A position change type triangular vortex generator and a position control method

Abstract

This invention provides a displacement-type eddy current generator and its position control method, belonging to the field of active flow control equipment. The eddy current generator (VG) includes a belt, belt guide rail, belt bearing, slider, support column, triangular VG body, guide rail support block, limiting groove, body connecting plate, and motor. The belt is mounted on the belt guide rail and driven by the motor. The slider, which is concave in shape and mounted on the belt, is connected to the body connecting plate via the support column. The VG body is fixed at both ends of the body connecting plate. The belt guide rail is mounted on the guide rail support block, allowing the slider to move within the limiting groove. By controlling the motor to drive the belt, the slider and VG body move, achieving precise adjustment of the eddy current generator's position. This invention automatically adjusts the eddy current generator position according to changes in incoming wind speed and angle of attack, maintaining optimal aerodynamic performance under different operating conditions, significantly improving the aerodynamic performance and power generation efficiency of wind turbine blades, and effectively mitigating the negative impact of leading-edge roughness.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of active flow control and equipment, specifically relating to a displacement-type triangular eddy current generator and a position control method. Background Technology

[0002] In aerospace engineering, wind power generation, and other fluid dynamics applications, improving the aerodynamic performance of wings or blades has always been a research hotspot and a challenge. The aerodynamic performance of wings or blades directly affects the lift, drag, stability of aircraft, and the efficiency of wind turbines. Especially in complex airflow environments, such as high wind speeds and large angles of attack, flow separation often occurs near the wall, which severely reduces aerodynamic performance and may even lead to equipment failure or damage.

[0003] Flow separation refers to the backflow phenomenon that occurs in airfoil or blade flow when the increased adverse pressure gradient and enhanced viscous forces within the boundary layer cause the fluid's kinetic energy to be insufficient to overcome the adverse pressure gradient, resulting in backflow. Flow separation not only leads to a sharp decrease in the lift coefficient but also significantly increases the drag coefficient, thus severely affecting the blade's operating efficiency. To improve the aerodynamic performance of blades, vortex generators are typically used as flow control devices.

[0004] In existing technologies, passive triangular vortex generators (VGs) are generally used to improve flow separation on the blade surface. VGs enhance the energy input to the boundary layer by generating vortices on the blade surface, thereby delaying the occurrence of flow separation. However, passive triangular vortex generators have the following drawbacks: First, poor adaptability: Passive triangular vortex generators cannot automatically adjust their position according to changes in incoming air velocity and angle of attack, making it difficult to maintain optimal aerodynamic performance under different operating conditions. Especially at small angles of attack, passive triangular vortex generators may not be able to fully exert their function, and may even produce negative effects. Second, low efficiency: While suppressing flow separation, passive triangular vortex generators also introduce additional drag and energy consumption. If the position of the triangular vortex generator is unreasonable, it may not only fail to improve the lift-to-drag ratio, but may also reduce the overall efficiency. Third, complex parameter design: To obtain good aerodynamic performance, the design of passive triangular vortex generators often requires consideration of multiple parameters, such as geometry, installation position, and angle, increasing the complexity and cost of the design. Fourth, difficult maintenance: Once installed, passive triangular vortex generators are difficult to disassemble and replace. During long-term use, if the triangular vortex generator is damaged or fails, it will seriously affect the aerodynamic performance of the blades, and the maintenance cost is high.

[0005] Based on this, researchers began exploring active triangular vortex generators and their applications. Active triangular vortex generators can adjust their position according to changes in incoming air velocity and angle of attack, thus maintaining optimal aerodynamic performance under various operating conditions. This design not only improves the adaptability and efficiency of triangular vortex generators but also simplifies the design process and maintenance. However, most existing active triangular vortex generators employ complex mechanical structures and control systems, resulting in high costs, insufficient reliability, limited flow separation effects, and other additional problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a displacement-type triangular vortex generator and a position control method, which automatically adjusts its position according to the changes in incoming wind speed and angle of attack. When the angle of attack is small, the triangular vortex generator is located at the trailing edge of the suction surface slit to generate the maximum lift coefficient to drag coefficient ratio. When the angle of attack is large, the triangular vortex generator moves to the leading edge of the suction surface slit to suppress flow separation on the suction surface under large angle of attack conditions. It can maintain the best aerodynamic effect under different operating conditions, has a simple structure, low cost and high precision, and effectively controls and optimizes the position of the vortex generator, thereby improving the power generation efficiency or aerodynamic performance of the blades.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present invention adopt the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a displacement-type triangular eddy current generator, comprising: a belt 15, a belt guide rail 3, a belt bearing 4, a slider 5, a support column 6, a triangular eddy current generator VG body 7, a guide rail support block 8, a limiting groove 9, a body connecting plate 11, and a motor 12; wherein...

[0009] The belt 15 is mounted on the belt guide rail 3, which is a rectangular strip with a motor 12 at one end and a belt bearing 4 at the other end. The motor 12 and the belt bearing 4 together form the power unit for the belt 15, which drives the belt 15 to reciprocate on the belt guide rail 3. The slider 5 is mounted on the belt 15 and moves along the upper side of the belt guide rail 3 under the drive of the belt 15.

