Concentrating solar energy driven continuous contact type gasification reaction device for carbon-containing materials
By introducing latent heat ball particles and heat exchange units into the solar energy accumulation bed reaction device, the problems of poor heat exchange and difficult to control the reaction temperature are solved, the stable control of the temperature in the reaction chamber and the continuous operation ability of the device are achieved, and the reaction efficiency and product quality are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510203820.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-06-06
AI Technical Summary
The existing solar energy accumulation bed reaction devices have problems such as poor heat exchange, difficult reaction temperature control, solar energy fluctuations affect product quality, and difficult device operation continuously.
A continuous contact gasification reaction device driven by concentrated solar energy is designed, including a thermal insulation shell and a reaction chamber. The reaction chamber is equipped with latent heat ball particles and raw material particles, and the continuous contact gasification reaction of raw materials in the reaction chamber is realized through the radiation absorption unit and the heat exchange unit.
The stable control of the temperature in the reaction chamber is achieved, the reaction efficiency and solar intermittent resistance are improved, the stability of product quality is ensured, and the device can operate continuously.
Smart Images
Figure CN120098679A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of new energy utilization, and in particular to a continuous contact gasification reaction device for carbon-containing materials driven by concentrated solar energy. Background Art
[0002] With economic development and population expansion, energy consumption is increasing, and the world energy situation is grim. At the same time, environmental pollution caused by the combustion of traditional energy such as coal has become a global problem affecting the survival and development of human beings. The popularization and utilization of new energy, the high-value treatment of traditional fuels, and the clean and efficient recycling of organic solid waste are imperative.
[0003] Concentrated solar energy gasification of biomass, traditional fuels (coal), and organic solid waste is a form of efficient coupling of new energy and other energy sources. It can stably store solar energy in the form of chemical energy and improve the energy density and economic value of biomass, traditional fuels, and organic solid waste. However, the instantaneous fluctuation of solar thermal sources can lead to instability in the thermochemical conversion process and uneven distribution of products. On the other hand, concentrated solar thermal sources have the characteristics of local high energy flux density and unidirectional input, which can easily cause local high temperature hazards to the safety of the device and aggravate the temperature gradient phenomenon during the reaction process.
[0004] The stacked bed device is a commonly used solar thermochemical conversion device. This device has the advantages of simple structure, strong adaptability to raw materials, and safety and reliability. However, the existing solar stacked bed reaction device has problems such as large bed thermal resistance (poor heat exchange) during the solar gasification process, the internal temperature of the reaction device is difficult to effectively control within the optimal reaction range, and the device has insufficient resistance to intermittent solar energy and difficulty in continuous operation. Summary of the invention
[0005] Purpose of the invention: In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies, the present invention provides a continuous contact gasification reaction device for carbon-containing materials driven by concentrated solar energy, so as to solve the technical problems in the prior art such as poor heat exchange of stacked bed reaction devices, difficulty in controlling reaction temperature, influence of solar energy fluctuation on product quality and difficulty in continuous operation of the device.
[0006] Technical solution: To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a continuous contact gasification reaction device for carbon-containing materials driven by concentrated solar energy, comprising an insulating shell and a reaction chamber arranged in the insulating shell, the top of the reaction chamber is provided with a solar energy concentrating unit and a radiation absorption unit distributed up and down, the reaction chamber is provided with a contact reaction unit, the contact reaction unit comprises latent heat ball particles accumulated at the bottom of the reaction chamber and raw material particles distributed above the latent heat ball particles, a gasification agent nozzle is also provided at the bottom of the reaction chamber, the radiation absorption unit realizes heat exchange with the latent heat ball particles through a heat exchange unit arranged around the reaction chamber, thereby realizing continuous contact gasification reaction of the raw material particles in the reaction chamber.
[0007] Specifically, the radiation absorption unit includes a heat-conducting skeleton, a phase-change heat storage layer and a radiation plate which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom.
[0008] Preferably, the phase-change heat storage layer adopts an anisotropic composite phase-change material, and the ratio of its horizontal thermal conductivity to its vertical thermal conductivity is greater than 1.5.
