Arthropod control composition

Abstract

The present invention relates to an arthropod control composition, a method and use for controlling arthropods, and a consumer product comprising the arthropod control composition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to arthropod control compositions, methods and uses for controlling arthropods, and consumer products comprising such arthropod control compositions. Background Art

[0002] Many mammals, including humans, are infested by arthropods. Some arthropods, such as mosquitoes and ticks, are undesirable for vertebrates, such as mammals, especially human subjects, because they bite the subject and thus cause itching, disease and / or transmission of bacteria, or may be the cause of other diseases and / or disorders. Similarly, other pests indirectly affect human activities or society by consuming, parasitizing or damaging plant materials used as food, feed or raw materials. Still other pests damage or weaken furniture or structures used or built by humans. These damages may be directly attributable to arthropods or to their ability to transmit bacteria that cause these problems.

[0003] Arthropod control compositions include active substances that, when applied to the skin, clothing or other surfaces, may prevent arthropods from landing or climbing on that surface. Arthropod control agents help prevent and control the outbreak of arthropod-borne diseases such as malaria.

[0004] However, some known arthropod control agents and compositions have certain disadvantages because they may have negative effects, namely negative olfactory properties, such as no odor or unpleasant odor, or conversely only weak arthropod control, especially arthropod repellent properties.

[0005] There is a need to find more compounds that can effectively control arthropods. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0006] Figure 1 : Percentage of repellency of Aedes aegypti landing on a warm body baited with 40 μg of C 10 γ-lactones of different chain lengths. Each point represents the mosquito repellent effect caused by a saturated γ-lactone (black circles) or an unsaturated γ-lactone (grey squares). The average number of mosquitoes landing on a warm body baited only with solvent (ethanol) was 66.7 ± 7.7 landings in 2 minutes.

[0007] Figure 2 : Percentage of repellency of Aedes aegypti landing on a warm body baited with different concentrations of C 10 γ-lactones. Each point represents the repellency against saturated C 10 γ-lactone 5-hexyloxolane-2-one (black circles) and unsaturated C 10Reaction of γ-lactone 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one (grey square), with 13 concentrations. The average number of mosquitoes landing on a warm body baited only with the solvent (ethanol) was 62.7 ± 1.2 landings in 2 minutes.

[0008] Figure 3 : Percentage of repellency of Aedes aegypti landing on warm bodies baited with different concentrations of C 10 δ-lactone. Each point represents the reaction to saturated C 10 δ-lactone 6-pentyloxan-2-one (black circles) and unsaturated C 10 δ-lactone 6-pent-2-enyloxan-2-one (dark grey squares) and 6-pent-3-enyloxan-2-one (light grey triangles), with 13 concentrations. The average number of mosquitoes landing on a warm body baited only with the solvent (ethanol) was 69.7 ± 5.1 landings in 2 minutes.

[0009] Figure 4 : Percentage of repellency of Anopheles gambiae landing on warm bodies baited with different concentrations of C 10 δ-lactone. Each point represents the reaction to saturated C 10 δ-lactone 6-pentyloxan-2-one (black circles) and unsaturated C 10 δ-lactone 6-pent-2-enyloxan-2-one (dark grey squares) and 6-pent-3-enyloxan-2-one (light grey triangles), with 13 concentrations. The average number of mosquitoes landing on a warm body baited only with the solvent (ethanol) was 69.7 ± 5.1 landings in 2 minutes.

[0010] Figure 5 : Percentage of repellency of Aedes aegypti landing on human forearms at different post-application times treated with C 10 δ-lactone (20% ethanol solution). Each point represents the reaction (mean ± SD) to saturated C 10 δ-lactone 6-pentyloxan-2-one (black circles) and unsaturated C 10 δ-lactone 6-pent-2-enyloxan-2-one (dark grey squares) and 6-pent-3-enyloxan-2-one (light grey triangles). During the 3-minute test period, the untreated arms received 374, 377, and 472 mosquito landings respectively. For the benefit of the human volunteers, the test was stopped when the mosquito repellency rate for all volunteers was less than 90%. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The present invention provides an arthropod control composition comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of the following formula:

[0012]

[0013] wherein R1 represents hydrogen, or a straight-chain or branched-chain C having 0 to 2 degrees of unsaturation 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group;

[0014] wherein R2 represents hydrogen, or a straight-chain or branched-chain C having 0 to 3 degrees of unsaturation 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group; or

[0015] wherein when R1 and R2 are taken together, they form a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or an aromatic ring, which may optionally be substituted with one or more methyl or ethyl groups;

[0016] wherein n is an integer from 1 to 3;

[0017] wherein R3 represents hydrogen, or a straight-chain or branched-chain C having 0 to 3 degrees of unsaturation 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group;

[0018] wherein the dashed line in formula (I) indicates that the double bond can be present at any position on the lactone ring.

[0019] The term "hydrocarbyl group" has its usual meaning in the art, i.e., a group consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

[0020] The term "degree of unsaturation" means the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond or triple bond in the lactone side chain.

[0021] According to the present invention, when R1 and R2 are taken together, they can form a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkenyl group or an aromatic ring, which may optionally be substituted with one or more methyl or ethyl groups. In this case, the R1 and R2 groups in formula (I) are preferably attached to adjacent carbon atoms.

[0022] In a specific embodiment, when R1 and R2 are taken together, they do not form an aromatic ring, especially not a benzene ring.

[0023] According to the present invention, the dashed line in formula (I) indicates that the double bond can be present at any position on the lactone ring. Preferably, the double bond is present at a position adjacent to the carbonyl carbon atom. In a specific embodiment, there is no double bond on the lactone ring.

[0024] The term "optionally" should be understood to mean that a group to be optionally substituted may or may not be substituted with a certain chemical group, such as a methyl or ethyl group.

[0025] In a specific embodiment, the compound conforms to formula (I). In another embodiment, the compound conforms to formula (II).

[0026] In a particular embodiment, n is the integer 1 or 2, preferably 1. In another embodiment, n is the integer 2.

[0027] In a particular embodiment, R1 and R2, R1 and R3, or R2 and R3 are on the same carbon atom in formula (I), preferably on the carbon atom adjacent to the oxygen atom in the ring. In said embodiment, the R groups on the same carbon atom are preferably straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl groups.

[0028] In a particular embodiment, at least one of R1 to R3 represents a straight-chain C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having at least one degree of unsaturation, preferably a straight-chain C 4 -C 8 hydrocarbyl group having at least one degree of unsaturation.

[0029] In a particular embodiment, at least one of R1 to R3 represents a straight-chain C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having one degree of unsaturation, preferably a straight-chain C 4 -C 8 hydrocarbyl group having one degree of unsaturation.

[0030] In a particular embodiment, at least one of R1 to R3 represents a straight-chain C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having two degrees of unsaturation, preferably a straight-chain C 4 -C 8 hydrocarbyl group having two degrees of unsaturation.

[0031] In a particular embodiment, none of R1 to R3 represents a branched C 4 -C 5 hydrocarbyl group having at least one degree of unsaturation.

[0032] In a particular embodiment, at least one of R1 to R3 represents a straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having at least one degree of unsaturation, preferably a straight-chain or branched C 2 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having at least one degree of unsaturation, more preferably a straight-chain or branched C 2 -C 3 or C 6 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group, most preferably a straight-chain or branched C 2 -C 3 or C 6-C 9 or C 11 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0033] In a specific embodiment, at least one of R1 to R3 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having two or three degrees of unsaturation, preferably a straight-chain or branched-chain C 2 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having two or three degrees of unsaturation, more preferably a straight-chain or branched-chain C 2 -C 9 or C 11 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group. In particular, R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having two or three degrees of unsaturation, preferably a straight-chain or branched-chain C 2 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having two or three degrees of unsaturation, more preferably a straight-chain or branched-chain C 2 -C 9 or C 11 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0034] In a specific embodiment, none of R1 to R3 represents a C 10 hydrocarbyl group. In particular, R2 does not represent a C 10 hydrocarbyl group.

[0035] In a specific embodiment, none of R1 to R3 represents a decenyl group. In particular, R2 does not represent a decenyl group.

[0036] In a specific embodiment, none of R1 to R3 represents a dec-1-enyl group. In particular, R2 does not represent a dec-1-enyl group.

[0037] In a specific embodiment, the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of the following formulas:

[0038]

[0039] In said embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and the dashed lines in formulas (III) and (IV) indicate that the double bond can be located at any position on the lactone ring, preferably adjacent to the carbonyl carbon atom.

[0040] In a specific embodiment, the compound of formula (I) conforms to formula (III). In one embodiment, there is a double bond in the lactone ring of formula (III). In another embodiment, there is no double bond in the lactone ring of formula (III). Preferably, there is no double bond in the lactone ring of formula (IV).

[0041] In a specific embodiment, the compound of formula (I) conforms to formula (IV). In one embodiment, there is a double bond in the lactone ring of formula (IV). In another embodiment, there is no double bond in the lactone ring of formula (IV). Preferably, there is no double bond in the lactone ring of formula (IV).

[0042] In a specific embodiment, the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of the following formulas:

[0043]

[0044] In the said embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen. In the said embodiment, the lactone ring of the compound does not contain a double bond.

[0045] In a specific embodiment, the compound of formula (I) conforms to formula (V).

[0046] In a specific embodiment, the compound of formula (I) conforms to formula (VI).

[0047] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 3 degrees of unsaturation.

[0048] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C 2 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 3 degrees of unsaturation.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain C 2 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 3 degrees of unsaturation.

[0050] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having 1 degree of unsaturation.

[0051] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C 2 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having 1 degree of unsaturation.

