Ginseng extract and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a ginseng extract and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of natural product extracting.According to the preparation method of the ginseng extract, the extraction rate of active ingredients in ginseng is remarkably increased by adopting a method of combining lateral root water extraction and stem and leaf alcohol extraction, and lateral roots are rich in hydrophilic saponin Rg1, so that the content of the active ingredients in the ginseng is increased; the stem leaves contain more fat-soluble saponin Re, and are suitable for efficient extraction by using an alcohol extraction method, so that the method not only overcomes the limitation of a single extraction mode, but also can adjust extraction parameters according to the specific chemical composition of the raw materials, so that the extraction efficiency is improved, and the extraction cost is reduced. The optimal extraction effect can be obtained in each step, the two extracting solutions are mixed according to the proportion, the proportion of active ingredients of the final extract is further optimized, and the overall effect and stability of the product are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of natural product extraction, in particular to a ginseng extract and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As a traditional Chinese medicinal material, ginseng is widely used in health products and medicines due to its rich medicinal value. The active ingredients in ginseng, especially saponin compounds such as Rg1 and Re, have many benefits for human health, including antioxidant, anti-fatigue, and immune regulation. However, the process of extracting these active ingredients requires precise control of conditions to ensure the quality and purity of the extract. Traditional ginseng extraction methods usually use a single solvent extraction method, which may result in some active ingredients not being fully extracted or being destroyed during the extraction process, thereby affecting the quality and efficacy of the final product.

[0003] At present, in terms of raw material selection, the existing extraction technology mostly relies too much on the main root of ginseng, ignoring the potential value of lateral roots, stems and leaves. The main root is expensive to obtain and causes great damage to ginseng plants, which is not conducive to the sustainable use of resources. At the same time, in the extraction process, it is difficult for the existing technology to accurately control the proportion of different active ingredients in the extract. For example, in the preparation of ginseng extracts for the prevention of alcoholic liver damage, it is impossible to accurately control the ratio of saponin Rg1 with liver-protecting effects and saponin Re with anti-fatigue effects, resulting in unstable product efficacy, difficulty in effectively exerting synergistic effects, and failure to accurately meet the needs of the target population.

[0004] In summary, the ginseng extract preparation method in the prior art has shortcomings and cannot meet the demand for extracts with a specific saponin ratio. Therefore, developing a method that can accurately control the ratio of saponin Rg1 to Re in ginseng extract is of great significance for improving the medicinal value of ginseng extract and broadening its application field. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a ginseng extract and a preparation method thereof, which can achieve accurate extraction and ratio control of saponin Rg1 and Re in ginseng lateral roots and stems and leaves through the technical means of step-by-step extraction and gradient mixing, which not only improves the medicinal purity of the extract, but also makes the extract have a clearer pharmacological effect.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: On the one hand, a method for preparing ginseng extract, the specific steps of the method are:

[0007] S100, selecting lateral roots and stems and leaves of raw ginseng, and simultaneously crushing and hot-air drying the lateral roots and stems and leaves;

[0008] S200, adding water at a ratio of 1:10-15 of the mass of the lateral root material to the liquid, performing water bath extraction, and separating the extract by filtering to obtain a lateral root water extract rich in saponin Rg1;

[0009] S300, performing an alcohol extraction operation on the crushed stems and leaves, adding an ethanol solution, and performing reflux extraction under the assistance of ultrasound to obtain an alcohol extract of stems and leaves rich in saponin Re;

[0010] S400, respectively concentrating the lateral root water extract and the stem and leaf alcohol extract to remove water and ethanol, gradient mixing the two concentrated solutions according to the ratio of saponin Rg1:Re of 1:1.5, stirring evenly, to obtain a mixed extract;

[0011] S500, concentrating the mixed extract under reduced pressure, and placing it in a vacuum drying oven to obtain a light yellow powdered ginseng extract.

[0012] Furthermore, the S100 hot air drying adopts a staged temperature control mode, with the first stage being drying at 50-55°C for 2-3 hours, and the second stage being drying at 40-45°C until the moisture content is ≤8%.

[0013] Furthermore, the temperature of the S200 water bath extraction is 60-80° C., and the extraction time is 2-4 hours.

[0014] Furthermore, in the S300, an ethanol solution with a concentration of 70%-80% is added at a volume ratio of stems and leaves to ethanol of 1:5-8.

