An ultrasonic phantom material, its preparation method and application

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of bionic materials, and discloses an ultrasonic phantom material and a preparation method and application thereof. The ultrasonic phantom material is prepared from raw material components including a macromolecular monomer, a small-molecular monomer, a small-molecular crosslinking agent, a macromolecular crosslinking agent, a photoinitiator and water; the macromolecular monomer includes a hydrophilic substance with a double bond in a side chain and a hydrogen bond in a main chain; the small-molecular monomer includes an amide compound; the macromolecular crosslinking agent includes nano clay; and the small-molecular crosslinking agent is an organic crosslinking agent. The ultrasonic phantom material is a hydrogel elastomer with a self-healing function, has good transparency and mechanical properties, is good in tensile property, and is matched with good mechanical properties and ultrasonic transmission properties. The ultrasonic phantom material has a speed close to that of human tissue, i.e., 1540±10 m / s.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of biomimetic materials, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic phantom material and a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the medical field, an ultrasonic phantom is a tool used to simulate human tissues and organs for ultrasonic detection. Ultrasonic phantom materials are the core of the ultrasonic phantom. Ultrasonic phantom materials are usually made of materials similar to human tissues and have similar acoustic properties to human tissues. They play an important role in ultrasonic detection and imaging technology. The design of such materials aims to simulate the acoustic properties of human tissues, including sound velocity, sound attenuation coefficient and other key parameters, in order to better apply in the performance testing of ultrasonic equipment, medical student training and clinical skill practice.

[0003] The selection of ultrasonic phantom materials needs to meet several key requirements: ① Sound velocity matching: the sound velocity of the material should be similar to that of human tissues, usually within 1540±10 meters per second, to ensure that the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in the phantom is similar to that in the human body. ② Sound attenuation coefficient: the sound attenuation coefficient of the material should also match the attenuation coefficient of the human body, usually around 0.3 to 0.7 DB per megahertz per centimeter, to ensure the authenticity and accuracy of the ultrasonic image. ③ Biocompatibility: for some applications such as teaching and training, the phantom material also needs to have good biocompatibility to ensure the safety of the user. ④ Durability: the phantom for scientific research and teaching often needs more advanced and durable materials to withstand frequent use and disinfection processes.

[0004] In the prior art, hydrogel materials have been widely used in the preparation of ultrasonic phantom materials for simulating human tissues, but there are still significant technical bottlenecks: first, the mechanical properties of conventional hydrogel materials are poor and are prone to fragmentation. Although the modification can improve the mechanical properties such as elasticity and hardness, it often leads to an ultrasonic transmission rate exceeding the standard range of 1550m / s, making the ultrasonic transmission rate of the hydrogel phantom material not meet the requirements. This is because hydrogel as a solid-like material has viscoelastic characteristics, and its ultrasonic transmission rate is positively correlated with the elastic modulus. Improving the overall mechanical properties will inevitably lead to an increase in ultrasonic transmission rate, which is a key problem that restricts the improvement of material performance.

[0005] Secondly, in the application of ultrasound puncture, the existing hydrogel phantom material faces serious durability problems. When repeatedly punctured by puncture instruments such as needles, irreversible puncture marks are formed inside the material, which will produce artifacts in ultrasound imaging, seriously affecting the accurate positioning of the preset target in the phantom. In addition, although hydrogel has good flexibility, when the hydrogel is damaged during use, the microcracks inside the damaged hydrogel are difficult to recover and repair. The structural integrity and mechanical strength of the material are significantly reduced, the function is lost, and the service life is greatly shortened. With the increase of the number of punctures, the internal defects of the material accumulate, and finally the phantom completely fails. Therefore, how to improve the durability of the ultrasound phantom material under the condition of long-term repeated puncture is another technical problem to be solved.

[0006] Based on the above technical bottlenecks, it has become an urgent technical problem in the field to develop an ultrasound phantom material that can simultaneously meet the mechanical property requirements (including elasticity, hardness and anti-repeated puncture performance) and the ultrasound transmission rate requirements. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present application proposes an ultrasound phantom material and its preparation method and application. The ultrasound phantom material described in the present application is a hydrogel material that can simultaneously meet the mechanical property and ultrasound transmission rate requirements, and further has good self-healing performance, prolonging the working life of the hydrogel material. When the hydrogel material is used as an ultrasound puncture phantom, the repeated puncture performance is improved.