[0010] The slider 5 is concave, with a support column 6 fixed at the middle of its upper side. A main body connecting plate 11 is fixed at the top of the support column 6. With the support column 6 as the center of symmetry, triangular VG bodies 7 are fixed at both ends of the main body connecting plate 11. The vertical distance between the triangular VG bodies 7 and the upper side of the suction surface of the current leaf element is a predetermined height h. The triangular VG bodies 7 are two identical triangular plates, namely the first body and the second body, symmetrically arranged at both ends of the main body connecting plate 11. The main body connecting plate 11 and the triangular VG bodies 7 extend beyond the suction surface slit 10 of the current leaf element 1. The support column 6 is parallel to the web slit and moves along the suction surface slit 10 under the drive of the slider 5 and the support column 6.

[0011] On the leaf element 1 and the web plate 2 fixed perpendicularly to the leaf element, there is a slit that is perpendicular to the surface of the leaf element, passes through the leaf element 1, extends to the web plate 2 and connects to the limiting groove 9, and has a predetermined length, predetermined width and predetermined depth. The predetermined length and predetermined width correspond to the leaf element suction surface slit 10, and the predetermined width and predetermined depth correspond to the web plate slit. The width of the suction surface slit 10 is the same as the width of the web plate slit. At the bottom of the web plate slit, the slit connects to the inverted concave limiting groove 9. The protrusion on the web plate inside the groove is the guide rail support block 8. The upper part of the inverted concave limiting groove 9 has the same shape as the slider 5, so that the slider 5 can pass through the limiting groove 9. The belt guide rail 3 is set on the guide rail support block 8 at the bottom of at least two limiting grooves 9 and is evenly distributed between the guide rail support blocks 8, so that the belt guide rail 3 can stably support the movement of the slider 5.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the slider 5 is fixed to the belt 15 by welding.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the predetermined height h is 0.5% to 1.5% of the current leaf element chord length.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the belt guide rail 3 is provided with identifiable position scale.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the predetermined length of the slit is 45% to 55% of the current leaf element chord length, and the actual assembly range of the triangular VG body 7 is 10% to 50% of the chordal position.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the eddy current generator further includes: a data transmission line 13 and a control center 14;

[0017] The control center 14 is located on the web plate 2 and is connected to the motor 12 via the data transmission line 13;

[0018] The control center 14 is used to calculate the optimal chordal position of the VG body based on the data, and to control the motor 12 through the data transmission line 13.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control center 14 includes: a data acquisition module, a data processing module, an angle of attack determination module, a model construction module, and a motor control module; wherein,

[0020] The data acquisition module is used to preset angle-of-attack points within the blade angle-of-attack range, preset VG body chordal position points within the VG body chordal position range, collect all angle-of-attack points corresponding to each VG body chordal position point, and the corresponding lift-to-drag ratio, to form the original dataset, which is then sent to the model building module; it is also used to collect the incoming wind speed, blade rotation speed, blade pitch angle, blade element torsion angle, and blade element radial position in the blade environment of the current triangular displacement vortex generator, and send them to the data processing module.

[0021] The data processing module is used to calculate the inflow angle of attack of the blade element based on the incoming wind speed, blade rotation speed, blade pitch angle, blade element torsion angle, and blade element radial position, and send the current angle of attack value to the angle of attack judgment module.

[0022] The angle of attack determination module is used to determine whether the current angle of attack is consistent with the angle of attack at the previous moment; if they are consistent, the data acquisition module is activated; if they are inconsistent, the current angle of attack is sent to the model building module.

[0023] The model building module is used to find the optimal VG body chordal position value at each angle of attack based on the original dataset and with the optimal lift-to-drag ratio as the objective function; to build an optimization model based on the angle of attack and the optimal VG body chordal position; and to input the calculated current angle of attack value into the optimization model according to the current angle of attack sent by the angle of attack judgment module, output the corresponding optimal VG body chordal position at the current angle of attack value, and send the optimal VG body chordal position to the motor control module.

[0024] The motor control module is used to control the motor with a PID algorithm according to the optimal chordal position of the VG body, drive the VG body to move along the belt guide rail, so that the VG body moves to the optimal chordal position of the VG body; wait until the next moment, and start the data acquisition module.

[0025] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention also provide a position control method for a displacement-type triangular eddy current generator, used to control the displacement-type triangular eddy current generator as described above, the control method comprising:

[0026] Step S1: Preset angle of attack points within the blade angle of attack range, and preset VG body chordal position points within the VG body chordal position range. Collect all angle of attack points corresponding to each VG body chordal position point, as well as the corresponding lift-to-drag ratio, to form the original dataset.

[0027] Step S2: Based on the original dataset, with the optimal lift-to-drag ratio as the objective function, find the optimal VG body chordal position value at each angle of attack; construct an optimization model based on the angle of attack and the optimal VG body chordal position.

[0028] Step S3: Collect the incoming wind speed, blade rotation speed, blade pitch angle, blade element torsion angle, and blade element radial position of the blade environment where the current triangular displacement vortex generator is located, and calculate the blade element inflow angle of attack.