[0009] Preferably, the thermally conductive skeleton is made of porous graphite with a porosity of 0.96 to 0.99, and the phase-change heat storage layer is made of a porous graphite composite phase-change material with a porosity of 0.85 to 0.9.
[0010] Specifically, the heat exchange unit includes a high-temperature heat pipe distributed around the reaction chamber and a heat conducting plate arranged at the bottom of the reaction chamber. The heat absorbed by the radiation absorption unit is transferred to the bottom of the reaction chamber through the high-temperature heat pipe, and then transferred to the bottom center of the reaction chamber through the heat conducting plate.
[0011] Preferably, the latent heat ball particles are filled with porous graphite composite phase change material, wherein the porosity of the porous graphite is 0.6 to 0.8.
[0012] Specifically, the solar energy concentrating unit comprises solar energy incident windows and concentrating lenses which are distributed vertically, and the radiation absorbing unit is arranged in a vacuum cavity at the bottom of the solar energy concentrating unit.
[0013] Specifically, the heat-insulating shell includes an outer shell and an inner heat-insulating layer, and the outer shell is a detachable structure.
[0014] Specifically, a feed port and an air outlet are provided on the side wall of the reaction chamber, and a screw feeder is provided in the feed port, thereby realizing the feeding of raw material particles.
[0015] Preferably, a purge air port is provided at the outlet of the feed port, so that the screw feeder can convey the raw material particles, and then the raw material particles at the purge air port are purged into the reaction chamber by high-speed periodic pulse purge gas.
[0016] Beneficial effects: Traditional solar stacking beds use absorption plates to directly project infrared radiation onto the bed surface. The only forms of heat transfer are conduction and radiation. There are technical problems such as poor heat exchange, difficult to control reaction temperature, solar energy fluctuations affecting product quality, and difficulty in continuous operation of the device.
[0017] Although part of the heat in the present invention follows the traditional absorption plate radiation heating design, it is not the main body driving the gasification reaction, but preheating the raw materials that have just entered the reaction chamber, and it can also speed up the heat transfer of the radiation absorption unit. The real heating body in the present invention is the latent heat ball particles at the bottom of the raw material. Most of the heat absorbed by the radiation absorption unit is exchanged with the latent heat ball particles through the heat exchange unit, thereby stabilizing the temperature in the reaction chamber to the ideal reaction temperature range. After the raw materials contact and gasify with the latent heat ball particles, the raw materials above are continuously moved downward by gravity, thereby effectively preventing heat accumulation in the raw materials in the form of mass transfer, thereby causing local overheating, greatly reducing the heat dissipation problem of the light hole, and greatly improving the reaction efficiency of the device and the intermittent resistance to solar energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a continuous contact gasification reaction device in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view of the AA section;
[0020] Figure 3 is a graph showing the change of the contact gasification reaction surface temperature and the average melting rate of the phase change material over time in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0021] Figure 4 is a curve of the synthesis gas generation rate changing with time under the same conditions in Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 of the present invention;
[0022] The figure includes: 1. external shell, 2. thermal insulation layer, 3. reaction chamber, 4. latent heat ball particles, 5. raw material particles, 6. incident window, 7. CPC lens, 8. sealing top plate, 9. vacuum chamber, 10. thermal conductive skeleton, 11. phase change heat storage layer, 12. radiation plate, 13. high-temperature heat pipe, 14. thermal conductive plate, 15. gasification agent nozzle, 16. feed port, 17. air outlet, 18. screw feeder, 19. purge air port, 20. flange bolt structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.