[0008] The ultrasound phantom material of the present application is formed by specific macromolecular monomers, small molecular monomers, small molecular crosslinking agents, macromolecular crosslinking agents, light initiators and water through light curing. Specifically, the self-healing hydrogel prepared by combining non-covalent bonds and dynamic covalent bonds has self-healing function, and the multiple network structure can be used to improve the mechanical strength of the hydrogel, and the hydrogel can also meet the requirement of similar ultrasound transmission rate of human tissue. This is a self-healing elastic hydrogel phantom. During the puncture process of the puncture instrument, puncture marks will be formed. Due to the self-repairing performance of the elastic self-healing hydrogel, the puncture marks will disappear slowly after a period of time. The self-repairing process is generally completed in 10 hours of standing, and the hydrogel phantom returns to the state before puncture.

[0009] The first aspect of the present application provides an ultrasound phantom material.

[0010] Specifically, an ultrasound phantom material, the raw material components include macromolecular monomers, small molecular monomers, small molecular crosslinking agents, macromolecular crosslinking agents, light initiators and water.

[0011] The macromonomer includes a hydrophilic substance with a side chain containing a double bond and a main chain containing a hydrogen bond.

[0012] The small molecule monomer includes an amide compound

[0013] The macromolecular crosslinking agent includes a nano-clay.

[0014] The small molecule crosslinking agent is an organic crosslinking agent.

[0015] Preferably, the macromonomer includes at least one of GelMA (methyl methacrylated gelatin), HAMA (methyl methacrylated hyaluronic acid), CSMA (methyl methacrylated chitosan), PEG (methyl methacrylated carrageenan), PVAMA (methyl methacrylated polyvinyl alcohol), and PEG (methyl methacrylated polyethylene glycol).

[0016] Preferably, in the raw material components of the ultrasound phantom material, the mass of the macromonomer accounts for 0.5-5% of the total mass of all raw material components, and further preferably 1-3%.

[0017] Preferably, the small molecule monomer includes at least one of N-(2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide, N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM), and acryloyl glycine amide (NAGA).

[0018] Preferably, in the raw material components of the ultrasound phantom material, the mass of the small molecule monomer accounts for 1-10% of the total mass of all raw material components, and further preferably 3-6%.

[0019] Preferably, the macromolecular crosslinking agent includes at least one of montmorillonite, hectorite, bentonite, and kaolin, and further preferably hectorite.

[0020] Preferably, in the raw material components of the ultrasound phantom material, the mass of the macromolecular crosslinking agent accounts for 0.5-5% of the total mass of all raw material components, and further preferably 1-3%.

[0021] Preferably, the small molecule crosslinking agent includes at least one of polyethylene glycol diacrylate and BIS (N,N-methylene bisacrylamide).

[0022] Preferably, in the raw material components of the ultrasound phantom material, the mass of the small molecule crosslinking agent accounts for 0.01-5% of the total mass of all raw material components, and further preferably 1-3%.

[0023] Preferably, the photoinitiator comprises at least one of phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl lithium phosphate (LAP), 2-hydroxy-1-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-1-propanone (Irgacure 2959), 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (184).

[0024] Preferably, the mass of the photoinitiator in the raw material components of the ultrasound phantom material accounts for 0.01-0.2% of the total mass of all raw material components, and further preferably 0.02-0.1%.

[0025] Preferably, the water is at least one of deionized water or distilled water.

[0026] Preferably, the raw material components of the ultrasound phantom material include, in terms of mass percentage, 0.5-5% of macromonomer, 1-10% of small molecule monomer, 0.01-5% of small molecule crosslinking agent, 0.5-5% of macromolecular crosslinking agent, 0.01-0.2% of photoinitiator, and 74.80-97.49% of water.