[0052] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C with 2 degrees of unsaturation 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0053] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C with 2 degrees of unsaturation 2 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0054] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C with 3 degrees of unsaturation 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C with 3 degrees of unsaturation 2 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0056] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C with 1 to 3 degrees of unsaturation 2 -C 9 or C 11 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0057] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C with 1 degree of unsaturation 2 -C 9 or C 11 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0058] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C with 2 degrees of unsaturation 2 -C 9 or C 11 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0059] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C with 3 degrees of unsaturation 2 -C 9 or C 11 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0060] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C with 1 to 3 degrees of unsaturation 2 -C 3 、C 6 -C9 or C 11 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0061] In a particular embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C 2 -C 3 , C 6 -C 9 or C 11 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0062] In a particular embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C 2 -C 3 , C 6 -C 9 or C 11 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0063] In a particular embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C 2 -C 3 , C 6 -C 9 or C 11 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group.

[0064] In a particular embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C 8 -C 12 hydrocarbyl group.

[0065] In a particular embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C 8 -C 12 hydrocarbyl group.

[0066] In a particular embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C 8 -C 12 hydrocarbyl group.

[0067] In a particular embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C 8 -C 12 hydrocarbyl group.

[0068] In a particular embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C 8 -C 12Hydrocarbyl group.

[0069] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C having 1 to 3 degrees of unsaturation 4 -C 10 hydrocarbyl group, preferably C 4 -C 8 hydrocarbyl group.

[0070] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C having 1 degree of unsaturation 4 -C 10 hydrocarbyl group, preferably C 4 -C 8 hydrocarbyl group.

[0071] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C having 2 degrees of unsaturation 4 -C 10 hydrocarbyl group, preferably C 4 -C 8 hydrocarbyl group.

[0072] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C having 3 degrees of unsaturation 6 -C 10 hydrocarbyl group, preferably C 4 -C 8 hydrocarbyl group.

[0073] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C having 1 to 3 degrees of unsaturation 10 hydrocarbyl group.

[0074] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C having 1 degree of unsaturation 10 hydrocarbyl group.

[0075] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C having 2 degrees of unsaturation 10 hydrocarbyl group.

[0076] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C having 3 degrees of unsaturation 10 hydrocarbyl group.

[0077] In a specific embodiment, R1 and R3 are hydrogen, and R2 represents a C having no degree of unsaturation 7 -C 10 hydrocarbyl group. In other words, in the said embodiment, R2 represents a straight-chain or branched-chain C 7 -C 10Alkyl.

[0078] In a particular embodiment, the compound is selected from the group consisting of 5-propyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-butyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-pentyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-hexyl-oxolane-2-one, and any combination thereof.

[0079] In a particular embodiment, the compound is 5-propyl-oxolane-2-one.

[0080] In a particular embodiment, the compound is 5-butyl-oxolane-2-one.

[0081] In a particular embodiment, the compound is 5-pentyl-oxolane-2-one.

[0082] In a particular embodiment, the compound is 5-hexyl-oxolane-2-one.

[0083] In a particular embodiment, the compound is 5-hexyl-5-methyl-oxolane-2-one.

[0084] In a particular embodiment, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 5-but-3-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-pent-3-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 2-pentyl-2H-furan-5-one, 5-hex-1-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-hex-2-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-hex-3-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-hex-4-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-hex-5-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-oct-1-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-oct-2-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-oct-3-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-oct-4-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-[(E)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one, 5-[(Z)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one, 5-oct-6-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-oct-7-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-[(1E,5Z)-octa-1,5-dienyl]oxolane-2-one, 5-octa-1,5-dienyl-oxolane-2-one, 6-pent-2-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 6-pent-3-enyl-oxolane-2-one, 5-hexyl-5-methyl-oxolane-2-one, 1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one, and any combination thereof.

[0085] In a specific embodiment, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 5-but-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-pent-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-1-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-2-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-4-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-5-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-1-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-2-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-4-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-[(E)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one, 5-[(Z)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one, 5-oct-6-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-7-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-[(1E,5Z)-octa-1,5-dienyl]oxolane-2-one, 6-pent-2-enyloxolane-2-one, 6-pent-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hexyl-5-methyloxolane-2-one, and any combination thereof.

[0086] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-but-3-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0087] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-pent-3-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0088] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-hex-1-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0089] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-hex-2-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0090] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0091] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-hex-4-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0092] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-hex-5-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0093] In a specific embodiment, the compound is a mixture of 5-hex-2-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one and 5-hex-4-enyloxolane-2-one. Preferably, it contains 43 wt% of 5-hex-2-enyloxolane-2-one, 25 wt% of 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one and 32 wt% of 5-hex-4-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0094] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-oct-1-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0095] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-oct-2-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0096] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-oct-3-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0097] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-[(E)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one.

[0098] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-[(Z)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one.

[0099] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-oct-5-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0100] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-oct-6-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0101] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-oct-7-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0102] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-[(1E,5Z)-octa-1,5-dienyl]oxolane-2-one.

[0103] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-octa-1,5-dienyloxolane-2-one.

[0104] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 6-pent-2-enyloxane-2-one.

[0105] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 6-pent-3-enyloxane-2-one.

[0106] In a specific embodiment, the compound is selected from the group consisting of: 5-but-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-pent-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-1-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-5-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-1-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-2-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-[(E)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one, 5-[(Z)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one, 5-oct-6-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-7-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-[(1E,5Z)-octa-1,5-dienyl]oxolane-2-one, 5-octa-1,5-dienyloxolane-2-one, 6-pent-2-enyloxane-2-one, 6-pent-3-enyloxane-2-one, and any combination thereof.

[0107] In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-but-3-enyloxolane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-pent-3-enyloxolane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-hex-1-enyloxolane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-hex-5-enyloxolane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-oct-1-enyloxolane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-oct-2-enyloxolane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-oct-3-enyloxolane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-[(E)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-[(Z)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-oct-6-enyloxolane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-oct-7-enyloxolane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 5-[(1E,5Z)-octa-1,5-dienyl]oxolane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 6-pent-2-enyloxane-2-one. In a specific embodiment, the compound is 6-pent-3-enyloxane-2-one.

[0108] In a particular embodiment, the compound is selected from the group consisting of 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 6-pent-2-enyloxane-2-one, and 6-pent-3-enyloxane-2-one, and any combination thereof.

[0109] According to any of the above embodiments of the present invention, the compounds of formula (I) to formula (VI) may have several stereocenters, and each of said stereocenters may have two different stereochemistries (e.g., R or S). The compounds of formula (I) to formula (VI) may even be in the form of pure enantiomers or a mixture of multiple enantiomers or diastereomers. The compounds of formula (I) to formula (VI) may be in racemic form or non-racemic (scalemic) form. Thus, the compounds of formula (I) to formula (VI) may be a single stereoisomer or in the form of a substance composition containing or consisting of various stereoisomers. All structural isomers and stereoisomers are respectively covered in the above compounds and structures, especially in relation to the Z / E-isomers in the case of unsaturation of the lactone ring side chain. Thus, all Z / E-isomers are covered if not explicitly stated. In fact, the said compounds with unsaturation may be in the form of their E or Z isomers, or in the form of a mixture thereof. In particular, the compounds according to the above formulae may be in the form of a mixture consisting of isomers E and Z, and wherein the isomer E accounts for at least 50%, even at least 75% of the total mixture (i.e., the mixture E / Z is between 75 / 25 and 100 / 0). The compounds of formula (I) to formula (VI) may be pure enantiomers or diastereomers.

[0110] In a particular embodiment, 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one is (Z)-5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0111] In a particular embodiment, 6-pent-2-enyloxane-2-one is (6R)-(Z)-6-pent-2-enyloxane-2-one or (6S)-(Z)-6-pent-2-enyloxane-2-one.

[0112] In a particular embodiment, 6-pent-3-enyloxane-2-one is (E)-6-pent-3-enyloxane-2-one.

[0113] In a particular embodiment, the compound is 1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one.

[0114] In a particular embodiment, the compound is selected from the group consisting of the following compounds and any combination thereof:

[0115] Compound Name (3R,4S)-3-[(1E)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-4-pentyloxetan-2-one (3R,4R)-3-[(1E)-buta-1,3-dienyl]-4-pentyloxetan-2-one 6-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]oxan-2-one (6R)-6-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]oxan-2-one (6S)-6-[(Z)-pent-2-enyl]oxan-2-one 6-[(E)-pent-3-enyl]oxan-2-one 5-hexyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one 5-heptyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one 5-octyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (4aS,7S,7aR)-4,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4aH-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one 5-pentyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one 5-(3 / 4-hexen-1-yl)-3-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 5-[(Z)-hex-3-enyl]oxolane-2-one 5-hex-5-enyloxolane-2-one 5-[(E)-hex-1-enyl]oxolane-2-one 5-[(E)-hex-3-enyl]oxolane-2-one 3-butylidene-2-benzofuran-1-one 3-butylidene-2-benzofuran-1-one 5-[(Z)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one 5-[(Z)-oct-6-enyl]oxolane-2-one 5-[(1E,5Z)-octa-1,5-dienyl]oxolane-2-one 5-[(E)-oct-2-enyl]oxolane-2-one 5-oct-7-enyloxolane-2-one 5-[(E)-oct-6-enyl]oxolane-2-one 5-[(E)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one 5-[(E)-oct-3-enyl]oxolane-2-one 4,4,7a-trimethyl-3a,5-dihydro-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one 5-(1 / 2-buten-1-yl)-3-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone 5-but-3-enyloxolane-2-one 5-[3-penten-1-yl]dihydro-2(3H)-furanone 2-pentyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one 2-heptyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one 3-butadienyl-4-pentyloxetan-2-one 6-pent-2-enyloxan-2-one 4,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-4aH-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one 5-hex-1-enyloxolane-2-one 5-oct-5-enyloxolane-2-one 5-oct-6-enyloxolane-2-one 5-octa-1,5-dienyloxolane-2-one 5-oct-2-enyloxolane-2-one 5-Sin-6-enyloxolane-2-one 5-Sin-5-enyloxolane-2-one 5-Sin-3-enyloxolane-2-one

[0116] In a specific embodiment, the compound is selected from the group consisting of the following compounds and any combination thereof:

[0117]

[0118]

[0119]

[0120]

[0121]

[0122]

[0123]

[0124]

[0125]

[0126] In a specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition has good palatability characteristics.