[0029] Step S4: Determine whether the current angle of attack is the same as the angle of attack at the previous moment; if they are the same, wait until the next moment and return to step S3; if they are not the same, proceed to step S5.

[0030] Step S5: Input the calculated current angle of attack value into the optimization model and output the optimal VG body chordal position corresponding to the current angle of attack value;

[0031] Step S6: Based on the optimal VG body chordal position, use the PID algorithm to control the motor and drive the VG body to move along the belt guide rail, so that the VG body moves to the optimal VG body chordal position; wait until the next moment, and return to step S3.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step S2, which constructs an optimization model based on the angle of attack and the optimal VG body chordal position, specifically includes:

[0033] An optimal position analysis table is established based on the angle of attack and the optimal VG body chordal position as the optimization model;

[0034] or,

[0035] Based on the angle of attack and the optimal VG body chordal position, a function is fitted with the angle of attack as the independent variable and the optimal VG body chordal position as the dependent variable. The continuous curve function obtained after fitting is used as the optimization model.

[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the process of calculating the inflow angle of attack of the leaf element in step S3 is as follows:

[0037] Calculate the current inflow velocity v of the leaf element according to formula (1). r :

[0038]

[0039] In equation (1), v ∞ Ω represents the incoming air velocity, a represents the blade rotation speed, a represents the axial induction factor, a′ represents the tangential induction factor, and r represents the radial position of the blade element.

[0040] Then, calculate the leaf element inflow angle of attack α according to formula (2):

[0041]

[0042] In equation (2), θ represents the sum of the blade element twist angle and the blade pitch angle.

[0043] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0044] The displacement-type triangular vortex generator and its position control method provided in this invention overcome the technical bottleneck of traditional passive vortex generators, which have fixed positions and can only increase power generation within a specific angle of attack range, and cannot adapt to varying wind conditions. This invention proposes a displacement-type active vortex generator device, which realizes intelligent sensing of wind conditions and intelligent adjustment of the vortex generator through an active control system. Based on the control mechanism and parameter sensitivity analysis of the vortex generator, an intelligent control strategy and optimization algorithm based on the active vortex generator are established. By monitoring the incoming air velocity and blade rotation speed through unit sensors, the local instantaneous inflow angle of attack of the blades is calculated, and the optimal installation position is obtained by optimizing aerodynamic performance. The efficiency enhancement performance is evaluated. A design scheme for the displacement-type active vortex generator device is proposed. With the help of servo motor control and the mechanical principle of belt drive, an actuation algorithm for the vortex generator device is established to ensure precise real-time adjustment of the vortex generator installation position and achieve optimal dynamic control of the vortex generator for the blade aerodynamic performance.

[0045] Of course, implementing any product or method of the present invention does not necessarily require achieving all of the advantages described above at the same time. Attached Figure Description

[0046] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0047] Figure 1 This is a front view of the installation effect of the displacement-type triangular eddy current generator described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the installation effect of the displacement-type triangular eddy current generator described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The cross-sectional view of the guide rail section A of the deformed triangular eddy current generator is shown.

[0050] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 The top view of the guide rail section A of the deformed triangular eddy current generator shown;

[0051] Figure 5 yes Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of the limiting part B of the deformable triangular eddy current generator shown;

[0052] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the position control method for the displacement-type triangular eddy current generator according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 7 This is a force analysis diagram of the blade in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 8 This invention compares the lift coefficient and drag coefficient of the triangular vortex generator described in the embodiment of the invention under different angles of attack, including the modified triangular vortex generator, the non-triangular vortex generator, and the passive triangular vortex generator, when the height h is 0.8% of the local blade element chord length.

[0055] Figure 9 This invention relates to a comparison of the lift coefficients of the triangular vortex generator described in the embodiments of the present invention under different angles of attack, including the modified triangular vortex generator, the non-triangular vortex generator, and the passive triangular vortex generator, when the height h is 0.8% of the local blade element chord length.

[0056] Figure 10 This invention compares the drag coefficients of the triangular vortex generator described in the embodiment of the invention under different angles of attack, including the modified triangular vortex generator, the non-triangular vortex generator, and the passive triangular vortex generator, when the height h is 0.8% of the local blade element chord length.

[0057] Figure 11 This is the percentage increase in power of the displacement-type triangular vortex generator described in the embodiment of the present invention at different tip speed ratios of a 5MW wind turbine, ignoring leading edge roughness;

[0058] Figure 12 The percentage increase in power of the displacement-type triangular vortex generator described in this embodiment of the invention, considering leading edge roughness, is the percentage increase in power of a 5MW wind turbine at different tip speed ratios.

[0059] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0060] 1-Leaf element; 2-Body plate; 3-Belt guide rail; 4-Belt bearing; 5-Slider; 6-Support column; 7-Triangular VG body; 8-Guide rail support block; 9-Limiting groove; 10-Suction surface slit; 11-Body connecting plate; 12-Motor; 13-Data transmission line; 14-Control center; 15-Belt. Detailed Implementation

[0061] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present invention can also be combined with each other.

