Ecological restoration method for open rock gangue storage yard based on habitat improvement technology

Abstract

An open rock gangue storage yard ecological restoration method based on a habitat improvement technology belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and comprises the following steps: renovating and reinforcing the slope surface of a gangue storage yard, arranging vegetation planting holes and rainwater intercepting ditches on the renovated stepped slope surface, and arranging habitat improvement devices in the vegetation planting holes, a water collecting device is arranged in the rainwater intercepting ditch, finally, negative-tolerant grass seeds are planted in the vegetation planting holes, shrub and grass seeds are laid on the regulated stepped slope surface, and ecological restoration of the gangue storage yard is completed. The slope surface structure of the gangue storage yard is regulated and reinforced, and the habitat improving device and the water collecting device are arranged, so that the slope body stability of the slope surface of the gangue storage yard can be improved, the ecological environment of the gangue storage yard is improved, a normal environment is provided for vegetation growth of the gangue storage yard, vegetation can be quickly recovered, and the ecological environment of the gangue storage yard is improved. And long-term stability of the slope surface of the gangue storage yard is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration, and in particular relates to an ecological restoration method for an open-air rock gangue dump based on habitat improvement technology. Background Art

[0002] Coal mining will form a large number of exposed waste rock dumps, which lack vegetation on the slopes and will induce mining geological disasters, soil erosion, and even a series of geological environmental problems such as landslides and rockfalls. In particular, the high and steep rock slopes of some large and medium-sized open-air waste rock dumps are difficult to restore due to their steep slopes, long slopes, lack of soil cover, and poor site conditions. The landscape effect is poor; some secondary vegetation that was restored early began to degenerate and become exposed again. The community structure designed early could not be realized and even required secondary greening, and it was difficult to achieve natural succession. Biodiversity degraded, etc., so it is urgent to quickly repair the open-air waste rock dumps and protect the regional ecological environment and environmental safety.

[0003] At present, the research on mine slope ecology is mainly focused on slope geological risk assessment, slope consolidation, vegetation greening, soil matrix improvement, etc., developing a slope geological risk prediction system, building a slope geological risk assessment system, and proposing invention patents for slope consolidation devices, planting devices, rainwater collection devices, etc. Traditional slope restoration mainly includes measures such as step slope reduction, dam retaining, anti-slide piles, retaining walls, stone skeletons, etc. With the popularization of ecological concepts and the development of restoration technology, ecological vegetation blankets, ecological grouting, imported soil spraying, geocells and other mine slope ecological restoration technologies have developed rapidly.

[0004] At present, there are similar patents and research results in the prior art, such as "CN118303263A, a method for rapid ecological restoration of small and medium-sized waste rock dumps without covering soil". This method uses mycorrhizal technology to reduce the amount of covering soil or to achieve rapid restoration of ordinary waste rock dumps without covering soil; however, this method is not suitable for high and steep open-air rock slopes with steep slopes, long slopes, lack of soil, and poor site conditions, especially the rapid restoration of high and steep slopes of large and medium-sized open-air rock waste rock dumps.

[0005] Ecological restoration of large and medium-sized open-pit rock gangue dumps is still rare, or only targets some of the problems. However, the purpose is too single, the restoration effect is poor, the ecology is poor, the restoration rate is low, and the effect is short. These problems cannot fundamentally solve the ecological restoration problems of open-pit rock gangue dumps. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides an ecological restoration method for open-air rock gangue dumps based on habitat improvement technology, which solves the problem of rapid ecological restoration of large and medium-sized open-air rock gangue dumps with steep slopes, long slopes, lack of soil and poor site conditions.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an open-air rock gangue dump ecological restoration method based on habitat improvement technology, comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: The slope of the waste rock dump is regulated and reinforced to obtain a stepped slope after regulation;

[0009] S2: Set up vegetation planting holes on each step platform of the stepped slope after treatment, and set up rainwater interception ditches on the inner side of each step platform;

