A control method for a facility vegetable tail vegetable processing system

Abstract

The application provides a control method of a facility vegetable tail vegetable processing system, which comprises a tail vegetable feeding assembly, a control system, a first tail vegetable processing assembly and a second tail vegetable processing assembly, and the control system is electrically connected with the assemblies; the tail vegetable feeding assembly is selectively communicated with the first tail vegetable processing assembly or the second tail vegetable processing assembly through the control system, the first tail vegetable processing assembly comprises a steam explosion device, a solid-liquid separation device, a drying device and a grinding device which are connected in sequence, and the second tail vegetable processing assembly comprises a tail vegetable crushing device and a tail vegetable fermentation device which are connected in sequence. The control method is used for the whole-process control of the facility vegetable tail vegetable processing system, realizes the automation of the facility vegetable tail vegetable processing process, has a resource utilization rate which is much higher than that of a conventional mode, avoids resource waste and reduces agricultural waste pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural waste treatment technology, specifically to a control method for a facility vegetable waste treatment system. Background Technology

[0002] Greenhouse vegetables refer to vegetables grown in seasons or regions where open fields are unsuitable for vegetable growth. These environments are artificially created using specific facilities (such as greenhouses or polytunnels) to produce high-quality, high-yield, and stable-yield vegetables. In the production of greenhouse vegetables, the disposal of leftover leaves, roots, and stems after harvesting has always been a challenge.

[0003] Traditional methods of processing vegetable waste, including landfilling and incineration, are not only inefficient and polluting, but also waste the organic resources within the waste. Existing technologies, through biomass energy conversion, organic fertilizer production, and animal feed production, can transform vegetable waste into more valuable products, achieving resource recycling. These technological advancements not only help reduce environmental pollution but also improve the economic efficiency of the vegetable industry. Current technologies for improving vegetable waste processing equipment focus on single functions such as drying or fermentation, resulting in insufficient automation and a lack of universal applicability for processing different types of vegetable waste. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: The purpose of this invention is to provide a control method for a highly automated facility vegetable waste processing system that categorizes and processes waste vegetables.

[0005] Technical Solution: A control method for a facility vegetable waste processing system, the facility vegetable waste processing system comprising: a waste feeding component, a control system, a first waste processing component, and a second waste processing component, wherein the control system is electrically connected to the waste feeding component, the first waste processing component, and the second waste processing component; through the control system settings, the waste feeding component can optionally be connected to either the first waste processing component or the second waste processing component; the first waste processing component includes a steam explosion device, a solid-liquid separation device, a drying device, and a grinding device connected in sequence; the second waste processing component includes a waste crushing device and a waste fermentation device connected in sequence; material sensors are provided on the steam explosion device, the waste crushing device, and the waste fermentation device, and humidity sensors are provided in the solid-liquid separation device and the drying device.

[0006] The control method includes the following steps:

[0007] S1. Select the first or second processing mode for leftover vegetables in the control system according to the type of leftover vegetables.

[0008] S2. If the first tail vegetable processing mode is selected, the control system starts the tail vegetable feeding component and transports the tail vegetables into the first tail vegetable processing component. The control system receives the material sensor signal on the steam explosion device. When the material sensor senses the tail vegetables, the control system starts the steam explosion device to perform steam explosion processing on the tail vegetables and transports the tail vegetables after steam explosion processing to the solid-liquid separation device.

[0009] S3. The solid-liquid separation device performs solid-liquid separation processing on the leftover vegetables. At the same time, the control system receives the humidity sensor signal in the solid-liquid separation device. When the humidity sensor detects that the moisture content of the leftover vegetables is lower than the set first humidity threshold, the control system starts the drying device and transports the leftover vegetables to the drying device.

[0010] S4. The drying device heats and dries the vegetable waste. The control system receives the humidity sensor signal from the drying device. When the humidity sensor detects that the moisture content of the vegetable waste is lower than the set second humidity threshold, the control system starts the grinding device and transports the vegetable waste to the grinding device. After grinding, the vegetable waste is output as organic feed.

[0011] S5. If the second tail vegetable processing mode is selected, the control system starts the tail vegetable feeding component to transport the tail vegetables into the second tail vegetable processing component. The control system receives the material sensor signal on the tail vegetable crushing device. When the material sensor senses the tail vegetables, the control system starts the tail vegetable crushing device to crush the tail vegetables and transports the crushed tail vegetables into the tail vegetable fermentation device.

