Multi-effect integrated planting method for controlling vigorous growth, preventing insects and increasing yield of sweet potatoes

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sweet potato planting, and particularly relates to a sweet potato vigorous growth control, insect prevention and yield increase multi-effect integrated planting method which comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a vigorous growth control and yield increase agent; s2, digging pits in ridges of the field to form planting pits, sowing sweet potato seedlings and a vigorous growth control and yield increase agent into the planting pits together, and then filling soil and pressing; wherein the vigorous growth controlling and yield increasing agent is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 180 to 220 parts of corn, 15 to 25 parts of sesame, 15 to 25 parts of soybean, 50 to 100 parts of castor seed, 3 to 8 parts of composite bacillus agent, 0.1 to 0.3 part of monopotassium phosphate, 0.05 to 0.12 part of potassium phosphite and 0.01 to 0.03 part of prohexadione calcium. According to the method, the vigorous growth control synergist and the sweet potato seedlings are planted together, all components in the vigorous growth control synergist are matched with one another, integration of vigorous growth control, yield increase and insect prevention of the sweet potatoes is achieved, and the vigorous growth control synergist does not have any pesticide residue.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of sweet potato planting, and particularly relates to a sweet potato growth control, insect prevention, yield increase and multi-effect integrated planting method. Background Art

[0002] Sweet potatoes are root crops that produce tubers underground and grow vines above ground. The two complement and influence each other. Balancing the relationship between the vegetative growth of the aboveground part and the expansion of the underground tubers is very important for sweet potato production. Vigorous growth of sweet potatoes is a very common phenomenon. Only by controlling the vigorous growth in the later stage can the sweet potatoes be transformed from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and the impact of vigorous growth on the yield and quality of sweet potatoes be eliminated.

[0003] At present, the commonly used methods for controlling the vigorous growth of sweet potatoes can be roughly divided into the following types: one is manual turning of vines, which is to turn over the vigorous growth of sweet potato vines to affect its photosynthesis and achieve the purpose of controlling vigorous growth. This method has high labor costs and is not feasible for large-scale growers; the second is to control soil moisture. When the sweet potatoes are growing vigorously, they are not watered and allowed to suffer from drought, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling vigorous growth. This method will have a great impact on sweet potato yields. In addition, there is more rain in summer, and water control is difficult to achieve; the third is chemical control, which is to use chemical agents such as paclobutrazol and ethylenediamine to inhibit the growth of sweet potato vines. This is also the method used by sweet potato growers now. Although this method can play a good role in controlling vigorous growth, the residual period of drugs such as paclobutrazol and ethylenediamine is very long, especially paclobutrazol remains in the soil for more than 2 years, which has a serious impact on subsequent crops, and some will even cause complete failure. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a multi-effect integrated planting method for sweet potato growth control, insect prevention and yield increase, by planting a growth control synergist together with sweet potato seedlings and utilizing the mutual cooperation between the various components in the formula of the growth control synergist, the growth control, yield increase and insect prevention of sweet potatoes are integrated, and the growth control synergist does not have any pesticide residues.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A sweet potato growth control, insect prevention, yield increase and multi-effect integrated planting method comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1, preparing a growth control and yield increasing agent;

[0008] S2. Dig a pit on the ridge of the field to form a planting pit, sow the sweet potato seedlings and the growth control and yield increase agent in the planting pit, and then fill the soil and press it down;

[0009] The growth control and yield increase agent includes the following ingredients by weight: 180-220 parts of corn, 15-25 parts of sesame, 15-25 parts of soybean, 50-100 parts of castor seeds, 3-8 parts of composite Bacillus agent, 0.1-0.3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05-0.12 parts of potassium phosphite, and 0.01-0.03 parts of calcium cyclohexadione.

