Controllable full-artificial breeding method for procambarus clarkii

Abstract

The invention discloses a controllable full-artificial breeding method for procambarus clarkia, which comprises the following steps: selection of parents of egg-carrying shrimps, collection of the egg-carrying shrimps, in-vitro operation of fertilized egg embryos, preservation of the in-vitro fertilized egg embryos, concentrated artificial incubation of the fertilized egg embryos, and breeding of finished product shrimp seeds. And transferring the shrimp seeds into a seed breeding pond to breed finished shrimp seeds. According to the controllable full-artificial breeding method for the procambarus clarkii, a commercial shrimp production mode that the procambarus clarkii is put in seasons and cleared in seasons can be achieved, and many adverse factors caused by self-breeding and self-rearing are avoided; according to the method, controllable production of the whole process from egg carrying of the egg-carrying shrimps to commodity shrimp seeds can be achieved; the method belongs to precise breeding, the parent source of the shrimp seeds is clear, the problem of germplasm degeneration caused by traditional pond close breeding is well solved, and meanwhile a certain foundation can be laid for later improved variety breeding and improved variety popularization.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of lobster breeding, and in particular to a controllable fully artificial seed breeding method for Procambarus clarkii. Background Art

[0002] Procambarus clarkia, commonly known as crayfish, is a popular species in aquaculture in recent years. In particular, with the explosive growth of integrated breeding models such as "rice-procambarus clarkia" and "aquatic vegetables-procambarus clarkia", there are millions of acres of new breeding area every year, so there is a huge demand for procambarus clarkia seedlings. At present, the breeding of procambarus clarkia seedlings is still mainly self-breeding in original ponds, and large-scale factory breeding under controllable artificial conditions is still blank. Due to the long natural breeding period of procambarus clarkia, it is difficult to achieve uniform specifications. Its cannibalistic characteristics also directly affect the survival rate of shrimp seedlings, which brings great difficulties to the control of later breeding density and specifications. In addition, the production of naturally bred shrimp seedlings is seriously insufficient during the best seedling release period before the end of March each year, and is relatively surplus after April, resulting in significant price fluctuations, which seriously affects market stability and production efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a controllable fully artificial breeding method for Procambarus clarkii, the purpose of which is to obtain batches of broodstock by selecting broodstock with eggs, and then to hatch the fertilized eggs in vitro, so as to obtain Procambarus clarkii seedlings with consistent specifications.

[0004] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] A controllable fully artificial seedling breeding method for Procambarus clarkii comprises the following steps:

[0006] S1: Selection of brooding shrimp parents:

[0007] The egg-bearing shrimp parents are selected from sexually mature individuals with strong physique, no disease or injury, complete limbs, and smooth bodies. The average size is 25-30g / tail for female shrimp and 30-35g / tail for male shrimp. The male and female parents are placed in the parent breeding pond for brooding;

[0008] S2: Collection of egg-bearing shrimps:

[0009] After the female shrimps are fertilized and lay eggs, they are collected and the collected shrimps with eggs are sterilized;

[0010] S3: In vitro manipulation of fertilized eggs and embryos:

[0011] Fix the egg-bearing shrimp and perform in vitro operations on the fertilized eggs;

[0012] S4: Preservation of in vitro fertilized eggs and embryos:

[0013] Cryopreservation of in vitro fertilized eggs that have no production plans;

[0014] S5: Centralized artificial incubation of fertilized eggs and embryos:

[0015] The fertilized eggs that need to be hatched are artificially incubated in a centralized manner according to the production plan by artificially controlling the incubation temperature;

[0016] S6: Cultivation of finished shrimp fry:

[0017] When the fertilized eggs break the membrane and molt 2-3 times, they are moved into the seedling cultivation pond for the cultivation of finished shrimp seedlings.

[0018] Furthermore, in S1, the breeding pond includes an indoor cement pond or an open-air earth pond.

[0019] Furthermore, in S2, the indoor cement pool is directly drained to collect the shrimps with eggs, and the open-air earthen pool is used to collect the shrimps with eggs by fishing with earthworms or digging shrimp holes.

[0020] Furthermore, in S2, the collection of crayfish in the open-air earth pond is carried out when the crayfish enter the hole to incubate eggs from October to December. When collecting with earthworms, the water level of the pond is raised to cover the crayfish hole, and fish and shrimp meat is placed in the earthworms for trapping.

[0021] Furthermore, in S2, the aseptic treatment method is to wash the collected egg-bearing shrimps with sterile water and then soak them in a methylene blue solution with a concentration of 0.5 to 5 mg / L for 5 to 15 minutes.