[0015] Furthermore, during the S300 reflux extraction, ultrasonic treatment is performed at a frequency of 35-45 kHz and a power of 300-350 W for 20-30 minutes, followed by reflux extraction at 65-70° C. for 1.0-1.5 hours.

[0016] Furthermore, when the S400 is performing concentration, the concentration temperature is 45-55° C. and the vacuum degree is -0.08 MPa to -0.1 MPa.

[0017] Furthermore, the S400 gradient mixing means first slowly adding 1 / 2 volume of the lateral root water extract concentrate into the stem and leaf alcohol extract concentrate at a ratio of 1:1.5 calculated according to the saponin Rg content, stirring for 10-15 minutes, then slowly adding the remaining lateral root water extract concentrate, and continuing to stir for 15-20 minutes until the mixture is evenly mixed.

[0018] Furthermore, the mixed solution is concentrated under reduced pressure at 50-60° C. and -0.08-0.10 MPa to a relative density of 1.25-1.30 in S500, and then transferred into a vacuum drying oven to be dried to a moisture content of ≤5% at a temperature of 40-45° C. and a vacuum degree of ≥0.09 MPa.

[0019] On the other hand, a ginseng extract is provided, wherein the ratio of saponin Rg1 to saponin Re in the ginseng extract is 1:1.5, the ginseng extract is in the form of light yellow powder, and the moisture content is less than 5%, wherein saponin Rg1 exerts a liver-protecting effect, and saponin Re exerts an anti-fatigue effect, and they act synergistically in the prevention of alcoholic liver damage.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the ginseng extract and its preparation method have the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The present invention significantly improves the extraction rate of active ingredients in ginseng by combining lateral root water extraction with stem and leaf alcohol extraction. The lateral roots are rich in hydrophilic saponin Rg1, so the water extraction method can retain this component to the maximum extent, while the stems and leaves contain more fat-soluble saponin Re, which are suitable for efficient extraction using alcohol extraction. This method not only overcomes the limitations of a single extraction method, but also can adjust the extraction parameters according to the specific chemical composition of the raw materials to ensure that each step can obtain the best extraction effect. By mixing the two extracts in proportion, the active ingredient ratio of the final extract is further optimized, thereby improving the overall efficacy and stability of the product.

[0022] 2. The present invention selects ginseng lateral roots and stems and leaves as raw materials, which changes the traditional situation of relying only on the main root. On the one hand, it reduces the excessive exploitation of ginseng main roots, protects ginseng resources, and is conducive to the sustainable development of ginseng planting industry; on the other hand, it broadens the channels for obtaining raw materials, reduces production costs, and realizes the maximum development of resources through the effective utilization of lateral roots and stems and leaves.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be set forth in part in the following description and, in part, will be apparent to those skilled in the art based on an examination of the following or may be taught from the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0025] Figure 1 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for preparing ginseng extract. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] In order to further explain the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation mode, structure, characteristics and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

[0027] A ginseng extract, comprising saponin Rg1 and saponin Re in a ratio of 1:1.5, and the extract is in the form of a light yellow powder with a moisture content of less than 5%. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps of the preparation method of the ginseng extract are:

[0028] S100, selecting lateral roots and stems and leaves of raw ginseng, and simultaneously crushing and hot-air drying the lateral roots and stems and leaves, wherein the hot-air drying adopts a segmented temperature control mode, wherein the first stage is dried at 50-55° C. for 2-3 hours, and the second stage is dried at 40-45° C. until the moisture content is ≤8%;

[0029] S200, adding water at a mass ratio of 1:10-15 between the lateral root material and the liquid, performing water bath extraction at 60-80° C. for 2-4 hours, and separating the extract by filtering to obtain a lateral root water extract rich in saponin Rg1;

[0030] S300, performing an alcohol extraction operation on the crushed stems and leaves, adding an ethanol solution with a concentration of 70%-80% according to a volume ratio of stems and leaves to ethanol of 1:5-8, and performing reflux extraction under the assistance of ultrasound. During the reflux extraction, first perform an ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 35-45kHz and a power of 300-350W for 20-30 minutes, and then reflux extract at 65-70°C for 1.0-1.5 hours to obtain a stem and leaf alcohol extract rich in saponin Re;

