Processing technology for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharide

Abstract

The invention provides a processing technology for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharide. The processing technology comprises the following steps of S1, raw material selection, S2, pretreatment, S3, starch saccharification and S4, concentration and drying. According to the processing technology for converting the ginseng starch into the polysaccharide, provided by the invention, the bioavailability of the ginseng starch is improved because the polysaccharide is more easily absorbed and utilized by a human body than the original starch; the taste and the digestion and absorption performance are improved; starch saccharification is carried out by adopting a biological enzyme method, so that the problems of environmental pollution and product safety possibly caused by a chemical method are avoided; by controlling the enzymolysis conditions, the type and quality of the polysaccharide can be accurately controlled, and the specific requirements of different products are met; impurities can be effectively removed through pretreatment and purification steps, and the purity and quality of a final product are improved; the properties of the starch are maintained through methods such as low-temperature drying, and the stability of the product is ensured; the method is simple in technological process, easy to operate and suitable for large-scale production, and has a good application prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, in particular to a processing technology for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharides. Background Art

[0002] In the professional field of food processing technology, ginseng plants such as ginseng and American ginseng have become the focus of attention due to their rich nutritional value and significant medicinal value. The starch contained in these ginseng plants is their main form of carbohydrate storage. However, the bioavailability of ginseng starch directly consumed is relatively low, and its taste and digestion and absorption performance are not ideal. Therefore, how to effectively convert ginseng starch into a polysaccharide form that is easier for the human body to absorb and utilize has become an important research direction in the field of food processing technology research.

[0003] In the traditional processing method of ginseng starch, physical means such as mechanical grinding and heat treatment are mainly used to change the physical state of starch. However, this method has limited effect on the change of starch structure, resulting in low conversion efficiency. The chemical method usually involves the use of acid or alkali to treat starch. Although this method can effectively destroy the structure of starch granules and thus improve conversion efficiency, it is often accompanied by environmental pollution and product safety issues, which limits the chemical method in practical applications. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a processing technology for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharides, so as to solve the problems in the prior art that ginseng starch has low bioavailability, unsatisfactory taste and digestion and absorption performance when directly consumed. By providing a new processing technology, the present invention can effectively convert ginseng starch into a polysaccharide form that is easier for the human body to absorb and utilize, improve the conversion efficiency, and avoid the limitations of traditional physical and chemical methods, such as environmental pollution and product safety issues.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: The present invention provides a processing technology for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharides, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1. Select raw materials

[0007] Firstly, fresh ginseng is selected as the ginseng starch raw material;

[0008] S2. Preprocessing

[0009] Pre-treating the ginseng starch raw material in step S1;

[0010] S3, starch saccharification

[0011] Performing starch saccharification on the ginseng starch raw material pretreated in step S2;

[0012] S4. Concentration and drying

[0013] The polysaccharide obtained in step S3 is concentrated and dried to obtain a polysaccharide product.

[0014] Preferably, the pre-processing in S2 comprises the following steps:

[0015] a) Cleaning: After the fresh ginseng is dug up, it is stored in a cold storage for 7-10 days at a temperature of 1-3°C, and then cleaned to remove the dirt and other impurities in the fresh ginseng. The starch in the fresh ginseng is slowly converted into sugar in the cold storage;

[0016] b) drying to remove water, usually by low temperature drying to maintain the properties of the starch;

[0017] c) Pulverizing to break the starch into small particles to increase its surface area and improve conversion efficiency.

[0018] Preferably, the starch saccharification in step S3 comprises the following steps:

[0019] d) Select appropriate amylase according to the required polysaccharide type;

[0020] e) controlling the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, including appropriate temperature, pH and reaction time, to ensure optimal enzyme activity;

[0021] f) mixing the pretreated starch with an enzyme, and performing temperature and time control to gradually convert the starch into polysaccharides;

[0022] g) After the reaction is complete, the action of the enzyme is terminated by heating or adding other chemicals;

[0023] h) separating the generated polysaccharides by filtration, centrifugation, etc., and then purifying them to remove enzymes and other impurities.

[0024] Preferably, the amylase includes α-amylase and β-amylase.

[0025] Preferably, in step e), the temperature is 50-70° C. and the pH is 4.5-7.

