Low-clearance ergonomic multidirectional energy consumption type vibration reduction and isolation device

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-clearance ergonomic multidirectional energy dissipation type vibration reduction and isolation device, the device dissipates vibration energy of an input structure by using a damper so as to reduce the vibration response of the structure, a triangular arm is arranged in the device, and the inclination angle of the triangular arm is 20 degrees so as to meet the requirement of low clearance; according to the triangular arm, vibration reduction characteristics of human body trunk bones, muscles and the like are used for reference, vibration is effectively decomposed into horizontal vibration and vertical vibration, the horizontal vibration consumes energy through the viscous damper, the spring, the rubber flat plate support and the like, and therefore the purpose of vibration reduction is achieved; vertical vibration is transmitted to the rubber flat plate support through the triangular arm for vibration reduction and isolation, and vibration energy is transmitted to the outside. And the spring and the viscous damper in the device are arranged in parallel, so that the vibration reduction effect and the damping effect of the device are far better than those of a series connection mode generally adopted in the industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention is used in the field of vibration and noise control of rail transit, and is specifically a low-headroom, ergonomic, energy-consuming vibration reduction and isolation device that reduces and isolates vibration by converting the vibration direction. Background Art

[0002] Rail transit refers to a type of transportation tool or transportation system in which vehicles need to travel on specific tracks, including subways, light rails, railway systems, etc. However, in the actual operation of vehicles, different degrees of vibration and noise will be generated, among which vertical vibration has the greatest damage effect on the railway system and poses the greatest threat.

[0003] Most of the existing vibration reduction measures in rail transit use the theory of mass-spring system to convert vibration energy into vibration of track plates, sleepers, ballasts, etc., so as to achieve the purpose of vibration reduction. This principle can be described as "breaking a big stone on the chest". The bigger the "stone" used for vibration reduction (that is, the higher the mass of the vibration reference), the more significant the vibration reduction effect will be. This practice will cause the structural components used in the rail transit field to rely on increasing size and mass to reduce vibration, which is "bulky and heavy", resulting in uneconomical engineering, poor appearance, and even poor vibration reduction effect.

[0004] The vibration reduction theory of the mass-spring system can be described by an energy formula: E in =E m,k +E c (1) (1) In the formula, E in is the total energy input into the structure by vibration; E m,k is the sum of the kinetic energy and elastic potential energy of the structure; E c is the self-damping energy dissipation of the structure.

[0005] In the existing rail transit vibration reduction practices, these mainstream products, whether it is steel spring floating plate, vibration damping pad floating plate, or fastener vibration reduction, all use the mass-spring system to reduce vibration, that is, mainly through E m,k The vibration of the "mass" (track plate or sleeper and spring) is used to reduce vibration. Although the system contains a certain amount of damping material, its damping ratio is about 0.03~0.05, that is, its vibration reduction effect E c It is about 5%, and its role in the entire vibration reduction system is very limited. 95% still depends on the kinetic energy and vibration of the structural mass and spring deformation for vibration reduction.

[0006] In view of this, the study sets up a damping energy-dissipating vibration isolation device, and by increasing damping and effective non-transmission boundary vibration isolation measures, the effect of reducing the size and lightness of the track structure is achieved, and the vibration reduction effect is further increased to attenuate the structural vibration and avoid the technical difficulty and economic cost increased by increasing the structural vibration mass. Therefore, it is more reasonable technically and economically. By adding an energy-dissipating vibration reduction system, the energy-dissipating part can reach a vibration reduction effect ratio of 30-40%, thereby significantly increasing the vibration reduction effect of the entire system, and the vibration reduction effect is very significant.

[0007] In addition, considering the special requirements for low clearance in rail transit, it is also necessary to change direction while reducing vibration and energy so that it can be installed in the predetermined space.