[0031] S400, respectively concentrating the lateral root water extract and the stem and leaf alcohol extract, the concentration temperature is 45-55°C, the vacuum degree is -0.08MPa to -0.1MPa, removing water and ethanol, and mixing the two concentrates in a gradient mixing manner according to a saponin Rg1:Re ratio of 1:1.5, that is, firstly calculating the lateral root water extract concentrate according to the saponin Rg content, and slowly adding 1 / 2 volume of the stem and leaf alcohol extract concentrate at a ratio of 1:1.5, stirring for 10-15 minutes, and then slowly adding the remaining lateral root water extract concentrate, and continuing to stir for 15-20 minutes until the mixture is uniform, to obtain a mixed extract;

[0032] S500, the mixed extract is concentrated under reduced pressure at 50-60°C and -0.08 to -0.10MPa to a relative density of 1.25-1.30, and then transferred into a vacuum drying oven, and dried to a moisture content of ≤5% at a temperature of 40-45°C and a vacuum degree of ≥0.09MPa to obtain a light yellow powdered ginseng extract.

[0033] Embodiment 1

[0034] Raw material processing: 100g of lateral roots with a diameter of 2-3mm and 150g of stems and leaves on the 120th day of the growth period of raw ginseng were selected and crushed at the same time, and then a hot air drying mode with segmented temperature control was adopted. In the first stage, it was dried at 50℃ for 2 hours; in the second stage, it was dried at 40℃ until the moisture content reached 7%;

[0035] Lateral root water extraction: put the dried lateral roots into a container, add 1000 ml of water at a mass ratio of lateral roots to water liquid of 1:10, extract in a 60°C water bath for 2 hours, stir regularly during the extraction process, and separate the extract through a filtration device after the extraction is completed to obtain a lateral root water extract rich in saponin Rg1;

[0036] Stem and leaf alcohol extraction: Place the crushed stems and leaves in a reactor, add 750 ml of 70% ethanol solution at a volume ratio of 1:5 between stems and leaves and ethanol, first perform ultrasonic treatment at a frequency of 35 kHz and a power of 300 W for 20 minutes, then reflux extraction at 65°C for 1 hour to obtain a stem and leaf alcohol extract rich in saponin Re;

[0037] Concentration and mixing: the lateral root water extract and the stem and leaf alcohol extract are transferred to an evaporator respectively, concentrated at a concentration temperature of 45°C and a vacuum degree of -0.08MPa to remove water and ethanol, and the lateral root water extract concentrate is first calculated according to the saponin Rg content according to the ratio of saponin Rg1:Re of 1:1.5, and 1 / 2 volume of the lateral root water extract concentrate is slowly added to the stem and leaf alcohol extract concentrate at a ratio of 1:1.5. After stirring for 10 minutes, the remaining lateral root water extract concentrate is slowly added, and stirring is continued for 15 minutes until the mixture is uniform, to obtain a mixed extract;

[0038] Drying the finished product: The mixed extract was concentrated under reduced pressure at 50°C and -0.08MPa to a relative density of 1.25, and then transferred into a vacuum drying oven and dried at 40°C and a vacuum degree of 0.09MPa to a moisture content of 4% to obtain a light yellow powdered ginseng extract.

[0039] Implementation effect: After testing, the ginseng extract obtained in this embodiment has an Rg1 content of 5.5%, an Re content of 8.2%, a Rg1 to Re ratio of 1:1.49, a total saponin content of 28.5%, an extract purity of 95.0%, and a moisture content of 4.5%, which indicates that the preparation method can effectively extract high-content saponin components from ginseng lateral roots and stems and leaves, accurately control the ratio of Rg1 and Re, and the extract has high purity and controlled moisture content, which is beneficial to the storage and efficacy of the product.

[0040] Embodiment 2

[0041] Raw material processing: weigh 120g of lateral roots with a diameter of 2-3mm and 180g of stems and leaves on the 120th day of the growth period of raw ginseng, crush them and then dry them with hot air, drying them at 52℃ for 2.5 hours in the first stage and at 42℃ to a moisture content of 6% in the second stage;

[0042] Lateral root water extraction: add 1440 ml water at a mass ratio of lateral root to water liquid of 1:12, extract in a 70℃ water bath for 3 hours, and filter to obtain the lateral root water extract;

[0043] Alcohol extraction of stems and leaves: 1080 ml of 75% ethanol solution was added at a volume ratio of 1:6 between stems and leaves and ethanol, and ultrasonic treatment was performed at a frequency of 40 kHz and a power of 320 W for 25 minutes, followed by reflux extraction at 67°C for 1.2 hours to obtain the alcohol extract of stems and leaves;

[0044] Concentration and mixing: Concentrate the two extracts at a concentration temperature of 50°C and a vacuum degree of -0.09MPa, mix them in a proportional gradient, first add 1 / 2 of the lateral root water extract concentrate and stir for 12 minutes, then add the remaining part and stir for 18 minutes to obtain a mixed extract.