[0062] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. In the description of this invention, the terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0063] To address the problems encountered in the use of triangular vortex generators, this invention provides a displacement-type triangular vortex generator and its position control method. By combining the triangular vortex generator with an optimization algorithm, and focusing on dynamic adaptability, intelligence, and efficiency, an active triangular vortex generator is designed to avoid increased power loss at small angles of attack and improve the flow control effect of the vortex generator at large angles of attack. The vortex generator uses a sensor as a medium and a motor as a drive, enabling it to adjust its position in real time according to incoming flow conditions (such as angle of attack and wind speed), thereby reducing unnecessary power loss and optimizing aerodynamic performance. For example, in the wind power field, the active triangular vortex generator can further stabilize and improve the power generation efficiency of wind turbine units, significantly improving wind energy utilization efficiency and generating significant economic benefits.

[0064] The displacement-type triangular vortex generator and its position control method described in this invention improve the aerodynamic performance of the blades by adjusting the position of the displacement-type triangular vortex generator to adapt to airflow environments under different wind speeds and angles of attack. Figure 1-5 As shown, the displacement-type triangular eddy current generator includes: a belt 15, a belt guide rail 3, a belt bearing 4, a slider 5, a support column 6, a triangular VG body 7, a guide rail support block 8, a limiting groove 9, a body connecting plate 11, a motor 12, a data transmission line 13, and a control center 14.

[0065] A belt 15 is mounted on a belt guide rail 3, which is a rectangular strip with a motor 12 at one end and a belt bearing 4 at the other end. The motor 12 and the belt bearing 4 constitute the power unit for the belt 15, driving the belt 15 to reciprocate on the belt guide rail 3. Preferably, the belt 15 is loop-shaped, consisting of two belts, attached to the belt guide rail 3 and symmetrically distributed on both sides of the guide rail support block 8.

[0066] The slider 5 is mounted on the belt 15 and moves along the upper side of the belt guide rail 3 under the drive of the belt 15. The slider 5 is concave, with a support column 6 fixed at the middle of its upper side. A body connecting plate 11 is fixed to the top of the support column 6. With the support column 6 as the center of symmetry, triangular VG bodies 7 are fixed at both ends of the body connecting plate 11. The vertical distance between the triangular VG bodies 7 and the upper side of the current leaf element suction surface is a predetermined height h. The triangular VG bodies 7 are two identical triangular plates, namely the first body and the second body, symmetrically arranged at both ends of the body connecting plate 11. The body connecting plate 11 and the triangular VG bodies 7 extend beyond the suction surface slit 10. The support column 6 is parallel to the web slit and moves along the suction surface slit 10 under the drive of the slider 5 and the support column 6. Preferably, the slider 5 is fixed to the belt guide rail 3 by welding. Preferably, the predetermined height h is 0.5% to 1.5% of the local leaf element chord length.

[0067] On the current leaf element 1 and the web plate 2 fixed perpendicularly to the leaf element, a slit with a predetermined length, predetermined width, and predetermined depth is formed, perpendicular to the surface of the leaf element, penetrating the current leaf element 1 and the web plate 2, and connecting to the limiting groove 9. The predetermined length and predetermined width correspond to the suction surface slit 10 of the current leaf element, and the predetermined width and predetermined depth correspond to the web plate slit, wherein the width of the suction surface slit 10 is the same as the width of the web plate slit. At the bottom of the web plate slit, the slit connects to an inverted concave limiting groove 9; the protrusion on the web plate inside the groove is a guide rail support block 8; the upper part of the inverted concave limiting groove 9 has the same shape as the slider 5, allowing the slider 5 to pass through the limiting groove 9. The belt guide rail 3 is set on the guide rail support blocks 8 at the bottom of at least two limiting grooves 9, and is evenly distributed between the guide rail support blocks 8, so that the belt guide rail 3 can stably support the movement of the slider 5. Preferably, the belt guide rail 3 is provided with identifiable position scales. When the slider 5 is driven by the belt to slide on the belt guide rail, the chordal position of the slider 5 is confirmed by the position scale set on the belt guide rail 3.

[0068] In a specific application example, the predetermined length of the slit is 45% to 55% of the current blade element chord length, and the actual assembly range of the triangular VG body 7 is 10% to 50% of the chord length. That is, the opening position of the slit is between 10% and 50% of the current blade element chord length, which is also the actual assembly position or range of motion of the triangular VG body 7.

[0069] The control center 14 is located on the web plate 2 and is connected to the motor 12 via the data transmission line 13. It is used to calculate the optimal VG body chordal position based on the data and to control the motor 12 via the data transmission line 13.

[0070] Specifically, the control center 14 includes: a data acquisition module, a data processing module, an angle-of-attack determination module, a model building module, and a motor control module; wherein,

[0071] The data acquisition module is used to preset angle-of-attack points within the blade angle-of-attack range, preset VG body chordal position points within the VG body chordal position range, collect all angle-of-attack points corresponding to each VG body chordal position point, and the corresponding lift-to-drag ratio, to form the original dataset, which is then sent to the model building module; it is also used to collect the incoming wind speed, blade rotation speed, blade pitch angle, blade element torsion angle, and blade element radial position in the blade environment of the current modified triangular vortex generator, and send them to the data processing module.