[0012] S6. The vegetable waste fermentation device ferments the vegetable waste according to preset parameters. The control system receives the material sensor signal on the vegetable waste fermentation device. When the amount of vegetable waste reaches the set threshold, the control system controls the vegetable waste fermentation device to add fermentation microorganisms to the vegetable waste. After fermentation, the vegetable waste is output as organic fertilizer.

[0013] Preferably, step S6 further includes: the control system receiving material sensor signals from the vegetable waste fermentation device according to a set cycle, and calculating the amount of microbial agent to be added for the next fermentation cycle through a PID control algorithm.

[0014] Specifically, in step S6, calculating the dosage of microbial inoculant for the next fermentation cycle using a PID control algorithm includes:

[0015] In the control system, a processing cycle length, D, is set. n Let P be the data set of the vegetable residue composition obtained by the material sensor and the ambient temperature obtained by the temperature sensor in the nth processing cycle. n M represents the processing result of the control system's calculation module on the above data set after the nth processing cycle. n+1 To apply P according to a preset functionn The types of microbial agents required for the (n+1)th treatment cycle, obtained after calculation, are Q. n+1 The amount of microbial agent required for the (n+1)th treatment cycle:

[0016] D n ={d1,d2,…,d k}

[0017] P n =f(D n )

[0018] (M n+1 Q n+1 )=g(P n )

[0019] In the formula: k is the number of sensors, f is the processing function preset by the control system calculation module, and g is the calculation function preset by the control system calculation module;

[0020] The main controller calculates M n+1 and Q n+1 The control system delivers the appropriate type and quantity of microbial agents at the start of the (n+1)th treatment cycle.

[0021] Let R n+1 E represents the actual amount of microbial agent applied in the (n+1)th treatment cycle. n+1 For the error in the amount of delivery, u n+1 K is the output of the PID control algorithm. p K is the proportionality coefficient. i K is the integral coefficient. d These are the differential coefficients;

[0022] The method for calculating the error in the amount of waste distributed is as follows:

[0023] E n+1 =Q n+1 -R n+1

[0024] The PID control algorithm is as follows:

[0025]

[0026] The main controller is based on u n+1 Adjust the output of the control system so that the actual amount of microbial agent R applied in the (n+2)th treatment cycle is... n+2 Closer to the target delivery volume Q n+2 .

[0027] Specifically, the leftover vegetable feeding assembly includes a storage tank, a conveyor belt, and a feeding port, with the storage tank and feeding port located at both ends of the conveyor belt.

[0028] Specifically, the steam explosion device includes an explosion chamber and a steam generator and control valve connected to the explosion chamber. The explosion chamber is connected to the feed inlet.

[0029] Specifically, the solid-liquid separation device includes a separation chamber, a spiral shaft, and a motor. The upper part of the separation chamber has a feed inlet, and the lower part has a drain outlet. The feed inlet is connected to the blasting chamber, and a screen is installed on the drain outlet. The spiral shaft is installed inside the separation chamber, and one end of the spiral shaft is connected to the motor. Solid filter holes are opened on the wall of the separation chamber opposite to the motor. A humidity sensor is installed inside the separation chamber, and a material sensor is installed on the feed inlet of the separation chamber. The drain outlet is connected to the vegetable waste fermentation device.

[0030] Specifically, the drying device includes a drum, a blower, a heating element, and a motor. The drum is connected to the separation chamber, the blower is connected to the drum, the heating element is installed on the outer surface of the drum, a drive shaft is provided at one end of the drum, the drum is connected to the motor through the drive shaft, and a humidity sensor is installed inside the drum.

[0031] Specifically, the grinding device includes a grinding chamber, a grinding disc, and a motor. The grinding chamber is connected to the drum, the grinding disc is placed in the grinding chamber, and the motor is coaxially connected to the grinding disc.

[0032] Specifically, the waste vegetable crushing device includes a crushing chamber, spiral blades and a motor. The crushing chamber is connected to the waste vegetable feeding assembly. The spiral blades are installed in the crushing chamber. A connecting shaft is provided on one side of the spiral blades. The motor and the spiral blades are connected through the connecting shaft. The material sensor is installed at the feed inlet of the crushing chamber.

[0033] Specifically, the vegetable waste fermentation device includes a fermentation tank, a stirring shaft, a heating pipe, and a motor. The fermentation tank is connected to the crushing chamber. The stirring shaft is installed inside the fermentation tank, and the heating pipe is installed on the outer surface of the fermentation tank. A connecting shaft is provided at one end of the fermentation tank, and the motor is connected to the fermentation tank through the connecting shaft. The material sensor is installed at the feed inlet of the fermentation tank.