[0008] Based on this, an in-depth study has been conducted on energy-absorbing vibration reduction devices in the hope of designing a new energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device that can solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0009] In order to overcome the above problems, a low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device is designed. The device uses a damper to dissipate the vibration energy of the input structure, thereby reducing the vibration response of the structure. A triangular arm is arranged in the device, and its inclination angle is 15~25°, so as to meet the low headroom requirement; the triangular arm draws on the vibration reduction characteristics of the human body's trunk bones, muscles, etc., and effectively decomposes the vibration into two sub-vibrations, horizontal and vertical. The horizontal vibration consumes energy through a viscous damper, a spring, a rubber plate support, etc., so as to achieve the purpose of vibration reduction, and the vertical vibration is transmitted to the rubber plate support through the triangular arm for vibration reduction and isolation, and the vibration energy is transmitted to the outside world; and the spring and the viscous damper in the device are arranged in parallel, and its vibration reduction effect and damping effect are much greater than the series method commonly used in the industry, thereby completing the present invention.

[0010] Specifically, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-dissipating vibration reduction and isolation device, which is arranged under a trapezoidal sleeper or a track plate to buffer and consume the vibration on the trapezoidal sleeper or the track plate; The vibration reduction and isolation device comprises a top plate 1 and a base 2, between which a support rod 3 and a viscous damper 4 are arranged; The support rod 3 is tilted to decompose the vibration on the trapezoidal sleeper into horizontal vibration and vertical vibration; The viscous damper 4 is used to convert vibration into heat and dissipate it.

[0011] Wherein, the base 2 includes a plurality of rubber flat plate supports which are independent of each other; The rubber flat plate support is formed by alternately stacking multiple layers of rubber and multiple layers of steel plates.

[0012] The top end of the support rod 3 is hinged to the top plate 1. The bottom end of the support rod 3 is hinged to the base 2, and each rubber plate support is hinged with a support rod 3.

[0013] Among them, two support rods 3 form a group to form a triangular arm; In the triangular arm, the top ends of the two support rods 3 are hinged to the same hinge seat of the top plate 1, and the inclination directions of the two support rods 3 are opposite; The bottom ends of the two support rods 3 are hinged to the two bases 2, and the two bases 2 are divided into a front base and a rear base according to the arrangement orientation.

[0014] Wherein, the top of the vertically arranged rubber flat plate support has horizontal freedom; When the top plate 1 is subjected to force and vibrates, the inclination angles of the two support rods 3 in the triangular arm fluctuate accordingly, so that the hinge seat on the front base and the hinge seat on the rear base move closer to or farther from each other.

[0015] Among them, a front rotating shaft 5 is connected between the front bases of the two triangular arms, and a rear rotating shaft 6 is connected between the rear bases of the two triangular arms; The viscous damper 4 is connected between the front shaft 5 and the rear shaft 6 .

[0016] Wherein, one end of the viscous damper 4 is hinged to the front shaft 5, and the other end is hinged to the rear shaft 6; A spring 7 is sleeved on the outside of the viscous damper 4 , and the spring 7 limits the length change of the viscous damper 4 and promotes the length of the viscous damper 4 to restore after the length of the viscous damper 4 changes.

[0017] The angle between the support rod 3 and the horizontal direction is 15-25°.

[0018] The top plate 1 is fixedly installed under the trapezoidal sleeper or the track plate, the base 2 is pre-buried and installed on the ballast bed, and the height of the gap between the trapezoidal sleeper or the track plate and the ballast bed is less than 200 mm.

