibers are present in an amount of from about 0.05 wt% to about 5 wt%, from about 0.1 wt% to about 15 wt%, from about 0.2 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 0.3 wt% to about 2 wt%, from about 0.4 wt% to about 1 wt%, or from about 0.5 wt% to about 3 wt%. In some embodiments, the fibers are present in an amount that falls within another range starting at no less than about 0.01 wt% and ending at no greater than about 25 wt%.

[0147] In some embodiments, the fiber is basalt fiber, Kevlar, cellulose fiber, glass fiber, lignin fiber, polyester fiber, asbestos fiber, carbon fiber, and / or diatomite fiber. In some embodiments, the fiber is a polymer fiber (e.g., polyvinyl fiber and / or polypropylene fiber). For example, in some embodiments, the fiber is any fiber suitable for preparing an asphalt-based composition, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. See, e.g., Guo et al., "Evaluation of the Effect of Fiber Type, Length, and Content on Asphalt Properties and Asphalt Mixture Performance", Materials (Basel), 2020; 13(7): 1556, doi: 10.3390 / ma13071556, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0148] In some embodiments, the fiber is recycled paper or fabric.

[0149] In some embodiments, the fiber comprises a mixture of materials. For example, in some embodiments, the fiber comprises two or more types of materials selected from basalt fiber, Kevlar, cellulose fiber, glass fiber, lignin fiber, polyester fiber, asbestos fiber, carbon fiber, and / or diatomite fiber. In some embodiments, the fiber comprises two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, or twenty or more types of materials.

[0150] In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of fibers, each type of fiber in the multiple types of fibers is present in the amounts (e.g., weight percentages) disclosed herein. In some such embodiments, each type of fiber in the multiple types of fibers is present in the same amount (e.g., weight percentage) relative to the composition. In some such embodiments, two or more types of fibers in the multiple types of fibers are present in different amounts (e.g., weight percentages) relative to the composition. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of fibers, the amount of fiber present in the composition (e.g., as disclosed herein) represents the total amount of fiber in the multiple types of fibers.

[0151] Advantageously, as described above, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition has a thick and / or creamy consistency that is at least partially attributable to the fibers. In some embodiments, the fibers increase the stability of the composition during storage and transportation, as well as the ease and efficacy with which the asphalt-based sealcoat composition can be applied to a surface. In particular, the fibers in solution can impart non-Newtonian properties to the article, allowing the composition to flow like a liquid under stress and return to a solid-like state after the force is released. Thus, in some embodiments, the fibers impart both "dry" properties (e.g., tensile resistance, formation of a clumpy structure in the sealcoat to improve durability, etc.) and "wet" properties to the composition. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition is stable during storage (e.g., in a container such as a tank), during application (e.g., via pumping, squeegeeing, or spraying), and after application (e.g., when drying on a surface). In other words, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition is capable of behaving like a solid under low shear forces or minimal external forces (e.g., such that it does not run off the road into the sewer), while behaving like a liquid under some mechanical forces, thereby allowing it to flow during application, e.g., in order to be sprayed or pumped. In some embodiments, the improved stability and applicatorability are partially attributable to the inclusion of fibers in the asphalt-based sealcoat composition.

[0152] aggregate

[0153] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition includes aggregate. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition does not include aggregate.

[0154] In some embodiments, the composition further includes aggregate present in an amount from about 0.1 wt% to about 25 wt%. In some embodiments, the aggregate is present in an amount from about 0.5 wt% to about 20 wt%. In some embodiments, the aggregate is present in an amount from about 0.9 wt% to about 15 wt%. In some embodiments, the aggregate is present in an amount of about 7.3 wt%. In some embodiments, the aggregate is present in an amount of about 7 wt%. In some embodiments, the aggregate is present in an amount of about 6.7 wt%.

[0155] In some embodiments, the aggregate is present in an amount of at least 0.01 wt%, at least 0.02 wt%, at least 0.03 wt%, at least 0.04 wt%, at least 0.05 wt%, at least 0.06 wt%, at least 0.07 wt%, at least 0.08 wt%, at least 0.09 wt%, at least 0.1 wt%, at least 0.2 wt%, at least 0.3 wt%, at least 0.4 wt%, at least 0.5 wt%, at least 0.6 wt%, at least 0.7 wt%, at least 0.8 wt%, at least 0.9 wt%, at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 3 wt%, at least 4 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 11 wt%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 16 wt%, at least 17 wt%, at least 18 wt%, at least 19 wt%, at least 20 wt%, at least 21 wt%, at least 22 wt%, at least 23 wt%, at least 24 wt%, at least 25 wt%, at least 26 wt%, at least 27 wt%, at least 28 wt%, at least 29 wt%, at least 30 wt%, at least 35 wt%, at least 40 wt%, or at least 50 wt%. In some embodiments, the aggregate is present in an amount of no more than 60 wt%, no more than 50 wt%, no more than 40 wt%, no more than 30 wt%, no more than 25 wt%, no more than 24 wt%, no more than 23 wt%, no more than 22 wt%, no more than 21 wt%, no more than 20 wt%, no more than 19 wt%, no more than 18 wt%, no more than 17 wt%, no more than 16 wt%, no more than 15 wt%, no more than 14 wt%, no more than 13 wt%, no more than 12 wt%, no more than 11 wt%, no more than 10 wt%, no more than 9 wt%, no more than 8 wt%, no more than 7 wt%, no more than 6 wt%, or no more than 5 wt%.

[0156] In some embodiments, the aggregate is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%, from about 1 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 5 wt% to about 15 wt%, from about 3 wt% to about 20 wt%, from about 0.05 wt% to about 25 wt%, or from about 10 wt% to about 60 wt%. In some embodiments, the aggregate is present in an amount that falls within another range that starts at no less than about 0.01 wt% and ends at no greater than about 60 wt%.

[0157] In some embodiments, the aggregate is selected from slate, baghouse fines (rock dust), fly ash, silica sand, silica flour, calcium carbonate, clay, paper fiber, fiberglass fiber, limestone aggregate, copper slag, iron slag, steel slag, alumina, recycled roofing shingles, shredded leather, shredded rubber, nylon lint, plastic lint, glass beads, granite aggregate, shredded tire rubber, ground tennis balls, recycled cardboard, recycled glass, wood chips, wood fiber, walnut shells, apricot shells, pecan shells, corn cobs, rice hulls, crushed stone, pumice, basalt aggregate, perlite, vermiculite, marble white, melamine, urea, calcined bauxite, and / or any mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the aggregate is slate. In some embodiments, the aggregate is limestone aggregate. For example, in some embodiments, the aggregate is any aggregate suitable for preparing an asphalt-based composition, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. See, for example, the “Asphalt Paving Design Guide” of the Iowa Asphalt Paving Association, which is available on the Internet at apai.net / Files / content / DesignGuide / AsphaltCompositeSmFst.pdf; “Fillers, Fibers, and Powders” of Composition Materials Co., Inc., which is available on the Internet at compomat.com / additional-fillers-extenders / ; “Aluminum Oxide Abrasive” of Composition Materials Co., Inc., which is available on the Internet at compomat.com / aluminum-oxide-abrasive / ; “Bio-Based Fillers” of Composition Materials Co., Inc., which is available on the Internet at compomat.com / bio-based-fillers / ; and “Recycled Fillers” of Composition Materials Co., Inc., which is available on the Internet at compomat.com / plastic-media-fillers / .

[0158] In some embodiments, the aggregate comprises materials that are similar or identical in type to the materials of one or more other components (e.g., extenders, sand, etc.) used in the asphalt-based sealcoat composition. For example, in some embodiments, the aggregate comprises limestone aggregate.

[0159] In some embodiments, the aggregate comprises a mixture of materials. For example, in some embodiments, the aggregate comprises two or more types of materials selected from slate, baghouse fines (rock dust), fly ash, silica sand, silica, calcium carbonate, clay, paper fibers, fiberglass fibers, limestone aggregate, copper slag, iron slag, steel slag, alumina, recycled roof tiles, shredded leather, shredded rubber, nylon lint, plastic lint, glass beads, granite aggregate, shredded tire rubber, ground tennis balls, recycled cardboard, recycled glass, wood chips, wood fibers, walnut shells, apricot shells, pecan shells, corn cobs, rice husks, crushed stone, pumice, basalt aggregate, perlite, vermiculite, marble white, melamine, urea, calcined bauxite, and / or any mixture thereof. In some embodiments, the aggregate is a mixture of materials, one or more of which are similar or identical in type to the materials of one or more other components (e.g., extenders, sand, etc.) used in the asphalt-based sealant coating composition. In some embodiments, the aggregate comprises two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, ten or more, eleven or more, twelve or more, thirteen or more, fourteen or more, fifteen or more, or twenty or more types of aggregate.

[0160] In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of aggregate, each type of aggregate among the multiple types of aggregate is present in the amounts (e.g., weight percentages) disclosed herein. In some such embodiments, each type of aggregate among the multiple types of aggregate is present in the same amount (e.g., weight percentage) relative to the composition. In some such embodiments, two or more types of aggregate among the multiple types of aggregate are present in different amounts (e.g., weight percentages) relative to the composition. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of aggregate, the amount of aggregate present in the composition (e.g., as disclosed herein) represents the total amount of aggregate among the multiple types of aggregate.

[0161] Advantageously, in some embodiments, the aggregate comprises materials having anti-slip properties. For example, in some embodiments, the aggregate comprises materials that impart improved anti-slip properties to the asphalt-based sealant coating. For example, calcined bauxite can be used for asphalt-based high friction surface treatment (HFST) for problematic turns and slopes. Additional materials that impart anti-slip properties to the asphalt-based sealant coating are further disclosed herein (see, e.g., the section entitled "Sand" above).

[0162] In some embodiments, the aggregate is selected based on the ability to increase or decrease the hardness of the asphalt-based sealant coating. For example, harder aggregates will impart increased hardness to the asphalt-based sealant coating.

[0163] Biocide

[0164] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition comprises a biocide. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition does not comprise a biocide.

[0165] In some embodiments, the biocide is present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%. In some embodiments, the biocide is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt% to about 2 wt%. In some embodiments, the biocide is present in an amount of about 0.3 wt%. In some embodiments, the biocide is present in an amount of about 0.2 wt%.

[0166] In some embodiments, the biocide is present in an amount of at least 0.01 wt%, at least 0.02 wt%, at least 0.03 wt%, at least 0.04 wt%, at least 0.05 wt%, at least 0.06 wt%, at least 0.07 wt%, at least 0.08 wt%, at least 0.09 wt%, at least 0.1 wt%, at least 0.2 wt%, at least 0.3 wt%, at least 0.4 wt%, at least 0.5 wt%, at least 0.6 wt%, at least 0.7 wt%, at least 0.8 wt%, at least 0.9 wt%, at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 3 wt%, at least 4 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt%, or at least 10 wt%. In some embodiments, the biocide is present in an amount of no more than 15 wt%, no more than 10 wt%, no more than 5 wt%, no more than 4 wt%, no more than 3 wt%, no more than 2 wt%, no more than 1 wt%, no more than 0.9 wt%, no more than 0.8 wt%, no more than 0.7 wt%, no more than 0.6 wt%, no more than 0.5 wt%, no more than 0.4 wt%, no more than 0.3 wt%, no more than 0.2 wt%, or no more than 0.1 wt%.

[0167] In some embodiments, the biocide is present in an amount of from about 0.05 wt% to about 5 wt%, from about 0.1 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 0.2 wt% to about 1 wt%, from about 0.1 wt% to about 2 wt%, from about 0.01 wt% to about 15 wt%, or from about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt%. In some embodiments, the biocide is present in an amount that falls within another range that starts at no less than about 0.01 wt% and ends at no more than about 15 wt%.

[0168] In some embodiments, the biocide comprises a single type of biocide. In some embodiments, the biocide comprises multiple types of biocides. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of biocides, each type of biocide among the multiple types of biocides is present in the amounts (e.g., weight percentages) disclosed herein. In some such embodiments, each type of biocide among the multiple types of biocides is present in the same amount (e.g., weight percentage) relative to the composition. In some such embodiments, two or more types of biocides among the multiple types of biocides are present in different amounts (e.g., weight percentages) relative to the composition. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of biocides, the amount of biocide present in the composition (e.g., as disclosed herein) represents the total amount of biocide among the multiple types of biocides.

[0169] Dispersant

[0170] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition comprises a dispersant. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition does not comprise a dispersant.