[0034] Beneficial Effects: Compared with existing technologies, the significant advantages of this invention are: This invention creatively separates waste vegetables into high-value and low-value waste vegetables within the same device, and processes them using two different sets of components and processes. The waste vegetables are processed into organic feed or organic fertilizer according to actual needs. The status of the waste vegetables in different devices is monitored through a control system and sensors. The entire processing flow can be automated simply by setting parameters in the control system. This invention also diverts the liquid discharged during the processing of high-value waste vegetables into the low-value waste vegetable processing system, achieving complete utilization of waste vegetable resources. This invention has a resource utilization rate far exceeding that of conventional methods, avoiding resource waste and reducing pollution from agricultural waste. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the method flow of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the facility vegetable waste processing system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the solid-liquid separation device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the drying device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the grinding device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the vegetable waste crushing device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the vegetable tail fermentation device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0042] A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] Please see Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a control method for a facility vegetable waste treatment system. First, the facility vegetable waste treatment system will be briefly described:

[0045] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown in this embodiment, a facility vegetable waste processing system includes: a waste feeding component, a control system, a first waste processing component, and a second waste processing component. The control system is electrically connected to the waste feeding component, the first waste processing component, and the second waste processing component. Through the control system settings, the waste feeding component can be optionally connected to either the first waste processing component or the second waste processing component.

[0046] The first waste vegetable processing component includes a steam explosion device, a solid-liquid separation device, a drying device, and a grinding device connected in sequence. The second waste vegetable processing component includes a waste vegetable crushing device and a waste vegetable fermentation device connected in sequence. Material sensors are installed on the steam explosion device, the waste vegetable crushing device, and the waste vegetable fermentation device, and humidity sensors are installed in the solid-liquid separation device and the drying device.

[0047] The control method includes the following steps:

[0048] (1) When the facility vegetable waste processing system is powered on and started, the control system first checks the status of the emergency stop switch. If the emergency stop switch is pressed, the control system will immediately stop operating and trigger the alarm indicator light to flash continuously to warn the operator; if the emergency stop switch is not triggered, the system will automatically perform initialization settings. During the initialization phase, the computing module communicates and tests with each sensor and the touch screen to ensure that the communication of the entire control system is error-free.

[0049] (2) If communication between any device and the computing module fails, system initialization will not be possible. At this time, the control system will trigger a fault alarm mechanism, the alarm light will flash at a frequency of 2Hz, and all equipment in the facility vegetable waste processing system will remain stopped, waiting for the fault to be cleared.

[0050] (3) After initialization, the control system will automatically perform parameter detection. If the parameters have not been configured, the touchscreen will prompt the operator to configure them accordingly, including key parameters such as steam explosion pressure and steam explosion time. After configuration, the system will select the first or second processing mode for leftover vegetables based on the type of leftover vegetables.

[0051] (4) If the first tail vegetable processing mode is selected, the control system starts the tail vegetable feeding component and transports the tail vegetables into the first tail vegetable processing component. The control system receives the material sensor signal on the steam explosion device. When the material sensor senses the tail vegetables, the control system starts the steam explosion device to perform steam explosion processing on the tail vegetables and transports the tail vegetables after steam explosion processing to the solid-liquid separation device.

[0052] (5) The solid-liquid separation device performs solid-liquid separation on the leftover vegetables. At the same time, the control system receives the humidity sensor signal in the solid-liquid separation device. When the humidity sensor detects that the moisture content of the leftover vegetables is less than 35%, the control system starts the drying device and transports the leftover vegetables to the drying device.

[0053] (6) The drying device heats and dries the tail vegetables. The control system receives the humidity sensor signal in the drying device. When the humidity sensor detects that the moisture content of the tail vegetables is less than 10%, the control system starts the grinding device and transports the tail vegetables to the grinding device. After the tail vegetables are ground, they are output as organic feed.

[0054] (7) If the second tail vegetable processing mode is selected, the control system starts the tail vegetable feeding component and transports the tail vegetables to the second tail vegetable processing component. The control system receives the material sensor signal on the tail vegetable crushing device. When the material sensor senses the tail vegetables, the control system starts the tail vegetable crushing device to crush the tail vegetables and transports the crushed tail vegetables to the tail vegetable fermentation device.