[0019] The viscous damper 4 is tilted and used as a support rod, so that the top end of the viscous damper 4 is hinged to the top plate 1, and the bottom end of the viscous damper 4 is hinged to the base 2; At least four viscous dampers 4 are provided in the vibration reduction and isolation device, and the inclination directions thereof are different; A spring 7 is sleeved outside the viscous damper 4, or a spring 7 is arranged between the top plate 1 and the base 2, so that the spring 7 limits the length change of the viscous damper 4 and restores the length of the viscous damper 4 after the length change.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention include: (1) The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration isolation device provided by the present invention can change the vibration reduction direction to achieve the low-headroom goal; specifically, the vertical vibration is decomposed into a horizontal component and a vertical component through a triangular arm, and the horizontal component is consumed by a spring-damper to achieve synchronous suppression of horizontal and vertical vibrations, breaking through the limitation of single-direction control of traditional vibration isolation devices and achieving the low-headroom goal; (2) The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device provided by the present invention can provide a variety of vibration reduction methods, and mainly uses energy-absorbing vibration reduction to greatly improve the vibration reduction effect; wherein, the horizontal vibration energy is converted into heat energy dissipation through the viscous damper, and the spring stores deformation potential energy; the vertical vibration is elastically transmitted through the rubber vibration isolation support, blocking the horizontal vibration transmission, forming a "energy absorption + vibration isolation" dual mechanism; (3) The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device provided by the present invention is provided with a viscous damper, which can quickly respond to high-frequency vibrations, with a damping ratio of up to 20-30%, significantly improving the efficiency of converting vibration energy into heat energy; the device is also provided with a high-rigidity spring in parallel with the damper, which can not only buffer the impact load, but also release potential energy through reciprocating motion, thereby extending the energy dissipation time of the system; (4) The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration isolation device provided by the present invention has a reliable structure and strong durability. By setting a top plate made of steel plate, it provides high-strength support and excellent anti-fatigue performance. A rubber flat plate support containing natural rubber is set as the base, which has outstanding aging resistance and shear deformation resistance and long service life. In addition, the device can adopt a modular design, the device size is compact (400×400×200mm), and it can be pre-buried and installed, which is convenient for standardized production and rapid construction and placement. (5) The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device provided by the present invention is suitable for rail transit projects: suppressing the vibration caused by rail vehicles and reducing the vibration pollution of the surrounding environment caused by the operation of rail vehicles; reducing the long-term maintenance cost and extending the life of buildings or equipment by reducing structural vibration damage; (6) The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration isolation device provided by the present invention has parameters that can be flexibly set, and key parameters such as the spring stiffness (3-5 KN / mm) and the horizontal stiffness of the rubber plate support (0.2-0.5 KN / mm) are adjustable to meet the requirements of load frequencies of different rail transit sections; the parallel layout of the damper and the spring (diameter 35mm / 45mm) takes into account both space utilization and performance adaptation, and can be optimized for specific scenarios; (7) The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration isolation device provided by the present invention is environmentally friendly. The rubber plate support and steel materials can be recycled, which conforms to the concept of green building. It reduces noise pollution by reducing vibration transmission and improves the living and traffic environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the structure of the low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device provided by the present invention when it is installed under a trapezoidal sleeper; Figure 2 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of a low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-dissipating vibration reduction and isolation device provided by the present invention is shown; Figure 3 An exploded schematic diagram showing a low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy dissipation type vibration reduction and isolation device provided by the present invention; Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram showing a rubber plate support installed in a low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-dissipating vibration reduction and isolation device provided by the present invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing another structural form of the low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy dissipation type vibration reduction and isolation device provided by the present invention; Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing another structural form of the low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device provided by the present invention.

[0022] Reference numerals 1-top plate, 2-base, 21-upper steel plate, 22-lower steel plate, 3-support rod, 4-viscous damper, 41-steel housing, 42-front connecting rod, 43-rear connecting rod, 44-front baffle, 45-rear baffle, 5-front pivot shaft, 6-rear pivot shaft, 7-spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Through these descriptions, the characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become more clear and distinct.

[0024] The word "exemplary" is used exclusively herein to mean "serving as an example, embodiment, or illustration." Any embodiment described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise noted.

[0025] The present invention provides a low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-dissipating vibration reduction and isolation device, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown in , the vibration reduction and isolation device is arranged under the trapezoidal sleeper or the track plate to buffer and consume the vibration on the trapezoidal sleeper or the track plate; The vibration reduction and isolation device comprises a top plate 1 and a base 2, between which a support rod 3 and a viscous damper 4 are arranged; The support rod 3 is tilted to decompose the vibration on the trapezoidal sleeper into horizontal vibration and vertical vibration; The viscous damper 4 is used to convert vibration into heat and dissipate it.

[0026] Preferably, the top plate 1 is made of Q235 steel plate with a thickness of 20 mm, which can be embedded in the trapezoidal sleeper or track plate. The top plate 1 can be set to a size of 400×400 mm, with four sides bent to form a 200 mm high side wall, and the whole is box-shaped, and the weld is polished after welding; Preferably, if Figure 2 As shown in the figure, two steel shafts are symmetrically welded on the bottom surface of the top plate 1. The diameter of the steel shaft is 30 mm and the length is 80 mm. The axes of the steel shafts are parallel, and the spacing is designed according to the installation requirements of the triangular arm, and is more preferably about 300 mm.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment, the base 2 includes a plurality of rubber flat plate supports which are independent of each other; The rubber flat plate support is formed by alternately stacking multiple layers of rubber and multiple layers of steel plates.