[0022] Furthermore, in said S3, the method for in vitro operation of the fertilized eggs is to cut along the base of the swimming legs of the egg-bearing shrimp with ophthalmic scissors.

[0023] Furthermore, in S4, the method for cryopreservation of fertilized eggs is to place the in vitro fertilized eggs in a constant temperature incubator, the temperature of the incubator is set at 7-10°C, and the temperature is gradually reduced by 1°C-2°C per day from the temperature of the fertilized eggs until the required temperature for preservation is reached, an aeration pump is added to ensure that the water body has sufficient dissolved oxygen, and new water is replaced every 5-7 days. Before changing the water, the temperature of the new water is kept consistent with the incubation temperature.

[0024] Furthermore, in S5, the fertilized egg hatching method is: according to the production plan, the incubation temperature of the constant temperature incubator is controlled at 24°C-30°C, and the temperature is gradually increased by 1°C-2°C every day until the water temperature of the fertilized eggs reaches the temperature required for hatching, and the temperature is maintained for incubation. During the period, oxygenation facilities are placed to ensure that the water body has sufficient dissolved oxygen, and new water is replaced every 5-7 days. Before changing the water, the temperature of the new water is kept consistent with the incubation temperature.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] The controllable fully artificial seedling raising method of Procambarus clarkii of the present invention can realize the commercial shrimp production mode of seasonal stocking and seasonal cleaning, and avoid many disadvantageous factors caused by self-breeding and self-rearing; the present invention can realize the controllable production of the whole process from egg-carrying shrimp to commercial shrimp seedlings; because the present invention belongs to precision seedling raising, the parental source of shrimp seedlings is relatively clear, which has a good solution to the problem of germplasm degeneration caused by inbreeding in traditional ponds, and can also lay a certain foundation for the later breeding and promotion of improved varieties. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below.

[0028] A controllable fully artificial seedling breeding method for Procambarus clarkii comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1: Selection of brooding shrimp parents:

[0030] The egg-bearing shrimp parents are selected from sexually mature individuals with strong physique, no disease or injury, complete limbs, and smooth bodies. The average size is 25-30g / tail for female shrimp and 30-35g / tail for male shrimp. The male and female parents are placed in the parent breeding pond for brooding. The breeding pond includes an indoor cement pool or an open-air earthen pool.

[0031] S2: Collection of egg-bearing shrimps:

[0032] Female shrimps are collected after they are fertilized and lay eggs. The collection of egg-bearing shrimps in open-air earthen ponds is carried out from October to December when crayfish enter the holes to carry eggs. When collecting with earthworms, the water level in the pond is raised to cover the crayfish holes, and fish and shrimp meat is placed in the earthworms for trapping. Indoor cement pools are directly drained and then the egg-bearing shrimps are collected. In open-air earthen ponds, the egg-bearing shrimps are collected by catching with earthworms or digging shrimp holes.

[0033] The collected shrimps with eggs are aseptically treated by washing them with sterile water and then soaking them in a methylene blue solution with a concentration of 0.5 to 5 mg / L for 5 to 15 minutes.

[0034] S3: In vitro manipulation of fertilized eggs and embryos:

[0035] Fix the shrimp holding eggs and perform in vitro operation on the fertilized eggs; the method for in vitro operation on the fertilized eggs is to use ophthalmic scissors to cut along the base of the swimming legs of the shrimp holding eggs.

[0036] S4: Preservation of in vitro fertilized eggs and embryos:

[0037] The in vitro fertilized eggs that have no production plan are cryopreserved; the method for cryopreserving fertilized eggs is to place the in vitro fertilized eggs in a constant temperature incubator with the incubator temperature set at 7-10°C. When cooling down, the temperature is gradually reduced by 1°C-2°C per day from the temperature of the fertilized eggs until the required storage temperature is reached. An aeration pump is added to ensure that the water body has sufficient dissolved oxygen. New water is replaced every 5-7 days. Before changing the water, the temperature of the new water should be kept consistent with the incubation temperature.

[0038] S5: Centralized artificial incubation of fertilized eggs and embryos:

[0039] For the fertilized eggs that need to be hatched, they are incubated artificially in a centralized manner according to the production plan by artificially controlling the incubation temperature. The fertilized egg incubation method is as follows: according to the production plan, the incubation temperature of the constant temperature incubator is controlled at 24°C-30°C, and the temperature is gradually increased by 1°C-2°C every day until the water temperature of the fertilized eggs reaches the temperature required for hatching. The temperature is maintained for incubation, and oxygenation facilities are placed during the period to ensure that the water body has sufficient dissolved oxygen. New water is replaced every 5-7 days, and the temperature of the new water is kept consistent with the incubation temperature before changing the water.