[0045] Drying finished product: The mixed extract was concentrated under reduced pressure at 55°C and -0.09MPa to a relative density of 1.28, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 42°C and a vacuum degree of 0.095MPa to a moisture content of 3.5% to obtain a light yellow powdered ginseng extract.

[0046] Implementation effect: In the ginseng extract of this embodiment, the Rg1 content is 5.6%, the Re content is 8.4%, the Rg1:Re ratio is exactly 1:1.5, the total saponin content is 29.0%, the extract purity is 95.5%, and the moisture content is 3.5%. The results further verify the reliability and stability of the preparation method of the present invention, which can not only accurately control the proportion of key ingredients, but also improve the total saponin content and the purity of the extract. The low moisture content also helps to extend the shelf life of the product, providing a strong guarantee for the efficacy of preventing alcoholic liver damage.

[0047] Embodiment 3

[0048] Raw material processing: Take 150g of lateral roots with a diameter of 2-3mm and 225g of stems and leaves on the 120th day of the growth period of raw ginseng, crush them and then dry them with hot air, drying at 55℃ for 3 hours in the first stage and at 45℃ in the second stage until the moisture content is 5%;

[0049] Lateral root water extraction: add 2250 ml of water at a mass ratio of lateral root to water liquid of 1:15, extract in a water bath at 80°C for 4 hours, and filter and separate the lateral root water extract;

[0050] Stem and leaf alcohol extraction: add 1800 ml of 80% ethanol solution at a volume ratio of 1:8 between stems and leaves and ethanol, treat with ultrasound at a frequency of 45 kHz and a power of 350 W for 30 minutes, and reflux extract at 70°C for 1.5 hours to obtain a stem and leaf alcohol extract;

[0051] Concentration and mixing: Concentrate at a concentration temperature of 55°C and a vacuum degree of -0.1MPa. When gradient mixing is performed, first add 1 / 2 of the lateral root water extract concentrate and stir for 15 minutes, then add the remaining part and stir for 20 minutes to obtain a mixed extract;

[0052] Drying finished product: The mixed extract is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60°C and -0.1MPa to a relative density of 1.30, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 45°C and a vacuum degree of 0.1MPa to a moisture content of 2% to obtain a light yellow powdered ginseng extract.

[0053] Implementation effect: The test results of the extract of this embodiment showed that the Rg1 content was 5.7%, the Re content was 8.6%, the Rg1:Re ratio was 1:1.51, the total saponin content was as high as 29.2%, the extract purity was 96.0%, and the moisture content was only 2%. This shows that within the process parameter range of the present invention, operations such as increasing the extraction temperature and extending the extraction time can further improve the quality of the extract, make the key component ratio accurate, increase the total saponin and purity, and low moisture content is more conducive to the long-term preservation of the product.

[0054] Embodiment 4

[0055] Raw material processing: 80g of lateral roots with a diameter of 2-3mm and 120g of stems and leaves on the 120th day of the growth period of raw ginseng were selected, crushed and then hot-air dried at 51℃ for 2.2 hours in the first stage and at 41℃ in the second stage until the moisture content reached 7.5%;

[0056] Lateral root water extraction: add 880 ml water at a mass ratio of lateral root to water liquid of 1:11, extract in a 65℃ water bath for 2.5 hours, and filter to obtain the lateral root water extract;

[0057] Alcohol extraction of stems and leaves: add 660 ml of 72% ethanol solution at a volume ratio of 1:5.5 between stems and leaves and ethanol, treat with ultrasound at a frequency of 37 kHz and a power of 310 W for 22 minutes, and reflux extract at 66°C for 1.1 hours to obtain an alcohol extract of stems and leaves;

[0058] Concentration and mixing: Concentrate at a concentration temperature of 47°C and a vacuum degree of -0.085MPa, mix in a proportional gradient, first add 1 / 2 of the lateral root water extract concentrate and stir for 11 minutes, then add the remaining part and stir for 16 minutes to obtain a mixed extract;

[0059] Drying finished product: The mixed extract was concentrated under reduced pressure at 52°C and -0.085MPa to a relative density of 1.26, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 41°C and a vacuum degree of 0.092MPa to a moisture content of 4.5% to obtain a light yellow powdered ginseng extract.