[0055] (8) The vegetable waste fermentation device ferments the vegetable waste according to the preset parameters. The control system receives the material sensor signal on the vegetable waste fermentation device. When the amount of vegetable waste reaches the set threshold, the control system controls the vegetable waste fermentation device to add fermentation microorganisms to the vegetable waste. After fermentation, the vegetable waste is output as organic fertilizer.

[0056] (9) The control system receives material sensor signals from the vegetable waste fermentation device according to the set cycle, and calculates the amount of microbial agent to be added for the next cycle of fermentation through the PID control algorithm.

[0057] Controlling the fermentation of vegetable waste includes the following steps:

[0058] In the control system, a processing cycle length, D, is set. n Let P be the data set of the vegetable residue composition obtained by the material sensor and the ambient temperature obtained by the temperature sensor in the nth processing cycle. n M represents the processing result of the control system's calculation module on the above data set after the nth processing cycle. n+1 To apply P according to a preset function n The types of microbial agents required for the (n+1)th treatment cycle, obtained after calculation, are Q. n+1 The amount of microbial agent required for the (n+1)th treatment cycle:

[0059] D n ={d1,d2,…,d k}

[0060] P n =f(D n )

[0061] (M n+1 Q n+1 )=g(P n )

[0062] In the formula: k is the number of sensors, f is the processing function preset by the control system calculation module, and g is the calculation function preset by the control system calculation module;

[0063] The main controller calculates M n+1 and Q n+1 The control system delivers the appropriate type and quantity of microbial agents at the start of the (n+1)th treatment cycle.

[0064] Let R n+1 E represents the actual amount of microbial agent applied in the (n+1)th treatment cycle. n+1 For the error in the amount of delivery, u n+1 K is the output of the PID control algorithm. p K is the proportionality coefficient. i K is the integral coefficient.d These are the differential coefficients;

[0065] The method for calculating the error in the amount of waste distributed is as follows:

[0066] E n+1 =Q n+1 -R n+1

[0067] The PID control algorithm is as follows:

[0068]

[0069] The main controller is based on u n+1 Adjust the output of the control system so that the actual amount of microbial agent R applied in the (n+2)th treatment cycle is... n+2 Closer to the target delivery volume Q n+2 .

[0070] The above control methods enable automatic control of the fermentation process. Furthermore, the specific forms of the processing function f, calculation function g, and PID control algorithm in the above formulas are determined based on the actual application scenario and need to be designed and adjusted according to the specific waste vegetable processing system and microbial agent dosage requirements.

[0071] The specific structure of each device component in this embodiment will be described in detail below:

[0072] In this embodiment, the waste vegetable feeding assembly includes a storage trough, a conveyor belt, and a feed inlet. Waste vegetables to be processed are placed in the storage trough and then conveyed to the feed inlet by the conveyor belt, falling into the facility vegetable waste vegetable processing system under their own gravity. In this embodiment, the conveyor belt is an electric conveyor belt driven by a three-phase asynchronous motor. The three-phase asynchronous motor is connected to a reducer via gears, with a reduction ratio of 2:1. The reducer effectively amplifies the torque of the three-phase asynchronous motor. The reducer is connected to the conveyor belt drive wheel via gears, with a gear ratio of 1:1. The reducer applies the amplified torque to the drive wheel, causing it to rotate. The drive wheel drives the conveyor belt, moving the storage trough containing the waste vegetables. Finally, the waste vegetables are conveyed to the feed inlet of the facility vegetable waste vegetable processing system, where they fall layer by layer into the system under their own gravity. The waste vegetable feeding component adopts a separable design. In actual use, the position of the conveyor belt can be adjusted according to the different types of waste vegetables to connect with the first waste vegetable processing component or the second waste vegetable processing component, or two sets of waste vegetable feeding components can be set up and connected to the first waste vegetable processing component and the second waste vegetable processing component respectively.

[0073] The first vegetable waste processing unit includes a steam explosion device, a solid-liquid separation device, a drying device, and a grinding device connected in sequence. Its core function is to efficiently convert the vegetable waste conveyed by the feeding device into nutrient-rich organic feed through active ingredient cell wall breaking extraction technology. The details are explained below.