[0040] S6: Cultivation of finished shrimp fry:

[0041] When the fertilized eggs break the membrane and molt 2-3 times, they are moved into the seedling cultivation pond for the cultivation of finished shrimp seedlings.

[0042] The controllable fully artificial seedling raising method of Procambarus clarkii of the present invention can realize the commercial shrimp production mode of seasonal stocking and seasonal cleaning, and avoid many disadvantageous factors caused by self-breeding and self-rearing; the present invention can realize the controllable production of the whole process from egg-carrying shrimp to commercial shrimp seedlings; because the present invention belongs to precision seedling raising, the parental source of shrimp seedlings is relatively clear, which has a good solution to the problem of germplasm degeneration caused by inbreeding in traditional ponds, and can also lay a certain foundation for the later breeding and promotion of improved varieties.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A controllable fully artificial breeding method for Procambarus clarkii, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Selection of brooding shrimp parents: The egg-bearing shrimp parents are selected from sexually mature individuals with strong physique, no disease or injury, complete limbs, and smooth bodies. The average size is 25-30g / tail for female shrimp and 30-35g / tail for male shrimp. The male and female parents are placed in the parent breeding pond for brooding; S2: Collection of egg-bearing shrimp: After the female shrimps are fertilized and lay eggs, they are collected and the collected shrimps with eggs are sterilized; S3: In vitro manipulation of fertilized eggs and embryos: Fix the egg-bearing shrimp and perform in vitro operations on the fertilized eggs; S4: Preservation of in vitro fertilized eggs and embryos: Cryopreservation of in vitro fertilized eggs that have no production plans; S5: Centralized artificial incubation of fertilized eggs and embryos: The fertilized eggs that need to be hatched are artificially incubated in a centralized manner according to the production plan by artificially controlling the incubation temperature; S6: Cultivation of finished shrimp fry: When the fertilized eggs break the membrane and molt 2-3 times, they are moved into the seedling cultivation pond for the cultivation of finished shrimp seedlings.

2. The controllable fully artificial seedling raising method of Procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, the breeding pond includes an indoor cement pond or an open-air earth pond.

3. The controllable fully artificial seedling raising method of Procambarus clarkii according to claim 2, characterized in that: In S2, the indoor cement pool is directly drained to collect the shrimps with eggs, and the open-air earthen pool is used to collect the shrimps with eggs by fishing with earthworms or digging shrimp holes.

4. The controllable fully artificial seedling raising method of Procambarus clarkii according to claim 3, characterized in that: In S2, the collection of crayfish in the open-air earth pond is carried out when the crayfish enter the hole to carry eggs from October to December. When collecting with earthworms, the water level of the pond is raised to cover the crayfish hole, and fish and shrimp meat is placed in the earthworms for trapping.

5. The controllable fully artificial breeding method of Procambarus clarkii according to claim 4, characterized in that: In S2, the aseptic treatment method is to wash the collected egg-bearing shrimps with sterile water and then soak them in a methylene blue solution with a concentration of 0.5 to 5 mg / L for 5 to 15 minutes.

6. The controllable fully artificial seedling raising method of Procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the method for in vitro operation of fertilized eggs is to cut along the base of the swimming legs of the egg-bearing shrimp with ophthalmic scissors.

7. The controllable fully artificial seedling raising method of Procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, the method for low-temperature preservation of fertilized eggs is to place the in vitro fertilized eggs in a constant temperature incubator, the temperature of the incubator is set at 7-10°C, and the temperature is gradually reduced by 1°C-2°C per day from the temperature of the fertilized eggs until the required temperature for preservation is reached, and an aeration pump is added to ensure that the water body has sufficient dissolved oxygen, and new water is replaced every 5-7 days. Before changing the water, the temperature of the new water is kept consistent with the incubation temperature.

8. The controllable fully artificial breeding method of Procambarus clarkii according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, the fertilized egg hatching method is: according to the production plan, the incubation temperature of the constant temperature incubator is controlled at 24°C-30°C, and the temperature is gradually increased by 1°C-2°C every day until the water temperature of the fertilized eggs reaches the temperature required for hatching, and the temperature is maintained for incubation. During the period, oxygenation facilities are placed to ensure that the water body has sufficient dissolved oxygen. New water is replaced every 5-7 days, and the temperature of the new water is kept consistent with the incubation temperature before changing the water.