A simulation test device and method for monitoring fault activity of carbon dioxide storage

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide storage simulation experiments, and discloses a simulation test device and method for monitoring fault activity of carbon dioxide storage, wherein a geological similar body is filled in a test box body, and the geological similar body comprises, from a low layer to a top layer in the test box body, a first fine sandstone layer, a coal layer, a siltstone layer, a conglomerate layer and a second fine sandstone layer; the first fine sandstone layer, the coal layer, the siltstone layer and the conglomerate layer are misaligned and filled in the test box body to form a fault structure; a carbon dioxide injection assembly and a water injection assembly are respectively located outside the test box body, and an output end of the carbon dioxide injection assembly is inserted into a fault position of the siltstone layer; an output end of the water injection assembly is inserted into the conglomerate layer; the application realizes real-time recording and monitoring of the mechanical behavior of a stratum and the change of an environmental thermal state during carbon dioxide injection and storage by using multiple sensors for real-time monitoring.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide storage simulation experiments, in particular to a simulation test device and method for monitoring the activity of carbon dioxide storage faults. BACKGROUND

[0002] Carbon dioxide, as a major greenhouse gas, has the ability to absorb and maintain the heat of the earth's surface, which directly exacerbates global warming and thus leads to the frequent occurrence of extreme climate events such as floods and droughts. Geological carbon dioxide storage technology, as one of the key strategies to address global climate change, can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel combustion, slow down the speed of global warming, improve energy efficiency, and reduce production costs if it is carried out safely and effectively. With the vigorous development of renewable energy, carbon dioxide geological storage technology can serve as a bridge in the process of energy structure transformation, helping countries that rely on fossil fuels to steadily move towards a cleaner energy system.

[0003] During the implementation of carbon dioxide geological storage projects, complex geological conditions and dynamic characteristics of variable fluids affect the development and implementation of carbon dioxide geological storage projects. Therefore, before the formal implementation of practical projects, a three-dimensional similar simulation box test is carried out on the pre-storage area, which not only helps to understand the actual carbon dioxide migration range and affected area in advance, but also helps to determine the storage process, optimize the storage strategy, and assess potential risks. This process not only helps to improve the storage scheme and enhance the storage efficiency, but also effectively identifies and reduces potential environmental risks. However, current three-dimensional similar simulation tests for carbon dioxide fault storage are lacking in device design and implementation methods, and have limited value in guiding practical applications. Therefore, ensuring that the simulated environment is as close to natural geological conditions as possible is particularly important for accurately testing the effectiveness of carbon dioxide fault storage technology. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a simulation test device and method for monitoring the activity of carbon dioxide storage faults, to solve the technical problem of how to simulate carbon dioxide fault storage technology in the prior art.

[0005] The present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present application provides a simulation test device for monitoring the activity of carbon dioxide storage faults, comprising a test box body, a geological similar body, a carbon dioxide injection assembly, a water injection assembly, and a monitoring assembly.

[0007] The geological similar body is filled in the test box body, and the geological similar body comprises, from low layer to top layer, a first fine sandstone layer, a coal layer, a siltstone layer, a conglomerate layer and a second fine sandstone layer in the test box body; the first fine sandstone layer, the coal layer, the siltstone layer and the conglomerate layer are staggered and filled in the test box body to form a fault structure;

[0008] The carbon dioxide injection assembly and the water injection assembly are located outside the test box body respectively, and the output end of the carbon dioxide injection assembly is inserted into the fault position of the siltstone layer; the output end of the water injection assembly is inserted into the conglomerate layer;

[0009] The monitoring assembly comprises a monitoring control station, a shooting assembly and a plurality of sensors; the monitoring control station is located outside the test box body, the shooting assembly is arranged around the outside of the test box body, the plurality of sensors are arranged in the first fine sandstone layer, the coal layer, the siltstone layer, the conglomerate layer and the second fine sandstone layer respectively, and the control ends of the plurality of sensors and the shooting assembly are connected with the monitoring control station.

[0010] Preferably, the test box body comprises a plurality of steel frames; the plurality of steel frames are spliced to form a box frame; the side wall and the bottom surface of the box frame are formed into a box structure by organic glass, and the first fine sandstone layer, the coal layer, the siltstone layer, the conglomerate layer and the second fine sandstone layer are sequentially laid in the box structure from low layer to top layer.

[0011] Preferably, the carbon dioxide injection assembly comprises a carbon dioxide cylinder, a low-temperature water bath box, a plunger pump and a gas injection pipe;

[0012] The output end of the carbon dioxide cylinder is connected to the input end of the low-temperature water bath box, the output end of the low-temperature water bath box is connected to the input end of the gas injection pipe through the plunger pump, and the output end of the gas injection pipe is inserted into the fault position of the siltstone layer.

[0013] Preferably, the water injection assembly comprises a container, a self-priming pump and a water injection pipe;

[0014] The container contains formation water, and the output end of the container is connected to the input end of the water injection pipe through the self-priming pump; the output end of the water injection pipe is inserted into the conglomerate layer.

[0015] Further, the water injection pipe comprises a first water pipe and a second water pipe;

[0016] One end of the first water pipe is connected to the output end of the container through the self-priming pump, and the other end is communicated with the second water pipe; the second water pipe is horizontally laid in the conglomerate layer; a plurality of output holes are distributed on the pipe body of the second water pipe.

[0017] Preferably, the shooting assembly comprises a camera shooting device and a sliding rail;

[0018] The sliding rail is arranged outside the test box body; and the camera shooting device is slidably arranged on the sliding rail and used for surrounding shooting on the test box body through the sliding rail.

[0019] Preferably, the plurality of sensors include a plurality of groups of fiber grating strain sensors, fiber grating temperature sensors, acoustic emission sensors, and carbon dioxide sensors.