[0074] In this embodiment, a steam explosion device manufactured by Qingzheng Ecological Technology Co., Ltd. is used, with the main unit model being QBS-80. This model of steam explosion device mainly consists of an explosion chamber, a steam generator connected to the explosion chamber, and a control valve. The explosion chamber is connected to the feed inlet, and a material sensor is installed at the connection between the explosion chamber and the feed inlet to detect the presence of vegetable waste. The vegetable waste is fed into the explosion chamber of the steam explosion device through the feed inlet. The steam generator produces steam, causing the pressure inside the explosion chamber to rise. After reaching the set pressure maintenance time, the control valve is opened by the control system, causing the explosion chamber to rapidly depressurize. As the pressure drops sharply and the moisture vaporizes, the vegetable waste undergoes an explosion effect, decomposing the lignocellulose while retaining most of the nutrients. The vegetable waste is also broken down after the steam explosion. By adjusting the steam explosion time and pressure parameters, the steam explosion device can be applied to the processing of most types of vegetable waste from greenhouses.

[0075] Please refer to Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the solid-liquid separation device 1 includes a separation chamber 11, a spiral shaft 12, and a motor 13. The upper part of the separation chamber 11 has a first feed inlet 111, and the lower part has a drain outlet 112. The first feed inlet 111 is connected to the blasting chamber. The inner wall of the separation chamber 11 at the location of the drain outlet 112 is covered with a screen 113. The spiral shaft 12 is set in the separation chamber 11, and one end of the spiral shaft 12 is connected to the motor 13. Several solid filter holes 114 are opened on the wall of the separation chamber 11 opposite to the motor 13. A humidity sensor is provided in the separation chamber 11, and a material sensor is provided on the first feed inlet 111. The material sensor is used to detect the presence or absence of waste vegetables.

[0076] After being processed by the steam explosion device, the lignocellulose of the vegetable waste is rapidly degraded, transforming it into a solid-liquid mixture of vegetable waste residue with a water content exceeding 95%. Driven by the blades of the screw shaft 12, the residue is compressed from the first feed inlet 111 towards the other end of the separation chamber 11. Solid particles in the mixture are compressed between the blades and the wall of the separation chamber 11, forming a solid layer, while the liquid flows out through the screen 113. Under the continuous compression of the screw shaft 12, the solid particles form lumps, which are discharged through the solid filter holes 114. In this embodiment, a top cover 15 connected to a spring 14 is also provided on the outside of the solid filter holes 114, keeping the separation chamber 11 in a sealed state when no solids accumulate. After solid-liquid separation, the vegetable waste mixture is effectively dehydrated, reducing the water content of the vegetable waste residue to below 35%, providing a raw material basis for subsequent organic feed production. The waste liquid generated during the solid-liquid separation process is directly recycled to the vegetable waste fermentation device through the drain outlet 112, where it is fermented into organic fertilizer, achieving efficient resource utilization of the vegetable waste.

[0077] Please refer to Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the drying device 2 includes a drum 21, a blower 22, a heating element 23, and a motor 24. The drum 21 is connected to the separation chamber 11, the blower 22 is connected to the drum 21, the heating element 23 is disposed on the outer surface of the drum 21, a drive shaft is provided at one end of the drum 21, and the drum 21 is connected to the motor 24 through the drive shaft. A humidity sensor is provided inside the drum 21. After solid-liquid separation, the moisture content of the vegetable waste is reduced to the range of 30%-35%, but it has not yet reached the standard required for organic feed. In this embodiment, the motor 24 drives the drum 21 to rotate through a pulley, causing the vegetable waste in the drum 21 to tumble. With the cooperation of the heating element 23 and the blower 22, the drum 21 always maintains a state of circulating hot air, so that the moisture in the vegetable waste continues to evaporate.

[0078] After being processed by drying device 2, the moisture content of the vegetable waste has been reduced to 5% to 10%, meeting the basic standards for organic feed. However, at this point, the vegetable waste still contains many hard particles that are not fully broken down, and its fineness remains at the level of roughage. These hard particles directly affect the palatability of the feed, leading to a decrease in animal appetite and feed intake, thereby affecting feed conversion efficiency and animal growth and development speed, and may even threaten animal health. Therefore, it is necessary to add a grinding device to refine the organic feed.

[0079] Please refer to Figure 5As shown, in this embodiment, the grinding device 3 includes a grinding chamber 31, a grinding disc, and a motor 32. The grinding chamber 31 is connected to the drum 31. The grinding disc is disposed in the grinding chamber 31 and includes a first grinding disc 33 and a second grinding disc 34. The motor 32 is coaxially connected to the first grinding disc 33, and the second grinding disc 34 is fixed to the bottom of the grinding chamber 31. This embodiment uses a structure similar to that of the solid-liquid separation device 1 to transport the waste food. The waste food is continuously transported to the grinding device 3 by a spiral shaft 36 driven by the motor 35. The motor 33 drives the first grinding disc 33 to rotate, which, together with the second grinding disc 34, crushes and finely grinds the waste food. At the same time, the rotation of the first grinding disc 33 also drives a large amount of air into the grinding chamber 31, allowing the crushed particles to be discharged through the screen 36. By selecting the mesh size of the screen 36, organic feed with different fineness can be obtained according to actual needs.