[0127] The term "arthropod" has its normal meaning to those skilled in the art. Arthropods include invertebrates such as insects, arachnids, and crustaceans, which have a segmented body and jointed appendages. Arthropods typically have a chitinous exoskeleton that molts at intervals, and a dorsal forebrain connected to a ventral nerve cord ganglion.

[0128] In the context of the present invention, arthropods refer to unwanted arthropods, which means that they are not desired to be present in the air, on the surface of articles, on the surface of plants, or on the surface of vertebrates (such as human subjects or other mammals, preferably human subjects). Preferably, the unwanted arthropods are harmful arthropods that affect plants and animals, such as thrips, aphids, beetles, moths, mealybugs, scale insects, etc., more preferably harmful arthropods that affect animals, such as ants, termites, cockroaches, flies, etc., even more preferably blood-sucking arthropods that affect vertebrates, such as biting flies, bed bugs, kissing bugs, fleas, lice, mosquitoes, and ticks, and even more preferably mosquitoes and ticks.

[0129] The reasons for the undesired presence of arthropods may be that the presence of arthropods in the air is unpleasant for the subject, that arthropod contact with articles can spread diseases and / or germs, or that arthropod bites on organisms cause itching, diseases and / or the spread of germs, or that arthropod feeding may be the cause of other diseases and / or disorders.

[0130] In a particular embodiment, the arthropod is an insect or an arachnid, preferably an insect.

[0131] The term "insect" has the ordinary understanding of those skilled in the art. Insects are described as having a distinct head, thorax, and abdomen, only three pairs of legs, and usually one or two pairs of wings.

[0132] In a particular embodiment, the insect is a mosquito, biting fly, bedbug, kissing bug, flea, louse, ant, termite, cockroach, fly, aphid, beetle, thrips, moth, mealybug, or scale insect pest, more preferably a mosquito.

[0133] The term "arachnid" has the ordinary understanding of those skilled in the art. Arachnids are described as having a segmented body divided into two regions, with four pairs of legs but no antennae in the front part.

[0134] In a particular embodiment, the arachnid is a tick, mite, chigger, or spider, more preferably a tick.

[0135] Expressions such as "control", "arthropod control", "insect control", or "arachnid control" have their ordinary meanings to those skilled in the art.

[0136] In the context of the present invention, "controlling" defines the ability of an arthropod control composition according to the present invention to attract, deter, kill, or repel arthropods, preferably to deter or repel arthropods, and even more preferably to repel arthropods.

[0137] "Attracting" according to the present invention defines the ability of an arthropod attractant composition according to the present invention to increase or promote the contact or presence of arthropods at an arthropod attractant source, for example in the air, on the surface of an article, or on a vertebrate such as a human subject or other mammal, preferably on the surface of an article such as a trapping device to which an arthropod attractant compound or composition has been applied.

[0138] "Repellency" according to the present invention defines the ability of an arthropod repellent composition according to the present invention to minimize, reduce, deter or prevent arthropods from approaching or being present at a source of an arthropod repellent, e.g., in air, on the surface of an article or on the surface of a vertebrate such as a human subject or other mammal, preferably a human subject, to which an arthropod repellent compound or composition has been applied.

[0139] "Deterring" according to the present invention defines the ability of an arthropod deterrent composition according to the present invention to minimize, reduce, deter or prevent contact or presence of arthropods at a source of an arthropod deterrent, e.g., in air, on the surface of an article or on the surface of a vertebrate such as a human subject or other mammal, preferably a human subject, to which an arthropod deterrent compound or composition has been applied. Generally, when used as a feeding deterrent, deterrence is shown after the arthropod deterrent compound or composition is initially tasted, hindering subsequent food intake or egg laying by the pest.

[0140] "Spatial repellency" according to the present invention defines the ability of an arthropod repellent composition according to the present invention to minimize, reduce, deter or prevent arthropods from approaching or being present at a source of an arthropod repellent, e.g., in air, on the surface of an article or on the surface of a vertebrate such as a human subject or other mammal, preferably a human subject, to which an arthropod repellent compound or composition has been applied. Generally, when a spatial repellent compound or composition released, sprayed, dispersed or diffused in air or liquid hinders pests from entering the area where the spatial repellent compound or composition is present, a spatial repellent effect is shown. Thus, the repellent action occurs from a distance and the pest does not necessarily come into direct contact with the treated article or organism to be protected.

[0141] "Killing" according to the present invention defines the ability of an arthropod killing composition according to the present invention to kill arthropods at a source of an arthropod killer, e.g., in air, on the surface of an article or on the surface of a vertebrate such as a human subject or other mammal, preferably a human subject, to which an arthropod killing compound or composition has been applied. When an arthropod killing composition is applied to a plant, animal or human subject, it is applied in an amount that kills the arthropods but not the subject.

[0142] In a specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a control composition for unwanted crawling arthropods or unwanted flying arthropods, preferably a control composition for any organism harmful to or related to the human organism, more preferably a control composition for blood-sucking arthropods or arthropods that infest textiles or arthropods that infest stored products, more preferably a control composition for cockroaches or ants or termites or bed bugs or ticks or mites or fleas or litter beetles or flies or mosquitoes or wasps or bumblebees or biting midges or moths or silverfish or flies on livestock or fruit flies or scuttle flies or stable flies or lice or kissing bugs or midges or moths or beetles.

[0143] In a specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a hematophagous arthropod control composition, preferably a control composition for Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Ixodes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Ornithodoros spp., Neotrombicula spp., Phtirus spp., Glossina spp., Tabanus spp., Atylus spp., Chrysops spp., Haematopota spp., Haematobia spp., Haematobosca spp., Stomoxys spp., Phlebotomus spp., Culicoides spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Phtirus spp., Pediculus spp., Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., Cimex spp., Ixodes spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Argas spp., Ornithodoros spp., Neotrombicula spp., Varroa spp., Dermatophagoides spp., Musca spp., Drosophila spp.

[0144] In a specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is an arthropod control composition, preferably an insect control composition, more preferably a Diptera control composition.

[0145] In a specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is an Aedes spp. control composition, preferably an Ae. aegypti or Ae. albopictus control composition.

[0146] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a control composition for Anopheles spp., preferably a control composition for An. gambiae or An. stephensis or An. quadrimatilacus or An. farauti. Even more particularly, the arthropod control composition is a control composition for An. gambiae.

[0147] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a control composition for Culex spp., preferably a control composition for C. pipiens or C. quinquefasciatus or C. modestus or C. pinaresis or C. tritaeniorhynchus or C. sitiens or C. annulirostris.

[0148] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a control composition for flies, preferably a control composition for leaf miners, fruit flies, gall midges, screw-worms, botflies, black flies, drainflies, house flies, stable flies, blow flies, tachnidis, biting midges, sand flies, more preferably a control composition for Drosophila suzukii or Drosophila melanogaster or Bactrocera dorsalis or Bactrocera oleae or Bactrocera tryoni or Euleia heraclei or Anastrepha grandis or Anastrepha ludens or Anastrepha obliqua or Anastrepha suspensa or Strauzia longipennis or Rhagoletis mendax or Ceratitis capitata or Ceratitis cosyra or Ceratitis rosa.

[0149] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a Simuliidae control composition, preferably a Simulium damnosum or Simulium naevi or Simulium callidum or Simulium metallicum or Simulium ochraceum or Simulium ornatum or Simulium posticatum or Simulium variegatum or Simulium bezzi or Simulium erythrocephalum control composition.

[0150] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a Glossina spp. control composition, preferably a Glossina austeni or Glossina longipalpis or Glossina morsitans or Glossina pallidipes or Glossina swynnertoni or Glossina brevipalpis or Glossina fusca or Glossina fuscipleuris or Glossina frezili or Glossina haningtoni or Glossina longipennis or Glossina medicorum or Glossina nashi or Glossina nigrofusca or Glossina nigrofusca or Glossina severini or Glossina schwetzi or Glossina tabaniformis or Glossina Vanhoofi or Glossina caliginea or Glossina fuscipes or Glossina pallicera or Glossina palpalis or Glossina tachinoides control composition. In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a Tabanidae control composition, preferably a Tabanus spp. or Atylus spp. or Chrysops spp. or Haematopota spp. control composition, more preferably a Tabanus bovinus or Ta. autumnalis or Ta. bromius or Ta. eggeri or Ta. glaucopis or Ta. sudeticus or Chrysops relictus or Haematopota crassicornis control composition.

[0151] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a control composition for Muscidae, preferably a control composition for Haematobia spp. or Haematobosca spp. or Stomoxys spp. or Drosophila spp. or Musca spp, more preferably a control composition for Haematobia exigua or Stomoxys calcitrans or Musca domestica.

[0152] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a control composition for sand fly (Phlebotomus), preferably a control composition for Phlebotomus ariasi or Ph.balanicus or Ph.intermedius or Ph.longicuspis or Ph.papatasi or Ph.perniciosus or Ph.sergenti.

[0153] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a control composition for Ceratopogonidae, preferably a control composition for Culicoides occidentalis or Culicoides sanguisuga or Culicoides furens or Culicoides impunctatus.