[0072] The data processing module is used to calculate the inflow angle of attack of the blade element based on the incoming wind speed, blade rotation speed, blade pitch angle, blade element torsion angle, and blade element radial position, and send the current angle of attack value to the angle of attack judgment module.

[0073] The angle of attack determination module is used to determine whether the current angle of attack is consistent with the angle of attack at the previous moment; if they are consistent, the data acquisition module is activated; if they are inconsistent, the current angle of attack is sent to the model building module.

[0074] The model building module is used to find the optimal VG body chordal position value at each angle of attack based on the original dataset and with the optimal lift-to-drag ratio as the objective function; to build an optimization model based on the angle of attack and the optimal VG body chordal position; and to input the calculated current angle of attack value into the optimization model according to the current angle of attack sent by the angle of attack judgment module, output the corresponding optimal VG body chordal position at the current angle of attack value, and send the optimal VG body chordal position to the motor control module.

[0075] The motor control module is used to control the motor with a PID algorithm according to the optimal chordal position of the VG body, drive the VG body to move along the belt guide rail, so that the VG body moves to the optimal chordal position of the VG body; wait until the next moment, and start the data acquisition module.

[0076] By controlling the chordal position of the triangular VG body on the blade element suction surface through the control center, the airflow distribution on the blade element suction surface is changed, thereby adjusting the lift coefficient and drag coefficient. Specifically, when the angle of attack is less than a preset threshold, the triangular vortex generator body is moved to the trailing edge of the suction surface slit by a motor drive. At this time, the triangular vortex generator can generate a large lift coefficient to drag coefficient ratio, which is beneficial to improving the aerodynamic performance of the blade or wing. When the angle of attack is greater than the preset threshold, the triangular vortex generator is moved to the leading edge of the suction surface slit by a motor drive to suppress flow separation on the suction surface under high angle of attack conditions, further improving aerodynamic performance. When the wind speed and angle of attack are low, and flow control does not need to be activated, the triangular vortex generator can be moved to the trailing edge of the blade element to avoid negatively impacting aerodynamic performance, thus allowing the triangular vortex generator to perform optimally under different operating conditions.

[0077] In this embodiment, each module is implemented using a processor, with additional memory added as needed for storage. The processor can be, but is not limited to, a microprocessor (MPU), a central processing unit (CPU), a network processor (NP), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), other programmable logic devices, discrete gates, transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. The memory can include random access memory (RAM) or non-volatile memory (NVM), such as at least one disk storage device. Optionally, the memory can also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor.

[0078] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved, in whole or in part, through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, it can be implemented, in whole or in part, as a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present invention are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer instructions can be transmitted from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired (e.g., coaxial cable, fiber optic, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (e.g., infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) means.

[0079] Based on the same idea, this invention also provides a position control method for a displacement-type triangular eddy current generator, such as... Figure 6 As shown, the control method includes:

[0080] Step S1: Preset angle of attack points within the blade angle of attack range, and preset VG body chordal position points within the VG body chordal position range. Collect all angle of attack points corresponding to each VG body chordal position point, as well as the corresponding lift-to-drag ratio, to form the original dataset.

[0081] In this step, the data is collected by requesting historical data from the blade control platform through the control center, or by obtaining corresponding data through experiments based on the preset angle of attack point and VG body chordal position point.

[0082] Step S2: Based on the original dataset, with the optimal lift-to-drag ratio as the objective function, find the optimal VG body chordal position value at each angle of attack; construct an optimization model based on the angle of attack and the optimal VG body chordal position.

[0083] In this step, the optimization model can be constructed by establishing an optimal chord position analytical table as the optimization model; alternatively, it can be based on the angle of attack and the optimal VG body chord position, with the angle of attack as the independent variable and the optimal VG body chord position as the dependent variable, to perform function fitting, and use the continuous function obtained after fitting as the optimization model. In this case, the optimization model is a continuous curve function based on the angle of attack and the optimal VG body chord position.

[0084] Preferably, this step may further include: expanding the basic dataset using interpolation methods to obtain a smoother and more continuous dataset, thereby improving the accuracy and precision of the optimization model. The interpolation methods include, but are not limited to, cubic spline interpolation.

[0085] Preferably, the lift-to-drag ratio is characterized by the ratio of the lift coefficient or the drag coefficient.

[0086] Step S3: Collect the incoming wind speed, blade rotation speed, blade pitch angle, blade element torsion angle, and blade element radial position in the current triangular displacement vortex generator blade environment, and calculate the blade element inflow angle of attack.

[0087] In this step, the incoming air velocity and blade rotation speed are generally obtained by air velocity and rotation speed sensors installed on the suction surface.

[0088] like Figure 7 As shown, the stress analysis of the blade yields the following process for calculating the inflow angle of attack of the blade element:

[0089] Calculate the current inflow velocity v of the leaf element according to formula (1). r :

[0090]

[0091] In equation (1), v ∞ Ω represents the incoming air velocity, a represents the blade rotation speed, a represents the axial induction factor, a′ represents the tangential induction factor, and r represents the radial position of the blade element.