[0171] In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt%. In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0.03 wt% to about 3 wt%. In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0.05 wt% to about 1 wt%. In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of about 0.07 wt%. In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of about 0.2 wt%.

[0172] In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of at least 0.001 wt%, at least 0.002 wt%, at least 0.003 wt%, at least 0.004 wt%, at least 0.005 wt%, at least 0.006 wt%, at least 0.007 wt%, at least 0.008 wt%, at least 0.009 wt%, at least 0.01 wt%, at least 0.02 wt%, at least 0.03 wt%, at least 0.04 wt%, at least 0.05 wt%, at least 0.06 wt%, at least 0.07 wt%, at least 0.08 wt%, at least 0.09 wt%, at least 0.1 wt%, at least 0.2 wt%, at least 0.3 wt%, at least 0.4 wt%, at least 0.5 wt%, at least 0.6 wt%, at least 0.7 wt%, at least 0.8 wt%, at least 0.9 wt%, at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 3 wt%, at least 4 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 11 wt%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt% or at least 15 wt%.

[0173] In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of no more than 20 wt%, no more than 15 wt%, no more than 10 wt%, no more than 9 wt%, no more than 8 wt%, no more than 7 wt%, no more than 6 wt%, no more than 5 wt%, no more than 4 wt%, no more than 3 wt%, no more than 2 wt%, no more than 1 wt%, no more than 0.9 wt%, no more than 0.8 wt%, no more than 0.7 wt%, no more than 0.6 wt%, no more than 0.5 wt%, no more than 0.4 wt%, no more than 0.3 wt%, no more than 0.2 wt%, no more than 0.1 wt%, no more than 0.09 wt%, no more than 0.08 wt%, no more than 0.07 wt%, no more than 0.06 wt%, no more than 0.05 wt%, no more than 0.04 wt%, no more than 0.03 wt%, no more than 0.02 wt% or no more than 0.01 wt%.

[0174] In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0.05 wt% to about 5 wt%, from about 0.1 wt% to about 15 wt%, from about 0.2 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 0.001 wt% to about 2 wt%, from about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt%, from about 0.05 wt% to about 0.1 wt%, from about 0.03 wt% to about 0.5 wt%, or from about 0.5 wt% to about 3 wt%. In some embodiments, the dispersant is present in an amount that falls within another range that starts at no less than about 0.001 wt% and ends at no greater than about 20 wt%.

[0175] In some embodiments, the dispersant comprises a single type of dispersant. In some embodiments, the dispersant comprises multiple types of dispersants. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of dispersants, each type of dispersant among the multiple types of dispersants is present in the amounts (e.g., weight percentages) disclosed herein. In some such embodiments, each type of dispersant among the multiple types of dispersants is present in the same amount (e.g., weight percentage) relative to the composition. In some such embodiments, two or more types of dispersants among the multiple types of dispersants are present in different amounts (e.g., weight percentages) relative to the composition. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of dispersants, the amount of dispersant present in the composition (e.g., as disclosed herein) represents the total amount of dispersant among the multiple types of dispersants.

[0176] In some embodiments, the dispersant is used to disperse pigments in the composition (e.g., infrared reflective pigments as described elsewhere herein; see, for example, the section entitled "Reflectivity of Asphalt-Based Sealant Compositions" below). In some embodiments, the dispersant is used to disperse TiO 2 in the composition. In some embodiments, the dispersant is mixed with the pigment (e.g., IR reflective pigment) to disperse the pigment (e.g., homogenize) before adding the dispersant and the pigment to the composition. In some embodiments, the dispersant is mixed with TiO 2 particles to disperse the TiO 2 particles (e.g., homogenize) before adding the dispersant and the TiO 2 particles to the composition.

[0177] In some embodiments, the dispersant contributes to the stability of the composition. For example, in some embodiments, the dispersant is used to stabilize asphalt emulsions. In some embodiments, stabilization advantageously allows for a wider variety of asphalt sources, improved product stability, and better control of drying and reaction. In some embodiments, the dispersant contributes to the pH stability of the composition.

[0178] In some embodiments, the dispersant is selected from polyacrylic acid, copolymers, polyurethanes, polyacrylates, star-shaped dispersant polymers, block copolymers, controlled free radical polymerization (CFRP) products, and amines. In some embodiments, the dispersant is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. For example, in some embodiments, the dispersant is any dispersant suitable for preparing asphalt-based compositions, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

[0179] In some embodiments, the dispersant is selected based on the properties of the pigments (e.g., IR - reflecting pigments) to be dispersed throughout the composition. For example, the recommended type of dispersant can depend on the surface properties of the desired pigments. In some embodiments, different dispersants can exhibit different levels of effectiveness for different pigments. Thus, in some embodiments, the dispersant contains phenyl or naphthyl groups, acidic groups (e.g., phosphates, carboxyls, and / or sulfates), and / or nitrogen.

[0180] Plasticizer

[0181] In some embodiments, the asphalt - based sealant coating composition contains a plasticizer. In some embodiments, the asphalt - based sealant coating composition does not contain a plasticizer.

[0182] In some embodiments, the plasticizer is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt% to about 20 wt%. In some embodiments, the plasticizer is present in an amount of from about 0.5 wt% to about 10 wt%. In some embodiments, the plasticizer is present in an amount of from about 1 wt% to about 5 wt%. In some embodiments, the plasticizer is present in an amount of about 1.5 wt%.

[0183] In some embodiments, the plasticizer is present in an amount of at least 0.01 wt%, at least 0.02 wt%, at least 0.03 wt%, at least 0.04 wt%, at least 0.05 wt%, at least 0.06 wt%, at least 0.07 wt%, at least 0.08 wt%, at least 0.09 wt%, at least 0.1 wt%, at least 0.2 wt%, at least 0.3 wt%, at least 0.4 wt%, at least 0.5 wt%, at least 0.6 wt%, at least 0.7 wt%, at least 0.8 wt%, at least 0.9 wt%, at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 3 wt%, at least 4 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 11 wt%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 16 wt%, at least 17 wt%, at least 18 wt%, at least 19 wt%, or at least 20 wt%. In some embodiments, the plasticizer is present in an amount not exceeding 25 wt%, not exceeding 24 wt%, not exceeding 23 wt%, not exceeding 22 wt%, not exceeding 21 wt%, not exceeding 20 wt%, not exceeding 19 wt%, not exceeding 18 wt%, not exceeding 17 wt%, not exceeding 16 wt%, not exceeding 15 wt%, not exceeding 14 wt%, not exceeding 13 wt%, not exceeding 12 wt%, not exceeding 11 wt%, not exceeding 10 wt%, not exceeding 9 wt%, not exceeding 8 wt%, not exceeding 7 wt%, not exceeding 6 wt%, not exceeding 5 wt%, not exceeding 4 wt%, not exceeding 3 wt%, not exceeding 2 wt%, not exceeding 1 wt%, not exceeding 0.9 wt%, not exceeding 0.8 wt%, not exceeding 0.7 wt%, not exceeding 0.6 wt%, or not exceeding 0.5 wt%.

[0184] In some embodiments, the plasticizer is present in an amount of from about 0.05 wt% to about 5 wt%, from about 0.1 wt% to about 15 wt%, from about 0.2 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 0.3 wt% to about 2 wt%, from about 0.4 wt% to about 1 wt%, or from about 0.5 wt% to about 3 wt%. In some embodiments, the plasticizer is present in an amount that falls within another range that begins at no less than about 0.01 wt% and ends at no greater than about 25 wt%.

[0185] In some embodiments, the plasticizer is selected from low molecular weight phthalates, high molecular weight phthalates, trimellitates, adipates, sebacates, glyceryl triacetate, alkyl citrates, azelates, dibenzoates, terephthalates, gluterates, organophosphates, polycarboxylate ethers, polycarboxylates, sulfonated naphthalene condensates, and sulfonated melamine formaldehyde. In some embodiments, the plasticizer is a low volatile organic compound (VOC) plasticizer.

[0186] In some embodiments, the plasticizer is any plasticizer suitable for preparing an asphalt-based composition, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. For example, low molecular weight phthalates include, but are not limited to, diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP), and / or bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). High molecular weight phthalates include, but are not limited to, diisononyl phthalate (DINP), bis(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP), diisoundecyl phthalate (DIUP), and / or ditridecyl phthalate (DTDP). Trimellitates include, but are not limited to, tris(2-ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TEHTM) (TOTM), tris(isononyl) trimellitate (TINTM), tris(isodecyl) trimellitate (TIDTM), and / or tris(isotridecyl) trimellitate (TITDTM).

[0187] In some embodiments, the plasticizer comprises a single type of plasticizer. In some embodiments, the plasticizer comprises multiple types of plasticizers. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of plasticizers, each type of plasticizer among the multiple types of plasticizers is present in the amounts (e.g., weight percentages) disclosed herein. In some such embodiments, each type of plasticizer among the multiple types of plasticizers is present in the same amount (e.g., weight percentage) relative to the composition. In some such embodiments, two or more types of plasticizers among the multiple types of plasticizers are present in different amounts (e.g., weight percentages) relative to the composition. In some embodiments, where the composition comprises multiple types of plasticizers, the amount of plasticizer present in the composition (e.g., as disclosed herein) represents the total amount of plasticizer among the multiple types of plasticizers.

[0188] In some embodiments, for example, the plasticizer is used to promote softness, plasticity, and / or flexibility, and to reduce the viscosity, friction, and / or brittleness of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition. In some embodiments, the plasticizer reduces the glass transition temperature of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition. Lower glass transition temperatures are beneficial because they produce more elastomeric rubber-like articles that have increased resistance to mechanical stresses (e.g., cracking, elongation, fracture, and / or general film defects). This advantageously improves the ease with which the asphalt-based sealant coating composition forms a consistent film during drying.

[0189] Stain-resistant additive

[0190] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition further comprises a stain-resistant additive. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition does not comprise a stain-resistant additive.

[0191] In some embodiments, the stain-resistant additive is present in an amount of at least 0.01 wt%, at least 0.02 wt%, at least 0.03 wt%, at least 0.04 wt%, at least 0.05 wt%, at least 0.06 wt%, at least 0.07 wt%, at least 0.08 wt%, at least 0.09 wt%, at least 0.1 wt%, at least 0.2 wt%, at least 0.3 wt%, at least 0.4 wt%, at least 0.5 wt%, at least 0.6 wt%, at least 0.7 wt%, at least 0.8 wt%, at least 0.9 wt%, at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 3 wt%, at least 4 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt%, at least 10 wt%, at least 11 wt%, at least 12 wt%, at least 13 wt%, at least 14 wt%, at least 15 wt%, at least 16 wt%, at least 17 wt%, at least 18 wt%, at least 19 wt% or at least 20 wt%. In some embodiments, the stain-resistant additive is present in an amount of no more than 25 wt%, no more than 24 wt%, no more than 23 wt%, no more than 22 wt%, no more than 21 wt%, no more than 20 wt%, no more than 19 wt%, no more than 18 wt%, no more than 17 wt%, no more than 16 wt%, no more than 15 wt%, no more than 14 wt%, no more than 13 wt%, no more than 12 wt%, no more than 11 wt%, no more than 10 wt%, no more than 9 wt%, no more than 8 wt%, no more than 7 wt%, no more than 6 wt%, no more than 5 wt%, no more than 4 wt%, no more than 3 wt%, no more than 2 wt%, no more than 1 wt%, no more than 0.9 wt%, no more than 0.8 wt%, no more than 0.7 wt%, no more than 0.6 wt% or no more than 0.5 wt%.

[0192] In some embodiments, the stain-resistant additive is present in an amount of from about 0.05 wt% to about 5 wt%, from about 0.1 wt% to about 15 wt%, from about 0.2 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 0.3 wt% to about 2 wt%, from about 0.4 wt% to about 1 wt%, or from about 0.5 wt% to about 3 wt%. In some embodiments, the stain-resistant additive is present in an amount that falls within another range starting at no less than about 0.01 wt% and ending at no more than about 25 wt%.