[0154] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a control composition for flea, preferably a control composition for Ctenocephalides felis or Ct.canis or Pulex irritans or Archeopsylla erinace.

[0155] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a lice control composition, preferably a Phtirus pubis or Ph inguinalis or Pediculus humanus capitis or Pediculus humanus corporis or Liposcelis corroden or Li. decolor or Dorypteryx domestica control composition. (Dorypteryx domestica) control composition.

[0156] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a Heteroptera control composition, preferably a kissing bug or bed bug control composition, more preferably a Triatoma infestans or Tr. barberi or Tr. dimidiate or Tr. nigromaculata or Tr. protracta or Rhodnius prolixus or Panstrongylus geniculatus or Cimex lectularius or Ci. hemipterus or Ci. dissimilis or Ci. marginatus control composition.

[0157] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a beetle control composition, preferably a control composition for Acanthoscelides obtectus or Alphitobius diaperinus or Anobium punctatum or Anthrenus flavipes or An.munroi or An.museorum or An.pimpinellae or An.scrophulariae or An.verbasci or Attagenus unicolor or Callosobruchus maculatus or Cryptolestes ferrugineus or Cr.busillus or Dermestes lardarius or Hylotrupes bajulus or Lasioderma serricorne or Lyctus brunneus or Oryzaephilus surinamensis or Rhyzopertha dominica or Sitophilus granarius or Si.oryzae or Si.zeamais or Stegobium paniceum or Tenebrio molitor or Tenebroides mauritanicus or Tribolium castaneum or Tr.confusum or Trogoderma granarium or Tr.inclusum or Tr.longisetosum or Tr.variabile kissing.

[0158] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a moth control composition, preferably a Cadra cautella or Corcyra cephalonica or Endrosis sarcitella or Ephestia elutella or Ephestia kuehniella or Hofmannophila pseudospretella or Nemapogon granella or Plodia interpunctella or Pyralis farinalis or Sitotroga cerealella control composition.

[0159] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a cockroach control composition, preferably a Blatta spp., Blattella spp. or Periplaneta spp control composition, more preferably a Blatta orientalis or Blattella germanica or Periplaneta americana control composition. In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is an ant control composition, preferably a Lasius spp., Monomorium spp. or Solenopsis spp or Myrmica spp control composition, more preferably a Monomorium pharaonis or Lasius niger or Solenopsis invicta or Myrmica rubra or Linepithema humile or Tapinoma melanocephalum or Lasius neglectus or Tapinoma erraticum control composition.

[0160] In a specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is an Arachnida control composition, more preferably a tick control composition.

[0161] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a control composition for ticks of the genus Ixodes spp., preferably a control composition for Ixodes ricinus or Ixodes scapularis or Ixodes persulcatus or Ixodes pacificus or Ixodes holocyclus or Ixodes ovatus or Ixodes uriae or Ixodes hexagonus or Ixodes acuminatus.

[0162] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a control composition for ticks of the genus Rhipicephalus spp., preferably a control composition for Rhipicephalus sanguineus or Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides or Rhipicephalus phoenix.

[0163] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a control composition for ticks of the genus Amblyomma spp., preferably a control composition for Amblyomma variegatum or Amblyomma americanum or Amblyomma testudinarium.

[0164] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a control composition for ticks of the family Argas spp., preferably a control composition for Argas monolakensis or Argas persicus or Argas reflexus or Ornithodoros coriaceus or Ornithodoros erraticus or Ornithodoros concanensis.

[0165] In another specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is a mite control composition, preferably a Neotrombicula autumnalis or Varroa destructor or V. jacobsoni or V. rindereri or V. sinhai or Sarcoptes scabiei or Sarcoptes spp. or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or Dermanyssus gallinae or Ornithonyssus sylviarum or Acarus siro or Lepidoglyphus destructor or Tyrophagus longior or Tyrophagus putrescentiae control composition.

[0166] In one specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition is an agricultural pest control composition, preferably an insect or mite or nematode control composition.

[0167] In one specific embodiment, the arthropod control source is the surface of an article and / or the air in the vicinity thereof, preferably a candle, a coil, an air care product preferably an electric diffuser, a wristband, a patch, a collar, an ear patch, clothing, fabric, paper, biochar, cardboard, a cellulose pad, a mosquito net, a screen, a curtain, furniture, a wall, a floor or a paint, or the surface of a subject, preferably the surface of a vertebrate, such as a human subject or other mammal, preferably a human subject, i.e., a human subject whose skin has been treated with a product such as a spray, an aerosol, a cream, a roll-on, a wristband, a lotion, a soap, a shampoo, a sunscreen or a patch, or clothing that has been treated with a product such as a washing powder, a liquid detergent, a spray, a lotion, a powder.

[0168] The arthropod control effect can be evaluated using Mosquitoes were assayed using the warm body assay (modified) as defined in T, Kessler S, Frei J, Bourquin M, Guerin PM. An in vitro assay for testing mosquito controlling compounds employing a warm body and carbon dioxide as a behavioral activator. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2010;26:381 - 386.

[0169] Efficacy, repellency, and spatial repellency were determined by testing the warm body assay against the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti Rockefeller strain). Aedes aegypti is a model organism for control testing and is one of the model organisms recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) because it is a very aggressive anthropophilic mosquito species that typically shows low sensitivity to arthropod control compounds. Observations of control efficacy were made on female host - seeking of the same age, 5 - 10 days old, as selected in the publication mentioned above. The starved females tested had access to a 10% sugar solution but did not feed on blood. Further information is provided in the attached examples.

[0170] Efficacy, repellency, and spatial repellency can also be determined according to the cage - arm method, which was adapted from the WHO Guidelines for the Testing of the Efficacy of Repellents on Human Skin (WHO / CDS / NTD / WHOPES / 2009.4). The responsiveness of 100 starved female Aedes aegypti to the test substance can be evaluated by comparing the results of inserting untreated and treated arms into a cage (40×40×40 cm) three times for 30 seconds (negative control).

[0171] The activity of substances that repel arachnids such as ticks can be evaluated using the protocol of the in vitro warm - plate assay as defined in T, Bourquin M, Guerin PM, 2013. A standardized in vivo and in vitro test method for evaluating tick repellents., Pestic. Biochem. Phys. 107(2):160 - 168.

[0172] In a particular embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises a compound in an amount effective to control arthropods.

[0173] In a particular embodiment, based on the total weight of the composition, the composition comprises from 0.00032 to 30% by weight, preferably from 0.001 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.5 to 5% by weight of the compound.

[0174] In a particular embodiment, based on the total weight of the composition, the composition comprises from 0.00032 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.001 to 10% by weight of the compound.

[0175] In a particular embodiment, based on the total weight of the composition, the composition comprises from 0.001 to 1% by weight of the compound.

[0176] In a particular embodiment, based on the total weight of the composition, the composition comprises from 0.01 to 1% by weight, preferably from 0.5 to 1% by weight of the compound.

[0177] In a particular embodiment, based on the total weight of the composition, the composition comprises at least 0.01% by weight of the compound.

[0178] In a particular embodiment, based on the total weight of the composition, the composition comprises at least 0.04% by weight of the compound.

[0179] In a particular embodiment, the composition is liquid, preferably so at room temperature (25 °C), and comprises from 0.001 mg / mL to 100 mg / mL, preferably from 0.001 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL, more preferably from 0.016 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL, still more preferably from 0.08 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL, most preferably from 0.4 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL of the compound.

[0180] In a particular embodiment, the amount and selection of the substance are made in such a way that they contribute to, enhance or improve both the arthropod control activity and the hedonic properties of the composition.

[0181] In one embodiment, the arthropod control composition may further comprise an arthropod control aid component. By "arthropod control aid component" is understood such a component which is capable of conferring additional arthropod control benefits to the arthropod control effect of the composition described herein.

[0182] In a particular embodiment, the described compound is capable of modifying, enhancing or improving the arthropod control effect of the arthropod control aid component, for example by reducing the amount of the arthropod control aid component in the composition. This may be particularly beneficial in cases where the arthropod control aid component is harmful to human subjects at a certain dose or in cases where the arthropod control aid component has negative olfactory properties at a certain dose.

[0183] According to a particular embodiment, the combination of the compounds described herein with arthropod control adjuvants results in a synergistic arthropod control effect.

[0184] According to a particular embodiment, the combination of the substances described herein with arthropod control adjuvants results in a modified, pleasant, enhanced or improved olfactory impression of the overall composition as compared to the individual components.