[0092] Then, calculate the leaf element inflow angle of attack α according to formula (2):

[0093]

[0094] In equation (2), θ represents the sum of the blade element twist angle and the blade pitch angle.

[0095] Step S4: Determine whether the current angle of attack is consistent with the angle of attack at the previous moment; if consistent, wait until the next moment and return to step S3; if inconsistent, proceed to step S5.

[0096] In this step, the consistency judgment logic is as follows: if the difference between the current angle of attack and the angle of attack at the previous moment is greater than the ratio of the angle of attack at the previous moment to a preset threshold, then it is judged as inconsistent; otherwise, it is judged as consistent. The preset threshold is set according to the actual situation, for example, 2%.

[0097] Preferably, the current time and the previous time are set according to the actual operation of the blade. They can be set as data collection points with equal time intervals, or the corresponding time can be calculated based on the blade rotation angle with the same interval.

[0098] Step S5: Input the calculated current angle of attack value into the optimization model and output the optimal VG body chordal position corresponding to the current angle of attack value.

[0099] Step S6: Based on the optimal VG body chordal position, use the PID algorithm to control the motor and drive the VG body to move along the belt guide rail, so that the VG body moves to the optimal VG body chordal position; wait until the next moment, and return to step S3.

[0100] As described above, the displacement-type triangular vortex generator of this invention can be applied to a variety of different scenarios. Taking wind turbine blades as an example, when the vortex generator of this invention is used, the chordal position of the vortex generator can be adjusted differently at different angles of attack of the blade, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency and output power of the wind turbine.

[0101] The performance of blades equipped with the displacement-type triangular eddy current generator described in this embodiment of the invention was evaluated. The evaluation process is as follows:

[0102] The data shown in Table 1 are used:

[0103] Table 1

[0104]

[0105] With a fixed height for the triangular vortex generator, the lift and drag coefficients of the triangular vortex generator at different angles of attack are compared at the optimal chordal position and without the triangular vortex generator. Figure 8It can be seen that when a certain incoming wind speed is determined, and the angle of attack is less than 13°, the lift coefficient and drag coefficient of the non-triangular vortex generator are larger than those of the one equipped with the triangular vortex generator. This indicates that the triangular vortex generator has a negative effect on the power generation of the wind turbine blades at this time. When a certain incoming wind speed is determined, and the angle of attack is greater than 13°, the lift coefficient and drag coefficient of the displacement-type triangular vortex generator are larger than those of the non-triangular vortex generator. This indicates that the displacement-type triangular vortex generator has a positive effect on the power generation of the blades at this time.

[0106] The power generation efficiency of wind turbines is analyzed based on the working principle of eddy current generators.

[0107] Given a specific type of wind turbine with a known rotor radius of R, and using linear interpolation in data optimization, the sum of the blade element torsion angle and blade pitch angle θ, and the chord length c, are obtained for different blade element radial positions r.

[0108] Radial velocity under dynamic pressure q ∞ (The density is the density under standard atmospheric pressure) can be obtained from the following formula (3):

[0109]

[0110] In equation (3), ρ represents air density.

[0111] Furthermore, from the following equations (4) and (5):

[0112] L = q ∞ ·C l ·c (4)

[0113] D = q ∞ ·C d ·c (5)

[0114] In equations (4)-(5), L represents lift, D represents drag, and C represents drag. l C represents the lift coefficient. d represents the drag coefficient, and c represents the chord length.

[0115] The lift L and drag D can be obtained.

[0116] The formulas for calculating the torque per unit chord length (6), (7), and (8) are shown below:

[0117] T=L sin(θ+α)-D cos(θ+α) (6)

[0118] N = L cosα + D cosα (7)

[0119] T q =N sinθ + T cosθ (8)

[0120] In equations (6)-(8), T represents the tangential force component of the chord length on the leaf element, and N represents the normal force component of the chord length on the leaf element. q This represents the force components within the plane of the wind turbine along a single blade.

[0121] By analyzing T q The torque M can be obtained by integrating the radius of r, as shown in equation (9):

[0122]

[0123] In equation (9), R represents the radius of the wind turbine.

[0124] Finally, according to equation (10):

[0125] P = M·Ω (10)

[0126] The magnitude of the power P is obtained.

[0127] The tip speed ratio λ is a key parameter in wind turbine design and performance analysis. It is equal to the ratio of the linear velocity at the tip of the wind turbine blade to the wind speed. The definition shows that the wind speed and the tip speed ratio are inversely proportional. Since the wind speed and the angle of attack are positively correlated, it means that the smaller the angle of attack, the larger the tip speed ratio.

[0128] Leaf tip speed ratio:

[0129] Leaf tip linear velocity: v tip =Ω·R

[0130] Considering practical realities, this study comprehensively considered leading-edge roughness and tip speed ratio, which significantly impact the aerodynamic performance of wind turbines. It compared two scenarios with different leading-edge roughness levels (rough and smooth) and the efficiency gains under varying tip speed ratios. The conclusion is that displacement-type vortex generators have a substantial impact on efficiency improvement. For the NREL 5MW turbine, disregarding leading-edge roughness, compared to passive vortex generators, as... Figure 11 As shown, at λ=7, the power increase percentage of the displacement-type eddy current generator (5.67%) is 1.24% higher than that of the passive eddy current generator (4.43%); at λ=8, the power increase percentage of the displacement-type eddy current generator (3.24%) is 1.39% higher than that of the passive eddy current generator (1.85%), which significantly improves the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine. Meanwhile, at λ=9, the power increase percentage of the displacement-type eddy current generator is 1.40%, while that of the passive eddy current generator is -0.11%; at λ=10, the power increase percentage of the displacement-type eddy current generator is 0.13%, while that of the passive eddy current generator is -1.44%, thus compensating for the power loss caused by the passive design and improving the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine.