[0010] S3: A habitat improvement device is set in the vegetation planting hole and a water collection device is set in the rainwater interception ditch to obtain a transformed waste rock dump;

[0011] S4: Plant shade-tolerant grass seeds in the vegetation planting holes of the renovated waste rock dump, and lay shrub seeds on the slope of the renovated waste rock dump to complete the ecological restoration of the waste rock dump.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention can increase the slope stability of the gangue yard slope by regulating and reinforcing the slope structure of the gangue yard, reduce slope erosion and mining geological disasters, and even geological environmental problems such as landslides and falling rocks; by arranging habitat improvement devices and water collection devices, it can comprehensively improve the slope site conditions, water demand and nutrient supply of the gangue yard, increase the activity of vegetation growth matrix, and create good conditions for plant growth; through the water collection device, the slope runoff is fully collected and stored to provide water for slope vegetation irrigation and realize the effective utilization of rainwater resources; at the same time, by planting corresponding vegetation configurations, the slope preparation and habitat improvement of the gangue yard are connected, so as to achieve the effect of rapid recovery of slope vegetation and make the slope of the gangue yard have a long-term stable slope structure.

[0013] Further: the slope of the gangue dump is regulated and reinforced in the following specific ways:

[0014] The slope of the waste rock dump with a slope greater than 30° and a slope length greater than 9m is stepped down to obtain a multi-step slope;

[0015] Each step of the multi-step slope is 6m-9m long and 2.5m-3.5m wide, and 5-8 layers of ecological matrix bags are laid at the base of each step, and an ecological matrix blanket is laid on the slope above the ecological matrix bags;

[0016] The slope surface and platform of the multi-step slope are covered with 15-18cm of soil.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: by regulating and reinforcing the slope of the waste rock dump, a stable slope environment can be provided, the occurrence of landslides can be reduced, the smooth progress of ecological restoration can be ensured, and the speed of vegetation community succession can be increased.

[0018] Further: the diameter of the vegetation planting hole is 50-60cm, the depth is 40-50cm, and the hole spacing is 1.5-2.5m;

[0019] The cross section of the rainwater interception ditch is trapezoidal, with an upper bottom width of 0.50m, a lower bottom width of 0.25m, a depth of 0.25m, and a longitudinal slope of 1.0%.

[0020] The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is that by setting vegetation planting holes and rainwater interception ditches, the problem of vegetation being difficult to survive due to the loose structure and harmful components of the waste rock dump can be solved, thereby ensuring the smooth growth of vegetation.

[0021] Further: the habitat improvement device comprises: habitat improvement special materials and growth matrix;

[0022] The special materials for habitat improvement include: improved polyacrylamide polymer material rPAM, improved super absorbent resin rSAP, water-retaining porous material, nitrogen slow-release agent, humus conditioner, nutrient sludge and composite microbial fertilizer;

[0023] The growth matrix comprises improved polyacrylamide polymer material, improved super absorbent resin, water-retaining porous material, nitrogen slow-release agent, humus conditioner, fungus residue, biomass, nutrient sludge and composite microbial fertilizer.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the above further scheme are: by setting up corresponding special habitat improvement materials and growth substrates, the site conditions and water and nutrient conditions of slope vegetation are improved, a good environment for plant growth is created, the probability of vegetation survival on the waste rock yard is increased, and the normal growth of vegetation on the waste rock yard is ensured, avoiding the death of vegetation caused by harmful substances in the waste rock yard.

[0025] Further: a water collection device is arranged every 15-25m in the rainwater interception ditch, and the water collection device comprises: an impurity filtering pool, a rainwater collection pit and a water collection dish;

[0026] The impurity filter pool is 1m long, 0.8m wide and 0.4m deep. An ecological filter cloth is laid on the inner side of the impurity filter pool, and an agricultural plastic film with a thickness of 0.02mm is laid on the ecological filter cloth.