[0028] Preferably, the rubber flat plate support comprises 20 layers of alternately stacked 3mm thick natural rubber sheets and 1.5mm thick Q235 steel plates, wherein the uppermost layer structure and the lowermost layer structure are both steel plates, namely, an upper steel plate 21 and a lower steel plate 22, and the cross-sectional dimensions of the upper steel plate and the lower steel plate are larger than those of other layer structures; preferably, the total height of the rubber flat plate support is 40mm; the rubber flat plate support is cured and formed under high temperature and pressure in a vulcanizer, preferably at 150°C and 10MPa, so that the rubber and the steel plate are tightly combined; an anti-aging coating is coated on the surface of the rubber flat plate support, and a stainless steel protective layer is coated on the edge; After the rubber plate bearing is processed, it needs to undergo performance testing, that is, testing the horizontal equivalent stiffness and damping ratio to ensure that the horizontal equivalent stiffness reaches 0.2-0.5KN / mm and the damping ratio reaches 20~30%, and unqualified products are eliminated.

[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the top end of the support rod 3 is hinged to the top plate 1. The bottom end of the support rod 3 is hinged to the base 2, and each rubber plate support is hinged with a support rod 3.

[0030] Preferably, two support rods 3 form a group to form a triangular arm; In the triangular arm, the top ends of the two support rods 3 are hinged to the same hinge seat of the top plate 1, and the inclination directions of the two support rods 3 are opposite; The bottom ends of the two support rods 3 are hinged to the two bases 2, and the two bases 2 are divided into a front base and a rear base according to the arrangement orientation.

[0031] Preferably, the support rod 3 is made of a 20×20 mm square steel bar with a length of 250 mm. Both ends are processed with shaft connecting holes, the hole diameter matches the shaft, and the tolerance is ±0.1 mm.

[0032] In a preferred embodiment, the top of the vertically arranged rubber plate support has horizontal freedom; When the top plate 1 is subjected to force and vibrates, the inclination angles of the two support rods 3 in the triangular arm fluctuate accordingly, so that the hinge seat on the front base and the hinge seat on the rear base move closer to or farther from each other.

[0033] A front rotating shaft 5 is connected between the front bases of the two triangular arms, and a rear rotating shaft 6 is connected between the rear bases of the two triangular arms; The viscous damper 4 is connected between the front shaft 5 and the rear shaft 6 .

[0034] Preferably, the viscous damper 4 is a Maxwell type viscous damper such as Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the steel shell 41 of the viscous damper has a diameter of 35 mm, is filled with high-viscosity silicon-based damping fluid, and is also provided with a piston rod with a stroke of ±50 mm; a front connecting rod 42 and a rear connecting rod 43 are provided on the outside, the front connecting rod 42 is connected to the steel shell 41, and the rear connecting rod 43 is connected to the piston rod. The total length of the viscous damper including the connecting rod is 200 mm.

[0035] Preferably, a front baffle 44 capable of moving together with the front link 42 is provided on the front link 42 , and a rear baffle 45 capable of moving together with the rear link 43 is provided on the rear link 43 .

[0036] Preferably, the damping characteristics of the viscous damper are related to the loading frequency, so it is usually called a velocity-dependent damper. A viscous fluid damper is generally composed of a cylinder filled with a high-viscosity fluid and a moving piston. When the piston reciprocates in the cylinder, it forces the high-viscosity fluid to flow from one end of the piston to the other end, thereby dissipating the energy of structural vibration and performing structural energy dissipation and vibration reduction. The energy dissipation part can increase the vibration reduction effect by 30~50%, and the vibration reduction effect is very significant.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, one end of the viscous damper 4 is hinged to the front shaft 5, and the other end is hinged to the rear shaft 6; A spring 7 is sleeved on the outside of the viscous damper 4 to limit the length change of the viscous damper 4 and restore the length of the viscous damper 4 after the length change. The spring 7 can store elastic potential energy and also has a vibration reduction effect.

[0038] Preferably, the spring 7 is a helical compression spring with an outer diameter of 45 mm and a stiffness of 3-5 KN / mm, and is sleeved outside the damper. The spring and the damper are coaxially installed, and both ends are fixed with locking nuts to ensure that the two move synchronously in the horizontal direction.