[0060] Implementation effect: In the extract of Example 4, the Rg1 content is 5.4%, the Re content is 8.1%, the Rg1:Re ratio is 1:1.50, the total saponin content is 28.8%, the extract purity is 94.8%, and the moisture content is 4.5%, which shows that under relatively mild extraction conditions, the method of the present invention can still stably extract a high proportion of Rg1 and Re, ensure the total saponin content and the purity of the extract, and the product has an appropriate moisture content, which can be effectively used to prevent alcoholic liver damage.

[0061] Embodiment 5

[0062] Raw material processing: weigh 130g of lateral roots with a diameter of 2-3mm and 195g of stems and leaves on the 120th day of the growth period of raw ginseng, crush them and then dry them with hot air, drying at 53℃ for 2.8 hours in the first stage and at 43℃ in the second stage until the moisture content reaches 6.5%;

[0063] Lateral root water extraction: add 1690 ml water at a mass ratio of lateral root to water liquid of 1:13, extract in a 75℃ water bath for 3.5 hours, and filter to obtain the lateral root water extract;

[0064] Stem and leaf alcohol extraction: add 1365 ml of 78% ethanol solution at a volume ratio of 1:7 between stems and leaves and ethanol, treat with ultrasound at a frequency of 42 kHz and a power of 330 W for 28 minutes, and then reflux extract at 68°C for 1.3 hours to obtain a stem and leaf alcohol extract;

[0065] Concentration and mixing: Concentrate at a concentration temperature of 52°C and a vacuum degree of -0.095 MPa, mix in a proportional gradient, first add 1 / 2 of the lateral root water extract concentrate and stir for 13 minutes, then add the remaining part and stir for 17 minutes to obtain a mixed extract;

[0066] Drying finished product: The mixed extract was concentrated under reduced pressure at 58°C and -0.095MPa to a relative density of 1.29, and dried in a vacuum drying oven at 44°C and a vacuum degree of 0.098MPa to a moisture content of 3% to obtain a light yellow powdered ginseng extract.

[0067] Implementation effect: After testing, the Rg1 content of the extract of this embodiment is 5.8%, the Re content is 8.7%, the Rg1:Re ratio is 1:1.50, the total saponin content is 29.5%, the extract purity is 95.8%, and the moisture content is 3%. The results show that the process of the present invention can still accurately control the component ratio under different raw material dosages and fine-tuning of operating conditions, improve the total saponin and purity, and the low moisture content ensures product stability.

[0068] Comparative Example 1

[0069] Raw material processing: Select 200g of raw ginseng taproot, wash and cut into thin slices;

[0070] Extraction process: A single 70% ethanol solution was used as the solvent, 2000 ml of ethanol was added according to the volume ratio of taproot to ethanol of 1:10, and reflux extraction was performed in a 60°C water bath for 3 hours;

[0071] Subsequent treatment: After the extraction is completed, the filtrate is filtered and concentrated at 50°C and -0.09MPa, and dried to a moisture content of less than 5% to obtain ginseng extract. This method does not distinguish between lateral roots and stems and leaves, nor does it accurately control the ratio of saponins Rg1 and Re. Only one solvent is used for extraction, which makes it difficult to ensure the full extraction and proportion coordination of the active ingredients.

[0072] Implementation effect: In the ginseng extract prepared in Comparative Example 1, the Rg1 content is only 3.2%, the Re content is 4.0%, and the Rg1:Re ratio is 1:1.25, which is quite different from the target ratio. The total saponin content is 20.0%, which is significantly lower than that of the embodiments. The extract purity is 85.0%, which is also lower than that of the embodiments. The water content is 5.5%, which is higher than that of the embodiments. This shows that the traditional single solvent extraction method cannot accurately extract and regulate the key saponin components, has low extraction efficiency, more impurities, and poor product quality. Its efficacy in preventing alcoholic liver damage is far inferior to that of the embodiment products.