[0027] Preferably, the raw material components of the ultrasound phantom material further include spherical targets. Adding spherical targets is conducive to the repeated use of the obtained ultrasound phantom material in teaching and training processes.

[0028] The second aspect of the present application provides a preparation method of an ultrasound phantom material.

[0029] Specifically, the preparation method of the ultrasound phantom material comprises the following steps:

[0030] Mixing the raw material components to obtain a mixture, pouring the mixture into a mold for light curing to prepare the ultrasound phantom material.

[0031] Preferably, the wavelength of the light for light curing is 300-400 nm, and further preferably 340-380 nm.

[0032] Preferably, the light intensity for light curing is 100-500 mW / cm 2 , and further preferably 200-400 mW / cm 2 .

[0033] Preferably, the time for light curing is 30-300 minutes, and further preferably 60-250 minutes.

[0034] Preferably, the material of the mold is at least one of glass and acrylic. The surface of the mold is ensured to be clean and smooth to facilitate the observation of the transparency of the hydrogel after forming.

[0035] Preferably, after the photo-curing is finished, a layer of silica gel material is cured on the top of the mold. The formed silica gel layer seals the hydrogel inside the mold, preventing moisture evaporation.

[0036] Preferably, in the preparation method, a spherical target is also added during the mixing of the raw material components.

[0037] Preferably, the preparation method of the ultrasonic phantom material comprises the following steps:

[0038] (1) Weigh the macromolecular crosslinking agent (nanoclay) and add it to water. Stir at room temperature until it is fully dissolved. A magnetic stirrer or mechanical stirrer can be used. The stirring speed should be controlled within an appropriate range. The stirring time depends on the dissolution condition and is generally 1-5 hours, until a uniform solution is formed.

[0039] (2) Add the small molecule monomer to the above solution and stir to ensure that all components are fully mixed and uniform, forming a stable mixed solution.

[0040] (3) Add the macromolecular monomer to the above solution and continue stirring for 2-4 hours to ensure that all components are fully mixed and uniform, forming a stable mixed solution.

[0041] (4) Add the small molecule crosslinking agent to the above mixed solution and continue stirring for 2-4 hours to ensure that all components are fully mixed and uniform, forming a stable mixed solution.

[0042] (5) Finally, add the photoinitiator and stir until it is evenly distributed in the solution. The stirring time can be controlled within 0.5-1 hour.

[0043] (6) Pour the prepared hydrogel solution into a mold of the desired shape. The mold material can be glass or acrylic, ensuring that the mold surface is clean and smooth for easy observation of the transparency of the formed hydrogel.

[0044] (7) Place the mold containing the hydrogel solution in a photo-curing device. Choose an appropriate wavelength and intensity of light source. Generally, an ultraviolet-LED lamp with a wavelength range of 300-400 nm can be used. The light intensity should be adjusted according to the type and content of the photoinitiator, usually within 100-500 mW / cm 2 ;

[0045] (8) Perform the photo-curing reaction. The light exposure time depends on the thickness of the hydrogel and the activity of the photoinitiator, generally ranging from 30 to 300 minutes. The hydrogel solution is completely cured to form a hydrogel, and the ultrasonic phantom material is prepared.

[0046] Preferably, after the light curing is finished, a layer of silica gel material is cured on the top of the mold. The formed silica gel layer seals the hydrogel inside the mold, preventing moisture evaporation.

[0047] The third aspect of the present application provides an application of the ultrasonic phantom material.

[0048] An ultrasonic phantom comprising the ultrasonic phantom material described above.

[0049] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0050] 1) The ultrasonic phantom material of the present application is a hydrogel elastomer with self-healing function, which has good transparency and mechanical properties, good tensile property, and good matching between mechanical properties and ultrasonic transmission performance. The sound velocity of the ultrasonic phantom material of the present application is close to that of human tissue, which is 1540±10 m / s. Dynamic crosslinking macromolecular crosslinking agent such as nanoclay can effectively enhance the strength of the hydrogel, but when the amount of nanoclay increases, the transmission rate of the sound velocity will increase, so that the ultrasonic transmission rate exceeds the required range. At this time, the total monomer concentration can be effectively controlled by reducing the total monomer concentration, which can effectively reduce the ultrasonic transmission rate, so that the mechanical properties are improved and the ultrasonic transmission rate is matched. The macromolecular monomer of the present application can be combined with nanoclay at a lower concentration to obtain high-strength ultrasonic phantom material.