[0010] The preparation method of the growth control and production increasing agent comprises the following steps:

[0011] A1. Soak corn in an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfite for 24-48 hours, take out the soaked corn and grind it to obtain corn powder;

[0012] A2. Add sesame, soybean and castor seeds to corn powder, mix well and then continue to grind to obtain main powder;

[0013] A3, taking 70%-80% of the total mass of the main powder and adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and prohexadione calcium, mixing evenly to obtain a core layer powder, granulating the core layer powder to obtain core layer particles;

[0014] A4. Add the composite Bacillus agent to the remaining main powder, mix evenly to obtain a shell powder, adhere the shell powder to the outside of the core layer particles to form a shell layer, and obtain a granular growth control and yield-increasing agent.

[0015] Furthermore, the concentration of sodium sulfite in the aqueous solution in step A1 is 0.2%-0.3%.

[0016] Furthermore, the main powder in step A2 needs to be crushed until the sesame oil is precipitated and the main powder is sticky.

[0017] Furthermore, the particle size of the core layer particles is 2-4 mm, and the thickness of the growth control and production increase agent is 0.2-0.4 mm.

[0018] The application amount of the growth control and yield increase agent is 800-1200kg / mu.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. The growth control and enhancement agent in the present invention uses potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and calcium prohexadione. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium phosphite are essential phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for sweet potatoes. After use, they can promote the rooting of sweet potatoes, the expansion of tubers, and increase the sugar accumulation of sweet potatoes, that is, accelerate the reproductive growth of sweet potatoes, inhibit the nutritional growth of sweet potatoes, and achieve both increased production and growth control; calcium prohexadione can inhibit the synthesis of gibberellic acid (GA1) in plants. The above three substances are used together to control the vigorous growth of sweet potato vines, improve the yield and quality of sweet potatoes, and there is no pesticide residue. It is an ideal growth control formula.

[0021] 2. The growth control and enhancement agent of the present invention also uses corn, sesame, yellow, castor seeds and composite bacillus agent, so that the growth control and enhancement agent has complete nutritional components. The raw materials used are themselves high-quality plant protein sources, and are also rich in amino acids and various trace elements, which can provide rich nutrients for plant production and help crops to supplement the required nutrients in a balanced and reasonable manner.

[0022] In addition, the castor seed cake in this formula contains ricin, which has a good preventive effect on underground pests in the soil. This is because it is a plant protein that is absorbed by plants after decomposing in the soil without any residue, thus providing nutrition for plants and preventing and controlling pests.

[0023] 3. The present invention adopts a growth control synergist for sweet potato planting, realizing the integration of growth control, yield increase and insect prevention of sweet potatoes. The growth control synergist in the present invention is a core-shell particle structure, and the organic fertilizer component on the outside wraps the growth control component inside. In the early growth stage of sweet potato seedlings, the organic fertilizer component in the outer shell of the growth control synergist plays an effect and promotes the growth of sweet potato seedlings. As the sweet potato continues to grow, the outer shell of the growth control synergist is also continuously consumed. When the sweet potato grows to about the first expansion period, the kernel of the growth control synergist is exposed and plays an effect. Since the kernel contains potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and calcium cyclohexadione, it can inhibit the vigorous growth of sweet potato vines.

[0024] By using the growth control and enhancement agent of the present invention, the growth control and enhancement agent can be directly planted together with the sweet potato seedlings. During the subsequent management period, there is no need to perform growth control operations on the sweet potato seedlings regularly, thereby reducing the workload of farmers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. 1. Specific embodiments

[0027] The present invention provides a sweet potato growth control, insect prevention, yield increase and multi-effect integrated planting method, comprising the following steps:

[0028] S1, preparing a growth control and yield increasing agent;

[0029] S2. Dig a pit on the ridge of the field to form a planting pit, sow the sweet potato seedlings and the growth control and yield increase agent in the planting pit, and then fill the soil and press it down;

[0030] The growth control and yield increase agent includes the following ingredients by weight: 180-220 parts of corn, 15-25 parts of sesame, 15-25 parts of soybean, 50-100 parts of castor seeds, 3-8 parts of composite Bacillus agent, 0.1-0.3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05-0.12 parts of potassium phosphite, and 0.01-0.03 parts of calcium cyclohexadione.