[0024] Reference Figure 1 , Figure 2The present invention provides a continuous contact gasification reaction device for carbon-containing materials driven by concentrated solar energy, comprising a heat-insulating shell and a reaction chamber 3 arranged in the heat-insulating shell, wherein the top of the reaction chamber 3 is provided with a solar energy concentrating unit and a radiation absorption unit distributed up and down, and a continuous contact reaction unit is provided in the reaction chamber 3, the contact reaction unit comprises latent heat ball particles 4 accumulated at the bottom of the reaction chamber 3 and raw material particles 5 distributed above the latent heat ball particles 4, and a gasification agent nozzle 15 is also provided at the bottom of the reaction chamber 3, and the radiation absorption unit realizes heat exchange with the latent heat ball particles 4 through a heat exchange unit arranged around the reaction chamber 3, thereby realizing a continuous contact gasification reaction of the raw material particles 5 in the reaction chamber 3.
[0025] Specifically, the radiation absorption unit includes a low-porosity thermally conductive skeleton 10, a phase-change heat storage layer 11 and a radiation plate 12, which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom, wherein the phase-change heat storage layer 11 adopts an anisotropic composite phase-change material, and the ratio of its horizontal thermal conductivity to its vertical thermal conductivity is greater than 1.5. The low-porosity skeleton is used to accelerate radiation absorption, and the anisotropic composite phase-change material is used to distribute the ratio of infrared radiation emitted downward to heat transferred to the surrounding heat pipes. Based on the light transmission requirement, the thermally conductive skeleton 10 preferably adopts porous graphite with a porosity of 0.96 to 0.99; based on the requirement of rapid heat conduction, the phase-change heat storage layer 11 preferably adopts a porous graphite composite phase-change material with a porosity of 0.85 to 0.9; the composite phase-change material is preferably NaF, whose melting point (1268.2K) matches the temperature of the radiation absorption unit and can fully store latent heat and can fully resist radiation intermittent.
[0026] Specifically, the latent heat ball particles 4 are also encapsulated with a porous graphite composite phase change material. Based on the requirement of uniform gasification reaction, the porosity of the porous graphite is preferably 0.6 to 0.8, and the composite phase change material is preferably Na 2 CO 3 Its melting point (1131.15K) is close to the temperature range of conventional gasification reactions, ensuring uniform gasification reactions while controlling the reaction temperature within the range of Na 2 CO 3 Nearby.
[0027] Specifically, the heat exchange unit includes a high-temperature heat pipe 13 closely distributed around the reaction chamber 3 and a heat conducting plate 14 arranged at the bottom of the reaction chamber 3. The heat is mainly transferred to the bottom of the stacked bed through the high-temperature heat pipe 13, and then transferred to the bottom center of the reaction chamber through the heat conducting plate 14; the raw materials consumed by the contact surface reaction are replenished by the raw materials on the upper layer of the stacked bed driven by gravity, and this form of mass transfer is used to accelerate the heat transfer inside the bed layer and realize continuous reaction at the same time. The high-temperature heat pipe 13 here preferably uses Na as the working fluid, and Al 2 O 3 Ceramic as packaging material.
[0028] Specifically, the solar concentrating unit includes a solar incident window 6 and a CPC lens 7 distributed up and down. The solar concentrating unit is mounted on the top of the thermal insulation shell through a sealed top plate 8, and the radiation absorption unit is arranged in a vacuum cavity 9 at the bottom of the solar concentrating unit, thereby ensuring uniform projection of solar energy.
[0029] Specifically, the heat-insulating shell includes an outer shell 1 and an inner heat-insulating layer 2 , wherein the outer shell 1 is a tank structure that can be disassembled up and down, wherein the upper tank is connected and fixed to the bottom base by a flange bolt structure 20 .
[0030] Furthermore, a feed port 16 and an air outlet 17 are provided on the side wall of the reaction chamber 3, a screw feeder 18 is provided in the feed port 16, and a purge air port 19 is provided at the outlet of the feed port 16 for the screw feeder to transport the raw material particles 5, and then the raw material particles 5 at the purge air port 19 are purged into the reaction chamber 3 by high-speed periodic pulse purge gas.