[0131] More importantly, when leading-edge roughness is considered, the displacement-type vortex generators all mitigate the negative impact of leading-edge roughness, reducing the sensitivity of airfoil aerodynamic characteristics to roughness. For example... Figure 12 As shown, at λ=7, the power loss without an eddy current generator is 22.29%, while the power loss with a passive eddy current generator is 10.31%. However, the power loss with a displacement-type eddy current generator is only 7.78%, significantly reducing the negative impact of leading-edge roughness. Furthermore, when λ=12, the power loss of the passive eddy current generator is even higher than that without an eddy current generator, while the displacement-type eddy current generator reduces the power loss from 17.09% of the passive eddy current generator to 13.63%, far lower than the power losses of the non-eddy current generator (16.05%) and the passive eddy current generator (17.09%), thus mitigating the negative effects of leading-edge roughness.

[0132] In summary, the displacement-type triangular vortex generator and position control method provided in this invention overcome the technical bottleneck of traditional passive vortex generators, which have fixed positions and can only increase power generation within a specific angle of attack range, and cannot adapt to varying wind conditions. This invention proposes a displacement-type active vortex generator device, which realizes intelligent sensing of wind conditions and intelligent adjustment of the vortex generator through an active control system. Based on the control mechanism and parameter sensitivity analysis of the vortex generator, an intelligent control strategy and optimization algorithm based on the active vortex generator are established. By monitoring the incoming air velocity and blade rotation speed through unit sensors, the local instantaneous inflow angle of attack of the blades is calculated, and the optimal installation position is obtained by optimizing aerodynamic performance. The power enhancement performance is evaluated. A design scheme for the displacement-type active vortex generator device is proposed. With the help of servo motor control and the mechanical principle of belt drive, an actuation algorithm for the vortex generator device is established to ensure precise real-time adjustment of the vortex generator installation position and achieve optimal dynamic control of the vortex generator for the blade aerodynamic performance.

[0133] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and an explanation of the technical principles employed, and is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A displacement-type triangular eddy current generator, characterized in that, include: Belt (15), belt guide rail (3), belt bearing (4), slider (5), support column (6), triangular eddy current generator body (7), guide rail support block (8), limiting groove (9), body connecting plate (11), motor (12); among which, The belt (15) is mounted on the belt guide rail (3), which is a rectangular strip with a motor (12) at one end and a belt bearing (4) at the other end. The motor (12) and the belt bearing (4) together form the power unit of the belt (15), which drives the belt (15) to reciprocate on the belt guide rail (3). The slider (5) is mounted on the belt (15) and moves along the upper side of the belt guide rail (3) under the drive of the belt (15). The slider (5) is concave, with a support column (6) fixed at the middle of the upper side. The top of the support column (6) is fixed with a body connecting plate (11). With the support column (6) as the center of symmetry, a triangular vortex generator body (7) is fixed at both ends of the body connecting plate (11). The vertical distance between the triangular vortex generator body (7) and the upper side of the suction surface of the current blade element is a predetermined height h. The triangular vortex generator body (7) consists of two identical triangular plates, namely the first body and the second body, which are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the body connecting plate (11). The body connecting plate (11) and the triangular vortex generator body (7) extend beyond the suction surface slit (10) of the current blade element (1). The support column (6) is parallel to the web slit and moves along the suction surface slit (10) under the drive of the slider (5) and the support column (6). On the current leaf element (1) and the web plate (2) which is fixed perpendicularly to the leaf element, there is a slit that is perpendicular to the surface of the leaf element, passes through the current leaf element (1), extends to the web plate (2) and connects to the limiting groove (9), and has a predetermined length, predetermined width and predetermined depth. The predetermined length and predetermined width correspond to the suction surface slit (10) of the current leaf element, and the predetermined width and predetermined depth correspond to the web plate slit. The width of the suction surface slit (10) is the same as the width of the web plate slit. At the bottom of the web plate slit, the slit connects to the inverted concave limiting groove (9). The protrusion on the web plate inside the groove is the guide rail support block (8). The upper part of the inverted concave limiting groove (9) has the same shape as the slider (5), so that the slider (5) can pass through the limiting groove (9). The belt guide rail (3) is set on the guide rail support block (8) at the bottom of at least two limiting grooves (9) and is evenly distributed between the guide rail support blocks (8), so that the belt guide rail (3) can stably support the movement of the slider (5).

2. The displacement-type triangular eddy current generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slider (5) is fixed to the belt (15) by welding.

3. The displacement-type triangular eddy current generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The predetermined height h is 0.5% to 1.5% of the current leaf element chord length.