[0027] The rainwater collection pit is 2m long, 1.2m wide and 0.6m deep. An ecological filter cloth is laid inside the rainwater collection pit, and the water collection dish is installed on the ecological filter cloth.

[0028] One side of the impurity filter pool is connected to the rainwater interception ditch, and the other side of the impurity filter pool is provided with a connecting port, which is sequentially connected to a multi-stage water inlet pipe, a PVC one-way switch valve and a water inlet, and the water inlet is provided on one side of the rainwater collection pit, and a multi-stage drainage pipe is provided on the other side of the rainwater collection pit, and a PVC water outlet valve is provided at the pipe mouth of the multi-stage drainage pipe.

[0029] The beneficial effect of the above further scheme is: by setting up rainwater interception ditches, impurity filtering pools, rainwater collection pits and water collection dishes, it is possible to effectively collect and store slope rainwater runoff, reduce slope scour, and effectively solve the problem of water shortage and water conservation on the slope of the waste rock dump. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of an ecological restoration method for an open-pit rock waste dump based on habitat improvement technology.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the waste rock dump after being repaired by the method of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the water collection device.

[0033] Among them: 1-the original slope line of the gangue dump; 2-the stepped slope after renovation; 3-the step platform of the stepped slope after renovation; 4-vegetation planting holes; 5-rainwater interception ditch; 6-growth matrix; 7-ecological matrix bag; 8-ecological matrix blanket; 9-U-shaped positioning reinforcement nails; 10-impurity filtration pool; 11-rainwater collection pit; 12-plastic film; 13-water collection dish; 14-connection port; 15-multi-stage water inlet pipe; 16-PVC one-way switch valve; 17-water inlet; 18-multi-stage drainage pipe; 19-PVC outlet valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below so that those skilled in the art can understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0035] Example

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, an open-pit rock gangue dump ecological restoration method based on habitat improvement technology includes the following steps:

[0037] S1: The slope of the waste rock dump is regulated and reinforced to obtain a stepped slope after regulation;

[0038] S2: Set up vegetation planting holes on each step platform of the stepped slope after treatment, and set up rainwater interception ditches on the inner side of each step platform;

[0039] S3: A habitat improvement device is set in the vegetation planting hole and a water collection device is set in the rainwater interception ditch to obtain a transformed waste rock dump;

[0040] S4: Plant shade-tolerant grass seeds in the vegetation planting holes of the renovated waste rock dump, and lay shrub seeds on the slope of the renovated waste rock dump to complete the ecological restoration of the waste rock dump.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the waste rock dump after repair of the present invention, wherein 1 is the original slope line of the waste rock dump, 2 is the stepped slope after repair, 3 is the step platform of the stepped slope after repair, 4 is the vegetation planting hole, 5 is the rainwater interception ditch, 6 is the growth matrix, 7 is the ecological matrix bag, 8 is the ecological matrix blanket, and 9 is the U-shaped positioning reinforcement nail.

[0042] In one embodiment of the present invention, the slope of the waste rock dump is regulated and reinforced in S1, and the specific method is as follows:

[0043] The slope of the waste rock dump with a slope greater than 30° and a slope length greater than 9m is stepped down to obtain a multi-step slope;

[0044] Each step of the multi-step slope is 6m-9m long and 2.5m-3.5m wide, and 5-8 layers of eco-matrix bags are laid at the base of each step, and an eco-matrix blanket is laid on the slope above the eco-matrix bags; the eco-matrix bags on the lowest step can be staggered and stacked in 2-3 layers, and the eco-matrix blanket can be laid in 2-3 layers, and staggered and fixed with U-shaped positioning reinforcement nails, which can enhance the slope stability of the waste rock dump and enhance the slope protection function;

[0045] The slope surface and platform of the multi-step slope are covered with 15-18cm of soil.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the vegetation planting hole is 50-60cm, the depth is 40-50cm, and the hole spacing is 1.5-2.5m; the cross-section of the rainwater interception ditch is trapezoidal, with an upper bottom width of 0.50m, a lower bottom width of 0.25m, a depth of 0.25m, and a longitudinal slope of 1.0%.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, the habitat improvement device includes: special habitat improvement materials and growth matrix; the growth matrix can be filled in vegetation planting holes, ecological matrix bags and ecological matrix blankets to provide nutrients for the growth of vegetation in the waste rock dump.