[0051] 2) The ultrasonic phantom material of the present application has the structural characteristics of multiple crosslinking: the present application adopts multiple crosslinking structure of hydrogen-bonded macromolecular monomer combined with hydrogen-bonded small molecular monomer, dynamic crosslinking macromolecular crosslinking agent combined with small molecular crosslinking agent, and physical crosslinking combined with chemical crosslinking; such structure enables the system to obtain high-strength hydrogel elastomer at a lower monomer concentration.

[0052] 3) The ultrasonic phantom material of the present application has self-healing property, and the traces and defects formed under repeated puncture can be automatically repaired within 10-10 hours, and the ultrasonic phantom material returns to the state before puncture.

[0053] Based on the above three points, the market core competitiveness of the ultrasonic phantom material is greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0054] Figure 1 The ultrasonic phantom material prepared in Example 1 of the present application is shown in the figure;

[0055] Figure 2 The puncture trace left by puncturing the ultrasonic phantom material prepared in Example 1 with a puncture needle is shown in the figure;

[0056] Figure 3Figure showing the puncture marks of the ultrasound phantom material prepared in Example 1 for puncture needle puncture after 10 hours of standing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] In order to make the skilled in the art more clearly understand the technical solutions described in the present application, the following examples are listed for illustration. It should be pointed out that the following examples do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection required by the present application.

[0058] The raw materials, reagents or devices used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained from conventional commercial channels, or can be obtained by existing known methods.

[0059] Methyl methacrylated gelatin is a commercial product, for example https: / / www.sigmaaldrich.cn / CN / zh / product / aldrich / 900622 records the relevant information of the product.

[0060] Methyl methacrylated hyaluronic acid is a commercial product, for example https: / / www.sigmaaldrich.cn / CN / zh / substance / hyaluronicacidmethacrylate1234598765 records the relevant information of the product.

[0061] Methyl methacrylated polyvinyl alcohol is a commercial product, for example https: / / www.otrixell.com / productinfo / 3025481.html records the relevant information of the product.

[0062] Example 1

[0063] An ultrasound phantom material, according to the mass percentage, the raw material components include GelMA (methyl methacrylated gelatin) 0.5%, N-(2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide 1%, polyethylene glycol diacrylate 0.01%, hectorite 0.5%, LAP (phenyl-2, 4, 6-trimethyl benzoyl lithium phosphite) 0.01% and deionized water balance.

[0064] A preparation method of an ultrasound phantom material, comprising the following steps:

[0065] (1) Take 0.5% hectorite (macromolecular crosslinking agent) and add it to deionized water, stir for 1 hour to form a uniform solution;

[0066] (2) Add 1% N-(2-hydroxyethyl) acrylamide (small molecule monomer) to the solution, continue to stir for 1 hour;

[0067] (3) continue to add 0.5% GelMA (methacrylated gelatin, macromolecular monomer), continue to stir for 1 hour;

[0068] (4) continue to add 0.01% polyethylene glycol diacrylate (small molecule crosslinking agent), continue to stir for 1 hour;

[0069] (5) continue to add 0.01% LAP (phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl lithium phosphite, photoinitiator), stir evenly, stir for 0.5 hours;

[0070] (6) pour the solution obtained in step (5) into a mold, and suspend several black plastic balls (as target points) in the solution with a fine metal needle, use a wavelength of 400nm ultraviolet-LED lamp, light intensity is 100mW / cm 2 , light curing time is 30 minutes, after light curing, the fine metal needle is extracted, and the black plastic balls are left in the artificial body;

[0071] (7) naturally cool and solidify a layer of silicone material on the top of the hydrogel (the process of solidifying a layer of silicone material belongs to the conventional technology in the art), to form an ultrasonic artificial body material.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] A method for preparing an ultrasonic artificial body material, comprising the following steps:

[0074] (1) take 5% laponite (macromolecular crosslinking agent) and add it to deionized water, stir for 5 hours to form a uniform solution;

[0075] (2) add 10% N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM, small molecule monomer) to the solution, continue to stir for 4 hours;

[0076] (3) continue to add 5% GelMA (methacrylated gelatin, macromolecular monomer), continue to stir for 4 hours;

[0077] (4) continue to add 0.1% polyethylene glycol diacrylate (small molecule crosslinking agent), continue to stir for 4 hours;

[0078] (5) continue to add 0.2% 2-hydroxy-1-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-1-propanone (Irgacure 2959) as a photoinitiator, stir evenly, and stir for 1 hour;

[0079] (6) pour the solution obtained in step (5) into a mold, and suspend several black plastic balls (as target points) in the solution with a fine metal needle, use a wavelength of 300nm ultraviolet-LED lamp, light intensity is 500mW / cm 2, light curing for 300 minutes, after light curing, the thin metal needle was extracted, and the black plastic balls were left in the phantom;

[0080] (7) naturally cooling and curing a layer of silicone material on top of the hydrogel to form the ultrasound phantom material.

[0081] Example 3

[0082] A method for preparing an ultrasound phantom material, comprising the following steps:

[0083] (1) Take 1% laponite (macromolecular crosslinking agent) and add it to deionized water, stir for 2 hours to form a uniform solution;

[0084] (2) Add 3% N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM, small molecule monomer) to the solution, continue to stir for 2 hours;

[0085] (3) Continue to add 1% GelMA (methyl methacrylate gelatin, macromolecular monomer), continue to stir for 2 hours;

[0086] (4) Continue to add 0.02% polyethylene glycol diacrylate (small molecule crosslinking agent), continue to stir for 2 hours;

[0087] (5) Continue to add 0.02% LAP (phenyl-2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl lithium phosphite) as a photoinitiator, stir until uniform, and stir for 0.5 hours;

[0088] (6) Pour the solution obtained in step (5) into a mold, and use a thin metal needle to suspend several black plastic balls (as target points) in the solution, use a wavelength of 365nm UV-LED lamp, light intensity of 200mW / cm 2 , light curing for 300 minutes, after light curing, the thin metal needle was extracted, and the black plastic balls were left in the phantom;

[0089] (7) naturally cooling and curing a layer of silicone material on top of the hydrogel to form the ultrasound phantom material.

[0090] Example 4

[0091] A method for preparing an ultrasound phantom material, comprising the following steps:

[0092] (1) Take 3% montmorillonite (macromolecular crosslinking agent) and add it to deionized water, stir for 3.5 hours to form a uniform solution;

[0093] (2) Add 6% N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM, small molecule monomer) to the solution, continue to stir for 3.5 hours;

[0094] (3) Continue to add 3% GelMA (methacrylated gelatin, macromolecular monomer), continue to stir for 3.5 hours;

[0095] (4) Continue to add 0.05% polyethylene glycol diacrylate (small molecule crosslinking agent), continue to stir for 3.5 hours;

[0096] (5) Continue to add 0.1% 2-hydroxy-1-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-1- propanone (Irgacure 2959) as a photoinitiator, stir evenly, and stir for 1 hour;

[0097] (6) Pour the solution obtained in step (5) into a mold, and suspend several black plastic balls (as target points) in the solution with a thin metal needle, use a UV-LED lamp with a wavelength of 350nm, the light intensity is 300mW / cm 2 , the light curing time is 120 minutes, after the light curing is completed, the thin metal needle is extracted, and the black plastic balls are left in the artificial body;

[0098] (7) Naturally cool and solidify a layer of silicone material on top of the hydrogel to form an ultrasonic artificial body material.