[0193] In some embodiments, the stain-resistant additive is colloidal silica. In some embodiments, the stain-resistant additive is methyl benzoylbenzoate (MBB). Suitable embodiments of stain-resistant additives that are expected to be useful in the present disclosure are further disclosed, for example, in U.S. Patent Application No. US16 / 910,743, filed June 24, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0194] The compositions and various components disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting. For example, substitutions, modifications, additions, subtractions, and / or combinations with any suitable components of the asphalt-based sealcoat composition can be made to any of the compositions provided herein, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Additional embodiments that are expected to be useful for asphalt-based sealcoat compositions and their components are further described, for example, in International Application No. PCT / US2018 / 066431, filed December 19, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 608,881, filed December 21, 2017, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0195] IV. Reflectivity of Asphalt-Based Sealcoat Compositions

[0196] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to an asphalt-based sealcoat composition having a high degree of solar reflectivity. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has a solar reflectance number (SR#) of at least about 0.10. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has a solar reflectance number (SR#) of at least about 0.15. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has an SR# of at least about 0.20. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has an SR# of at least about 0.30. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has an SR# of at least about 0.33. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat has an SR# of at least about 0.35.

[0197] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SR# of at least about 0.10, at least about 0.11, at least about 0.12, at least about 0.13, at least about 0.14, at least about 0.15, at least about 0.16, at least about 0.17, at least about 0.18, at least about 0.19, at least about 0.20, at least about 0.21, at least about 0.22, at least about 0.23, at least about 0.24, at least about 0.25, at least about 0.26, at least about 0.27, at least about 0.28, at least about 0.29, at least about 0.30, at least about 0.31, at least about 0.32, at least about 0.33, at least about 0.34, at least about 0.35, at least about 0.36, at least about 0.37, at least about 0.38, at least about 0.39, at least about 0.40, at least about 0.41, at least about 0.42, at least about 0.43, at least about 0.44, at least about 0.45, at least about 0.46, at least about 0.47, at least about 0.48, at least about 0.49, at least about 0.50, at least about 0.55, at least about 0.60, at least about 0.65, or at least about 0.70.

[0198] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SR# of from about 0.20 to about 0.60. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SR# of from about 0.10 to about 0.45, from about 0.20 to about 0.40, from about 0.25 to about 0.38, from about 0.30 to about 0.36, from about 0.30 to about 0.50, from about 0.35 to about 0.45, from about 0.42 to about 0.50, or from about 0.45 to about 0.65. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SR# that falls within another range starting at no less than 0.10 and ending at no more than 0.70.

[0199] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has a solar reflectance index (SRI#) of at least about 10. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of at least about 20. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of at least about 30. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of at least about 33. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of about 35.

[0200] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of at least about 10, at least about 11, at least about 12, at least about 13, at least about 14, at least about 15, at least about 16, at least about 17, at least about 18, at least about 19, at least about 20, at least about 21, at least about 22, at least about 23, at least about 24, at least about 25, at least about 26, at least about 27, at least about 28, at least about 29, at least about 30, at least about 31, at least about 32, at least about 33, at least about 34, at least about 35, at least about 36, at least about 37, at least about 38, at least about 39, at least about 40, at least about 41, at least about 42, at least about 43, at least about 44, at least about 45, at least about 46, at least about 47, at least about 48, at least about 49, at least about 50, at least about 55, at least about 60, at least about 65, or at least about 70.

[0201] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of from about 20 to about 60. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of from about 10 to about 45, from about 20 to about 40, from about 25 to about 38, from about 30 to about 36, from about 30 to about 50, from about 35 to about 45, from about 42 to about 50, or from about 45 to about 65. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# that falls within another range starting at no less than 10 and ending at no greater than 70.

[0202] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an emissivity of at least about 0.70. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an emissivity of at least about 0.80. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an emissivity of at least about 0.90. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an emissivity of at least about 0.92. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an emissivity of about 0.92. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an emissivity of from about 0.70 to about 0.99.

[0203] In some embodiments, compared to asphalt not treated with the asphalt-based sealant coating composition, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition reduces the surface temperature of the asphalt treated with the asphalt-based sealant coating composition.

[0204] In some embodiments, the reflectivity of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition is determined using a pyrometer at different times over a two-month period in accordance with ASTM E1918-16, Standard Test Method for Measuring Solar Reflectance of Horizontal and Low-Sloped Surfaces in the Field, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, www.astm.org. Since the position and angle of the sun change during these times, this allows for the measurement of multiple different areas within the test section of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition.

[0205] In some embodiments, the reflectivity and thermal emittance of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition are determined by passing the central portion of a section of the composition through ASTM C 1549 (ASTM C1549-16, “Standard Test Method for Determination of Solar Reflectance Near Ambient Temperature Using a Portable Solar Reflectometer,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2016, www.astm.org) and ASTM C1371 (ASTM C1371-15, “Standard Test Method for Determination of Emittance of Materials Near Room Temperature Using Portable Emissometers,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2015, www.astm.org), respectively. The SRI value can then be calculated in accordance with ASTM E1980-11 (“Standard Practice for Calculating Solar Reflectance Index of Horizontal and Low-Sloped Opaque Surfaces,” ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2001, www.astm.org).

[0206] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition uses a small amount of TiO2 The granules simultaneously have an SRI# that meets the LEED requirements. Further details regarding the LEED requirements are disclosed, for example, in "LEED ND: Plan v4 - LEED v4 Heat island reduction," which is available on the Internet from usgbc.org / credits / neighborhood - development - plan - neighborhood - development / v4 - draft / gibc - 9 and is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. As described above, TiO 2 The reduction in the amount of the granules can be supplemented with low - cost materials such as extenders and / or fillers.

[0207] In some such embodiments, the asphalt - based sealcoat composition advantageously reduces the cost of the sealcoat composition while maintaining a high solar reflectance, and thus reduces the surface temperature of the asphalt treated with the asphalt - based sealcoat composition compared to asphalt not treated with the asphalt - based sealcoat composition. Thus, in some embodiments, the asphalt - based sealcoat composition comprises TiO 2 granules present in an amount of no more than 30 wt%, and has an SRI# of at least 30. In some embodiments, the asphalt - based sealcoat composition comprises TiO 2 granules present in an amount of no more than 20 wt%, and has an SRI# of at least 33. In some embodiments, the asphalt - based sealcoat composition comprises TiO 2 granules present in an amount of no more than 15 wt%, and has an SRI# of at least 35.

[0208] In some embodiments, the asphalt - based sealcoat composition comprises TiO 2 granules present in an amount of no more than 35 wt%, no more than 30 wt%, no more than 25 wt%, no more than 20 wt% or no more than 15 wt%, and has an SRI# of at least 23, at least 25, at least 30, at least 33 or at least 35. In an exemplary embodiment, the asphalt - based sealcoat composition comprises TiO 2 granules present in an amount of about 10 wt%, and has an SRI# of about 38.

[0209] In some embodiments, the asphalt - based sealcoat composition further comprises a pigment. In some embodiments, the pigment is present in an amount of about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%. In some embodiments, the pigment is present in an amount of about 0.05 wt% to about 1 wt%. In some embodiments, the pigment is present in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt%.

[0210] In some embodiments, the pigment is present in an amount of at least 0.01 wt%, at least 0.02 wt%, at least 0.03 wt%, at least 0.04 wt%, at least 0.05 wt%, at least 0.06 wt%, at least 0.07 wt%, at least 0.08 wt%, at least 0.09 wt%, at least 0.1 wt%, at least 0.2 wt%, at least 0.3 wt%, at least 0.4 wt%, at least 0.5 wt%, at least 0.6 wt%, at least 0.7 wt%, at least 0.8 wt%, at least 0.9 wt%, at least 1 wt%, at least 2 wt%, at least 3 wt%, at least 4 wt%, at least 5 wt%, at least 6 wt%, at least 7 wt%, at least 8 wt%, at least 9 wt% or at least 10 wt%. In some embodiments, the pigment is present in an amount of not more than 15 wt%, not more than 14 wt%, not more than 13 wt%, not more than 12 wt%, not more than 11 wt%, not more than 10 wt%, not more than 9 wt%, not more than 8 wt%, not more than 7 wt%, not more than 6 wt%, not more than 5 wt%, not more than 4 wt%, not more than 3 wt%, not more than 2 wt%, not more than 1 wt%, not more than 0.9 wt%, not more than 0.8 wt%, not more than 0.7 wt%, not more than 0.6 wt% or not more than 0.5 wt%. In some embodiments, the pigment is present in an amount of from about 0.05 wt% to about 5 wt%, from about 1 wt% to about 5 wt%, from about 0.2 wt% to about 10 wt%, from about 0.3 wt% to about 2 wt%, from about 0.4 wt% to about 1 wt%, or from about 0.5 wt% to about 3 wt%. In some embodiments, the pigment is present in an amount that falls within another range that begins at no less than about 0.01 wt% and ends at no greater than about 15 wt%.

[0211] Generally, a pigment refers to an inorganic or organic colorant that has little or no solubility in most application media (e.g., compositions). For example, in some embodiments, an organic pigment comprises a carbon-based synthetic material and can be derived from petrochemicals. Generally, organic pigments are unstable at high temperatures and have partial solubility in strong solvents but are insoluble in water. In some embodiments, an inorganic pigment comprises metal salts and oxides (e.g., natural and / or synthetic), is generally stable at high temperatures, and is insoluble in solvents. Inorganic pigments have a generally stable chemical structure and thus, in some embodiments, are characterized by better weather resistance, dispersibility, and opacity than organic pigments, although they have lower dyeability and coloring strength. Thus, in some embodiments, the pigment is organic or inorganic. In some embodiments, the pigment is opaque or transparent. In some embodiments, the pigment is an inorganic opaque pigment. In some embodiments, the pigment is an organic transparent pigment. In some embodiments, the pigment is an inorganic transparent pigment. In some embodiments, the pigment is an organic opaque pigment.

[0212] In some embodiments, the pigment has infrared (IR) or near-infrared (NIR) reflectivity. In some embodiments, the pigment is a dark pigment. Thus, in some embodiments, the pigment is an IR-reflective dark pigment. The dark-colored asphalt-based sealant coating composition can be suitably used for various applications where the paving is typically dark, such as roads, parking lots, driveways, and / or roofs. Thus, the dark pigment can provide greater functionality to the asphalt-based sealant coating composition by promoting visual compatibility and consistency after application to an existing paved surface.

[0213] Advantageously, dark pigments have been reported to exhibit high infrared or near-infrared reflectivity in the electromagnetic spectrum. For example, in some embodiments, articles containing IR-reflective dark pigments have been reported to exhibit a level of IR reflectivity comparable to that produced by white-colored articles. See, for example, Miller et al., 2004, “Special Infrared Reflective Pigments Make a Dark Roof Reflect Almost Like a White Roof”, Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Buildings, IX, proceedings of ASHRAE THERM VIII, Clearwater, FL, which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0214] Thus, the presently disclosed compositions and methods include dark-colored asphalt-based sealant coating compositions that maintain a high solar reflectivity and can also be applied in cases where a dark color is preferred. For example, as described above, when applying the sealant coating composition to a paved surface such as a road, playground, parking lot, and / or driveway, it may be desirable to maintain a consistent color or coloring.

[0215] In some embodiments, the pigment is selected from red iron oxide, yellow iron oxide, phthalocyanine blue, perylene black, chromium(III) oxide (Cr 2 O 3 )、iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3) white titanates, yellow titanates, green titanates, brown titanates, brown iron oxides, black iron oxides, mica iron oxides, cadmium orange, cadmium yellow, and chromic iron oxides. In some embodiments, the pigment is chrome green - hematite. In some embodiments, the pigment comprises spherical particles. Alternatively or additionally, in some embodiments, the pigment comprises layered (e.g., flaky) particles. Generally, the layered particles can be used to form a layered structure in which the particles are positioned parallel but offset from each other. Without being bound by any theory of operation, the alternating layers within such a layered structure can impart additional barrier properties against UV and / or corrosion. For example, in some embodiments, the pigment is selected from mica iron oxides, pure aluminum, coated aluminum, interference pigments (e.g., [P03] interference blue, [P04] interference gold, [P05] interference green, [P06] interference orange, [P07] interference red, [P08] interference violet), glass flakes, coated glass flakes, recycled cadmium pigments, crushed cadmium pigments, and / or ground cadmium pigments. See, e.g., Dulx Protective Coatings, 2015, “MIO Coatings–What Are They?” Tech Note 5.2.1, which is available on the Internet from duluxprotectivecoatings.com.au / media / 1464 / 521_mio_coatings-what_are_they.pdf.