[0031] The specific implementation methods of the present invention are as follows:
[0032] Raw materials such as coal, biomass, and organic solid waste continuously enter the reaction chamber 3 through the screw feeder 18, and are evenly accumulated and stored in the reaction chamber 3 after periodic pulse purging. Concentrated solar energy enters from the incident window 6 on the top of the shell, and is evenly projected onto the radiation absorption unit in the vacuum chamber 9 after being scattered by the CPC lens 7, wherein part of the solar radiation is absorbed by the low-porosity heat-conducting skeleton 10 on the upper layer, and the remaining solar radiation penetrates the heat-conducting skeleton 10 and enters the anisotropic composite phase change material. The solar radiation absorbed by the heat-conducting skeleton 10 and the anisotropic composite phase change material is converted into thermal energy, part of which is stored in the phase change heat storage layer 11 in the form of latent heat, which is used to preliminarily buffer the fluctuation of solar radiation, and the other part is projected onto the surface of the raw materials in the reaction chamber 3 in the form of infrared radiation through the radiation plate 12, and the remaining most of the heat energy flows into the heat exchange unit.
[0033] The contact reaction unit and the radiation absorption unit are connected by a high-temperature heat pipe 13. After the heat enters the contact reaction unit, it is transferred to the center of the reaction chamber 3 by the heat conduction plate 14. A composite phase change material encapsulated in the form of spherical particles is deposited above the heat conduction plate 14. The heat is transferred to the raw material above through the spherical particle composite phase change material, and the temperature is stabilized to the ideal reaction temperature range by the melting point of the composite phase change material. The bottom layer of raw materials deposited in the reaction chamber 3 is directly in contact with the latent heat spherical particles 4 and the heat conduction plate 14 for heating, and reacts with the gasification agent sprayed from the nozzle at the bottom of the heat conduction plate 14. After the bottom layer of raw materials is consumed, the upper layer of raw materials descends and continues to contact and heat with the latent heat spherical particles 4 and the heat conduction plate 14 to achieve rapid reaction. The gaseous products generated by the raw material reaction are discharged from the reactor through the gas outlet 17. After the trace residues remaining after the raw material reaction accumulate to a certain extent, the external shell 1 can be opened and the bottom insulation layer 2 and the heat conduction plate 14 can be disassembled for cleaning.
[0034] Embodiment 1:
[0035] The raw material used in this embodiment is biomass coke, with a thermal conductivity of 0.105 and a bulk density of 530 kg / m3. The gasifying agent is excess water vapor at 120°C. The material used for the thermal insulation layer is Al 2 O 3 , thickness is 30cm, and the outer shell is 304 stainless steel. The radiation energy density received by the radiation absorption unit is 120kW / m 2 , with a diameter of 1m. The packaging material of the phase change heat storage layer and the bottom radiation plate are SiC. The thickness of the thermal conductive skeleton is 4cm, the porosity is 0.98, the thickness of the phase change heat storage layer is 6cm, the composite skeleton porosity is 0.85, and the average temperature of the unit during stable operation is about 1350K. The depth of the reaction chamber is 50cm, the thickness of the latent heat ball particles is 4cm, the skeleton porosity in the particles is 0.7, the particle packaging material is SiC, the thermal conductive plate is solid graphite, the thickness is 2cm, and the thermal conductivity is 178W / mK. The gasification reaction temperature of the contact surface between the raw material and the latent heat ball particles is about 1100K.
[0036] Figure 3 The surface temperature of the contact gasification reaction and the average melting rate of the phase change material in the latent heat ball particles change with time. The solar energy input is completely terminated from the 10800th second (the radiation energy density is 0kW / m 2 ), lasting 20 minutes. As can be seen from the figure, the surface temperature of the contact gasification reaction (solid line) dropped to the gasification reaction temperature threshold (1073K) around 11400s, and the gasification reaction heat supply was maintained for a total of 10 minutes under extreme conditions; at the beginning of the intermittent, the average melting rate of the phase change material in the latent heat ball particles (dotted line) was about 0.48, and the melting rate dropped to 0 after the latent heat was completely released at 11450s. After the solar energy input restored the rated power at 12000s, the average melting rate of the phase change material recovered to 0.48 at 13600s, and the anti-intermittent ability recovery time was 1600s, and the ratio of the anti-intermittent time to 600s was 8:3.