[0099] Example 5

[0100] A method for preparing an ultrasonic artificial body material, comprising the following steps:

[0101] (1) Take 2.5% bentonite (macromolecular crosslinking agent) and add it to deionized water, stir for 2.5 hours to form a uniform solution;

[0102] (2) Add 4% acryloyl glycineamide (NAGA, small molecule monomer) to the solution, continue to stir for 2.5 hours;

[0103] (3) Continue to add 2% methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA, macromolecular monomer), continue to stir for 2.5 hours;

[0104] (4) Continue to add 0.03% BIS (N,N-methylene bisacrylamide, small molecule crosslinking agent), continue to stir for 2.5 hours;

[0105] (5) Continue to add 0.03% 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (184) as a photoinitiator, stir evenly, and stir for 0.5 hours;

[0106] (6) Pour the solution obtained in step (5) into a mold, and suspend several black plastic balls (as target points) in the solution with a thin metal needle, use a UV-LED lamp with a wavelength of 375nm, the light intensity is 250mW / cm 2The light curing process is carried out for 90 minutes. After the light curing is completed, the thin metal needle is removed and the black plastic ball is left in the phantom.

[0107] (7) Allow the material to cool naturally and solidify a layer of silicone material on top of the hydrogel to form an ultrasonic biomimetic material.

[0108] Example 6

[0109] A method for preparing an ultrasonic phantom material includes the following steps:

[0110] (1) Take 4% kaolin (macromolecule crosslinking agent), add it to deionized water, and stir for 4 hours to form a homogeneous solution;

[0111] (2) Add 8% N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide (small molecule monomer) to the solution and continue stirring for 4 hours;

[0112] (3) Continue to add 4% methacrylated polyvinyl alcohol (PVAMA, macromonomer) and continue stirring for 4 hours;

[0113] (4) Continue to add 0.04% BIS (N,N-methylenebisacrylamide, a small molecule crosslinking agent) and continue stirring for 4 hours;

[0114] (5) Continue to add 0.04% LAP (phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl lithium phosphite) as a photoinitiator, stir evenly, and stir for 1 hour;

[0115] (6) Pour the solution obtained in step (5) into a mold, and suspend several black plastic balls (as target points) in the solution using a fine metal needle. Use a 330nm ultraviolet-LED lamp with a light intensity of 400mW / cm². 2 The light curing process was carried out for 180 minutes. After the light curing was completed, the thin metal needle was removed and the black plastic ball was left inside the phantom.

[0116] (7) Allow the material to cool naturally and solidify a layer of silicone material on top of the hydrogel to form an ultrasonic biomimetic material.

[0117] Comparative Example 1

[0118] Compared with Example 1, the only difference in Comparative Example 1 is that an equal amount of N-isopropylacrylamide was used instead of the methacrylated gelatin of Example 1 of the present invention; the rest of the process was the same as that of Example 1.

[0119] Comparative Example 2

[0120] Compared with Example 1, the only difference in Comparative Example 2 is that an equal amount of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is used instead of lithium saponite in Example 1 of the present invention; the rest of the process is the same as in Example 1.

[0121] Comparative Example 3

[0122] Comparative Example 3 is different from Example 1 only in that an equal amount of dolomite is used to replace the hectorite in Example 1 of the application, and the rest of the process is the same as Example 1.

[0123] Product effect test

[0124] The ultrasonic phantom materials prepared in the above examples and comparative examples containing different nanoclay were tested for transparency using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, with a wavelength range of 400-800 nm, and the light transmittance at 550 nm is shown in Table 1.

[0125] The ultrasonic phantom materials prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were tested for tensile strength using a universal material testing machine, with a tensile rate of 5 mm / min, and the elongation at break obtained by testing is shown in Table 1.

[0126] The ultrasonic phantom materials prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were tested for Young's modulus, sound velocity and acoustic attenuation according to the method of Appendix B of the technical requirements of YYT1521-2017 ultrasonic elastic tissue phantom, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0127] Self-repairing performance test: a puncture needle was used to puncture the ultrasonic phantom materials prepared in the above examples and comparative examples, leaving a puncture mark on the ultrasonic phantom material, and the puncture mark and the recovery of the phantom were observed after 10 hours.

[0128] Table 1

[0129]

[0130] As can be seen from Table 1, the ultrasonic phantom materials prepared in Examples 1-6 of the application can simultaneously have good mechanical properties and sound velocity matching human tissue.