[0031] The growth-controlling and yield-increasing agent of the present invention not only directly acts on the sweet potato itself to control growth, increase efficiency and prevent insects, but also has the function of increasing ground temperature. The growth-controlling and yield-increasing agent prepared by the formula will ferment after being applied to the soil. The soil temperature will be increased by 1-2°C during the fermentation process, which provides conditions for the rapid growth of agricultural products, thereby increasing the yield of agricultural products; at the same time, it also has the function of improving soil and increasing fertility. The raw materials in the formula are rich in organic matter, which can greatly increase the organic matter content in the soil. The composite Bacillus agent added in the formula can increase the number of microbial flora in the soil, activate the soil, and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer.

[0032] In addition, the growth-controlling ingredients in the present invention can directly act on the roots of sweet potatoes, so that the sweet potatoes have a better ability to absorb the growth-controlling ingredients.

[0033] The preparation method of the production-increasing agent comprises the following steps:

[0034] A1. Soak corn in an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfite for 24-48 hours, take out the soaked corn and grind it to obtain corn powder;

[0035] A2. Add sesame, soybean and castor seeds to corn powder, mix well and then continue to grind to obtain main powder;

[0036] A3, taking 70%-80% of the total mass of the main powder and adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and prohexadione calcium, mixing evenly to obtain a core layer powder, granulating the core layer powder to obtain core layer particles;

[0037] A4. Add the composite Bacillus agent to the remaining main powder, mix evenly to obtain a shell powder, adhere the shell powder to the outside of the core layer particles to form a shell layer, and obtain a granular growth control and yield-increasing agent.

[0038] First of all, corn contains a lot of starch. Soaking the corn in an aqueous solution of sodium sulfite can promote the precipitation of starch in the corn during the subsequent crushing process, and starch is used as one of the binders of the growth control and enhancement agent. Secondly, sesame contains a lot of oil. The oil in sesame can be precipitated by crushing. The precipitated oil in sesame can also be used as one of the binders to further increase the viscosity of the main powder and ensure that the main powder can be granulated. The entire granulation process does not require the addition of additional chemical binders to avoid damaging the soil environment.

[0039] The shell layer in the present invention can not only prevent the growth-controlling components (potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and calcium prohexadione) in the core layer from exerting their effects, but also play the role of a protective film for the growth-controlling components. Since the half-life of calcium prohexadione is very short, in soil rich in microorganisms, the half-life does not exceed 24 hours. Therefore, through the protection of the shell layer, the invasion of microorganisms into the inner core is prevented, which causes the failure of calcium prohexadione. Meanwhile, compared with directly spraying calcium prohexadione on sweet potatoes, the granular inner core can consume the calcium prohexadione contained therein layer by layer and exert its effects, thus playing a role of slow release, so that calcium prohexadione can continuously exert its effects.

[0040] Furthermore, the concentration of sodium sulfite in the aqueous solution in step A1 is 0.2%-0.3%.

[0041] Furthermore, the main powder in step A2 needs to be crushed until the sesame oil is precipitated, and the main powder is sticky. With continuous crushing and stirring, the starch in the corn and the oil in the sesame will continue to precipitate, and the starch and the oil will have greater viscosity after mixing, thereby forming an adhesive.

[0042] Furthermore, the particle size of the core layer particles is 2-4 mm, and the thickness of the growth-controlling and yield-increasing agent is 0.2-0.4 mm. The shell of the growth-controlling and yield-increasing agent should not be too thick. On the one hand, it is to avoid that the shell of the growth-controlling and yield-increasing agent is consumed too slowly, resulting in the growth-controlling component in the kernel not being exposed after the sweet potato enters the expansion period; on the other hand, a thinner shell will increase the kernel particle size, and a kernel with a larger particle size will dilute the growth-controlling component to a certain extent, avoiding an excessively high concentration of the growth-controlling component and damaging the sweet potato.