[0216] In some embodiments, the pigment comprises any one or more colors selected from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Pigment Database (see, e.g., Levinson et al., Heat Island Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which is available on the Internet from CoolColors.LBL.gov). In some embodiments, the pigment is black and / or brown. In some such embodiments, the pigment is selected from [B01] carbon black, [B02] ivory black, [B03] Copper Chromite Black, [B04] Mars Black, [B05] chromite iron nickel black spinel, [B06] chrome green - black hematite, [B07] chrome green - black hematite modifier (i), [B08] chrome green - black hematite modifier (ii), [B09] chrome green - black hematite modifier (iii), [B10] chromic iron oxide (i), [B11] chromic iron oxide (ii), [B12] perylene black, [B13] burnt umber, [B14] raw umber, [P15] Raw Umber, [B16] iron titanium brown spinel (i), [B17] iron titanium brown spinel (ii), [B18] iron titanium brown spinel (iii), [B19] manganese antimony titanium pale gold rutile, [B20] Zinc Iron Chromite Brown Spinel (ⅰ), and [B21] Zinc Iron Chromite Brown Spinel (ii).

[0217] In some embodiments, the pigment is blue and / or purple. In some such embodiments, the pigment is selected from [U01] cobalt aluminate blue spinel (i), [U02] cobalt aluminate blue spinel (ii), [U03] cobalt aluminate blue spinel (iii), [U04] cobalt aluminate blue, [U05] cobalt blue, [U06] sky blue, [U07] Cobalt Chromite Blue, [U08] cobalt chromite blue - green spinel (i), [U09] cobalt chromite blue - green spinel (ii), [U10] Prussian blue, [U11] French ultramarine blue, [U12] phthalocyanine blue (i), [U13] phthalocyanine blue (ii), and [U14] dioxazine purple.

[0218] In some embodiments, the pigment is green. In some such embodiments, the pigment is selected from [G01] Chrome Green, [G02] Chromium Oxide Green, [G03] Chrome Green - Black Modification, [G04] Cobalt Chromium Blue - Green Spinel (iii), [G05] Cobalt Chromite Green Spinel (i), [G06] Cobalt Chromite Green Spinel (ii), [G07] Cobalt Teal, [G08] Cobalt Titanate Green Spinel (i), [G09] Cobalt Titanate Green Spinel (ii), [G10] Phthalocyanine Green (i) and [G11] Phthalocyanine Green (ii).

[0219] In some embodiments, the pigment is red and / or orange. In some such embodiments, the pigment is selected from [R01] Red Iron Oxide (i), [R02] Red Iron Oxide (ii), [R03] Red Iron Oxide (iii), [R04] Red Oxide, [R05] Cadmium Orange, [R06] Acra Burnt Orange, [R07] Acra Red, [R08] Monastral Red and [R09] Naphthol Red Light.

[0220] In some embodiments, the pigment is yellow. In some such embodiments, the pigment is selected from [Y01] Yellow Oxide, [Y02] Pale Cadmium Yellow, [Y03] Chrome Yellow, [Y04] Chrome Antimony Titanium Pale Golden Rutile (i), [Y05] Chrome Antimony Titanium Pale Golden Rutile (ii), [Y06] Chrome Antimony Titanium Pale Golden Rutile (iii), [Y07] Chromium Titanate Yellow, [Y08] Nickel Antimony Titanium Golden Rutile (i), [Y09] Nickel Antimony Titanium Golden Rutile (ii), [Y10] Nickel Antimony Titanium Golden Rutile (iii), [Y11] Nickel Titanate Yellow, [Y12] Primer, [Y13] Yellow Medium Azo, [Y14] Yellow Orange Azo and Bismuth Vanadate [PY184].

[0221] In some embodiments, the pigment is pearlescent. In some such embodiments, the pigment is selected from [P01] Bright Gold (Pearlescent), [P02] Bright White (Pearlescent), [P03] Interference Blue, [P04] Interference Gold, [P05] Interference Green, [P06] Interference Orange, [P07] Interference Red, [P08] Interference Violet, [P09] Iris White, [P10] Brass (Pearlescent), [P11] Bright Bronze (Pearlescent), [P12] Bright Copper (Pearlescent), [P13] Rich Bronze and [P14] Russet (Pearlescent).

[0222] Pigments suitable for use in the present disclosure are further described, for example, in Levinson et al., 2005, "Solar spectral properties of pigments, or how to design a cool nonwhite coating" (presented at Cool Roofing—Cutting Through the Glare, which is available on the Internet at coolcolors.lbl.gov / assets / docs / OtherTalks / HowToDesignACoolNonwhiteCoating.pdf).

[0223] V. Reducing Atmospheric Pollutants with Asphalt-Based Sealing Coating Compositions

[0224] It has been found that titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles can absorb the ultraviolet component of sunlight and act as a catalyst to form reactive hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the presence of atmospheric moisture. These radicals have been found to oxidize and destroy most pollutant molecules.

[0225] In some embodiments, the present technology is a method for reducing nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and other pollutants with an asphalt-based sealing coating composition that contains a high level of titanium oxide particles. The titanium oxide particles form a photocatalytic layer within the asphalt surface, and when the treated asphalt surface is exposed to ultraviolet light and H 2 O molecules in the air, the photocatalytic layer oxidizes NOx and other pollutants. This process chemically modifies the above pollutants to make them environmentally harmless.

[0226] TiO 2 is a semiconductor material that, when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (such as from sunlight), ejects electrons from the valence band to the conduction band, leaving behind positively charged holes. In the presence of water, such as under atmospheric humidity, these positively charged holes generate hydroxyl radicals as follows:

[0227] OH - +h + →*OH

[0228] The hydroxyl radicals then oxidize nitrogen oxides as follows:

[0229] NO + *OH → NO 2 + H+

[0230] NO 2 + *OH → NO 3 - + H+

[0231] Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and some other pollutants have other reactive effects. Since TiO 2 acts as a catalyst and is not consumed in the reaction, a photocatalytic effect is continuously produced. If TiO 2 is properly positioned on the surface of an asphalt road, it removes large amounts of NOx and VOCs from the environment closest to their sources.

[0232] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to an asphalt-based sealcoat composition for reducing pollutants. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition reduces atmospheric pollutants comprising a certain amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by a photocatalytic reaction. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition has a high solar reflectivity and reduces the asphalt surface temperature and pollutants. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition has an SR (solar reflectance) of at least about 0.33# and reduces the asphalt surface temperature and pollutants.

[0233] In some embodiments, titanium dioxide can act as a catalyst that reacts with nitrogen oxides and other pollutants to chemically transform them into harmless or less harmful substances by photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) and / or reduction reactions.

[0234] In some embodiments, the techniques disclosed in Berdahl and Akbari, 2008, “Evaluation of Titanium Dioxide as a Photocatalyst for Removing Air Pollutants” (California Energy Commission, PIER Energy-Related Environmental Research Program, CEC-500-2007-112), the references cited therein, and their appendices can be used to determine that the compositions of the present disclosure can reduce the amount of air pollutants (such as nitrogen oxides).

[0235] In some embodiments, the TiO 2 particles are doped with one or more modifiers selected from sulfur, vanadium, zinc, silver, aluminum, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, chromium, tin, barium, strontium, magnesium, cobalt, boron, molybdenum, tungsten, carbon, phosphorus, platinum, gold, and nitrogen.

[0236] Typically, the crystal structure of titanium dioxide particles affects their reflectance and photocatalytic effects. In some embodiments, anatase is a more effective photocatalyst compared to rutile TiO2, with the drawback of reduced reflectance and fluorescence. One way to balance these effects is to blend titanium of multiple grades and sources to achieve the desired effects. An alternative way is to "dope" or introduce alternative materials into the titanium dioxide matrix to tune the electronic bandgap of the crystal. This has the effect of changing the electron and electron hole density on the titanium lattice to balance the reflectance and photocatalytic effects of individual particles (in particular), without the need for blending or other optimizations. See, for example, Thurston, "Band Gap Engineering Of Titania Systems PurposedFor Photocatalytic Activity", (2017), Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 1071; egrove.olemiss.edu / etd / 1071; which is available on the internet from egrove.olemiss.edu / cgi / viewcontent.cgi?article=2070&context=etd#:~:text=In%20its%20anatase%20form%2C%20titania,band%20gap%20nearing%203.2%20eV.

[0237] VI. Preparation of Asphalt-Based Sealant Coating Compositions

[0238] In some embodiments, an asphalt-based sealant coating composition is prepared by mixing a variety of components disclosed herein (e.g., selected from TiO 2 particles, asphalt emulsion, water, polymer emulsion, clay, sand, extender, fiber, aggregate, biocide, dispersant, plasticizer, and / or stain-resistant additive). In some embodiments, an asphalt-based sealant coating composition is prepared by mixing at least asphalt emulsion, water, extender, sand, polymer emulsion, clay, fiber, and a variety of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) particles present in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 60 wt%.

[0239] In some embodiments, by mixing one or more TiO 2Particles (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Titanium Oxide" above), asphalt emulsion (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Asphalt" above), water (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Water" above), polymer emulsion (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Polymer Emulsion" above), clay (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Clay" above), sand (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Sand" above), extender (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Extender" above), fiber (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Fiber" above), aggregate (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Aggregate" above), biocide (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Biocide" above), dispersant (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Dispersant" above), plasticizer (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Plasticizer" above), and / or stain-resistant additive (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Stain-Resistant Additive" above) are mixed together to prepare an asphalt-based sealant coating composition. In some embodiments, an asphalt-based sealant coating composition is prepared by further adding a pigment (including, for example, any embodiments and / or amounts disclosed herein, such as in the section entitled "Reflectivity of Asphalt-Based Sealant Coatings" above).

[0240] In some embodiments, the composition is prepared in a single mixing step.

[0241] In some embodiments, the composition is prepared in multiple mixing steps (e.g., stages).

[0242] In some embodiments, the composition is prepared by obtaining one or more intermediate mixtures. For example, an intermediate mixture can be obtained by mixing two or more components of the composition together in separate steps, and then combining the intermediate mixture with the remaining components of the composition. In some embodiments, the intermediate mixture comprises any two or more components of the composition disclosed herein (e.g., TiO 2particles, asphalt emulsion, water, polymer emulsion, clay, sand, extender, fiber, aggregate, biocide, dispersant, plasticizer, and / or stain-resistant additive). For example, the intermediate mixture can be an asphalt binder mixture comprising asphalt emulsion and polymer emulsion. In some embodiments, the intermediate mixture is a slurry comprising fiber, clay, water, and optionally sand. In some embodiments, the intermediate mixture comprises TiO 2 particles and a dispersant (e.g., for homogenizing the TiO 2 particles to disperse them throughout the asphalt-based sealcoat composition), and optionally an extender and / or pigment. For example, in some embodiments, preparation includes mixing the TiO 2 particles with water and / or a dispersant, emulsifying the TiO 2 particles to homogenize the TiO 2 particles, and adding the intermediate mixture to the final batch composition.

[0243] In some embodiments, a plurality of intermediate mixtures are obtained and then the plurality of intermediate mixtures are combined with any remaining components of the composition to form an asphalt-based sealcoat composition. For example, in some embodiments, preparation includes (i) obtaining a first intermediate mixture comprising asphalt emulsion and polymer emulsion, a second intermediate mixture comprising fiber, clay, and water, and a third intermediate mixture comprising TiO 2 particles, dispersant, extender, and pigment, and (ii) combining the plurality of intermediate mixtures with the remaining components of the composition (e.g., sand, plasticizer, and / or biocide).

[0244] Exemplary asphalt-based sealcoat composition preparation is described below with reference to Example 3. Briefly, a titanium dioxide asphalt-based sealcoat composition is prepared in multiple stages. In the first stage, a TiO 2 slurry is prepared using water, dispersant, TiO 2 particles, extender, and an infrared-reflective dark pigment. In the second stage, a clay slurry is prepared using water, fiber, clay, and biocide. In the third stage, the TiO 2 slurry and the clay slurry are combined with additional plasticizer, sand, polymer emulsion, asphalt emulsion, and biocide.

[0245] In some embodiments, the components of the asphalt-based sealcoat composition are added to an article as needed using any of the embodiments, amounts, and / or ranges disclosed herein. The disclosed compositions can be prepared using any suitable method or in any order that would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. For example, the order of addition can be modified to any other logically possible order.

[0246] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition has a pH of at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 11, at least 12, or at least 13. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition has a pH of from about 8 to about 14. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition has a pH of about 10.

[0247] In some embodiments, prior to the addition of the asphalt emulsion, the mixture of all other components of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition has a pH of at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 11, or at least 12. In some embodiments, the mixture of all other components of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition excluding the asphalt emulsion has a pH of from about 5 to about 12. In some embodiments, the mixture of all other components of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition excluding the asphalt emulsion has a pH of about 8.