4. The displacement-type triangular eddy current generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The belt guide (3) is equipped with identifiable position scales.

5. The displacement-type triangular eddy current generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The predetermined length of the slit is 45% to 55% of the current leaf element chord length, and the actual assembly range of the triangular vortex generator body (7) is 10% to 50% of the chord position.

6. The displacement-type triangular eddy current generator according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The eddy current generator also includes: a data transmission line (13) and a control center (14). The control center (14) is located on the web (2) and is connected to the motor (12) via a data transmission line (13); The control center (14) is used to calculate the optimal chordal position of the eddy current generator body based on the data, and to control the motor (12) through the data transmission line (13).

7. The displacement-type triangular eddy current generator according to claim 6, characterized in that, The control center (14) includes: a data acquisition module, a data processing module, an angle of attack determination module, a model construction module, and a motor control module; wherein, The data acquisition module is used to preset angle-of-attack points within the blade angle-of-attack range and preset chord-direction position points of the vortex generator body within the chord-direction position range of the vortex generator body. It collects all angle-of-attack points corresponding to each chord-direction position point of the vortex generator body, as well as the corresponding lift-to-drag ratio, to form the original dataset, which is then sent to the model building module. It is also used to collect the incoming wind speed, blade rotation speed, blade pitch angle, blade element torsion angle, and blade element radial position in the blade environment of the current triangular displacement vortex generator, and send them to the data processing module. The data processing module is used to calculate the inflow angle of attack of the blade element based on the incoming wind speed, blade rotation speed, blade pitch angle, blade element torsion angle, and blade element radial position, and send the current angle of attack value to the angle of attack judgment module. The angle of attack determination module is used to determine whether the current angle of attack is consistent with the angle of attack at the previous moment; if they are consistent, the data acquisition module is activated; if they are inconsistent, the current angle of attack is sent to the model building module. The model building module is used to find the optimal chordal position value of the eddy current generator body at each angle of attack based on the original dataset and with the optimal lift-to-drag ratio as the objective function; to build an optimization model based on the angle of attack and the optimal chordal position of the eddy current generator body; and to input the calculated current angle of attack value into the optimization model according to the current angle of attack sent by the angle of attack judgment module, output the corresponding optimal chordal position of the eddy current generator body at the current angle of attack value, and send the optimal chordal position of the eddy current generator body to the motor control module. The motor control module is used to control the motor with a PID algorithm according to the optimal chordal position of the eddy current generator body, drive the eddy current generator body to move along the belt guide rail, so that the eddy current generator body moves to the optimal chordal position of the eddy current generator body; wait until the next moment, and start the data acquisition module.

8. A method for position control of a displacement-type triangular eddy current generator, characterized in that, The method for controlling the displacement-type triangular eddy current generator as described in any one of claims 1-7 includes: Step S1: Preset angle of attack points within the blade angle of attack range, and preset chord position points of the vortex generator body within the chord position range of the vortex generator body. Collect all angle of attack points corresponding to each chord position point of the vortex generator body, as well as the corresponding lift-to-drag ratio, to form the original dataset. Step S2: Based on the original dataset, with the optimal lift-to-drag ratio as the objective function, find the optimal chordal position value of the vortex generator body at each angle of attack; construct an optimization model based on the angle of attack and the optimal chordal position of the vortex generator body. Step S3: Collect the incoming wind speed, blade rotation speed, blade pitch angle, blade element torsion angle, and blade element radial position of the blade environment where the current triangular displacement vortex generator is located, and calculate the blade element inflow angle of attack. Step S4: Determine whether the current angle of attack is the same as the angle of attack at the previous moment; if they are the same, wait until the next moment and return to step S3; if they are not the same, proceed to step S5. Step S5: Input the calculated current angle of attack value into the optimization model and output the optimal chordal position of the vortex generator body corresponding to the current angle of attack value; Step S6: Based on the optimal chordal position of the eddy current generator body, use a PID algorithm to control the motor and drive the eddy current generator body to move along the belt guide rail, so that the eddy current generator body moves to the optimal chordal position of the eddy current generator body; wait until the next moment, and return to step S3.

9. The position control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S2 involves constructing an optimization model based on the angle of attack and the optimal chordal position of the vortex generator body, specifically including: An optimal position analytical table is established based on the angle of attack and the optimal chordal position of the vortex generator body, which serves as the optimization model. or, Based on the angle of attack and the optimal chordal position of the vortex generator body, a function is fitted with the angle of attack as the independent variable and the optimal chordal position of the vortex generator body as the dependent variable. The continuous curve function obtained after fitting is used as the optimization model.

10. The position control method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of calculating the inflow angle of attack of leaf elements in step S3 is as follows: Calculate the current inflow velocity of the leaf element according to formula (1). : （1） In formula (1), Indicates the incoming wind speed. Indicates the blade rotation speed. Indicates the axial induction factor. Indicates the tangential induction factor. r Indicates the radial position of the leaf element; Then, calculate the inflow angle of attack of the leaf element according to formula (2). : （2） In formula (2), This represents the sum of the blade element twist angle and the blade pitch angle.

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