[0185] According to a specific embodiment, the arthropod control adjuvant component is selected from the group consisting of: N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (IR3535); p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD); 1-(1-methylpropoxycarbonyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine (picaridin); Chinese cedar oil, Texas cedar oil, Virginia cedar oil, cinnamon oil, citronella oil, corn mint oil, fractionated and hydrated cyclized Cymbopogon winterianus oil, capric acid, Eucalyptus citriodora oil, hydrated cyclized Eucalyptus citriodora oil, eugenol, garlic oil, geraniol, geranium oil, Lavender oil, Lavandula hybrida oil, Lavandin oil, lemon oil, Lemongrass oil, Margosa extract, metofluthrin, a mixture of cis- and trans-p-menthane-3,8-diol, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, pelargonic acid, rosemary oil, thyme oil, Wintergreen oil, 2,3,4,5-bis(but-2-enyl)tetrahydrofurfural (MGK Repellent 11), cineole, cinnamaldehyde, citronellal, citronellol, coumarin, dibutyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate o-aminobenzoate, dimethyl phthalate, ethyl vanillin, eucalyptus oil, hydroxycitronellal, lime oil, limonene, linalool, methyl o-aminobenzoate, peppermint oil, myrcene, neem oil, sabinene, β-caryophyllene, (1H-indol-2-yl)acetic acid, anethole, anise oil, basil oil, bay leaf oil, camphor, ethyl salicylate, evergreen oil (pine oil), clove oil, nootkatone, 2-undecanone, methyl heptenone, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl ester (d-Tetramethrin), 3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylate (d-Allethrin), α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (Cypermethrin), 2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(prop-2-ynyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-yl ester (Prallethrin), Acetamiprid, Azadirachtin, Bendiocarb, Bifenthrin, Boric acid, Chlorpyrifos, Deltamethrin, Diazinon, Dichlorvos, Eugenol, Fipronil, Imidacloprid, Malathion, Maltodextrin, Metofluthrin, Nicotine, Permethrin, Pyrethrins, Pyrethroids, Rotenone, Silicon dioxide (Diatomaceous earth), s-Methoprene, Spinosad (Spinosyn A), Spinosyn D, Tetramethrin, Transfluthrin, 1-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-2-en-1-one, 3-Butylidene-2-benzofuran-1-one, 4-Vinyl-2-methoxyphenol, Cognac oil green, Labdanum extract (Cistus spp.), 5-Pentyloxolane-2-one, Benzopyran-2-one, 3,7-Dimethylocta-2,6-dienal, 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2-Methyl-5-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-one, Mentha spicata oil, 6-Hexyloxane-2-one, 5-Methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl]acetate, Nigella damascena oil, 2-Phenylethanol, 6-Pentyloxane-2-one, Methyl (4-methoxyphenyl)acetate, Syzygium aromaticum oil, 3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-Octahydrobenzopyran-2-one, 3,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene, 2-Phenylethyl 2-methylpropanoate, Methyl 2-(3-oxo-2-pent-2-enylcyclopentyl)acetate, 4-(2-Methoxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexene, Mentha piperita oil, 2-Methoxy-4-[prop-1-enyl]phenol, 2-Methyl-3-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)propanal, (4-Methoxyphenyl)methanol, 2,3-Dihydro-1H-indene-2-carbonitrile, 2,4-Dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, 2,4-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)methanol, (4aRS,9bRS)-4a,7-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aRS,9bRS)-2,4a,7-trimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aSR,9bSR)-2,4a,7-trimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2-methyl-1,3-dihydroinden-2-yl)methanol, 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylmethanol, (2RS,4RS,4ASR,9BRS)-2,4-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aRS,9bSR)-2-methyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aSR,9bRS)-2-methyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (4aRS,9bSR)-2,2-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2,4,6-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)methanol, 5-(tert-butyl)-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,3'-oxetane], (2RS,4RS,4ARS,9BSR)-2,4-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, 4A,8-dimethyl-indeno[1,2-d]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 1-(2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)ethanone, (5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)methanol, (4aRS,9bSR)-8-methyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aRS,9bSR)-2-ethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aSR,9bRS)-2-ethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2R,4aS,9bS)-2,4a,8-trimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, 1-(2,5-dimethyl-2-indanyl)-1-ethanol, (2,5-Dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)methanol, (2RS,4aRS,9bSR)-2,8-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aSR,9bRS)-2,8-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aSR,9bSR)-2,4a-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (4aRS,9bRS)-4a,8-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, 1-(2,4,5-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)ethenone, (2RS,4aRS,9bSR)-2-ethyl-8-methyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aSR,9bRS)-2-ethyl-8-methyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (4aRS,9bRS)-2,2,4a,8-tetramethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, 5-tert-butyl-indan-2-spiro-3'-oxetane, (2,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)methanol, (4aRS,9bRS)-2,2,4a-trimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (4aRS,9bRS)-2,2,4a,7-tetramethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, 3-(3 / 4-ethylcyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-(3 / 4-propylcyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-(3 / 4-butylcyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-(3 / 4-isopropylcyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-(3 / 4-(sec-butyl)cyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-(3 / 4-(tert-butyl)cyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-[4-(2-methoxy-2-propanyl)-2-methylphenyl]propanal, 3-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanal, 3-(4-tert-butyl-2-methylphenyl)propanal, 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propanal, 3-(3-propan-2-ylphenyl)butanal, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanal, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[prop-1-enyl]phenol, 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-[1-propen-1-yl]benzene, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-propylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-propylphenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylphenol, 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid, methyl 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropionate, (2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol, 2,3,4-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2-ethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)phenol, 2-ethoxy-4-(ethoxymethyl)phenol, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-prop-1-enylbenzene, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-methylbenzene, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylphenol, 1-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)ethanone, 7-methyl-1,5-benzodioxepin-3-one, 1,2-dimethoxy-3-prop-1-enylbenzene, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-propylbenzene, 2,3,4-trimethoxybenzonitrile, 3-ethoxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanone, 2-methoxy-4-(4-methylideneoxan-2-yl)phenol, 4-(3,6-dihydro-4-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol, 3-(4-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl)propanal, 3-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)propanal, and mixtures thereof.,

[0186] In a particular embodiment, based on the total weight of the composition, the content of the arthropod control adjuvant component is from 0.02 to 80% by weight, more preferably from 0.05 to 70% by weight, even more preferably from 0.1 to 60% by weight. Thus, it should be understood that, based on the total weight of the composition, the minimum amount of the arthropod control adjuvant component comprised in the composition is at least 0.2% by weight, at least 0.05% by weight or at least 0.1% by weight, and the maximum amount is not more than 80% by weight, not more than 70% by weight or not more than 60% by weight.

[0187] In a specific embodiment, the compound and the arthropod control adjuvant in the composition of the present invention are included in the composition in a weight range of 90:10 to 10:90, preferably in a weight range of 80:20 to 20:80, more preferably in a weight range of 65:35 to 35:65, and most preferably in a weight range of 60:40 to 40:60. It should also be understood herein that the compound and the arthropod control adjuvant can be combined in any weight range as described above, for example, 90:10 to 20:80, preferably 35:65 and more preferably 40:60; 80:20 to 10:90, preferably 35:65 and more preferably 40:60; 65:35 to 10:90, preferably 20:80 and more preferably 40:60; or 40:60 to 10:90, preferably 20:80 and more preferably 35:65, and are included in the composition.

[0188] In one embodiment, the arthropod control composition may further comprise a fragrance component. The fragrance component is understood to contribute to, modify, enhance or improve the olfactory characteristics of the composition, but does not contribute to, enhance or improve the arthropod control effect of the composition. Fragrance components that provide such hedonic effects and are suitable for use in the composition of the present invention are known in the art and can be readily identified by those skilled in the art.

[0189] The arthropod control composition may further comprise a carrier. By "carrier", it should be understood as such a material with which the active compound is mixed or formulated to facilitate its application to the site to be treated or other objects, or its storage, transportation and / or handling. The carrier can be inorganic or organic or of synthetic or natural origin. The carrier can be liquid or solid.

[0190] As liquid carriers, non-limiting examples can include emulsifying systems, i.e., solvent and surfactant systems, or solvents commonly used in fragrances. A detailed description of the nature and type of solvents generally cannot be exhaustive. However, non-limiting examples of solvents can include butylene glycol or propylene glycol, glycerol, dipropylene glycol and its monoethers, 1,2,3-propantriyl triacetate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl adipate, 1,3-diacetoxypropan-2-yl acetate, diethyl phthalate, isopropyl myristate, benzyl benzoate, benzyl alcohol, 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)-1-ethanol, triethyl citrate, 2-methylprop-1-ene and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol or mixtures thereof. Particularly suitable are dipropylene glycol, 2-methylprop-1-ene and 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethanol and mixtures thereof.

[0191] For compositions that also contain a carrier, in addition to the carriers detailed previously, other suitable carriers can also be ethanol, water / ethanol mixtures, limonene or other terpenes, isoparaffins, such as those sold under the trade mark Those known in the art (source: Exxon Chemical), or glycol ethers and glycol ether esters, such as those sold under the trademark Those known in the art (source: Dow Chemical Company), such as Dowanol TM DPMA (ethylene glycol ether acetate) or Clean Multi (isopropyl glycerol; source: Solvay) or hydrogenated castor oil, such as those sold under the trademark RH 40, those known in the art (source: BASF).

[0192] In a specific embodiment, the composition further comprises ethanol. Preferably, based on the total amount of the composition, the composition comprises 80 to 99.9% by weight of ethanol.

[0193] A solid carrier refers to a material to which an arthropod control composition or certain elements of an arthropod control composition can be chemically or physically bound. Generally, such a solid carrier is used to stabilize the composition or control the evaporation rate of the composition or certain components. Solid carriers are currently used in the art, and those skilled in the art know how to achieve the desired effects. However, as non-limiting examples of solid carriers, absorbent gums or polymers or inorganic materials can be cited, such as porous polymers, cyclodextrins, wood-based materials, organic or inorganic gels, clays, gypsum, talc or zeolites.

[0194] As other non-limiting examples of solid carriers, encapsulating materials can be cited. Examples of such materials can include wall-forming materials and plasticizing materials, such as monosaccharides, disaccharides or trisaccharides, natural or modified starches, hydrocolloids, cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, proteins or pectins, or other such materials. Encapsulation is a method well-known to those skilled in the art and can be carried out, for example, using techniques such as spray drying, agglomeration or extrusion; or consisting of coating encapsulation including coacervation and complex coacervation techniques.

[0195] As a non-limiting example of a solid carrier, core-shell capsules can be specifically cited, which use resins of the aminoplast, polyamide, polyester, polyurea or polyurethane type or mixtures thereof (all of the said resins are well-known to those skilled in the art), by a phase separation method initiated by using techniques such as polymerization, interfacial polymerization, coacervation, etc. or these techniques together (all of the said techniques have been described in the prior art), and optionally in the presence of a polymer stabilizer or a cationic copolymer.