[0080] Please refer to Figure 2 As shown, the second waste vegetable processing component includes a waste vegetable crushing device 4 and a waste vegetable fermentation device 5. Its core function is to convert waste vegetables into organic fertilizer through wet decomposition and composting technology. The details are explained below.

[0081] Please refer to Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the vegetable waste crushing device 4 includes a crushing chamber 41, a spiral blade 42, and a motor 43. The second feed inlet 411 of the crushing chamber 41 is connected to the feed inlet of the vegetable waste feeding assembly. The spiral blade 42 is disposed in the crushing chamber 41, and a connecting shaft is provided on one side of the spiral blade 42. The motor 43 is connected to the spiral blade 42 through the connecting shaft. A material sensor is disposed on the fourth feed inlet 411, and the material sensor is used to detect the presence or absence of material.

[0082] In this embodiment, the motor 43 drives the connecting shaft via a pulley, which in turn drives the spiral blade 42 to rotate. After the waste enters the crushing chamber 41, the spiral blade 42 rotates to crush the waste, which is then discharged through the discharge port 412. After processing, the waste fragments can fully contact the microorganisms, and the changes in their physical state promote the decomposition and fermentation process of the microorganisms, thereby accelerating the conversion of the waste into organic fertilizer.

[0083] Please refer to Figure 7As shown, in this embodiment, the vegetable waste fermentation device 5 includes a fermentation tank 51, a stirring shaft 52, a heating pipe 53, and a motor 54. The third inlet 511 of the fermentation tank 51 is connected to the drain outlet 112 and the discharge outlet 412. The stirring shaft 52 is installed inside the fermentation tank 51, and the heating pipe 53 is installed on the outer surface of the fermentation tank 51. A connecting shaft is provided at one end of the fermentation tank 51, and the motor 54 is connected to the fermentation tank 51 through the connecting shaft. A material sensor is installed on the third inlet 511. In this embodiment, a blower 55 for air circulation is also connected to one end of the fermentation tank 51, and an air filter 56 is provided at the top of the fermentation tank 51. The air circulation inside the fermentation tank 51 is achieved through the blower 55 and the air filter 56. The crushed vegetable waste is fed into the fermentation tank 51, and fermentation bacteria are added to the fermentation tank 51 in proportion. The control system controls the heating pipe 53 to heat the tank to the optimal temperature for bacterial growth and maintains a constant temperature during the fermentation process. During fermentation, motor 54 operates continuously, ensuring thorough contact and mixing between the vegetable waste and microorganisms. Under the metabolic action of the microorganisms, the vegetable waste is decomposed in the fermentation tank. Blower 55 continuously operates to maintain air circulation within the tank. After the vegetable waste is fully decomposed in the tank, it becomes high-quality organic fertilizer, thus achieving the recycling of vegetable waste resources. Fermentation tank 51 is equipped with a material sensor and a temperature sensor. The material sensor is used to continuously monitor the accumulation of vegetable waste within the tank.

[0084] The above describes the specific devices. The control system is electrically connected to these devices, controlling the start and stop of each piece of equipment, and simultaneously receiving data signals from the sensors. In this embodiment, the control system integrates a communication module, a computing module, and a control module. The communication module is used for data transmission and status monitoring, and connects to each sensor via a serial port. The computing module receives and processes the information received by the communication module. The control module provides an operating interface for the operator to set and adjust parameters. In this embodiment, the control module is a touchscreen for easy parameter setting by the operator. The control module also includes an emergency stop switch and an alarm module. The emergency stop switch directly cuts off the system power supply in case of a fault, and the alarm module provides audible and visual alarms via alarm indicator lights or a buzzer to indicate abnormal conditions.

[0085] To further illustrate the improved effects of the present invention, the above-described control method for processing vegetable waste in a real-world scenario was applied and compared with conventional methods in a comparative experiment.