[0039] Preferably, the spring is arranged between the front baffle 44 and the rear baffle 45; and one end of the spring 7 is fixed to the front baffle 44, and the other end of the spring 7 is fixed to the rear baffle 45. Such an arrangement makes the spring 7 and the viscous damper 4 connected in parallel with each other, and its vibration reduction effect is far greater than the series connection method commonly used in the industry.

[0040] Specifically, most vibration reduction and isolation devices currently connect springs and viscous dampers in series, that is, the springs and viscous dampers are installed in different parts of the device, rather than putting the springs outside the viscous damper (in parallel). However, according to theoretical analysis: in the case of parallel connection, the displacement of the spring and damper is the same, and the force is the sum of the two; while in series connection, the force of the two is the same, and the displacement is added. This may mean that the stiffness and damping of the system work at the same time in parallel, while in series connection, they may affect the system response independently.

[0041] For a single degree of freedom system, assume that the mass is connected by a spring and a damper. If it is connected in series, the equivalent stiffness and damping coefficients of the combination may need to be re-analyzed. For example, the equivalent stiffness after series connection may be lower, and the equivalent damping may also be different, but how to calculate it specifically requires more detailed analysis. When connected in parallel, the damper will produce a larger damping force at the same displacement, thereby dissipating more energy. When connected in series, the displacement of the damper may be smaller, resulting in less energy consumption. Therefore, the damping effect of parallel connection is more significant.

[0042] When the spring and damper are connected in parallel, the damping ratio of the system increases, resulting in a lower resonance peak, a wider frequency band, and a better vibration reduction effect. In the case of series connection, the stiffness of the system may decrease, resulting in a decrease in the natural frequency, but the damping ratio may not be as high as in parallel, so the vibration reduction effect in the high-frequency area may not be as good as in parallel.

[0043] In addition, the transmissibility of the two configurations needs to be considered. For example, in a vibration isolation system, parallel springs and dampers can provide better damping near the resonant frequency and reduce the transmissibility peak, while series cannot effectively suppress resonance. In the parallel case, the equivalent damping coefficient is c, and the stiffness is k. In the series case, the equivalent stiffness and damping need to be calculated according to the series formula, and the equivalent damping coefficient will be smaller, resulting in a lower damping ratio, and therefore a weakened vibration reduction effect.

[0044] Such a system has a more complex frequency response, with lower stiffness at low frequencies and poorer damping at high frequencies. Therefore, the vibration reduction effect of the series connection is not as good as that of the parallel connection.

[0045] Advantages of parallel connection: 1. Higher damping ratio: When connected in parallel, the damping coefficient c directly participates in the motion equation, significantly improving the damping ratio ζ, thereby attenuating vibration energy faster; 2. Suppress resonance peak: near the resonance frequency, parallel configuration can effectively reduce the amplitude and broaden the operating frequency band of the system; 3. Energy dissipation efficiency: The damper and spring move synchronously, directly responding to the speed and maximizing energy dissipation.

[0046] Limitations of tandem: 1. Equivalent damping is reduced: When connected in series, the displacement of the damper and the spring is separated, resulting in a decrease in the equivalent damping coefficient and a decrease in energy dissipation efficiency; 2. Softening of stiffness: The equivalent stiffness decreases at low frequencies, which may bring the system closer to the resonance zone and worsen the vibration response. 3. Complex dynamic coupling: The dynamic characteristics of the series system are affected by time or frequency, making it difficult to control stably; Therefore, the vibration reduction effect of connecting the spring and the viscous damper in parallel in this application is much better than that of connecting them in series. The main reasons are: When connected in parallel, the damping acts directly on the system speed, and the energy dissipation is more efficient; The parallel configuration provides a higher damping ratio and significantly suppresses the resonance peak; The equivalent stiffness and damping of the series system are reduced, resulting in a deterioration of the dynamic response.

[0047] Through the above theoretical analysis, in the vibration control of rail transit, the use of a velocity-dependent viscous damper in parallel with a spring can significantly improve the vibration reduction and energy consumption effects compared to the traditional low-damping pure mass-spring system.