[0196] Resins can be produced by the polycondensation of aldehydes (such as formaldehyde, 2,2-dimethoxyacetaldehyde, glyoxal, glyoxylic acid, or hydroxyacetaldehyde and mixtures thereof) with amines (such as urea, benzoguanamine, glycoluril, melamine, hydroxymethylmelamine, methylated hydroxymethylmelamine, guazoles, etc. and mixtures thereof). Alternatively, preformed resin alkylolated polyamines can be used, such as those commercially available under the trademarks (Source: Cytec Technology Corp.), (Source: Cytec Technology Corp.), or (Source: BASF).

[0197] Other resins are those produced by the polycondensation of polyols such as glycerol with polyisocyanates such as trimers of hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate or trimers of xylylene diisocyanate or biurets of hexamethylene diisocyanate, or trimers of xylylene diisocyanate with trimethylolpropane (known under the trade name (Source: Mitsui Chemicals)), among which trimers of xylylene diisocyanate with trimethylolpropane and biurets of hexamethylene diisocyanate are preferred.

[0198] In a specific embodiment, the composition does not contain acetylcedrane.

[0199] In a specific embodiment, the composition does not contain (9E)-9-ethylidene-3-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.0 2,7 undecan-4-one.

[0200] In a specific embodiment, the composition does not contain nepetalactone.

[0201] The present invention also relates to a method for controlling arthropods (preferably insects), which method comprises bringing the arthropods (preferably insects) into direct contact with the above composition or into contact with the vapors of the above composition.

[0202] For clarity, the arthropod control composition of the present invention can be applied to air, article surfaces, air near article surfaces, or subject surfaces by conventional methods known in the art such as spraying, smearing, wearing, or diffusion.

[0203] In a specific embodiment, the arthropod control composition according to the present invention is applied to the surface of an article, the air near the surface of the article, or to the surface of an animal or subject.

[0204] In a particular embodiment, the article can be an arthropod control article as described hereinbelow, and in particular, can be a candle, coil, electric diffuser, wristband, patch, collar, ear patch, clothing, fabric, paper, biochar, cardboard, cellulose pad, mosquito net, screen, curtain, furniture, paint, wall, floor, spray, aerosol, cream, roll-on, wristband, lotion, soap, shampoo, sunscreen, laundry detergent, liquid detergent, spray, lotion, powder.

[0205] In a particular embodiment, the surface of the subject is the surface of a human or animal subject, preferably, the surface is that of a human subject, i.e., the skin of a human subject.

[0206] The invention also relates to the use of a composition according to the invention for controlling arthropods, preferably insects.

[0207] The invention also relates to consumer products comprising a composition according to the invention.

[0208] Non-limiting examples of suitable consumer products include perfumes such as fine perfumes, splashes or eaux de parfum, colognes, shaving lotions or aftershaves; fabric care products such as liquid or solid detergents, washing powders, fabric softeners, liquid or solid fragrance boosters, fabric fresheners, ironing waters, papers, bleaches, carpet cleaners, curtain care products; body care products such as hair care products (such as shampoos, coloring preparations or hair sprays, color care products, hair styling products, dental care products), disinfectants, intimate care products; beauty preparations (such as skin creams or lotions, vanishing creams or deodorants or antiperspirants (such as sprays or roll-ons), depilatory agents, tanning agents, sun protection or after-sun products, nail products, skin cleansers, cosmetics); skin care products (such as soaps, bath or shower mousses, bath oils or shower gels, or hygiene products or foot / hand care products); air care products such as air fresheners or "ready-to-use" powdered air fresheners, which can be used in domestic spaces (rooms, refrigerators, cupboards, shoes or cars) and / or public spaces (halls, hotels, shopping malls, etc.); or household care products such as mold removers, furniture care products, wipes, dishwashing detergents or hard surface (such as floors, bathrooms, sanitary ware or window cleaning) detergents; leather care products; automotive care products such as polishes, waxes or plastic cleaners; candles; sprays; coils, air care products, piezoelectric diffusers, liquid electric diffusers, diffusers, rubber diaphragms, wristbands, patches, collars, ear patches, clothing, fabrics, papers, biochar, cardboard, cellulose pads, mosquito nets, screens, curtains, varnishes or paints, more preferably candles, atomizers, coils, electric diffusers, piezoelectric diffusers, liquid electric diffusers, diffusers, rubber diaphragms, wristbands, patches, collars, ear patches, clothing, fabrics, papers, biochar, cardboard, cellulose pads, mosquito nets, screens, curtains, varnishes or paints.

[0209] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the consumer product is an electric diffuser. In this embodiment of the present invention, the substance in the arthropod (preferably insect) control composition is present in an amount.

[0210] The present invention will be further described in detail by the following non-limiting examples. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0211] Example

[0212] 1. Experimental Protocols and Methods Used

[0213] 1.1 The Warm Body assay is a small-scale test used to screen the repellent efficacy against mosquitoes at 3 to 15 concentrations at T0. Repellent efficacy against mosquitoes.

[0214] Aedes aegypti is a model organism used for control testing and is one of the model organisms recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) because it is a very aggressive, human-biting mosquito species that is generally less sensitive to arthropod control compounds. Anopheles gambiae is also a model organism because it is human-biting and transmits malaria.

[0215] Use The efficacy of the compositions according to the invention was evaluated using the Warm Body Test (adapted) as defined in T, Kessler S, Frei J, Bourquin M, Guerin PM. 2010. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 26:381 - 386. In this in vitro test, the number of mosquitoes landing on the warm body, simulating an attractive host treated with the test stimulant, was measured to evaluate the repellent effect.

[0216] The published protocol was adjusted because switching from Anopheles gambiae to Aedes aegypti resulted in a decrease in the number of mosquitoes placed in the test cage due to size differences (i.e., 30 mosquitoes instead of 50) and an increase in lighting due to Aedes aegypti being a diurnal mosquito (i.e., 150 lux instead of 4 lux).

[0217] On a sandblasted glass petri dish (28.3 cm 2 ) covering the warm body, 100 μL of the compound diluted with ethanol to different concentrations was added. The number of mosquitoes landing on the warm body for each stimulant was counted, the data was normalized using the number of mosquitoes landing on the pure ethanol (solvent) control treatment, and the percentage repellency was calculated.

[0218] 1.2 The cage arm test is a large-scale test used to evaluate the repellent efficacy against mosquitoes over time in human volunteers:

[0219] The cage - in - arm method was adapted from the WHO Guidelines for the Testing of the Efficacy of Repellents on Human Skin (WHO / CDS / NTD / WHOPES / 2009.4) and / or based on the EU Biocidal Products Testing Guidelines (Guidance on the Biocidal Products Regulation. Vol. II Efficacy – Assessment and Evaluation (Parts B + C), v.4.0. December 2021). The probing activity was determined by inserting an untreated human volunteer's arm into the cage (40×40×40 cm) for 30 seconds (negative control) to evaluate the probing readiness of 200 hungry female Aedes aegypti or 50 Anopheles gambiae. Then, the product was applied to the skin of the human volunteer's forearm (per 600 cm 2After 5 minutes (for *Aedes aegypti*) or 30 minutes (for *Anopheles gambiae*), with 1 mL of the compound applied, the arm was inserted into the cage and exposed for 3 minutes. The assay was conducted on three different human volunteers in a room with temperature (27 ± 2 °C) and humidity (80 ± 10% RH) adjusted.

[0220] 1.3 The hot plate assay is a small-scale test used to screen the repellent efficacy of different concentrations of repellents against ticks at T0.

[0221] The repellent efficacy of different compounds against *Ixodes ricinus* L, which can transmit bacterial and viral pathogens, was evaluated. *Ixodes ricinus* is one of the recommended model organisms mentioned in the Guidance on the European Biological Products Regulation (Vol II, Efficacy - Assessment & Evaluation (Parts B + C), v.3.0, April 2018). The observation of the repellent efficacy was carried out on the last - stage nymphs.

[0222] Using the protocol of the in vitro warm - plate assay defined in T, Bourquin M, Guerin PM. 2013. A standardized in vivo and in vitro test method for evaluating tick repellents. Pestic. Biochem. Phys. 107(2):160–168, the repellent efficacy was evaluated.

[0223] 2. Results of the deterrence and spatial repellency effects on arthropods

[0224] 2.1 Results of the mosquito warm body assay: Small-scale assay to evaluate deterrence and spatial repellency

[0225] As shown in Table 1 below and Figure 1 saturated γ - lactones with short hydrocarbon chains (<7 carbons) or long carbonyl chains (>10 carbons) showed lower efficacy in repelling *Aedes aegypti* than γ - lactones containing 7 to 10 carbons.

[0226] Results for three concentrations of each stimulant are shown in Table 1. The R chain corresponds to the carbon chain linked to the 5 - position of oxolane - 2 - one. The average number of mosquito landings with only the solvent (0 mg / mL) was equal to 66.7 ± 7.7 landings within two minutes.

[0227] Table 1. Repellency percentages of *Aedes aegypti* landing on warm bodies baited with different γ - lactones at different concentrations.

[0228]

[0229] Table 1 shows that the unsaturated γ-lactones tested are more effective than their saturated counterparts, i.e., for the same carbon chain length, the presence of unsaturation confers higher insecticidal efficacy to the compounds. This can also be observed from Figure 1 where the data related to the second concentration (0.4 mg / mL) are again shown in the table.

[0230] Table 1 and Figure 1 The observations in are respectively confirmed by the precise measurement of the repellent effect of 13 different concentrations of C 10 γ-lactones on Aedes aegypti (see Figure 2 ). In fact, the unsaturated C 10 γ-lactone 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one is significantly higher than the saturated C 10 γ-lactone 5-hexyloxolane-2-one (paired t-test, p = 0.026; see Figure 2 ).