[0073] Comparative Example 2

[0074] Raw material processing: 100 g of lateral roots with a diameter of 2-3 mm and 150 g of stems and leaves on the 120th day of the growth period of raw ginseng were selected, and crushed and hot-air dried at the same time. The drying conditions were the same as those in Example 1;

[0075] Extraction process: the steps of water extraction of lateral roots and alcohol extraction of stems and leaves are the same as those in Example 1;

[0076] Mixing process: After the lateral root water extract and the stem and leaf alcohol extract were concentrated, they were directly mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1, without gradient mixing in a ratio of saponin Rg1:Re of 1:1.5;

[0077] Drying finished product: The mixed solution is concentrated under reduced pressure at 50°C and -0.08MPa to a relative density of 1.25, and then transferred into a vacuum drying oven. At 40°C and a vacuum degree of 0.09MPa, it is dried to a moisture content of 4% to obtain a light yellow powdered ginseng extract. This comparative example does not precisely control the saponin ratio and cannot guarantee that the product achieves the best efficacy in preventing alcoholic liver damage.

[0078] Implementation effect: In the extract of this comparative example, the Rg1 content is 4.3%, the Re content is 6.0%, and the Rg1:Re ratio is 1:1.40, which deviates from the optimal ratio of 1:1.5. The total saponin content is 24.0%, which is lower than that in the embodiment. The extract purity is 90.0%, which is also lower than that in the embodiment. The moisture content is 5.0%, which indicates that failure to precisely control the ratio will affect the component balance of the extract, reduce the total saponin content and purity, and thus weaken the synergistic effect of the product in preventing alcoholic liver damage, highlighting the importance of the precise ratio control process of the present invention.

[0079] In summary, the ginseng extract provided in Examples 1 to 5 has obvious advantages in terms of Rg1 content, Re content, total saponin content of 28.5%, moisture control, etc., and its specific data are shown in the following table:

[0080]

[0081]

[0082] As can be seen from the above table, when analyzing the implementation effect data of the ginseng extracts provided in Examples 1 to 5 and the comparative example, starting from the indicators of component ratio, total saponin content, extract purity and water content, by comparing the data differences between the examples and between the examples and the comparative example, the advantages of the preparation method of the present invention and the shortcomings of the traditional method are summarized, and the specific analysis is as follows:

[0083] Precise control of the ratio of ingredients: In Examples 1 to 5, the ratio of Rg1 to Re is significantly controlled, all close to the target ratio of 1:1.5, with very little deviation. In Example 2, the ratio is exactly 1:1.5, and the ratios of Examples 1, 4, and 5 are also stable at around 1:1.50, and Example 3 is 1:1.51. This is due to the step-by-step extraction and gradient mixing process of the present invention, which can accurately control the ratio of key saponins and ensure the stability of the extract components. In contrast, Comparative Example 1 uses a traditional single solvent extraction method, and the Rg1:Re ratio is 1:1.25; Although Comparative Example 2 uses a similar extraction method, the ratio is not accurately controlled, and its ratio is 1:1.40, which is significantly different from the target ratio. This shows that traditional methods and methods that do not accurately control the ratio cannot achieve accurate regulation of the ratio of key saponins, thereby affecting the synergistic effect of the extract in preventing alcoholic liver injury;

[0084] The total saponin content is high and stable: the total saponin content of each embodiment is between 28.5% and 29.5%, with high values ​​and small fluctuations. The total saponin content of embodiment 3 is the highest, reaching 29.2%; the total saponin content of embodiment 5 is 29.5%, which shows that the extraction method of the present invention can efficiently obtain saponin components from ginseng lateral roots and stems and leaves, making full use of the raw materials and improving the medicinal value of the extract. In sharp contrast, the total saponin content of comparative example 1 is only 20.0%, and comparative example 2 is only 24.0%, which is significantly lower than the embodiments. This reflects that the traditional extraction method and the method of not accurately controlling the ratio have low extraction efficiency of ginsenosides, resulting in loss of effective ingredients and reducing the medicinal value of the extract;