[0048] The traditional mass-spring system may refer to the basic vibration isolation system, which is usually composed of springs (or elastic elements) and mass blocks to reduce vibration transmission. This system has low damping. For example, steel spring floating plates and rubber pad vibration isolation contain a small amount of material damping, but the damping ratio is usually less than 5%. This system mainly relies on the elastic deformation of the spring to store and release energy.

[0049] In a conventional mass-spring system, the natural frequency is Nearby, the system response amplitude theoretically tends to infinity, but is actually limited by material damping, but is still relatively high; its energy accumulation: external excitation energy (such as track unevenness, wheel-rail impact) is continuously input, causing vibration to be transmitted to surrounding structures (such as track base, buildings), causing noise and fatigue damage; its performance in actual engineering: although the traditional steel spring floating plate and rubber pad vibration isolation track contains a small amount of material damping, the damping ratio is usually less than 5%, and the resonance suppression ability is limited. The measured vibration attenuation is only 15%~20%, and the high-frequency noise is still significant.

[0050] The optimization effect of the viscous damper parallel spring in this application; the damping ratio is improved to: , after adding the viscous damper in parallel with the spring, the damping ratio of the entire vibration reduction system is improved, and the resonance peak is significantly suppressed; Vibration isolation efficiency in high frequency range Improvement, effectively broadening the vibration reduction frequency band; single cycle energy consumption ; Its relationship with the excitation frequency Sum squared amplitude The energy consumption effect of high-frequency wheel-rail noise and vibration is more significant.

[0051] The amplitude-frequency response comparison is as follows:

[0052] in, represents the undamped resonance amplitude, It represents the damping ratio of the traditional system, and its value is 0.02~0.05; It represents the damping ratio of the parallel system, and its value ranges from 0.1 to 0.3.

[0053] In rail transit, the vibration attenuation of the traditional steel spring floating plate (ζ≈0.03) is 15%~20%; after adding a viscous damper (ζ≈0.15) in parallel with the spring, the attenuation is increased to 40%~50%, and the noise from the building above the track is reduced by 8~10dB. In the field of high-speed rail bridge vibration reduction, the solution of viscous dampers in parallel with springs can reduce the vibration acceleration of the bridge by 60%, significantly extending the life of the bearings. It can be seen that in the design of rail transit vibration reduction, the introduction of a viscous damper in parallel with the spring can significantly improve the vibration reduction and energy consumption effects compared to the traditional mass-spring system, as shown in the following: Resonance suppression: Damping ratio increased by 3~5 times, resonance amplitude reduced by 60%~80%; Broadband vibration isolation: Reduced high-frequency vibration transmission and better noise control; Long-term reliability: Energy dissipation avoids structural fatigue and extends equipment life.

[0054] In a preferred embodiment, the angle between the support rod 3 and the horizontal direction is 15-25°.

[0055] The top plate 1 is installed and fixed under the trapezoidal sleeper or the track plate, and the base 2 is pre-buried and installed on the ballast bed. The height of the gap between the trapezoidal sleeper or the track plate and the ballast bed is less than 200 mm.

[0056] In traditional vibration isolation equipment, the viscous damper is placed vertically, or other vibration isolation components are stacked vertically, resulting in a large vertical space, generally greater than 400mm. In the field of rail transit, the height of the space under the trapezoidal sleeper that can be used for vibration reduction is limited, and the space under the sleeper for setting up the vibration reduction equipment is at most 200mm clear, so viscous dampers cannot be installed. At present, there is no vibration reduction equipment suitable for low clearance in rail transit.

[0057] Therefore, since the basic space of tunnel sections in the rail transit field is relatively limited, this application effectively combines "low clearance" and "direction conversion" and vibration decomposition by setting triangular arms, viscous dampers, springs, etc., thereby achieving a good vibration reduction effect.

[0058] The angle of the triangular arm support of the present application is set to 20°, which draws on the characteristics of vibration reduction of the human body's trunk bones, muscles, etc., and effectively decomposes the vibration into two sub-vibrations, horizontal and vertical. The horizontal vibration consumes energy through viscous dampers, springs, rubber flat supports, etc., thereby achieving the purpose of vibration reduction; the vertical vibration is transmitted to the rubber flat support, etc. through the triangular arm, and the rubber flat support is used to reduce vibration and transmit vibration energy to the outside world, thereby achieving the purpose of vibration reduction.