[0231] Similarly, the two C 10 unsaturated γ-lactones show a corresponding dose-response repellent effect on Anopheles gambiae, indicating a significant biological effect of the stimulants on mosquitoes (see Table 2). Eight concentrations were evaluated for each stimulant. When only the solvent (0 mg / mL) was used, the average number of mosquito landings was equal to 50.0 ± 4.7 landings in two minutes. As long as the concentration of one of the unsaturated γ-lactones > 0.09%, no Anopheles mosquito dared to land on the attractive warm body, indicating a strong repellent effect (see Table 2).

[0232] Table 2. Repellent percentage of Anopheles gambiae landing on warm bodies baited with different concentrations of unsaturated γ-lactones.

[0233]

[0234] Similar to γ-lactones, unsaturated δ-lactones are also more effective than their saturated counterparts in repelling Aedes aegypti; lower doses of unsaturated δ-lactones are sufficient to achieve similar effects (see Table 3). In particular, the unsaturated C 10 δ-lactones 6-pent-2-enyloxane-2-one and 6-pent-3-enyloxane-2-one are significantly more effective in repelling mosquitoes than the saturated C 10 δ-lactone 6-pent-2-enyloxane-2-one (paired t-test, p = 0.01 and p = 0.04 respectively; see Table 3 and Figure 3 ). Using C 7When it comes to δ-lactones, unsaturated 6-vinyloxan-2-one at a concentration of 10 mg / mL (using 1 mg absolute concentration) can prevent any mosquitoes from landing, while when using the same amount of the saturated counterpart 6-ethyloxan-2-one, more than 50% of the mosquitoes still land (see Table 3). Compared with saturated C 11 δ-lactones, unsaturated C 11 δ-lactones at concentrations of 0.4 mg / mL and 10 mg / mL have a higher protective effect (see Table 3).

[0235] Table 3. Repellency percentages of Aedes aegypti landing on warm bodies baited with different δ-lactones at different concentrations.

[0236]

[0237] Similar results were also obtained for Anopheles gambiae; like γ-lactones, unsaturated δ-lactones are more effective in repelling these mosquitoes than their saturated counterparts. As a proof of concept, unsaturated C 10 δ-lactones 6-pent-2-enyloxan-2-one and 6-pent-3-enyloxan-2-one are significantly more effective in repelling mosquitoes than saturated C 10 δ-lactone 6-pentyloxan-2-one (paired t-tests, p = 0.001 and p = 0.007 respectively; see Figure 4 ). In fact, like Aedes aegypti, lower doses are required to achieve similar efficacy.

[0238] In addition, three β-lactones and five ε-lactones were screened to study their repellent effects on Aedes aegypti (see Table 4).

[0239] Table 4. Repellency percentages of Aedes aegypti landing on warm bodies baited with different β- and ε-lactones at different concentrations. If no data are available, it is indicated as n.d.

[0240]

[0241] Like δ- and γ-lactones, unsaturated β- and ε-lactones provide faster repellent effects compared with saturated β- and ε-lactones (see Table 4). For example, β-lactone 3-but-1,3-dienyl-4-pentyloxetan-2-one has repelled >80% of the mosquitoes at a concentration of 0.4 mg / mL, while at the same concentration, the repellency rate of 3,3-dimethyl-4-propan-2-yloxetan-2-one is <40% (see Table 4). Similarly, C at a concentration of 0.4 mg / mL 11Results for ε-lactones showed that unsaturated ε-lactones provided better repellency; the unsaturated 7-pent-4-enyloxepan-2-one had achieved 95% repellency, while its saturated counterpart 7-pentyloxepan-2-one had only achieved 52% (see Table 4).

[0242] In addition, more complex lactones were also screened for their repellent effects against Aedes aegypti (see Table 5). All lactones showed >50% repellency at a concentration of 0.4 mg / mL (see Table 5).

[0243] Table 5. Repellency percentages of Aedes aegypti on warm bodies baited with lactones at three concentrations (lactones with unsaturation in the lactone ring (A), lactones with two hydrocarbon groups in the lactone ring (B), and lactones in which R1 and R2 together form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or aromatic ring and which may be substituted with one or more methyl or ethyl groups (C)).

[0244]

[0245] Mixing unsaturated lactones together or with other compounds also caused relevant repellent effects against Aedes aegypti (see Table 6).

[0246] Table 6. Repellency percentages of Aedes aegypti landing on warm bodies baited with mixtures of unsaturated δ-lactones or perfumes containing unsaturated lactones at different concentrations.

[0247]

[0248] 2.2 Results of the mosquito cage arm assay: Large-scale assay to evaluate deterrence and spatial repellency

[0249] The repellent persistence of different compounds can be evaluated through the cage arm test.

[0250] It has been found that a 20% solution of 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one diluted with ethanol can provide >90% mosquito protection against Aedes aegypti within 2 hours and >90% mosquito protection against Anopheles gambiae within 5 hours (see Table 7). This unsaturated C 10 γ-lactone even achieved a 100% protection rate in the test against Anopheles gambiae, i.e., no mosquitoes landed on the arm within 4 hours (see Table 7).

[0251] The untreated arm received 416 mosquito landings in the Aedes aegypti experiment and 40 mosquito landings in the Anopheles gambiae experiment. For the benefit of human volunteers, the test was stopped when the mosquito repellent rate was below 90%. If no measures were taken, it was marked as n.d.

[0252] Table 7. Time-dependent cage arm repellency of arms treated with 20% 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one.

[0253]

[0254] As observed in the warm body assay, in the caged arm test, compared with the saturated C 10 δ-lactone 6-pentyloxacyclohexan-2-one, the unsaturated C 10 δ-lactones 6-pent-2-enyloxacyclohexan-2-one and 6-pent-3-enyloxacyclohexan-2-one were more effective in repelling Aedes aegypti (paired t-test, p = 0.04 and p = 0.05, respectively; see Figure 5 ).

[0255] The δ-lactones were also effective in repelling Anopheles gambiae; 6-pent-2-enyloxacyclohexan-2-one and 6-pent-3-enyloxacyclohexan-2-one achieved >90% repellency at 6 h and 8 h, respectively (see Table 8). After dilution of these compounds to 20% in ethanol, 100% protection, i.e., no mosquitoes landing, could even be achieved at 4 h and 3 h, respectively (see Table 8).

[0256] Even at a dilution of 5%, 6-pent-2-enyloxacyclohexan-2-one showed repellency of 100% ± 0%, 99.2% ± 1.3%, and 67.2% ± 7.9% against Anopheles gambiae at 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h after application, respectively.

[0257] In Table 8, each time point value represents the mean ± SD percentage of repellency of three different human volunteers compared to the untreated arm. During the 3-min test for 6-pent-2-enyloxacyclohexan-2-one and 6-pent-3-enyloxacyclohexan-2-one experiments, the untreated arm received 56 and 40 mosquito landings, respectively. For the benefit of the human volunteers, the test was stopped and marked as n.d. when the mosquito repellency rate was below 90%.

[0258] Table 8. Time-dependent caged arm repellency of arms treated with 20% unsaturated δ-lactones against Anopheles gambiae.

[0259]

[0260] As shown in Table 9, 3,6-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one repelled >95% of both mosquito species for at least 1 h.

[0261] In Table 9, each time point value represents the mean ± SD percentage of repellency of three different human volunteers compared to the untreated arm. In the Aedes aegypti experiment using 3,6-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-benzofuran-2-one, the untreated arm received 474.8 mosquito landings. In the Anopheles gambiae experiment using 3,6-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-benzofuran-2-one, the untreated arm received 33.8 mosquito landings. For the benefit of human volunteers, testing was stopped when the repellency rate was below 90%; if no measures were taken, n.d. was indicated.

[0262] Table 9. Cage arm repellency over time of Aedes aegypti or Anopheles gambiae against arms treated with 20% 3,6-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-benzofuran-2-one.

[0263]

[0264] 2.3 Results of the tick hot plate assay

[0265] Three C 10 Unsaturated lactones are effective in repelling the tick Ixodes ricinus. As shown in Table 10, at a concentration of 1%, all three compounds repelled all tested ticks, i.e., preventing twelve ticks from approaching and finding a settlement point. The larger-grained 6-penten-3-yloxyhexan-2-one and 6-penten-2-yloxyhexan-2-one (see Table 10) achieved 100% repellency efficacy at lower doses (i.e., 0.2% and even 0.089% respectively). These two unsaturated C 10 δ-lactones repelled >75% of the ticks even at a lower concentration of 0.04% (see Table 10).

[0266] In Table 10, the control (0 mg / mL) was made with pure ethanol (used as a solvent) applied to a warm plate. n.d. indicates that the test was not conducted at that specific concentration.

[0267] Table 10. Percentage of ticks repelled on a warm plate baited with different concentrations of C 10 Unsaturated lactones.

[0268]

Claims

1. An arthropod control composition comprising a compound selected from the group consisting of the following formula: wherein R1 represents hydrogen, or a straight-chain or branched-chain C with 0 to 2 degrees of unsaturation 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group; wherein R2 represents hydrogen, or a straight-chain or branched-chain C with 0 to 3 degrees of unsaturation 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group; or wherein R1 and R2 together form a cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or aromatic ring, which may optionally be substituted with one or more methyl or ethyl groups; wherein n is an integer from 1 to 3; wherein R3 represents hydrogen, or a straight-chain or branched-chain C with 0 to 3 degrees of unsaturation 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group; wherein the dashed line in formula (I) indicates that the double bond may be present at any position on the lactone ring.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein n is the integer 1 or 2, preferably 1.

3. The composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of the following formula:

4. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of the following formula:

5. A composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein R1 and R3 are hydrogen; and R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C 1 -C 15 hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to 3 degrees of unsaturation, or R2 represents a C 7 -C 10 hydrocarbyl group having no degree of unsaturation.