[0026] Preferably, the concentration and drying in step S4 comprises the following steps:

[0027] i) concentration, increasing the concentration of the polysaccharide solution by evaporating water;

[0028] j) Drying: removing moisture by hot air drying, freeze drying or spray drying to obtain a solid polysaccharide product.

[0029] Preferably, in the step b), the low-temperature drying temperature is 40-60° C. to ensure that the physical and chemical properties of the starch are not destroyed.

[0030] Preferably, the step S1 of selecting raw materials comprises the following steps:

[0031] k) Select fresh and mature ginseng plants as the raw material source;

[0032] l) Remove impurities from ginseng plants through physical methods such as screening and winnowing to ensure the purity of the raw materials.

[0033] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The invention provides a processing technology for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharides, which improves the bioavailability of ginseng starch because polysaccharides are more easily absorbed and utilized by the human body than original starch; improves the taste and digestion and absorption performance; uses a bioenzyme method to carry out starch saccharification, thereby avoiding environmental pollution and product safety problems that may be caused by chemical methods; controls the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, and can accurately control the type and quality of polysaccharides to meet the specific needs of different products; the pretreatment and purification steps adopted can effectively remove impurities and improve the purity and quality of the final product; and maintains the properties of starch by methods such as low-temperature drying, thereby ensuring the stability of the product; the process flow of the invention is simple, easy to operate, suitable for large-scale production, and has good application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 A flow chart provided for the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meanings as those commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which the invention belongs. The terms used in this specification and in the description of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not used to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0037] Example

[0038] like Figure 1 As shown, a processing technology for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharides comprises the following steps:

[0039] S1. Select raw materials

[0040] k) Select fresh and mature ginseng plants as the raw material source, and ensure that the plants used reach the optimal maturity state during the growth cycle to ensure that the content and activity of their active ingredients reach the highest level;

[0041] l) Physical methods such as screening and winnowing are used to remove impurities from ginseng plants to ensure the purity of the raw materials. These methods can effectively separate non-target components in ginseng plants, such as soil particles, plant fragments, etc., thereby improving the overall quality of the raw materials.

[0042] S2. Preprocessing

[0043] a) Cleaning: After the fresh ginseng is dug up, it is stored in a cold storage for 7-10 days at a temperature of 1-3°C. Then the ginseng is rinsed with clean water to remove the dirt and impurities on the surface. This step is a crucial step in the pretreatment process. It can remove microorganisms and residual pesticides that may be carried on the surface of the ginseng, laying a good foundation for the subsequent processing steps.

[0044] b) Drying: Place the cleaned ginseng in a drying oven at 40-60°C for low-temperature drying until the moisture content drops below 10% to ensure that the physical and chemical properties of the starch are not destroyed. Low-temperature drying helps maintain the stability of heat-sensitive components in ginseng and avoids the gelatinization of starch that may be caused by high temperatures.

[0045] c) Crushing: Use a crusher to crush the dried ginseng into fine particles with a particle size of about 0.5 mm. This process can significantly increase the contact area between ginseng and subsequent processing reagents, thereby improving the reaction efficiency and polysaccharide extraction rate.

[0046] S3, starch saccharification

[0047] d) Select amylase: According to the type of polysaccharide to be prepared, select α-amylase, which can efficiently catalyze the hydrolysis reaction of starch molecules and is the key enzyme for converting starch into polysaccharides.

[0048] e) Control the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions: Set the temperature to 60°C and adjust the pH value to 6.0. These two parameters are the optimal conditions for enzyme activity and can ensure the efficient enzymatic hydrolysis reaction.

[0049] f) Enzymatic hydrolysis: Mix the crushed ginseng starch with α-amylase at a ratio of 1:100, and perform enzymatic hydrolysis under the above conditions for about 2 hours to ensure that the starch is completely converted into polysaccharides. Enzymatic hydrolysis is a key step in converting starch into polysaccharides, and the reaction conditions need to be strictly controlled to ensure the conversion rate.

[0050] g) Enzyme termination: After the reaction is completed, the mixture is heated to 90°C for 10 minutes to terminate the enzyme action. High temperature treatment can quickly stop the activity of the enzyme and prevent further degradation of the polysaccharide.

[0051] h) Separation and purification: The mixture after enzymatic hydrolysis is separated by a centrifuge to obtain a supernatant, which is then purified through a dialysis bag to remove small molecule impurities. The separation and purification step can remove impurities such as unreacted starch particles and enzyme proteins to obtain a high-purity polysaccharide solution.