[0248] Thus, in some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition comprises an anionic emulsion. Advantageously, the anionic emulsion can provide more long-term stability for storage and transportation, but may affect the drying time of the applied sealant coating composition. As described above, the addition of materials conferring enhanced stability allows for a wider variety of asphalt sources to be used in the composition, resulting in improved stability of the stored and transported product and better control of drying and reaction.

[0249] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition can be stable (e.g., can be stored) for at least 90 days. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition can be stable for at least 2 years. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition can be stable for at least 1 day, at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 4 days, at least 5 days, at least 6 days, or at least 1 week. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition can be stable for at least 2 weeks, at least 3 weeks, at least 1 month, at least 2 months, at least 3 months, at least 6 months, at least 1 year, at least 2 years, at least 3 years, at least 4 years, or at least 5 years. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition can be stable for no more than 10 years, no more than 5 years, no more than 2 years, no more than 1 year, no more than 6 months, or no more than 3 months. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition can be stable for a time between 1 day and 1 month, between 1 month and 6 months, between 2 months and 2 years, or between 6 months and 5 years. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition can be stable for another period starting at no less than 1 day and ending at no more than 10 years.

[0250] In some embodiments, a vertical high-transparency mixer and / or a colloid mill are used to prepare the composition. In some embodiments, the composition is prepared mechanically and / or manually. In some embodiments, one or more mixing steps (e.g., stages) are performed using a vertical high-transparency mixer. For example, in some embodiments, the preparation of an asphalt-based sealant coating composition includes making an asphalt emulsion using a vertical high-transparency mixer. In some embodiments, one or more mixing steps (e.g., stages) are performed using a colloid mill. For example, in some embodiments, the preparation of an asphalt-based sealant coating composition includes making an asphalt emulsion using a colloid mill.

[0251] In some embodiments, the composition is prepared (e.g., mixed) before being transported to the application point (e.g., at a factory). In some embodiments, the composition is stored for a period of time (e.g., a period starting from no less than 1 day and ending at no more than 10 years, as described above) before being transported to the application point.

[0252] In some embodiments, one or more components are added at the application point. For example, in some embodiments, one or more components of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition are added to the mixture at a time not exceeding a predetermined period of time before application. In some embodiments, the predetermined period of time does not exceed 1 day, does not exceed 12 hours, does not exceed 6 hours, does not exceed 3 hours, does not exceed 1 hour, or does not exceed 30 minutes. In some embodiments, the predetermined period of time is at least 5 minutes, at least 10 minutes, at least 20 minutes, at least 30 minutes, at least 1 hour, or at least 6 hours. In some embodiments, the predetermined period of time is from 10 minutes to 30 minutes, from 10 minutes to 1 hour, from 30 minutes to 6 hours, from 30 minutes to 12 hours, or from 6 hours to 1 day. In some embodiments, the predetermined period of time falls within another range starting from no less than 5 minutes and ending at no more than 1 day.

[0253] Any suitable means for mixing and / or adding the components of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition can be expected, as would be apparent to those skilled in the art. In some embodiments, any suitable unit of measurement can be used to add components to the composition (e.g., weight, volume). In some embodiments, the composition is adjusted proportionally to any desired batch size.

[0254] In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition has a weight (e.g., density) of at least 8.0 pounds per gallon, at least 8.5 pounds per gallon, at least 9.0 pounds per gallon, at least 9.5 pounds per gallon, at least 10.0 pounds per gallon, at least 10.5 pounds per gallon, at least 11.0 pounds per gallon, at least 11.2 pounds per gallon, at least 11.4 pounds per gallon, at least 11.5 pounds per gallon, at least 12.0 pounds per gallon, at least 12.5 pounds per gallon, at least 13.5 pounds per gallon, at least 14.0 pounds per gallon, at least 14.5 pounds per gallon, at least 15.0 pounds per gallon, at least 16.0 pounds per gallon, or at least 17.0 pounds per gallon. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition has a weight of no more than 20.0 pounds per gallon, no more than 18.0 pounds per gallon, no more than 15.0 pounds per gallon, no more than 14.0 pounds per gallon, no more than 13.0 pounds per gallon, no more than 12.0 pounds per gallon, or no more than 11.0 pounds per gallon. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition has a weight of from about 9.0 pounds per gallon to about 12.0 pounds per gallon, from about 10.0 pounds per gallon to about 14.0 pounds per gallon, from about 11.1 pounds per gallon to about 11.8 pounds per gallon, from about 10.5 pounds per gallon to about 13.5 pounds per gallon, or from about 8.0 pounds per gallon to about 15.0 pounds per gallon. In some embodiments, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition has a weight that falls within another range that starts at no less than 8.0 pounds per gallon and ends at no more than 20.0 pounds per gallon. In some embodiments, the weight and / or weight range of the disclosed asphalt-based sealcoat composition reflects the weight of the composition immediately prior to application (e.g., ready for use). In some embodiments, the weight and / or weight range of the disclosed asphalt-based sealcoat composition reflects the weight of the composition prior to dilution (e.g., during the manufacturing process). In some embodiments, the weight is determined by the components contained in the asphalt-based sealcoat composition (e.g., higher TiO 2 loading results in a proportionally higher density). Advantageously, an asphalt-based sealcoat composition having a higher weight can exhibit enhanced properties, including improved application quality and sealcoat performance.

[0255] In some embodiments, as described below, preparing the asphalt-based sealcoat composition includes diluting it after the components are mixed together. In some embodiments, preparing includes diluting the asphalt-based sealcoat composition prior to application (e.g., to treat the asphalt surface).

[0256] VII. Method of Treating an Asphalt Surface with an Asphalt-Based Sealcoat Composition

[0257] In yet another aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for treating an asphalt surface, the method comprising applying an amount of an asphalt-based sealcoat composition (e.g., any of the asphalt-based sealcoat compositions disclosed herein) to the upper surface of the asphalt surface. In some embodiments, at the time of application, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition is diluted with 1% to 50% additional water. In some embodiments, at the time of application, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition is diluted with 10% to 30% additional water. In some embodiments, at the time of application, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition is diluted with 15% to 25% additional water. In some embodiments, at the time of application, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition is diluted with 20% additional water.

[0258] In some embodiments, the method includes treating any asphalt surface, the asphalt surface including roads, sidewalks, playgrounds, parks, parking lots, driveways, recreational areas, outdoor areas, residential areas, schools, bike paths, shelter structures, roofs, and LEED-certified building projects. In some embodiments, the method includes treating the asphalt surface for any purpose, the purposes including recreational uses (e.g., tennis courts, basketball courts, running tracks, walking paths, bike paths, etc.), road markings (e.g., delineation of bike paths, shoulders, lane lines, intersections, etc.), signs (e.g., handicapped parking spaces, loading zones, crosswalks, fire lanes, etc.), and / or aesthetic applications (e.g., driveways, patios, playgrounds, etc.). In some embodiments, the method includes applying an amount of an asphalt-based sealcoat composition (e.g., any of the asphalt-based sealcoat compositions disclosed herein) to an asphalt surface that has experienced wear (e.g., cracking, discoloration, elongation, breakage, and / or general defects). The use of the asphalt-based sealcoat compositions disclosed herein is not limited to any particular purpose in any given context, but can be used for any function in any situation known in the field of using pavement.

[0259] Additional embodiments are contemplated for the asphalt-based sealcoat compositions, methods of their preparation and application, and attendant properties regarding reflectivity values and pollutant reduction, as further described in International Application No. PCT / US2018 / 066431, filed December 19, 2018, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 608,881, filed December 21, 2017, each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0260] Further embodiments

[0261] The following clauses describe specific embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0262] Clause 1. An asphalt-based sealant coating composition comprising an asphalt emulsion, water, an extender, sand, a polymer emulsion, clay, fibers, and a plurality of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) particles present in an amount of from about 10 wt% to about 60 wt%.

[0263] Clause 2. The composition according to Clause 1, wherein the TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 18 wt% to about 60 wt%.

[0264] Clause 3. The composition according to Clause 1 or Clause 2, wherein the TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 18 wt% to about 50 wt%.

[0265] Clause 4. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 3, wherein the TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 18 wt% to about 40 wt%.

[0266] Clause 5. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 4, wherein the TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 21 wt% to about 30 wt%.

[0267] Clause 6. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 5, wherein the TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 26 wt% to about 29 wt%.

[0268] Clause 7. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 5, wherein the TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 23 wt% to about 26 wt%.

[0269] Clause 8. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 5, wherein the TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 21 wt% to about 23 wt%.

[0270] Clause 9. The composition according to Clause 1, wherein the TiO2 particles are present in an amount of from about 8 wt% to about 12 wt%.

[0271] Clause 10. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 9, wherein the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of from about 5 wt% to about 40 wt%.

[0272] Clause 11. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 10, wherein the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of from about 10 wt% to about 35 wt%.

[0273] Clause 12. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 11, wherein the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 15% to about 30% by weight.

[0274] Clause 13. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 12, wherein the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 15% to about 25% by weight.

[0275] Clause 14. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 13, wherein the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 18% to about 23% by weight.

[0276] Clause 15. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 14, wherein the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 20% by weight.

[0277] Clause 16. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 15, wherein the asphalt emulsion is selected from CSS-1h, CSS-1, SS-1h, SS-1, clay-based emulsions, and mixtures thereof.

[0278] Clause 17. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 16, wherein the water is present in an amount of about 15% to about 45% by weight.

[0279] Clause 18. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 17, wherein the water is present in an amount of about 18% to about 35% by weight.

[0280] Clause 19. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 18, wherein the water is present in an amount of about 20% to about 30% by weight.

[0281] Clause 20. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 19, wherein the water is present in an amount of about 22% to about 28% by weight.

[0282] Clause 21. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 20, wherein the water is present in an amount of about 25% by weight.

[0283] Clause 22. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 21, wherein the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 1% to about 35% by weight.

[0284] Clause 23. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 22, wherein the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 3% to about 25% by weight.

[0285] Clause 24. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 23, wherein the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 4% to about 20% by weight.

[0286] Clause 25. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 24, wherein the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 6% to about 17% by weight.

[0287] Clause 26. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 25, wherein the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 12% to about 14% by weight.

[0288] Clause 27. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 26, wherein the polymer emulsion is selected from acrylic copolymers, vinyl acrylic acid, acrylic latex, polyurethane, SBR (styrene - butadiene rubber), SBS (styrene - butadiene - styrene), polychloroprene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate ether, polyvinyl alcohol, parboxylic acid, synthetic rubber, natural rubber, recycled tire rubber, LDP (low - density polyethylene), EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), nitrile latex, DuPont Elvaloy polymer modifiers, and mixtures thereof.

[0289] Clause 28. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 27, wherein the polymer emulsion comprises acrylic latex.

[0290] Clause 29. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 28, wherein the clay is present in an amount of about 1% to about 10% by weight.

[0291] Clause 30. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 29, wherein the clay is present in an amount of about 2% to about 8% by weight.

[0292] Clause 31. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 30, wherein the clay is present in an amount of about 3% to about 6% by weight.

[0293] Clause 32. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 31, wherein the clay is present in an amount of about 3% to about 5% by weight.

[0294] Clause 33. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 32, wherein the clay is present in an amount of about 3.4% by weight.

[0295] Clause 34. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 33, wherein the clay is selected from bentonite clay, ball clay, fire clay, sepiolite clay, illite, montmorillonite, hawthorn clay, American colloidal clay, hickory clay, Lincoln clay, and mixtures thereof.

[0296] Clause 35. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 34, wherein the clay is bentonite clay.

[0297] Clause 36. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 34, wherein the clay is sepiolite clay.

[0298] Clause 37. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 36, wherein the sand is present in an amount of about 3 wt% to about 25 wt%.

[0299] Clause 38. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 37, wherein the sand is present in an amount of about 4 wt% to about 20 wt%.

[0300] Clause 39. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 38, wherein the sand is present in an amount of about 6 wt% to about 16 wt%.

[0301] Clause 40. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 39, wherein the sand is present in an amount of about 6 wt% to about 8 wt%.

[0302] Clause 41. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 39, wherein the sand is present in an amount of about 14 wt% to about 16 wt%.

[0303] Clause 42. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 41, wherein the sand has a particle size of about 16 to about 300 mesh.

[0304] Clause 43. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 42, wherein the sand has a particle size of about 20 to about 280 mesh.

[0305] Clause 44. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 43, wherein the sand has a particle size of about 80 to about 240 mesh.

[0306] Clause 45. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 44, wherein the sand has a particle size of about 100 to about 220 mesh.