6. The composition according to claim 5, wherein R2 represents a straight-chain or branched C 8 -C 12 hydrocarbyl group having one degree of unsaturation.

7. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of 5-but-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-pent-1-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-pent-2-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-pent-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-1-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-2-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-4-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-5-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-1-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-2-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-4-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-5-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-6-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-oct-7-enyloxolane-2-one, 5-[octa-1,5-dienyl]oxolane-2-one, 6-pent-2-enyloxan-2-one, 6-pent-3-enyloxan-2-one, 6-hex-2-enyloxan-2-one, 6-hex-3-enyloxan-2-one, 6-hex-4-enyloxan-2-one, 6-(hex-3-ynyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one, 3-but-1,3-dienyl-4-pentyloxetan-2-one, 7-but-3-enyloxepan-2-one, 7-pent-4-enyloxepan-2-one, 2-pentyloxol-5-one, 5-pentyldihydro-2H-pyran-2-one, 5-hexyldihydro-2H-pyran-2-one, 5-heptyldihydro-2H-pyran-2-one, 5-(4-hexen-1-yl)-3-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone, 5-(3-hexen-1-yl)-3-methyldihydro-2(3H)-furanone, 4-methyl-5-pentyloxolane-2-one, 5-hexyl-5-methyloxolane-2-one, 5-hex-3-enyl-5-methyloxolane-2-one, 1-oxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-one, 3,6-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one, 3-propylidene-2-benzofuran-1-one, 5-[(E)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one, 5-[(Z)-oct-5-enyl]oxolane-2-one, 5-[(1E,5Z)-octa-1,5-dienyl]oxolane-2-one, and 4,4,7a-trimethyl-3a,5-dihydro-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one, and any combination thereof.

8. The composition according to claim 7, wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of 5-hex-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 6-pent-2-enyloxolane-2-one, 6-pent-3-enyloxolane-2-one, 4-methyl-5-pentyloxolane-2-one, 5-hexyl-5-methyloxolane-2-one, 1-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-2-one, 3,6-dimethyl-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-1-benzofuran-2-one and 3-propylidene-2-benzofuran-1-one, and any combination thereof.

9. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the composition further comprises at least one fragrance ingredient.

10. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, based on the total weight of the composition, the composition comprises from 0.00032 to 20% by weight, preferably from 0.001 to 10% by weight, more preferably from 0.5 to 1% by weight of the compound.

11. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the arthropod is an insect, preferably a mosquito, or the arthropod is an arachnid, preferably a tick.

12. The composition according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising an arthropod control auxiliary ingredient selected from the group consisting of: N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET), ethyl butyl acetylaminopropionate (IR3535); p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD); 1-(1-methylpropoxycarbonyl)-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperidine (picaridin); Chinese cedar oil, Texas cedar oil, Virginia cedar oil, cinnamon oil, citronella oil, jade Rice mint oil, maple grass oil fraction hydrated cyclized product, capric acid, lemon eucalyptus oil, lemon eucalyptus oil hydrated cyclized product, eugenol, garlic oil, geraniol, geranium oil, lavender oil, lavender oil, lavender oil, lemon oil, lemongrass oil, neem extract, metofluthrin, mixture of cis- and trans-p-menthane-3,8-diol, N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide, nonanoic acid, rosemary oil, thyme oil, sedge oil, 2,3,4,5-bis(butyl-2-ene)tetrahydrofurfural (MGK Repellent 11), Eucalyptus, Cinnamaldehyde, Citronellal, Citronellol, Coumarin, Dibutyl Phthalate, Diethyl Phthalate, Dimethyl Anthranilate, Dimethyl Phthalate, Ethyl Vanillin, Eucalyptus Oil, Hydroxycitronellal, Lime Oil, Limonene, Linalool, Methyl Anthranilate, Peppermint Oil, Myrcene, Neem Oil, Sabinene, β-Caryophyllene, (1H-Indol-2-yl)acetic Acid, Anethole, Fennel Oil, Basil Oil, laurel leaf oil, camphor, ethyl salicylate, evergreen oil (pine oil), clove oil, nootkatone, 2-undecanone, methyl heptenone, 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-1,3-dioxo-2H-isoindol-2-yl) methyl ester (d-methanthrin), 3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxocyclopent-2-enyl-2,2- Dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)-cyclopropanecarboxylate (d-pyrethrum), 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ester (cypermethrin), 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid 2-methyl-4-oxo-3-(prop-2-ynyl)cyclopent-2-en-1-yl ester (Propaglin ester), acetamiprid, azadirachtin, benzylpyruvate, bifenthrin, boric acid, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, diazinon, dichlorvos, eugenol, fipronil, imidacloprid, malathion, maltodextrin, metofluthrin, nicotine, permethrin, pyrethrin, pyrethroid, rotenone, silicon dioxide (diatomaceous earth), S-methoprene, spinosad (spinosad A), spinosad D, tetramethrin, transfluthrin, 1-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)but-2-en-1-one, 3-butylidene-2-benzofuran-1-one, 4-vinyl-2-methoxyphenol, natural cognac oil, Cistus ladaniferus extract, 5-pentyloxolane-2-one, benzopyran-2-one, 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienal, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2-methyl-5-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-one, spearmint oil, 6-hexyloxane-2-one, 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexyl]acetate, Nigella sativa oil, 2-phenylethanol, 6-pentyloxane-2-one, (4-methoxyphenyl)methyl acetate, clove oil, 3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydrobenzopyran-2-one, 3,7,7-trimethylbicyclo[4.1.0]hept-3-ene, 2-phenylethyl 2-methylpropanoate, methyl 2-(3-oxo-2-pent-2-enylcyclopentyl)acetate, 4-(2-methoxypropan-2-yl)-1-methylcyclohexene, peppermint oil, 2-methoxy-4-[prop-1-enyl]phenol, 2-methyl-3-(4-propan-2-ylphenyl)propanal, (4-methoxyphenyl)methanol, 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2-carbonitrile, 2,4-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, 2,4-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)methanol, (4aRS,9bRS)-4a,7-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aRS,9bRS)-2,4a,7-trimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aSR,9bSR)-2,4a,7-trimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2-methyl-1,3-dihydroinden-2-yl)methanol, 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylmethanol, (2RS,4RS,4ASR,9BRS)-2,4-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aRS,9bSR)-2-methyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aSR,9bRS)-2-methyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (4aRS,9bSR)-2,2-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2,4,6-trimethyl-2,3-Dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)methanol, 5-(tert-butyl)-1,3-dihydrospiro[indene-2,3'-oxetane], (2RS,4RS,4ARS,9BSR)-2,4-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, 4A,8-dimethyl-indeno[1,2-d]-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 1-(2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)ethanone, (5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)methanol, (4aRS,9bSR)-8-methyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aRS,9bSR)-2-ethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aSR,9bRS)-2-ethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2R,4aS,9bS)-2,4a,8-trimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, 1-(2,5-dimethyl-2-indanyl)-1-ethanol, (2,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)methanol, (2RS,4aRS,9bSR)-2,8-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aSR,9bRS)-2,8-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aSR,9bSR)-2,4a-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (4aRS,9bRS)-4a,8-dimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, 1-(2,4,5-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-yl)ethenone, (2RS,4aRS,9bSR)-2-ethyl-8-methyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (2RS,4aSR,9bRS)-2-ethyl-8-methyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, (4aRS,9bRS)-2,2,4a,8-tetramethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole, 5-tert-butyl-indan-2-spiro-3'-oxetane, (2,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl)methanol, (4aRS,9bRS)-2,2,4a-trimethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]Dioxane, (4aRS,9bRS)-2,2,4a,7-tetramethyl-4,4a,5,9b-tetrahydroindeno[1,2-d][1,3]dioxane, 3-(3 / 4-ethylcyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-(3 / 4-propylcyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-(3 / 4-butylcyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-(3 / 4-isopropylcyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-(3 / 4-(sec-butyl)cyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-(3 / 4-(tert-butyl)cyclopent-1-en-1-yl)-2-methylpropanal, 3-[4-(2-methoxy-2-propanyl)-2-methylphenyl]propanal, 3-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)phenyl]propanal, 3-(4-tert-butyl-2-methylphenyl)propanal, 3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)propanal, 3-(3-propan-2-ylphenyl)butanal, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanal, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-[prop-1-enyl]phenol, 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-[1-propene-1-yl]benzene, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-propylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-propylphenol, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylphenol, 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acetic acid, methyl 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-methylpropanoate, (2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)methanol, 2,3,4-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde, 2-ethoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)phenol, 2-ethoxy-4-(ethoxymethyl)phenol, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-prop-1-enylbenzene, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-methylbenzene, 2,6-dimethoxy-4-methylphenol, 1-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)ethanone, 7-methyl-1,5-benzodioxepin-3-one, 1,2-dimethoxy-3-prop-1-enylbenzene, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-5-propylbenzene, 2,3,4-trimethoxybenzonitrile, 3-ethoxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenol, 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanone, 2-methoxy-4-(4-methylideneoxan-2-yl)phenol, 4-(3,6-dihydro-4-methyl-2H-pyran-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol, 3-(4-isopropyl-2-methylphenyl)propanal, 3-(2-isopropyl-4-methylphenyl)propanal, and mixtures thereof., 13. A method for controlling arthropods, preferably insects, which comprises bringing the insects into direct contact with the composition as defined in claims 1 to 12 or into contact with the vapour of the composition as defined in claims 1 to 12.

14. Use of the composition as defined in any one of claims 1 to 12 for controlling arthropods.

15. A consumer product comprising the composition according to claims 1 to 12.

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