[0048] Special materials for habitat improvement include: improved polyacrylamide polymer material rPAM, improved super absorbent resin rSAP, water-retaining porous materials, nitrogen slow-release agents, humus conditioners, nutrient sludge and compound microbial fertilizers;

[0049] The growth matrix includes 15g of improved polyacrylamide polymer material, 15g of improved super absorbent resin, 20g of water-retaining porous material, 20g of nitrogen slow-release agent, 30g of humus conditioner, 200g of fungus residue, 200g of biomass, 300g of nutrient sludge and 400g of compound microbial fertilizer.

[0050] In one embodiment of the present invention, a water collection device is arranged every 15-25 m in the rainwater interception ditch, and the water collection device includes: an impurity filtering pool, a rainwater collection pit and a water collection dish;

[0051] The impurity filter pool is 1m long, 0.8m wide and 0.4m deep. An ecological filter cloth is laid inside the impurity filter pool, and an agricultural plastic film with a thickness of 0.02mm is laid on the ecological filter cloth.

[0052] The length of the rainwater collection pit is 2m, the width is 1.2m, and the depth is 0.6m. The inner side of the rainwater collection pit is paved with an ecological filter cloth, and the water collection dish is installed on the ecological filter cloth;

[0053] like Figure 3 As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water collection device, wherein 3 is a stepped platform after renovation, 2 is a stepped slope after renovation, 5 is a rainwater interception ditch, 10 is an impurity filter pool, 11 is a rainwater collection pit, 12 is a plastic film, 13 is a water collection dish, 14 is a connection port, 15 is a multi-stage water inlet pipe, 16 is a PVC one-way switch valve, 17 is a water inlet, 18 is a multi-stage drainage pipe, and 18 is a PVC outlet valve; one side of the impurity filter pool is connected to the rainwater interception ditch, and the other side of the impurity filter pool is provided with a connection port, and the connection port is sequentially connected to the multi-stage water inlet pipe , PVC one-way switch valve and water inlet, the water inlet is arranged on one side of the rainwater collection pit, and a multi-stage drainage pipe is arranged on the other side of the rainwater collection pit, and a PVC water outlet valve is arranged at the pipe mouth of the multi-stage drainage pipe; wherein, a sand filter can be installed at the connecting port to prevent mud, stones, fallen leaves and other debris from clogging the multi-stage drainage pipe, the ecological filter cloth can prevent rainwater from penetrating and corroding, the agricultural plastic film can quickly clean up the deposited mud, filtered impurities and vegetation litter, and the PVC one-way switch valve can prevent the water in the rainwater collection pit from flowing back to the impurity filter pool.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, in S4, trees and shrubs are mixedly planted in the vegetation planting holes of the transformed waste rock dump, shade-tolerant grass seeds with staggered ecological niches are sown under the forest, and shrub seeds are laid on the slope of the transformed waste rock dump, wherein the vegetation selects tree species suitable for drought-resistant and barren-resistant growth, and the herbs include Goosegrass, Pennisetum, Iron Wire Grass, Setaria, Imperata, Sesbania, Rocket Grass, Zinnia, and Wild Green Grass; the shrubs include Gastrodia elata, Pistacia chinensis, Elaeagnus angustifolia, and Zanthoxylum bungeanum; and the trees include Sophora japonica, Ulmus, Salix matsudana, Poplar, and Tamarix.