[0037] Comparative Example 1:
[0038] Compared with Example 1, the other reaction conditions of Comparative Example 1 are the same, except that: Comparative Example 1 uses a common reaction chamber without latent heat storage and high-temperature heat pipe in the prior art. Due to the lack of latent heat storage, it is impossible to resist the instantaneous intermittent solar energy, and it is also impossible to control the reaction temperature by utilizing the constant phase change temperature. Due to the lack of high-temperature heat pipes, the heat transfer inside the reaction chamber is mainly by heat conduction and radiation, and it is impossible to use gravity to drive the raw materials to move to the heated surface for rapid heat exchange.
[0039] Figure 4The curve of the syngas generation rate over time of Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 under the same conditions shows that, under the same conditions, compared with Comparative Example 1 (dashed line), the syngas production rate (solid line) of Example 1 during the daytime gasification process is significantly improved, and its peak rate is close to 1.9 times the syngas production rate of the conventional gasification reaction device in the prior art. Under the same time and solar energy input, Example 1 can convert more heat into chemical energy of syngas, indicating that Example 1 effectively strengthens the heat exchange inside the reaction device and improves the solar energy-chemical energy conversion efficiency of the gasification process.
[0040] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art who is familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A continuous contact gasification reaction device for carbonaceous materials driven by concentrated solar energy, characterized in that: It includes a heat-insulating shell and a reaction chamber arranged in the heat-insulating shell, the top of the reaction chamber is provided with a solar energy concentrating unit and a radiation absorption unit distributed up and down, the reaction chamber is provided with a contact reaction unit, the contact reaction unit includes latent heat ball particles accumulated at the bottom of the reaction chamber and raw material particles distributed above the latent heat ball particles, and a gasification agent nozzle is also provided at the bottom of the reaction chamber, the radiation absorption unit realizes heat exchange with the latent heat ball particles through a heat exchange unit arranged around the reaction chamber, thereby realizing a continuous contact gasification reaction of the raw material particles in the reaction chamber.
2. The continuous contact gasification reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation absorption unit comprises a heat-conducting skeleton, a phase-change heat storage layer and a radiation plate which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom.
3. The continuous contact gasification reaction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The phase-change heat storage layer adopts anisotropic composite phase-change material, and the ratio of its horizontal thermal conductivity to its vertical thermal conductivity is greater than 1.
5.
4. The continuous contact gasification reaction device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The heat-conducting skeleton is made of porous graphite with a porosity of 0.96 to 0.99, and the phase-change heat storage layer is made of a porous graphite composite phase-change material with a porosity of 0.85 to 0.
9.
5. The continuous contact gasification reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat exchange unit includes a high-temperature heat pipe distributed around the reaction chamber and a heat conducting plate arranged at the bottom of the reaction chamber. The heat absorbed by the radiation absorption unit is transferred to the bottom of the reaction chamber through the high-temperature heat pipe, and then transferred to the bottom center of the reaction chamber through the heat conducting plate.
6. The continuous contact gasification reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The latent heat ball particles are filled with porous graphite composite phase change material, wherein the porosity of the porous graphite is 0.6-0.
8.
7. The continuous contact gasification reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solar energy concentrating unit comprises solar energy incident windows and concentrating lenses which are distributed vertically, and the radiation absorbing unit is arranged in a vacuum cavity at the bottom of the solar energy concentrating unit.
8. The continuous contact gasification reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat-insulating shell comprises an outer shell and an inner heat-insulating layer, and the outer shell is a detachable structure.
9. The continuous contact gasification reaction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A feed port and an air outlet are provided on the side wall of the reaction chamber, and a screw feeder is provided in the feed port, thereby realizing the feeding of raw material particles.
10. The continuous contact gasification reaction device according to claim 9, characterized in that: A purge air port is provided at the outlet of the feed port for the screw feeder to convey the raw material particles, and then the raw material particles at the purge air port are purged into the reaction chamber by high-speed periodic pulse purge air.