[0086] The experimental raw materials were broccoli florets of similar condition purchased on the same day. A total of 100 kg of broccoli florets was used in the experiment, which was evenly divided into four groups, with 25 kg of broccoli florets in each group. A control method was used in the experiment. Groups one and two served as control groups, while groups three and four were experimental groups using the prototype of the facility vegetable florets treatment system provided in Example 1. The treatment methods for each group are shown in Table 1. The microbial strain used to produce the organic fertilizer was a commercially available organic material composting agent that complies with NY609 standards; that is, a biological agent product composed of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms capable of decomposing various organic materials.

[0087] Table 1 Treatment methods for each experimental group

[0088]

[0089] After 7 days of continuous control testing, the test results are shown in Tables 2 to 4. The main performance evaluation indicators and product quality indicators include: dry matter content, crude protein content, lignin content, pH value, organic matter content, and nitrogen content.

[0090] Table 2. Nutritional composition of organic feed containing broccoli tails

[0091]

[0092] Table 3. pH changes during broccoli tail organic fertilizer fermentation.

[0093]

[0094] Table 4. Organic matter and nitrogen content in broccoli tail organic fertilizer

[0095]

[0096] The experimental results show that, compared with silage treatment, the organic feed obtained by using the prototype machine for broccoli waste processing as feed has a 5.1% higher crude protein content, an 18.5% higher lignin content, and a 33.6% higher dry matter content. This indicates that steam explosion technology can effectively modify the waste, improving soluble fiber content and physicochemical properties. Compared with traditional composting methods, the organic fertilizer obtained by using the prototype machine for broccoli waste processing has a similar pH value, but the key nutrient indicators, organic matter content and nitrogen content, are increased by 18.2% and 30.6%, respectively. The experimental data comparison shows that the organic feed and fertilizer produced by using the prototype machine for processing greenhouse vegetable waste have better performance than traditional methods, with a comprehensive utilization rate of over 96%. Furthermore, the prototype machine is convenient, fully automated, and highly efficient. In summary, the designed greenhouse vegetable waste processing system meets all performance requirements and can satisfy the processing needs of different types of greenhouse vegetable waste.

Claims

1. A control method for a facility vegetable waste treatment system, characterized in that, The facility vegetable waste processing system includes: a waste feeding component, a control system, a first waste processing component, and a second waste processing component. The control system is electrically connected to the waste feeding component, the first waste processing component, and the second waste processing component. Through the control system, the waste feeding component can optionally be connected to either the first waste processing component or the second waste processing component. The first waste processing component includes a steam explosion device, a solid-liquid separation device, a drying device, and a grinding device connected in sequence. The second waste processing component includes a waste crushing device and a waste fermentation device connected in sequence. Material sensors are installed on the steam explosion device, the waste crushing device, and the waste fermentation device. Humidity sensors are installed in the solid-liquid separation device and the drying device. The control method includes the following steps: S1. Select the first or second processing mode for leftover vegetables in the control system according to the type of leftover vegetables. S2. If the first tail vegetable processing mode is selected, the control system starts the tail vegetable feeding component and transports the tail vegetables into the first tail vegetable processing component. The control system receives the material sensor signal on the steam explosion device. When the material sensor senses the tail vegetables, the control system starts the steam explosion device to perform steam explosion processing on the tail vegetables and transports the tail vegetables after steam explosion processing to the solid-liquid separation device. S3. The solid-liquid separation device performs solid-liquid separation processing on the leftover vegetables. At the same time, the control system receives the humidity sensor signal in the solid-liquid separation device. When the humidity sensor detects that the moisture content of the leftover vegetables is lower than the set first humidity threshold, the control system starts the drying device and transports the leftover vegetables to the drying device. S4. The drying device heats and dries the vegetable waste. The control system receives the humidity sensor signal from the drying device. When the humidity sensor detects that the moisture content of the vegetable waste is lower than the set second humidity threshold, the control system starts the grinding device and transports the vegetable waste to the grinding device. After grinding, the vegetable waste is output as organic feed. S5. If the second tail vegetable processing mode is selected, the control system starts the tail vegetable feeding component to transport the tail vegetables into the second tail vegetable processing component. The control system receives the material sensor signal on the tail vegetable crushing device. When the material sensor senses the tail vegetables, the control system starts the tail vegetable crushing device to crush the tail vegetables and transports the crushed tail vegetables into the tail vegetable fermentation device. S6. The vegetable waste fermentation device ferments the vegetable waste according to preset parameters. The control system receives the material sensor signal on the vegetable waste fermentation device. When the amount of vegetable waste reaches the set threshold, the control system controls the vegetable waste fermentation device to add fermentation microorganisms to the vegetable waste. After fermentation, the vegetable waste is output as organic fertilizer.