[0085] High purity of the extract: The purity of the extracts in the examples is generally high, ranging from 94.8% to 96.0%. The purity of Example 3 reaches 96.0%, and that of Example 5 is 95.8%, which indicates that the extraction process of the present invention can effectively remove impurities while obtaining the target components, thereby ensuring the quality of the extract and reducing the interference of impurities on the efficacy. The purity of the extract in Comparative Example 1 is 85.0%, and that in Comparative Example 2 is 90.0%, both lower than the level of the examples, indicating that the traditional and imprecise extraction method is not effective in removing impurities, and there are more impurities in the extract, which may affect the quality and safety of the product;

[0086] Appropriate moisture content: The moisture content of the embodiments is lower than 5%, between 2% and 4.5%. For example, the moisture content of Example 3 is only 2%, and that of Example 1 is 4.5%. A lower moisture content is beneficial to the storage and stability of the extract, and can effectively prevent product deterioration and degradation of active ingredients due to excessive moisture. The moisture content of Comparative Example 1 is 5.5%, which is higher than that of the embodiments. Higher moisture content may increase the risk of degradation of active ingredients and affect the storage stability of the product.

[0087] In summary, through the comparison between the embodiments and the comparative examples, it is fully verified that the ginseng extract prepared by the process of combining lateral root water extraction with stem and leaf alcohol extraction, segmented temperature controlled drying, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and gradient mixing adopted in the present invention has achieved the optimization of the entire process from raw material processing to finished product preparation, providing a reliable guarantee for the production of high-quality ginseng extract.

[0088] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a ginseng extract, characterized in that: The specific steps of this method are: S100, selecting lateral roots and stems and leaves of raw ginseng, and simultaneously crushing and hot-air drying the lateral roots and stems and leaves; S200, adding water at a ratio of 1:10-15 of the mass of the lateral root feed and liquid, performing water bath extraction, and separating the extract by filtering to obtain a lateral root water extract rich in saponin Rg1; S300, performing an alcohol extraction operation on the crushed stems and leaves, adding an ethanol solution, and performing reflux extraction under the assistance of ultrasound to obtain an alcohol extract of stems and leaves rich in saponin Re; S400, respectively concentrating the lateral root water extract and the stem and leaf alcohol extract to remove water and ethanol, gradient mixing the two concentrated solutions according to the ratio of saponin Rg1:Re of 1:1.5, stirring evenly, to obtain a mixed extract; S500, concentrating the mixed extract under reduced pressure, and placing it in a vacuum drying oven to obtain a light yellow powdered ginseng extract.

2. The method for preparing a ginseng extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S100 hot air drying adopts a staged temperature control mode, with drying at 50-55°C for 2-3 hours in the first stage and drying at 40-45°C until the moisture content is ≤8% in the second stage.

3. The method for preparing a ginseng extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the S200 water bath extraction is 60-80° C., and the extraction time is 2-4 hours.

4. The method for preparing a ginseng extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S300, the volume ratio of stems and leaves to ethanol is 1:5-8, and an ethanol solution with a concentration of 70%-80% is added.

5. The method for preparing a ginseng extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the S300 reflux extraction, ultrasonic treatment is performed at a frequency of 35-45 kHz and a power of 300-350 W for 20-30 minutes, followed by reflux extraction at 65-70° C. for 1.0-1.5 hours.

6. The method for preparing a ginseng extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the S400 is performing concentration, the concentration temperature is 45-55° C. and the vacuum degree is -0.08 MPa to -0.1 MPa.

7. The method for preparing a ginseng extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S400 gradient mixing means first slowly adding 1 / 2 volume of the lateral root water extract concentrate into the stem and leaf alcohol extract concentrate at a ratio of 1:1.5 according to the saponin Rg content, stirring for 10-15 minutes, then slowly adding the remaining lateral root water extract concentrate, and continuing to stir for 15-20 minutes until the mixture is uniform.

8. The method for preparing a ginseng extract according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S500 concentrates the mixed solution under reduced pressure at 50-60° C. and -0.08-0.10 MPa to a relative density of 1.25-1.30, and transfers the mixture into a vacuum drying oven to dry the mixture to a moisture content of ≤5% at a temperature of 40-45° C. and a vacuum degree of ≥0.09 MPa.

9. A ginseng extract, suitable for the ginseng extract preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The ratio of saponin Rg1 to saponin Re in the ginseng extract is 1:1.5, and the extract is in the form of light yellow powder with a moisture content of less than 5%. Saponin Rg1 exerts a liver-protecting effect, and saponin Re exerts an anti-fatigue effect, and they act synergistically in preventing alcoholic liver damage.

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