[0043] 2. Performance Test

[0044] Preparation of growth control and yield increasing agent

[0045] Example 1

[0046] A0, weigh 200 catties of corn, 20 catties of sesame, 20 catties of soybeans, 80 catties of castor seeds, 5 catties of composite Bacillus agent, 0.2 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 catties of potassium phosphite, and 0.02 catties of prohexadione-calcium;

[0047] A1. Soak corn in a sufficient amount of aqueous solution containing 0.2% sodium sulfite for 36 hours, take out the soaked corn and grind it to obtain corn powder;

[0048] A2. Add sesame, soybean and castor seeds to corn powder, mix well and continue to grind until the powder becomes sticky to obtain main powder;

[0049] A3, take 245 catties of main powder and add potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and prohexadione calcium, mix well to obtain core layer powder, granulate the core layer powder to obtain core layer particles, the particle size of the core layer particles is 3 mm;

[0050] A4. Add the composite Bacillus agent to the remaining main powder, mix evenly to obtain a shell powder, and adhere the shell powder to the outside of the core layer particles to form a shell layer with a thickness of 0.3 mm to obtain a granular growth control and yield-increasing agent.

[0051] Example 2

[0052] A0, weigh 180 catties of corn, 15 catties of sesame, 15 catties of soybeans, 50 catties of castor seeds, 3 catties of composite Bacillus agent, 0.1 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05 catties of potassium phosphite, and 0.01 catties of prohexadione-calcium;

[0053] A1. Soak corn in a sufficient amount of aqueous solution containing 0.3% sodium sulfite for 24 hours, take out the soaked corn and grind it to obtain corn powder;

[0054] A2. Add sesame, soybean and castor seeds to corn powder, mix well and continue to grind until the powder becomes sticky to obtain main powder;

[0055] A3, take 210 catties of main powder and add potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and prohexadione calcium, mix well to obtain core layer powder, granulate the core layer powder to obtain core layer particles, the particle size of the core layer particles is 3 mm;

[0056] A4. Add the composite Bacillus agent to the remaining main powder, mix evenly to obtain a shell powder, and adhere the shell powder to the outside of the core layer particles to form a shell layer with a thickness of 0.3 mm to obtain a granular growth control and yield-increasing agent.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] A0, weigh 220 catties of corn, 25 catties of sesame, 25 catties of soybeans, 100 catties of castor seeds, 8 catties of composite Bacillus agent, 0.3 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.12 catties of potassium phosphite, and 0.03 catties of prohexadione-calcium;

[0059] A1. Soak corn in a sufficient amount of aqueous solution containing 0.2% sodium sulfite for 48 hours, take out the soaked corn and grind it to obtain corn powder;

[0060] A2. Add sesame, soybean and castor seeds to corn powder, mix well and continue to grind until the powder becomes sticky to obtain main powder;

[0061] A3, take 265 catties of main powder and add potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and prohexadione calcium, mix well to obtain core layer powder, granulate the core layer powder to obtain core layer particles, the particle size of the core layer particles is 3 mm;

[0062] A4. Add the composite Bacillus agent to the remaining main powder, mix evenly to obtain a shell powder, and adhere the shell powder to the outside of the core layer particles to form a shell layer with a thickness of 0.3 mm to obtain a granular growth control and yield-increasing agent.