[0059] In a preferred embodiment, the low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration isolation device can also be configured as follows: Figure 5 and Figure 6 In the other structural forms shown in , the viscous damper 4 is tilted and used as a support rod, so that the top end of the viscous damper 4 is hinged to the top plate 1, and the bottom end of the viscous damper 4 is hinged to the base 2; At least four viscous dampers 4 are provided in the vibration reduction and isolation device, and the inclination directions thereof are different; A spring 7 is sleeved outside the viscous damper 4, such as Figure 5or a spring 7 is arranged between the top plate 1 and the base 2, as shown in Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the viscous damper 4 and the spring are arranged in parallel; the length dimension change of the viscous damper 4 is limited by the spring 7, and the length dimension of the viscous damper 4 is restored after the length dimension of the viscous damper 4 changes.

[0060] Preferably, if Figure 5 As shown in , the present application provides a low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device, which is arranged under a trapezoidal sleeper or a track plate to buffer and consume vibration on the trapezoidal sleeper or the track plate; The vibration reduction and isolation device comprises a top plate 1 and a base 2, and a viscous damper 4 is arranged between the top plate 1 and the base 2; The viscous damper 4 is arranged obliquely, and is used to decompose the vibration on the trapezoidal sleeper into horizontal vibration and vertical vibration, and is also used to convert the vibration into heat and dissipate it; A spring 7 is sleeved on the outside of the viscous damper 4, and the spring 7 limits the length change of the viscous damper 4 and promotes the length of the viscous damper 4 to restore after the length changes. The top end of the viscous damper 4 is hinged to the top plate 1. The bottom end of the viscous damper 4 is hinged to the base 2; At least four viscous dampers 4 are arranged in the vibration reduction and isolation device, and the inclination directions of the four viscous dampers are different.

[0061] Preferably, if Figure 6 As shown in , the present application provides a low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device, which is arranged under a trapezoidal sleeper or a track plate to buffer and consume vibration on the trapezoidal sleeper or the track plate; The vibration reduction and isolation device comprises a top plate 1 and a base 2, and a viscous damper 4 is arranged between the top plate 1 and the base 2; The viscous damper 4 is arranged obliquely, and is used to decompose the vibration on the trapezoidal sleeper into horizontal vibration and vertical vibration, and is also used to convert the vibration into heat and dissipate it; A spring 7 is arranged between the top plate 1 and the base 2, and the spring 7 limits the length change of the viscous damper 4 and promotes the length of the viscous damper 4 to restore after the length of the viscous damper 4 changes. The top end of the viscous damper 4 is hinged to the top plate 1. The bottom end of the viscous damper 4 is hinged to the base 2; At least four viscous dampers 4 are arranged in the vibration reduction and isolation device, and the inclination directions of the four viscous dampers are different.

[0062] In a preferred embodiment, a mounting groove is reserved in the top plate 1 and / or the base 2, the size of the groove is slightly larger than the outer contour of the device, and a 50mm adjustment gap is reserved. Use a total station to position and ensure that the center line of the device is consistent with the load transfer path.

[0063] The installation process of the low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration isolation device includes the following steps: Step 1: hoist the low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration isolation device into the reserved installation slot, insert the bottom anchor bolt into the embedded hole, and fix it preliminarily; adjust the levelness of the upper top plate 1 by the gasket so that the levelness error is ≤2mm / m; Step 2: pour C40 concrete around the low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device, vibrate and compact it, and ensure that the bottom of the base 2 is completely embedded in the roadbed; perform a load test after 28 days of maintenance to confirm that there is no looseness or deviation; Step 3, apply a simulated vibration load on the top plate 1 through the exciter to detect the vertical vibration transmissibility and the horizontal vibration attenuation rate; adjust the spring preload or change the damper specifications to optimize the vibration reduction effect; the vertical vibration transmissibility is less than or equal to 15% and meets the requirements, and the horizontal vibration attenuation rate is greater than or equal to 80% and meets the requirements.