[0307] Clause 46. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 45, wherein the sand has a particle size of about 200 mesh.

[0308] Clause 47. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 42, wherein the sand has a particle size of about 20 to about 80 mesh.

[0309] Clause 48. The composition according to Clause 47, wherein the sand has a particle size of about 20 / 40 mesh.

[0310] Clause 49. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 48, wherein the extender is present in an amount of about 1 wt% to about 30 wt%.

[0311] Clause 50. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 49, wherein the extender is present in an amount of about 2 wt% to about 8 wt%.

[0312] Clause 51. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 50, wherein the extender is present in an amount of about 3 wt% to about 5 wt%.

[0313] Clause 52. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 51, wherein the extender is present in an amount of about 3.1 wt%.

[0314] Clause 53. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 51, wherein the extender is present in an amount of about 4.1 wt%.

[0315] Clause 54. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 49, wherein the extender is present in an amount of about 15 wt% to about 25 wt%.

[0316] Clause 55. The composition according to Clause 54, wherein the extender is present in an amount of about 17.2 wt%.

[0317] Clause 56. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 55, wherein the extender is selected from marble white, granular calcium carbonate, kaolin, kaolinite, Imerys talc, Grace SYLOWHITE TM , Burgess Pigment Company kaolin, and any mixture thereof.

[0318] Clause 57. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 56, wherein the extender is granular calcium carbonate.

[0319] Clause 58. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 57, wherein the fiber is present in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt%.

[0320] Clause 59. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 58, wherein the fiber is present in an amount of about 0.3 wt% to about 3 wt%.

[0321] Clause 60. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 59, wherein the fiber is present in an amount of about 0.5 wt% to about 2 wt%.

[0322] Clause 61. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 60, wherein the fiber is present in an amount of about 0.6% by weight.

[0323] Clause 62. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 61, wherein the fiber is recycled paper or fabric.

[0324] Clause 63. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 62, further comprising an aggregate present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 25% by weight.

[0325] Clause 64. The composition according to Clause 63, wherein the aggregate is present in an amount of about 0.5% to about 20% by weight.

[0326] Clause 65. The composition according to Clause 63 or Clause 64, wherein the aggregate is present in an amount of about 0.9% to about 15% by weight.

[0327] Clause 66. The composition according to any one of Clauses 63 to 65, wherein the aggregate is present in an amount of about 7% by weight.

[0328] Clause 67. The composition according to any one of Clauses 63 to 66, wherein the aggregate is selected from slate, baghouse fine (rock dust), fly ash, quartz sand, silica sand, calcium carbonate, clay, paper fiber, fiberglass fiber, limestone aggregate, copper slag, iron slag, steel slag, alumina, recycled roof tiles, shredded leather, shredded rubber, nylon lint, plastic lint, glass beads, granite aggregate, shredded tire rubber, ground tennis balls, recycled cardboard, recycled glass, wood chips, wood fiber, walnut shells, apricot shells, pecan shells, corn cobs, rice husks, crushed stone, pumice, basalt aggregate, perlite, vermiculite, marble white material, melamine, urea, calcined bauxite, and any combination thereof.

[0329] Clause 68. The composition according to any one of Clauses 63 to 67, wherein the aggregate is limestone aggregate.

[0330] Clause 69. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 68, further comprising a biocide present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 5% by weight.

[0331] Clause 70. The composition according to Clause 69, wherein the biocide is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 2% by weight.

[0332] Clause 71. The composition according to Clause 69 or Clause 70, wherein the biocide is present in an amount of about 0.2% by weight.

[0333] Clause 72. The composition according to Clause 1, wherein the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 18% to 22% by weight, the water is present in an amount of about 23% to 27% by weight, the extender is present in an amount of about 3% to about 6% by weight, the sand is present in an amount of about 5% to about 9% by weight, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 12% to about 16% by weight, the clay is present in an amount of about 2% to about 5% by weight, the fiber is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 1% by weight, and TiO 2 is present in an amount of about 18% to about 35% by weight, the asphalt emulsion contains SS-1h, the extender contains granular calcium carbonate, the sand has a particle size of about 100 to about 300 mesh, the polymer emulsion contains acrylic latex, the clay contains bentonite clay, and the composition further contains a biocide present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight.

[0334] Clause 73. The composition according to Clause 1, wherein the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 18% to about 22% by weight, the water is present in an amount of about 23% to about 27% by weight, the extender is present in an amount of about 12% to about 19% by weight, the sand is present in an amount of about 5% to about 9% by weight, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 12% to about 16% by weight, the clay is present in an amount of about 2% to about 5% by weight, the fiber is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 1% by weight, and TiO 2 is present in an amount of about 5% to about 20% by weight, the asphalt emulsion contains SS-1h, the extender contains granular calcium carbonate, the sand has a particle size of about 100 to about 300 mesh, the polymer emulsion contains acrylic latex, the clay contains bentonite clay, and the composition further contains a biocide present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight.

[0335] Clause 74. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 73, which further contains a dispersant present in an amount of about 0.01% to about 10% by weight.

[0336] Clause 75. The composition according to Clause 74, wherein the dispersant is present in an amount of about 0.03% to about 3% by weight.

[0337] Clause 76. The composition according to Clause 74 or Clause 75, wherein the dispersant is present in an amount of about 0.05% to about 1% by weight.

[0338] Clause 77. The composition according to any one of Clauses 74 to 76, wherein the dispersant is selected from polyacrylic acid, copolymer, polyurethane, polyacrylate, star-shaped dispersion polymer, block copolymer, controlled free radical polymerization (CFRP) product, and amine.

[0339] Clause 78. The composition according to any one of Clauses 74 to 77, wherein the dispersant is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.

[0340] Clause 79. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 78, further comprising a plasticizer present in an amount of about 0.1 wt% to about 20 wt%.

[0341] Clause 80. The composition according to Clause 79, wherein the plasticizer is present in an amount of about 0.5 wt% to about 10 wt%.

[0342] Clause 81. The composition according to Clause 79790 or Clause 80, wherein the plasticizer is present in an amount of about 1 wt% to about 5 wt%.

[0343] Clause 82. The composition according to any one of Clauses 79 to 81, wherein the plasticizer is selected from low molecular weight phthalate, high molecular weight phthalate, trimellitate, adipate, sebacate, glyceryl triacetate, alkyl citrate, azelate, dibenzoate, terephthalate, gluterates, organophosphate, polycarboxylate ether, polycarboxylate, sulfonated naphthalene condensate, and sulfonated melamine formaldehyde.

[0344] Clause 83. The composition according to any one of Clauses 79 to 82, wherein the plasticizer is a low volatile organic compound (VOC) plasticizer.

[0345] Clause 84. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 83, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating composition has a high degree of solar reflectivity.

[0346] Clause 85. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 84, wherein the asphalt-based sealant has an SR (solar reflectance) of at least about 0.10#.

[0347] Clause 86. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 85, wherein the asphalt-based sealant has an SR# of at least about 0.20.

[0348] Clause 87. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 86, wherein the asphalt-based sealant has an SR# of at least about 0.30.

[0349] Clause 88. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 87, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SR# of at least about 0.33.

[0350] Clause 89. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 88, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SR# of at least about 0.35.

[0351] Clause 90. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 86, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SR# of from about 0.20 to about 0.60.

[0352] Clause 91. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 90, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI (Solar Reflectance Index)# of at least about 10.

[0353] Clause 92. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 91, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of at least about 20.

[0354] Clause 93. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 92, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of at least about 30.

[0355] Clause 94. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 93, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of at least about 35.

[0356] Clause 95. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 92, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of from about 20 to about 60.

[0357] Clause 96. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 95, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating composition reduces the surface temperature of the asphalt treated with the asphalt-based sealant coating composition as compared to the asphalt not treated with the asphalt-based sealant coating composition.

[0358] Clause 97. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 96, which further comprises a pigment present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%.

[0359] Clause 98. The composition according to Clause 97, wherein the pigment is present in an amount of from about 0.05 wt% to about 1 wt%.

[0360] Clause 99. The composition according to Clause 97 or Clause 98, wherein the pigment is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt%.

[0361] Clause 100. The composition according to any one of Clauses 97 to 99, wherein the pigment is an infrared-reflective dark pigment.

[0362] Clause 101. The composition according to any one of Clauses 97 to 100, wherein the pigment is selected from red iron oxide, yellow iron oxide, phthalocyanine blue, perylene black, chromium(III) oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), white titanate, yellow titanate, green titanate, brown titanate, brown iron oxide, black iron oxide, mica iron oxide, cadmium orange, cadmium yellow, and chromium iron oxide.

[0363] Clause 102. The composition according to any one of Clauses 97 to 101, wherein the pigment is chrome green - hematite.

[0364] Clause 103. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 102, wherein the TiO 2 particles comprise TiO 2 in the form of anatase powder.

[0365] Clause 104. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 102, wherein the TiO 2 particles comprise TiO 2 in the form of brookite powder.

[0366] Clause 105. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 102, wherein the TiO 2 particles comprise TiO 2 in the form of rutile powder.

[0367] Clause 106. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 105, wherein each of the plurality of TiO 2 particles comprises a modifier. 2 corresponding TiO

[0368] Clause 107. The composition according to Clause 106, wherein the modifier is an aluminum hydroxide coating.

[0369] Clause 108. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 107, wherein each of the plurality of TiO 2 particles has a size of no more than 20 microns. 2 corresponding TiO

[0370] Clause 109. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 108, wherein each of the plurality of TiO 2 particles has a size of no more than 10 microns. 2 corresponding TiO

[0371] Clause 110. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 109, wherein each of the plurality of TiO 2 particles has a corresponding TiO 2 particle size of no more than 5 microns.

[0372] Clause 111. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 110, further comprising an asphalt reinforcing component.

[0373] Clause 112. The composition according to Clause 111, wherein the asphalt reinforcing component is selected from mineral bitumen, clarified bitumen, and bio-based bitumen-like binders.

[0374] Clause 113. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 112, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating composition reduces pollutants.

[0375] Clause 114. The composition according to Clause 113, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating composition reduces atmospheric pollutants containing a certain amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through a photocatalytic reaction.

[0376] Clause 115. The composition according to Clause 113 or Clause 114, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating composition has a high solar reflectivity and reduces the asphalt surface temperature and pollutants.

[0377] Clause 116. The composition according to any one of Clauses 113 to 115, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating composition has an SR (solar reflectance) of at least about 0.33 # and reduces the asphalt surface temperature and pollutants.

[0378] Clause 117. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 116, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has a skid resistance value (SN40R) of at least about 25.

[0379] Clause 118. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 117, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SN40R of at least about 30.

[0380] Clause 119. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 118, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SN40R of at least about 35.

[0381] Clause 120. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 119, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has a dynamic friction test (DFT) value of at least about 0.35.

[0382] Clause 121. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 120, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has a DFT value of at least about 0.4.

[0383] Clause 122. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 121, wherein the asphalt-based sealant coating has a DFT value of at least about 0.45.

[0384] Clause 123. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 122, further comprising a stain-resistant additive.

[0385] Clause 124. The composition according to Clause 123, wherein the stain-resistant additive is colloidal silica.

[0386] Clause 125. A method for treating an asphalt surface, the method comprising applying an amount of an asphalt-based sealant coating composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 124 to the upper surface of the asphalt surface.

[0387] Clause 126. The method according to Clause 125, wherein, upon application, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition is diluted with 1% to 50% additional water.

[0388] Clause 127. The method according to Clause 125 or Clause 126, wherein, upon application, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition is diluted with 10% to 30% additional water.

[0389] Clause 128. The method according to any one of Clauses 125 to 127, wherein, upon application, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition is diluted with 15% to 25% additional water.

[0390] Clause 129. The method according to any one of Clauses 125 to 128, wherein, upon application, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition is diluted with 20% additional water.

[0391] Clause 130. The composition according to any one of Clauses 1 to 124, wherein the TiO 2 particles are doped with one or more modifiers selected from sulfur, vanadium, zinc, silver, aluminum, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, chromium, tin, barium, strontium, magnesium, cobalt, boron, molybdenum, tungsten, carbon, phosphorus, platinum, gold, and nitrogen.

[0392] Examples

[0393] The following examples illustrate the synthesis of representative compounds used in the present invention, and the following reference examples illustrate the synthesis of intermediates in their preparation. These examples are not intended and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent that the present invention may be practiced in a manner different from that specifically described herein. Given the teachings herein, many variations and modifications of the present invention are possible and are thus within the scope of the present invention.