2. The control method for the facility vegetable waste treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step S6 further includes: the control system receiving material sensor signals from the vegetable waste fermentation device according to a set cycle, and calculating the amount of microbial agent to be added for the next fermentation cycle through a PID control algorithm.

3. The control method for the facility vegetable waste treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step S6, calculating the dosage of microbial inoculant for the next fermentation cycle using a PID control algorithm includes: In the control system, a processing cycle length, D, is set. n Let P be the data set of the vegetable residue composition obtained by the material sensor and the ambient temperature obtained by the temperature sensor in the nth processing cycle. n M represents the processing result of the control system's calculation module on the above data set after the nth processing cycle. n+1 To apply P according to a preset function n The types of microbial agents required for the (n+1)th treatment cycle, obtained after calculation, are Q. n+1 The amount of microbial agent required for the (n+1)th treatment cycle: D n ={d1,d2,…,d k } P n =f(D n ) (M n+1 ,Q n+1 )=g(P n ) In the formula: k is the number of sensors, f is the processing function preset by the control system calculation module, and g is the calculation function preset by the control system calculation module; The main controller calculates M n+1 and Q n+1 The control system delivers the appropriate type and quantity of microbial agents at the start of the (n+1)th treatment cycle. Let R n+1 E represents the actual amount of microbial agent applied in the (n+1)th treatment cycle. n+1 For the error in the amount of delivery, u n+1 K is the output of the PID control algorithm. p K is the proportionality coefficient. i K is the integral coefficient. d These are the differential coefficients; The method for calculating the error in the amount of waste distributed is as follows: E n+1 =Q n+1 -R n+1 The PID control algorithm is as follows: The main controller is based on u n+1 Adjust the output of the control system so that the actual amount of microbial agent R applied in the (n+2)th treatment cycle is... n+2 Closer to the target delivery volume Q n+2 .

4. The control method for the facility vegetable waste treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tail vegetable feeding assembly includes a storage tank, a conveyor belt, and a feeding port, with the storage tank and feeding port respectively located at both ends of the conveyor belt.

5. The control method for the facility vegetable waste treatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The steam explosion device includes an explosion chamber and a steam generator and a control valve connected to the explosion chamber. The explosion chamber is connected to the feed inlet.

6. The control method for the facility vegetable waste treatment system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solid-liquid separation device includes a separation chamber, a spiral shaft, and a motor. The upper part of the separation chamber has a feed inlet, and the lower part has a drain outlet. The feed inlet is connected to the blasting chamber. A screen is provided on the drain outlet. The spiral shaft is located inside the separation chamber, and one end of the spiral shaft is connected to the motor. Solid filter holes are provided on the wall of the separation chamber opposite to the motor. The humidity sensor is located inside the separation chamber, and the material sensor is located at the feed inlet of the separation chamber. The drain outlet is connected to the vegetable waste fermentation device.

7. The control method for the facility vegetable waste treatment system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The drying device includes a drum, a blower, a heating element, and a motor. The drum is connected to the separation chamber, the blower is connected to the drum, the heating element is disposed on the outer surface of the drum, a drive shaft is provided at one end of the drum, and the drum is connected to the motor through the drive shaft. The humidity sensor is disposed inside the drum.

8. The control method for the facility vegetable waste treatment system according to claim 7, characterized in that: The grinding device includes a grinding chamber, a grinding disc, and a motor. The grinding chamber is connected to the roller, the grinding disc is disposed in the grinding chamber, and the motor is coaxially connected to the grinding disc.

9. The control method for the facility vegetable waste treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waste vegetable crushing device includes a crushing chamber, a spiral blade, and a motor. The crushing chamber is connected to the waste vegetable feeding assembly. The spiral blade is disposed in the crushing chamber. A connecting shaft is provided on one side of the spiral blade. The motor is connected to the spiral blade through the connecting shaft. The material sensor is disposed at the feed inlet of the crushing chamber.

10. The control method for the facility vegetable waste treatment system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The vegetable waste fermentation device includes a fermentation tank, a stirring shaft, a heating tube, and a motor. The fermentation tank is connected to the crushing chamber. The stirring shaft is installed in the fermentation tank. The heating tube is installed on the outer surface of the fermentation tank. A connecting shaft is provided at one end of the fermentation tank. The motor is connected to the fermentation tank through the connecting shaft. The material sensor is installed at the feed inlet of the fermentation tank.

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