[0063] Example 4

[0064] The difference between Example 4 and Example 1 is that the preparation method of the growth control and production increase agent is different, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0065] A0, weigh 200 catties of corn, 20 catties of sesame, 20 catties of soybeans, 80 catties of castor seeds, 5 catties of composite Bacillus agent, 0.2 catties of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.1 catties of potassium phosphite, and 0.02 catties of prohexadione-calcium;

[0066] A1. Mix corn, sesame, soybean, castor bean, composite bacillus agent, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and calcium procyclohexadione evenly and grind them, then squeeze them into granules by a granulator to obtain a growth-controlling and yield-increasing agent, wherein the particle size of the growth-controlling and yield-increasing agent is 3 mm.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the growth control and production increase agent of Comparative Example 1 does not contain potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and prohexadione calcium. The specific ingredients of the growth control and production increase agent of Comparative Example 1 are as follows:

[0069] A0. Weigh 200 catties of corn, 20 catties of sesame, 20 catties of soybeans, 80 catties of castor seeds, and 5 catties of compound Bacillus agent.

[0070] The control and yield-increasing agents prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example 1 were respectively used for sweet potato planting, and the application amount of the control and yield-increasing agent was 1000 kg / mu. The field management parameters during planting remained the same, and the sweet potato yield was recorded after the sweet potatoes matured. Comparative Example 2 was set up, and Comparative Example 2 was a blank control group. No fertilizer was applied during the sweet potato planting period. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0071] Table 1

[0072] Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Sweet potato yield (kg / mu) 3520 3314 3876 2812 2068 1030

[0073] It can be seen from Table 1 that when the method of the present invention is used to plant sweet potatoes, the sweet potato yield is above 2800 kg / mu, and the highest yield is as high as 3876 kg / mu.

[0074] The reason why the yield of Example 4 is slightly lower than that of Examples 1-3 is that the core-shell particle structure of the growth control synergist is not used, and the growth control ingredients such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate play a role in the early growth of sweet potatoes, but do not play a role in the appropriate growth period, thereby affecting the yield of sweet potatoes. In Comparative Example 1, the growth control of sweet potatoes was not carried out, which seriously affected the yield of sweet potatoes.

Claims

1. A sweet potato growth control, insect prevention, yield increase and multi-effect integrated planting method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, preparing a growth control and yield increasing agent; S2. Dig a pit on the ridge of the field to form a planting pit, sow the sweet potato seedlings and the growth control and yield increasing agent in the planting pit, and then fill the soil and press it down; The growth control and yield increase agent includes the following ingredients by weight: 180-220 parts of corn, 15-25 parts of sesame, 15-25 parts of soybean, 50-100 parts of castor seeds, 3-8 parts of composite Bacillus agent, 0.1-0.3 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05-0.12 parts of potassium phosphite, and 0.01-0.03 parts of calcium cyclohexadione.

2. A sweet potato growth control, insect prevention, yield increase and multi-effect integrated planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the growth control and production increasing agent comprises the following steps: A1. Soak corn in an aqueous solution containing sodium sulfite for 24-48 hours, take out the soaked corn and grind it to obtain corn powder; A2. Add sesame, soybean and castor seeds to corn powder, mix well and then continue to grind to obtain main powder; A3, taking 70%-80% of the total mass of the main powder and adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium phosphite and prohexadione calcium, mixing evenly to obtain a core layer powder, granulating the core layer powder to obtain core layer particles; A4. Add the composite Bacillus agent to the remaining main powder, mix evenly to obtain a shell powder, adhere the shell powder to the outside of the core layer particles to form a shell layer, and obtain a granular growth control and yield-increasing agent.

3. A sweet potato growth control, insect prevention, yield increase and multi-effect integrated planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The concentration of sodium sulfite in the aqueous solution in step A1 is 0.2%-0.3%.

4. A sweet potato growth control, insect prevention, yield increase and multi-effect integrated planting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The main powder in step A2 needs to be crushed until the sesame oil is precipitated and the main powder is sticky.

5. The sweet potato growth control, insect prevention, yield increase and multi-effect integrated planting method according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The particle size of the core layer particles is 2-4 mm, and the thickness of the growth control and production increase agent is 0.2-0.4 mm.

6. The sweet potato growth control, insect prevention, yield increase and multi-effect integrated planting method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The application amount of the growth control and yield increase agent is 800-1200kg / mu.