[0394] In the following examples, unless otherwise stated, all temperatures are in degrees Celsius and all parts and percentages are by weight. Unless otherwise stated, reagents are available from commercial suppliers and can be used without further purification. Reagents can also be prepared according to standard literature procedures known to those skilled in the art. Unless otherwise stated, solvents are available from commercial suppliers and can be used as received. Unless otherwise stated, all solvents can be purified using standard methods known to those skilled in the art.

[0395] The starting materials used are available from commercial sources or prepared according to literature procedures and have experimental data consistent with the reported experimental data.

[0396] Example 1 - Preparation of an asphalt composition according to the present disclosure.

[0397] Cooling sealant – UP 7814. A batch of titanium dioxide pigmented asphalt emulsion named batch "Cooling sealant UP 7814" was prepared by forming a slurry of 37010 pounds in a vertical high-transparency mixer. The slurry consisted of 3532 gallons of water, 1588 pounds of fiber, and 6004 pounds of clay. Then a total of 12390 pounds (1332 gallons) of this slurry was used as the starting point for preparing the titanium dioxide pigmented asphalt emulsion. 17139 pounds of TiO 2 and 3545 pounds of sand were added to the 12390 pounds of slurry. After thorough mixing, 11568 pounds (1389 gallons) of oil (CSS), 3184 pounds (375 gallons) of latex, 943 pounds (118 gallons) of polymer emulsion (UP7814), and 1479 pounds (178 gallons) of additional water were added, resulting in a batch of 50248 pounds of titanium dioxide pigmented asphalt emulsion. The composition of the batch by weight was approximately 22.59% water, 1.06% fiber, 4.01% clay, 34.18% TiO 2 , 7.07% sand, 23.07% oil (CSS), 6.35% latex, and 1.88% polymer emulsion (UP7814).

[0398] Rose Paving Material. A batch of titanium dioxide - colored asphalt emulsion named batch "Rose Paving Material" is prepared by forming a 37008 - pound slurry in a vertical high - transparency mixer. The slurry consists of 3531 gallons of water, 1588 pounds of fiber, and 6003 pounds of clay. Then, a total of 12638 pounds (1359 gallons) of this slurry is used as the starting point for preparing the titanium dioxide - colored asphalt emulsion. 16339 pounds of TiO 2 and 5125 pounds of sand are added to the 12638 - pound slurry. After thorough mixing, 11469 pounds (1377 gallons) of oil (CSS), 3576 pounds (421 gallons) of latex (Etonis 142), and 1003 pounds (120 gallons) of additional water are added, resulting in a batch of 50150 pounds of titanium dioxide - colored asphalt emulsion. The composition of the batch by weight is 22.03% water, 1.08% fiber, 4.09% clay, 32.58% TiO 2 , 10.22% sand, 22.87% oil (CSS), and 7.13% latex (Etonis 142).

[0399] Batch GT - 102. A batch of titanium dioxide - colored asphalt emulsion named batch "GT - 102" is prepared by forming a 37008 - pound slurry in a vertical high - transparency mixer. The slurry consists of 3531 gallons of water, 1588 pounds of fiber, and 6003 pounds of clay. Then, a total of 1890 pounds (203 gallons) of this slurry is used as the starting point for preparing the titanium dioxide - colored asphalt emulsion. 2444 pounds of TiO 2 and 767 pounds of sand are added to the 1890 - pound slurry. After thorough mixing, 1715 pounds (206 gallons) of oil (CSS), 535 pounds (63 gallons) of latex (Etonis 142), and 150 pounds (18 gallons) of additional water are added, resulting in a batch of 7500 pounds of titanium dioxide - colored asphalt emulsion. The composition of the batch by weight is 22.03% water, 1.08% fiber, 4.09% clay, 32.58% TiO 2 , 10.22% sand, 22.87% oil (CSS), and 7.13% latex (Etonis 142).

[0400] Batch Cool Sealant 2. A batch of titanium dioxide - colored asphalt emulsion named batch "Cool Sealant 2" is prepared by forming a 37014 - pound slurry in a vertical high - transparency mixer. The slurry consists of 3765 gallons of water, 751 pounds of fiber, and 4893 pounds of clay (sepiolite). Then, a total of 12081 pounds (1299 gallons) of this slurry is used as the starting point for preparing the titanium dioxide - colored asphalt emulsion. 17206 pounds of TiO 2and 3,546 pounds of sand. After thorough mixing, 11,775 pounds (1,414 gallons) of oil (CSS), 3,867 pounds of latex (Etonis 142), and 1,535 pounds (184 gallons) of additional water are added, resulting in a batch of 50,010 pounds of titanium dioxide - colored asphalt emulsion. The batch composition by weight is approximately 23.47% water, 0.49% fiber, 3.18% clay, 34.31% TiO 2 ₂, 7.07% sand, 23.48% oil (CSS), and 7.71% latex (Etonis 142).

[0401] Example 2 - An exemplary asphalt composition according to the present disclosure.

[0402] A batch of asphalt - based sealant coating composition is prepared in a colloid mill. The asphalt - based sealant coating composition consists of 1,000 gallons of water, 1,200 pounds of clay, 12,870 pounds of TiO 2 ₂, 1,430 pounds of extender, 3,400 pounds of sand, an asphalt emulsion containing 1,205 gallons of asphalt and 150 gallons of water, 410 gallons of self - crosslinking acrylic polymer, 410 gallons of EVA latex polymer, 300 pounds of fiber, and 500 pounds of clay, resulting in a batch of 46,288 pounds of titanium dioxide - colored asphalt - based sealant coating composition. The batch composition by weight is approximately 20.7% water, 2.59% clay, 27.80% TiO 2 ₂, 3.09% extender, 7.35% sand, 21.69% asphalt, 15.06% polymer, 0.65% fiber, and 1.08% clay.

[0403] Example 3 - Another exemplary asphalt composition according to the present disclosure.

[0404] An exemplary cold sealant batch. A batch of asphalt - based sealant coating composition is prepared in multiple stages. In the first stage, a TiO 2 slurry is obtained as a first intermediate mixture. The first intermediate mixture consists of an amount of approximately 8.9 wt% water, an amount of approximately 0.07 wt% dispersant, and an amount of approximately 24.2 wt% TiO 2Composed of an extender with a quantity of approximately 4.2% by weight. In the second stage, a clay slurry is obtained as the second intermediate mixture. The clay slurry is composed of water with a quantity of approximately 16.5% by weight, fibers with a quantity of approximately 0.6% by weight, clay with a quantity of approximately 3.4% by weight, and a biocide with a quantity of approximately 0.1% by weight. In the third stage, the first intermediate mixture and the second intermediate mixture are combined with additional components, which include a plasticizer with a quantity of approximately 1.4% by weight, sand with a quantity of approximately 6.8% by weight, an acrylic polymer with a quantity of approximately 6.9% by weight, an EVA latex polymer with a quantity of approximately 6.9% by weight, an asphalt emulsion with a quantity of approximately 20% by weight, and a biocide with a quantity of approximately 0.1% by weight.

[0405] Exemplary cooling protection batch. An asphalt-based sealant coating composition using sand with a larger particle mesh size (e.g., 20 / 40) is prepared in multiple stages. In the first stage, a TiO 2 slurry is obtained as the first intermediate mixture. The first intermediate mixture is composed of water with a quantity of approximately 6.9% by weight, a dispersant with a quantity of approximately 0.07% by weight, and TiO 2 with a quantity of approximately 24% by weight. In the second stage, a clay slurry is obtained as the second intermediate mixture. The clay slurry is composed of water with a quantity of approximately 16.9% by weight, fibers with a quantity of approximately 0.61% by weight, clay with a quantity of approximately 3.4% by weight, and a biocide with a quantity of approximately 0.1% by weight. In the third stage, the first intermediate mixture and the second intermediate mixture are combined with additional components, which include sand with a larger particle mesh size (e.g., 20 / 40) with a quantity of approximately 15% by weight, an acrylic polymer with a quantity of approximately 6.5% by weight, an EVA latex polymer with a quantity of approximately 6.5% by weight, an asphalt emulsion with a quantity of approximately 20% by weight, and a biocide with a quantity of approximately 0.1% by weight. The resulting composition exhibits a light color (e.g., gray and / or off-white) due to the addition of sand with a larger particle mesh size. In addition, the resulting composition exhibits anti-slip properties and a solar reflectance property with an SRI# of 42, and also passes all required physical properties.

[0406] Exemplary low TiO 2 Cooling sealant batch. An asphalt-based sealant coating composition using a low amount of TiO 2 particles (e.g., approximately 10%) is prepared in multiple stages. In the first stage, a TiO 2 slurry is obtained as the first intermediate mixture. The first intermediate mixture is composed of water with a quantity of approximately 10.2% by weight, a dispersant with a quantity of approximately 0.07% by weight, TiO 2, a extender in an amount of about 17.2 wt% and an infrared reflective dark pigment in an amount of about 0.25 wt%. In the second stage, a clay slurry is obtained as a second intermediate mixture. The clay slurry consists of about 16.2 wt% water, about 0.59 wt% fiber, about 3.4 wt% clay, and about 0.1 wt% biocide. In the third stage, the first intermediate mixture and the second intermediate mixture are combined with additional components, the additional components including about 1.4 wt% plasticizer, about 6.7 wt% sand, about 6.8 wt% acrylic polymer, about 6.8 wt% EVA latex polymer, about 20 wt% asphalt emulsion, and about 0.1 wt% biocide. The resulting composition advantageously has a lower cost due to the supplementation of TiO 2 by the extender, but still exhibits sufficiently high solar reflectance properties to pass the LEED requirements with an SRI# of 38, and also passes all the required physical properties. Additionally, the addition of the infrared reflective dark pigment advantageously causes the asphalt-based sealcoat composition to exhibit a visually appealing color, which can be applied to existing paved surfaces such as roads, parking lots, driveways, and / or rooftops.

[0407] Example 4 - Skid resistance properties of the asphalt composition according to the present disclosure.

[0408] An asphalt-based sealcoat composition is prepared according to an embodiment of the present disclosure and applied to a paved surface in a residential area. The Locked Wheel Skid Test (LWST) is conducted according to ASTM E27406 using a modified test speed that is lower than the speed used for standard highway testing to account for the lower speeds on residential road surfaces. The skid resistance number (SN40R) output from the LWST exceeds 30, with a target higher than 35, which is equivalent to a Dynamic Friction Test (DFT) value of at least 0.45. Therefore, the asphalt-based sealcoat composition is considered to meet and exceed the requirements for pavement maintenance applications in the test area (Los Angeles).

[0409] It should be understood that the examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only, and various variations or modifications thereof will be suggested to those skilled in the art and are included within the spirit and scope of this application and the scope of the appended claims. All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

Claims

1. An asphalt-based sealant coating composition comprising an asphalt emulsion, water, extender, sand, polymer emulsion, clay, fiber, and a plurality of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) particles present in an amount of from about 10 wt% to about 60 wt%.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, The TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 18 wt% to about 60 wt%.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein, The TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 18% to about 50% by weight.

4. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, The TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 18% to about 40% by weight.

5. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, The TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 21 wt% to about 30 wt%.

6. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 26 wt% to about 29 wt%.

7. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 23 wt% to about 26 wt%.

8. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, The TiO 2 particles are present in an amount of from about 21 wt% to about 23 wt%.

9. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, the TiO2 particles are present in an amount of about 8 wt% to about 12 wt%.

10. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 5 wt% to about 40 wt%.

11. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 10 wt% to about 35 wt%.

12. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 15 wt% to about 30 wt%.

13. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 15 wt% to about 25 wt%.

14. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 18 wt% to about 23 wt%.

15. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein, the asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 20 wt%.

16. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein, the asphalt emulsion is selected from CSS-1h, CSS-1, SS-1h, SS-1, clay-based emulsions, and mixtures thereof.

17. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein, the water is present in an amount of about 15 wt% to about 45 wt%.

18. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein, the water is present in an amount of about 18 wt% to about 35 wt%.

19. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein, the water is present in an amount of about 20 wt% to about 30 wt%.

20. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein, the water is present in an amount of about 22 wt% to about 28 wt%.

21. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein, the water is present in an amount of about 25 wt%.

22. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 1 wt% to about 35 wt%.

23. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 22, wherein, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 3 wt% to about 25 wt%.

24. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 4 wt% to about 20 wt%.

25. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 24, wherein, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of from about 6% to about 17% by weight.

26. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of from about 12% to about 14% by weight.

27. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein, the polymer emulsion is selected from acrylic copolymers, vinyl acrylic acid, acrylic latex, polyurethane, SBR (styrene - butadiene rubber), SBS (styrene - butadiene - styrene), polychloroprene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetate ether, polyvinyl alcohol, parboxylic acid, synthetic rubber, natural rubber, recycled tire rubber, LDP (low - density polyethylene), EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate), nitrile latex, DuPont Elvaloy polymer modifiers, and mixtures thereof.

28. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein, the polymer emulsion comprises acrylic latex.

29. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein, the clay is present in an amount of from about 1% to about 10% by weight.

30. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 29, wherein, the clay is present in an amount of from about 2% to about 8% by weight.

31. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein, the clay is present in an amount of from about 3% to about 6% by weight.

32. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 31, wherein, the clay is present in an amount of from about 3% to about 5% by weight.

33. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 32, wherein, the clay is present in an amount of about 3.4% by weight.

34. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 33, wherein, the clay is selected from bentonite clay, ball clay, fire clay, sepiolite clay, illite, montmorillonite, hawthorn clay, American colloidal clay, pecan clay, Lincoln clay, and mixtures thereof.

35. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein, the clay is bentonite clay.

36. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 34, wherein, the clay is sepiolite clay.

37. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein, the sand is present in an amount of from about 3% to about 25% by weight.

38. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 37, wherein, the sand is present in an amount of from about 4% to about 20% by weight.

39. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein, the sand is present in an amount of from about 6% to about 16% by weight.

40. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein, the sand is present in an amount of from about 6% to about 8% by weight.

41. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein, The sand is present in an amount of from about 14% to about 16% by weight.

42. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 41, wherein, the sand has a particle size of from about 16 to about 300 mesh.

43. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein, the sand has a particle size of from about 20 to about 280 mesh.

44. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 43, wherein, the sand has a particle size of from about 80 to about 240 mesh.

45. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 44, wherein, the sand has a particle size of from about 100 to about 220 mesh.

46. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 45, wherein, the sand has a particle size of about 200 mesh.

47. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 42, wherein, the sand has a particle size of from about 20 to about 80 mesh.

48. The composition according to claim 47, wherein, the sand has a particle size of about 20 / 40 mesh.

49. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 48, wherein, the extender is present in an amount of from about 1% to about 30% by weight.

50. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 49, wherein, the extender is present in an amount of from about 2% to about 8% by weight.

51. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 50, wherein, the extender is present in an amount of from about 3% to about 5% by weight.

52. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 51, wherein, the extender is present in an amount of about 3.1% by weight.

53. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 51, wherein, the extender is present in an amount of about 4.1% by weight.

54. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 49, wherein, the extender is present in an amount of from about 15% to about 25% by weight.

55. The composition according to claim 54, wherein, the extender is present in an amount of about 17.2% by weight.

56. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 55, wherein, The extender is selected from marble white, granular calcium carbonate, kaolin, kaolinite, Imerys talc, Grace SYLOWHITE TM , Burgess Pigment Company kaolin and any mixture thereof.

57. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 56, wherein, the extender is granular calcium carbonate.

58. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 57, wherein, the fiber is present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight.

59. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 58, wherein, the fiber is present in an amount of from about 0.3% to about 3% by weight.

60. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 59, wherein, the fiber is present in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 2% by weight.

61. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 60, wherein, the fiber is present in an amount of about 0.6% by weight.

62. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 61, wherein, the fiber is recycled paper or fabric.

63. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 62, further comprising an aggregate present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 25% by weight.

64. The composition according to claim 63, wherein, the aggregate is present in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 20% by weight.

65. The composition according to claim 63 or claim 64, wherein, the aggregate is present in an amount of from about 0.9% to about 15% by weight.

66. The composition according to any one of claims 63 to 65, wherein, the aggregate is present in an amount of about 7% by weight.

67. The composition according to any one of claims 63 to 66, wherein, the aggregate is selected from slate, baghouse fines (rock dust), fly ash, quartz sand, silica sand, calcium carbonate, clay, paper fiber, glass fiber, limestone aggregate, copper slag, iron slag, steel slag, alumina, recycled roofing tiles, shredded leather, shredded rubber, nylon lint, plastic lint, glass beads, granite aggregate, shredded tire rubber, ground tennis balls, recycled cardboard, recycled glass, wood chips, wood fiber, walnut shells, apricot shells, pecan shells, corn cobs, rice husks, crushed stone, pumice, basalt aggregate, perlite, vermiculite, marble white, melamine, urea, calcined bauxite, and any combination thereof.

68. The composition according to any one of claims 63 to 67, wherein, the aggregate is limestone aggregate.

69. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 68, further comprising a biocide present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight.

70. The composition according to claim 69, wherein, the biocide is present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 2% by weight.

71. The composition according to claim 69 or claim 70, wherein, the biocide is present in an amount of about 0.2% by weight.

72. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, The asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of about 18% to 22% by weight, the water is present in an amount of about 23% to 27% by weight, the extender is present in an amount of about 3% to about 6% by weight, the sand is present in an amount of about 5% to about 9% by weight, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of about 12% to about 16% by weight, the clay is present in an amount of about 2% to about 5% by weight, the fiber is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 1% by weight, and TiO 2 is present in an amount of about 18% to about 35% by weight, the asphalt emulsion comprises SS-1h, the extender comprises granular calcium carbonate, the sand has a particle size of from about 100 to about 300 mesh, the polymer emulsion comprises acrylic latex, the clay comprises bentonite clay, and the composition further comprises a biocide present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight.

73. The composition according to claim 1, wherein, The asphalt emulsion is present in an amount of from about 18% to about 22% by weight, the water is present in an amount of from about 23% to about 27% by weight, the extender is present in an amount of from about 12% to about 19% by weight, the sand is present in an amount of from about 5% to about 9% by weight, the polymer emulsion is present in an amount of from about 12% to about 16% by weight, the clay is present in an amount of from about 2% to about 5% by weight, the fiber is present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 1% by weight, and TiO 2 is present in an amount of from about 5% to about 20% by weight, the asphalt emulsion comprises SS-1h, the extender comprises granular calcium carbonate, the sand has a particle size of from about 100 to about 300 mesh, the polymer emulsion comprises acrylic latex, the clay comprises bentonite clay, and the composition further comprises a biocide present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 0.5% by weight.

74. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 73, further comprising a dispersant present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 10% by weight.

75. The composition according to claim 74, wherein, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0.03% to about 3% by weight.

76. The composition according to claim 74 or claim 75, wherein, the dispersant is present in an amount of from about 0.05% to about 1% by weight.

77. The composition according to any one of claims 74 to 76, wherein, the dispersant is selected from polyacrylic acid, copolymer, polyurethane, polyacrylate, star-shaped dispersion polymer, block copolymer, controlled free radical polymerization (CFRP) product, and amine.

78. The composition according to any one of claims 74 to 77, wherein, the dispersant is 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol.

79. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 78, further comprising a plasticizer present in an amount of from about 0.1% to about 20% by weight.

80. The composition according to claim 79, wherein, the plasticizer is present in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 10% by weight.

81. The composition according to claim 79790 or claim 80, wherein, the plasticizer is present in an amount of from about 1% to about 5% by weight.

82. The composition according to any one of claims 79 to 81, wherein, the plasticizer is selected from low molecular weight phthalate, high molecular weight phthalate, trimellitate, adipate, sebacate, glyceryl triacetate, alkyl citrate, azelate, dibenzoate, terephthalate, gluterates, organophosphate, polycarboxylate ether, polycarboxylate, sulfonated naphthalene condensate, and sulfonated melamine formaldehyde.

83. The composition according to any one of claims 79 to 82, wherein, the plasticizer is a low volatile organic compound (VOC) plasticizer.

84. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 83, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition has a high degree of solar reflectivity.

85. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 84, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SR (solar reflectance) of at least about 0.10#.

86. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 85, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SR of at least about 0.20#.

87. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 86, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SR of at least about 0.30#.

88. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 87, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SR of at least about 0.33#.

89. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 88, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SR of at least about 0.35#.

90. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 86, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SR of from about 0.20 to about 0.60#.

91. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 90, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI (solar reflectance index) of at least about 10#.

92. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 91, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI of at least about 20#.

93. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 92, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of at least about 30.

94. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 93, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of at least about 35.

95. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 92, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SRI# of from about 20 to about 60.

96. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 95, wherein, compared with asphalt not treated with the asphalt-based sealant coating composition, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition reduces the surface temperature of the asphalt treated with the asphalt-based sealant coating composition.

97. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 96, further comprising a pigment present in an amount of from about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%.

98. The composition according to claim 97, wherein, the pigment is present in an amount of from about 0.05 wt% to about 1 wt%.

99. The composition according to claim 97 or claim 98, wherein, the pigment is present in an amount of from about 0.1 wt% to about 0.5 wt%.

100. The composition according to any one of claims 97 to 99, wherein, the pigment is an infrared-reflective dark pigment.

101. The composition according to any one of claims 97 to 100, wherein, The pigment is selected from red iron oxide, yellow iron oxide, phthalocyanine blue, perylene black, chromium(III) oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ), iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), white titanate, yellow titanate, green titanate, brown titanate, brown iron oxide, black iron oxide, mica iron oxide, cadmium orange, cadmium yellow, and chromium iron oxide.

102. The composition according to any one of claims 97 to 101, wherein, the pigment is chrome green - hematite.

103. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 102, wherein, The TiO 2 particles contain TiO in the form of anatase powder 2 .

104. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 102, wherein, The TiO 2 particles contain TiO in the form of brookite powder 2 .

105. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 102, wherein, The TiO 2 particles contain TiO in the form of rutile powder 2 .

106. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 105, wherein, Each of the various TiO 2 particles has a corresponding TiO 2 particle containing a modifier.

107. The composition according to claim 106, wherein, the modifier is an aluminum hydroxide coating.

108. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 107, wherein, Each of the various TiO 2 particles has a corresponding TiO 2 particle with a size of no more than 20 microns.

109. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 108, wherein, Each of the multiple TiO 2 particles has a corresponding TiO 2 particle with a size of no more than 10 microns.

110. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 109, wherein, Each of the various TiO 2 particles has a corresponding TiO 2 particle with a size of no more than 5 microns.

111. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 110, further comprising an asphalt reinforcing component.

112. The composition according to claim 111, wherein, the asphalt reinforcing component is selected from mineral bitumen, clarified bitumen, and bio-based bitumen-like binders.

113. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 112, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition reduces pollutants.

114. The composition according to claim 113, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition reduces atmospheric pollutants containing a certain amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC) through a photocatalytic reaction.

115. The composition according to claim 113 or claim 114, wherein, The asphalt-based sealant coating composition has a high degree of solar reflectivity and reduces the asphalt surface temperature and pollutants.

116. The composition according to any one of claims 113 to 115, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition has an SR (solar reflectance) of at least about 0.33# and reduces the asphalt surface temperature and pollutants.

117. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 116, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has a skid resistance number (SN40R) of at least about 25.

118. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 117, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SN40R of at least about 30.

119. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 118, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has an SN40R of at least about 35.

120. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 119, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has a dynamic friction test (DFT) value of at least about 0.

35.

121. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 120, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has a DFT value of at least about 0.

4.

122. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 121, wherein, the asphalt-based sealant coating has a DFT value of at least about 0.

45.

123. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 122, further comprising a stain-resistant additive.

124. The composition according to claim 123, wherein, the stain-resistant additive is colloidal silica.

125. A method for treating an asphalt surface, the method comprises: applying an amount of the asphalt-based sealant coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 124 to the upper surface of the asphalt surface.

126. The method according to claim 125, wherein, at the time of application, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition is diluted with 1% to 50% additional water.

127. The method according to claim 125 or claim 126, wherein, at the time of application, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition is diluted with 10% to 30% additional water.

128. The method according to any one of claims 125 to 127, wherein, at the time of application, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition is diluted with 15% to 25% additional water.

129. The method according to any one of claims 125 to 128, wherein, at the time of application, the asphalt-based sealant coating composition is diluted with 20% additional water.

130. The composition according to any one of claims 1 to 124, wherein, The TiO 2 particles are doped with one or more modifiers selected from sulfur, vanadium, zinc, silver, aluminum, copper, iron, manganese, nickel, chromium, tin, barium, strontium, magnesium, cobalt, boron, molybdenum, tungsten, carbon, phosphorus, platinum, gold, and nitrogen.