[0052] S4. Concentration and drying

[0053] i) Concentration: The purified polysaccharide solution is concentrated in a rotary evaporator until the solution concentration reaches 50%. The concentration step is to reduce the time and energy consumption required for the subsequent drying step, while improving the concentration and stability of the polysaccharide product.

[0054] j) Drying: The concentrated polysaccharide solution is spray dried at a drying temperature of 120°C to obtain a solid polysaccharide powder. Spray drying is a rapid drying technology that can quickly convert polysaccharides in solution into powder for easy storage and transportation.

[0055] Through the above steps, ginseng starch can be converted into a polysaccharide form that is easily absorbed and utilized by the human body. The final polysaccharide product has good taste and digestion and absorption properties, and is suitable for further food processing or as a nutritional supplement.

[0056] The present invention significantly improves the bioavailability of ginseng starch. By converting starch into polysaccharide form, the present invention makes these polysaccharides easier to be absorbed and utilized by the human body than the original starch, thereby improving its nutritional value. In addition, the present invention also improves the taste and digestion and absorption performance of starch products, so that the final product is more in line with the taste and health needs of consumers. During the treatment process, the present invention adopts a bioenzymatic method to saccharify starch, which not only avoids the environmental pollution problems that may be caused by traditional chemical methods, but also ensures the safety of the product, providing consumers with a healthier choice. By accurately controlling the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, the present invention can produce different types of polysaccharides in a customized manner according to different product requirements, meeting the market demand for diversified products. In the pretreatment and purification steps, the present invention effectively removes impurities in starch, thereby improving the purity and quality of the final product. At the same time, the original properties of starch are maintained by methods such as low-temperature drying, ensuring the stability and consistency of the product. Finally, the process flow of the present invention is designed to be simple and easy to operate, and is very suitable for large-scale production, so it has a very broad application prospect and market potential.

[0057] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit them. Under the concept of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may also be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other changes in different aspects of the present invention as above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they may still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0058] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A process for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharides, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Select raw materials Select fresh ginseng as ginseng starch raw material; S2. Preprocessing Pre-treating the ginseng starch raw material in step S1; S3, starch saccharification Performing starch saccharification on the ginseng starch raw material pretreated in step S2; S4. Concentration and drying The polysaccharide obtained in step S3 is concentrated and dried to obtain a polysaccharide product.

2. The process for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pre-processing in S2 comprises the following steps: a) Cleaning: After the fresh ginseng is dug up, it is stored in a cold storage for 7-10 days at a temperature of 1-3°C, and then cleaned to remove the dirt and other impurities in the fresh ginseng. The starch in the fresh ginseng is slowly converted into sugar in the cold storage; b) drying to remove water, usually by low temperature drying to maintain the properties of the starch; c) Pulverizing to break the starch into small particles to increase its surface area and improve conversion efficiency.

3. The process for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The starch saccharification in step S3 comprises the following steps: d) Select appropriate amylase according to the required polysaccharide type; e) controlling the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions, including appropriate temperature, pH and reaction time, to ensure optimal enzyme activity; f) mixing the pretreated starch with an enzyme, and performing temperature and time control to gradually convert the starch into polysaccharides; g) After the reaction is complete, the action of the enzyme is terminated by heating or adding other chemicals; h) separating the generated polysaccharides by filtration, centrifugation, etc., and then purifying them to remove enzymes and other impurities.

4. The process for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharides according to claim 3, characterized in that: The amylase includes α-amylase and β-amylase.

5. The process for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharides according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the step e), the temperature is 50-70° C. and the pH is 4.5-7.

6. The process for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concentration and drying in step S4 includes the following steps: i) concentration, increasing the concentration of the polysaccharide solution by evaporating water; j) Drying: removing moisture by hot air drying, freeze drying or spray drying to obtain a solid polysaccharide product.

7. The process for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharides according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step b), the low-temperature drying temperature is 40-60° C. to ensure that the physical and chemical properties of the starch are not destroyed.

8. The process for converting ginseng starch into polysaccharides according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 of selecting raw materials includes the following steps: k) Select fresh and mature ginseng plants as the raw material source; l) Remove impurities from ginseng plants through physical methods such as screening and winnowing to ensure the purity of the raw materials.

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