[0064] In this low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-dissipating vibration reduction and isolation device, it is necessary to conduct ultrasonic flaw detection on the weld between the top plate and the rotating shaft to ensure that there are no cracks or pores; During the preparation of the rubber flat plate bearing, the temperature and pressure fluctuations must be controlled within ±5°C to avoid stratification or uneven hardness and ensure that the rubber vulcanization parameters meet the design requirements; The viscous damper needs to be tested for 3 million reciprocating motions to detect its sealing performance, with leakage ≤0.1ml / cycle; The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration isolation device needs to be calibrated with a laser level to avoid shear failure of the base due to off-center loading.

[0065] The core components of the low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration isolation device provided in the present application can be prefabricated in the factory, such as rubber plate supports and spring-damper units, thereby reducing on-site construction errors; the device can be quickly installed, and it only takes 2-3 days from positioning to concrete pouring, which can significantly shorten the construction period; the device has strong compatibility: it can adapt to different engineering scenarios by adjusting the component size, such as increasing or decreasing the thickness of the top plate and the base.

[0066] The present invention has been described above in conjunction with preferred embodiments, but these embodiments are only exemplary and serve only as an illustration. On this basis, the present invention may be subjected to a variety of substitutions and improvements, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-dissipating vibration reduction and isolation device, characterized in that: The vibration reduction and isolation device is arranged under the trapezoidal sleeper or the track plate to buffer and consume the vibration on the trapezoidal sleeper or the track plate; The vibration reduction and isolation device comprises a top plate (1) and a base (2), and a support rod (3) and a viscous damper (4) are arranged between the top plate (1) and the base (2); The support rod (3) is arranged obliquely to decompose the vibration on the trapezoidal sleeper and convert it into horizontal vibration and vertical vibration; The viscous damper (4) is used to convert vibration into heat and dissipate it.

2. The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The base (2) comprises a plurality of rubber flat plate supports which are independent of each other; The rubber flat plate support is formed by alternately stacking multiple layers of rubber and multiple layers of steel plates.

3. The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The top end of the support rod (3) is hinged to the top plate (1). The bottom end of the support rod (3) is hinged to the base (2), and each rubber flat plate support is hinged with a support rod (3).

4. The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device according to claim 3 is characterized in that: Two support rods (3) form a group to form a triangular arm; In the triangular arm, the top ends of the two support rods (3) are hinged to the same hinge seat of the top plate (1), and the inclination directions of the two support rods (3) are opposite; The bottom ends of the two support rods (3) are hinged to the two bases (2), and the two bases (2) are divided into a front base and a rear base according to the arrangement orientation.

5. The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The top of the vertically arranged rubber plate support has horizontal freedom; When the top plate (1) is subjected to force and vibrates, the inclination angles of the two support rods (3) in the triangular arm fluctuate accordingly, thereby causing the hinge seat on the front base and the hinge seat on the rear base to move closer to or farther from each other.

6. The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: A front rotating shaft (5) is connected between the front bases of the two triangular arms, and a rear rotating shaft (6) is connected between the rear bases of the two triangular arms; The viscous damper (4) is connected between the front rotating shaft (5) and the rear rotating shaft (6).

7. The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: One end of the viscous damper (4) is hinged to the front shaft (5), and the other end is hinged to the rear shaft (6); A spring (7) is sleeved on the outside of the viscous damper (4), and the spring (7) is used to limit the length change of the viscous damper (4) and to restore the length of the viscous damper (4) after the length change.

8. The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The angle between the support rod (3) and the horizontal direction is 15-25°.

9. The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy-absorbing vibration reduction and isolation device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The top plate (1) is fixedly mounted below the trapezoidal sleeper or the track plate, the base (2) is pre-buried and mounted on the ballast bed, and the height of the gap between the trapezoidal sleeper or the track plate and the ballast bed is less than 200 mm.

10. The low-headroom ergonomic multi-directional energy dissipation vibration reduction and isolation device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The viscous damper (4) is arranged at an angle, and the viscous damper (4) is used as a support rod, so that the top end of the viscous damper (4) is hinged to the top plate (1), and the bottom end of the viscous damper (4) is hinged to the base (2); At least four viscous dampers (4) are arranged in the vibration reduction and isolation device, and the inclination directions of the four viscous dampers are different; A spring (7) is sleeved outside the viscous damper (4), or a spring (7) is arranged between the top plate (1) and the base (2), and the spring (7) is used to limit the length dimension change of the viscous damper (4) and to restore the length dimension of the viscous damper (4) after the length dimension changes.

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