[0055] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention can increase the slope stability of the gangue yard slope by regulating and reinforcing the slope structure of the gangue yard, reduce slope erosion and mining geological disasters, and even geological environmental problems such as landslides and falling rocks; by arranging habitat improvement devices and water collection devices, it can comprehensively improve the slope site conditions, water demand and nutrient supply of the gangue yard, increase the activity of vegetation growth matrix, and create good conditions for plant growth; through the water collection device, the slope runoff is fully collected and stored to provide water for slope vegetation irrigation and realize the effective utilization of rainwater resources; at the same time, by planting corresponding vegetation configurations, the slope preparation and habitat improvement of the gangue yard are connected, so as to achieve the effect of rapid recovery of slope vegetation and make the slope of the gangue yard have a long-term stable slope structure.

Claims

1. An open-air rock waste dump ecological restoration method based on habitat improvement technology, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: The slope of the waste rock dump is regulated and reinforced to obtain a stepped slope after regulation; S2: Set up vegetation planting holes on each step platform of the stepped slope after treatment, and set up rainwater interception ditches on the inner side of each step platform; S3: A habitat improvement device is set in the vegetation planting hole and a water collection device is set in the rainwater interception ditch to obtain a transformed waste rock dump; S4: Plant shade-tolerant grass seeds in the vegetation planting holes of the renovated waste rock dump, and lay shrub seeds on the slope of the renovated waste rock dump to complete the ecological restoration of the waste rock dump.

2. The method for ecological restoration of an open-air rock waste dump based on habitat improvement technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific methods of regulating and reinforcing the slope of the gangue dump are as follows: The slope of the waste rock dump with a slope greater than 30° and a slope length greater than 9m is stepped down to obtain a multi-step slope; Each step of the multi-step slope is 6m-9m long and 2.5m-3.5m wide, and 5-8 layers of ecological matrix bags are laid at the base of each step, and an ecological matrix blanket is laid on the slope above the ecological matrix bags; The slope surface and platform of the multi-step slope are covered with 15-18cm of soil.

3. The method for ecological restoration of an open-air rock waste dump based on habitat improvement technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the vegetation planting hole is 50-60cm, the depth is 40-50cm, and the hole spacing is 1.5-2.5m; The cross section of the rainwater interception ditch is trapezoidal, with an upper bottom width of 0.50m, a lower bottom width of 0.25m, a depth of 0.25m, and a longitudinal slope of 1.0%.

4. The method for ecological restoration of an open-air rock waste dump based on habitat improvement technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: The habitat improvement device comprises: special materials for habitat improvement and a growth matrix; The special materials for habitat improvement include: improved polyacrylamide polymer material rPAM, improved super absorbent resin rSAP, water-retaining porous material, nitrogen slow-release agent, humus conditioner, nutrient sludge and composite microbial fertilizer; The growth matrix comprises improved polyacrylamide polymer material, improved super absorbent resin, water-retaining porous material, nitrogen slow-release agent, humus conditioner, fungus residue, biomass, nutrient sludge and composite microbial fertilizer.

5. The method for ecological restoration of an open-air rock waste dump based on habitat improvement technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water collection device is arranged every 15-25m in the rainwater interception ditch, and the water collection device includes: an impurity filtering pool, a rainwater collection pit and a water collection dish; The impurity filter pool is 1m long, 0.8m wide and 0.4m deep. An ecological filter cloth is laid on the inner side of the impurity filter pool, and an agricultural plastic film with a thickness of 0.02mm is laid on the ecological filter cloth; The rainwater collection pit is 2m long, 1.2m wide and 0.6m deep. An ecological filter cloth is laid inside the rainwater collection pit, and the water collection dish is installed on the ecological filter cloth. One side of the impurity filter pool is connected to the rainwater interception ditch, and the other side of the impurity filter pool is provided with a connecting port, which is sequentially connected to a multi-stage water inlet pipe, a PVC one-way switch valve and a water inlet, and the water inlet is provided on one side of the rainwater collection pit, and a multi-stage drainage pipe is provided on the other side of the rainwater collection pit, and a PVC water outlet valve is provided at the pipe mouth of the multi-stage drainage pipe.

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