[0131] As can be seen from the results of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3, the mechanical properties and sound velocity matching effect of the ultrasonic phantom materials prepared in the examples of the application are significantly better than those of Comparative Examples 1-3. Therefore, the technical solution of the application has a specific selection for raw material components.

[0132] The ultrasonic phantom material prepared in Example 4 was placed in a water bath at different temperatures (such as 20℃, 30℃, 40℃), and the volume change of the ultrasonic phantom material was observed. The results showed that at 20℃, the light transmittance of the ultrasonic phantom material at 550 nm was 95%; when the temperature was raised to 30℃, the light transmittance changed to 93%; and when the temperature was raised to 40℃, the light transmittance was 55%, indicating that the ultrasonic phantom material prepared in Example 4 has temperature response performance due to the introduction of NIPAM, and the ultrasonic phantom material undergoes a microphase transition behavior as the temperature rises.

[0133] The hydrogel cytotoxicity test method was carried out according to the national standard GB / T16886.5-2017 "Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices - Part 5: In Vitro Cytotoxicity Tests", using the MTT assay (a method for detecting cell viability and growth). The results showed that the hydrogel prepared in Example 1 of this invention has good biocompatibility and can meet the basic requirements for biomedical applications.

[0134] Figure 1 This is a photograph of the ultrasonic phantom material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention; Figure 1 In image (a), the milky white layer is a silicone layer; in image (b), the ultrasonic phantom material without the silicone layer is shown. Figure 1 It can be seen that the ultrasonic phantom material (or hydrogel) is tightly bonded to the silicone layer, without any delamination or cracking, indicating that the ultrasonic phantom material has good structural stability and can be used to simulate the long-term performance of biological tissues in physiological environments.

[0135] Figure 2 Image of the puncture mark left by puncturing the ultrasonic phantom material prepared in Example 1 with a puncture needle; from Figure 2 It can be seen that puncture marks will be left in the ultrasonic phantom material after puncture.

[0136] Figure 3 Image showing the puncture mark after the ultrasonic phantom material prepared in Example 1 for puncture needle insertion has been left to stand for 10 hours. Figure 3 As can be seen, after 10 hours of standing, there are basically no visible puncture marks, indicating that the ultrasonic phantom material prepared by this invention has good self-healing properties.

Claims

1. An ultrasonic phantom material, characterized in that, The raw material components, by mass percentage, include 0.5-5% macromolecular monomers, 1-10% small molecule monomers, 0.01-5% small molecule crosslinking agents, 0.5-5% macromolecular crosslinking agents, 0.01-0.2% photoinitiator, and 74.80-97.49% water. The macromonomers include at least one of methacrylated gelatin, methacrylated hyaluronic acid, methacrylated chitosan, methacrylated carrageenan, methacrylated polyvinyl alcohol, and methacrylated polyethylene glycol. The small molecule monomer includes at least one of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, and acryloylglycamide; The macromolecular crosslinking agent includes at least one of montmorillonite, lithium saponite, bentonite, and kaolinite; The small molecule crosslinking agent includes at least one of polyethylene glycol diacrylate and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide.

2. The ultrasonic phantom material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photoinitiator includes at least one of phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl lithium phosphite, 2-hydroxy-1-(4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl)-2-methyl-1-propanone, and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone; and / or, in the raw material components of the ultrasonic phantom material, the mass of the photoinitiator accounts for 0.01-0.2% of the total mass of all raw material components.

3. The method for preparing the ultrasonic phantom material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The raw material components are mixed to obtain a mixture, which is then poured into a mold for photocuring to obtain the ultrasonic phantom material.

4. The preparation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wavelength of the light used for photocuring is 300-400 nm; and / or the light intensity used for photocuring is 100-500 mW / cm². 2 ; and / or, the photocuring time is 30-300 minutes; and / or, the mold material is at least one of glass and acrylic; and / or, after the photocuring is completed, a layer of silicone material is cured on the top of the mold.

5. An ultrasonic phantom, characterized in that, Includes the ultrasonic phantom material as described in claim 1 or 2.

Images