[0020] The plurality of groups of fiber grating strain sensors and fiber grating temperature sensors are respectively embedded in the first fine sandstone layer, the coal layer, the siltstone layer, the conglomerate layer, and the second fine sandstone layer.

[0021] The plurality of groups of acoustic emission sensors and carbon dioxide sensors are respectively arranged on the surface of the second fine sandstone layer.

[0022] Preferably, the first fine sandstone layer, the coal layer, the siltstone layer, the conglomerate layer, and the second fine sandstone layer are respectively layered by using a mica structure.

[0023] Preferably, the fault structure between the first fine sandstone layer, the coal layer, the siltstone layer, and the conglomerate layer is formed by laying quartz sand, and the inclination angles of the fault structures between the first fine sandstone layer, the coal layer, the siltstone layer, and the conglomerate layer are the same.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a simulation test method for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault, based on the simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault.

[0025] The first fine sandstone layer, the coal layer, the siltstone layer, the conglomerate layer, and the second fine sandstone layer are laid in the test box body from the lower layer to the top layer, and the first fine sandstone layer, the coal layer, the siltstone layer, and the conglomerate layer are laid in a staggered manner to form a fault structure; meanwhile, the plurality of sensors are embedded in the first fine sandstone layer, the coal layer, the siltstone layer, the conglomerate layer, and the second fine sandstone layer in sequence.

[0026] After the formation water is injected into the conglomerate layer through the output end of the water injection assembly, the carbon dioxide is injected into the fault position of the siltstone layer through the output end of the carbon dioxide injection assembly; at this time, the shooting assembly takes pictures around the test box body, and the data obtained by the shooting are fed back to the monitoring control station; meanwhile, the strain, temperature, acoustic emission, and carbon dioxide leakage data are fed back to the monitoring control station in real time, and the simulation test for monitoring the activity of the carbon dioxide storage fault is completed.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0028] The application provides a simulation test device for monitoring carbon dioxide storage fault activity, which fills different geological analogues in the test box body, thereby facilitating the simulation of different scale geological structures to study the migration and storage characteristics of carbon dioxide under different scales, injects formation water and carbon dioxide into the geological analogue respectively, can reproduce faults, fractures and other geological structures, and truly reproduces the underground aquifer, realizes real-time observation of fault slip and mechanical behavior such as closure change, can improve the accuracy of geological simulation test, and makes the test result closer to the situation under natural geological conditions.

[0029] Further, the steel frame serves as the main support structure of the box frame, ensuring the stability and load-bearing capacity of the entire test box, so that the box can withstand the pressure generated by the filled geological analogue and the injected fluid inside, ensuring the safe operation of the test process. The use of organic glass not only maintains the transparency of the box, enabling researchers to visually observe the changes in the geological structure inside the box, but also has certain strength and corrosion resistance, which can adapt to various environmental conditions during the test process.

[0030] Further, the carbon dioxide cylinder serves as a gas source, providing stable and controllable carbon dioxide supply. By adjusting the opening degree and pressure of the cylinder, the amount and rate of injected carbon dioxide can be accurately controlled. The use of a low-temperature water bath can reduce the temperature of carbon dioxide, simulating the lower environmental temperature in the deep underground. This temperature control helps to study the influence of temperature on the migration and storage characteristics of carbon dioxide, improving the accuracy and scientificity of the test. The plunger pump serves as a power source, which can inject low-temperature carbon dioxide into the siltstone fault position in the test box at a stable pressure and flow rate. The high efficiency and stability of the plunger pump ensure the continuity and controllability of the injection process, avoiding interference with the test results due to pressure fluctuations. The design of the gas injection pipe allows carbon dioxide to be directly injected into the fault position of the siltstone layer, which is crucial for simulating fault activity and its influence on carbon dioxide storage effect. By accurately controlling the injection position, the influence of faults on the migration path, storage efficiency and stability of the geological structure of carbon dioxide can be deeply studied.

[0031] Further, the container is filled with formation water to ensure that the water injected into the ground is similar to the water quality of the formation itself, which helps to maintain the stability and permeability of the formation. The self-suction pump can effectively extract formation water from the container and inject it into the conglomerate layer through the water injection pipe, realizing accurate injection of underground water. The output end of the water injection pipe is directly inserted into the conglomerate layer, ensuring that the water can directly act on the target formation and improving the water injection efficiency.

[0032] Furthermore, the first water pipe serves as the main conduit connecting the self-priming pump and the container, ensuring stable delivery of water flow. The second water pipe serves as a conduit for water flow distribution, which is horizontally laid in the conglomerate layer, allowing water flow to be more evenly distributed in the target formation. The arrangement of the output holes allows water flow to be injected from multiple points simultaneously into the conglomerate layer, further improving the uniformity and permeability of water flow. By simultaneously injecting water through multiple output holes on the second water pipe, the water injection speed can be significantly accelerated, improving the efficiency of water injection. Uniformly distributed water flow helps to better maintain the permeability and pressure balance of the formation, thereby improving the efficiency of oil and gas extraction. Uniformly distributed water flow can reduce the deformation or damage of the formation caused by excessive or insufficient local water injection. The arrangement of the output holes allows water flow to penetrate deeper into the conglomerate layer, helping to enhance the overall stability of the formation.

[0033] Further, the camera shooting device is arranged on the slide rail around the test box body, which can realize all-around and multi-angle shooting of the test box body 1, ensuring the comprehensiveness and integrity of the shooting content, and helping to capture every detail in the test process. The surrounding arrangement of the slide rail and the sliding function of the camera shooting device make it easy for the shooter to adjust the shooting angle and position as needed. This flexibility not only improves the accuracy of shooting, but also makes the shooting process more efficient and convenient.

[0034] Further, by embedding fiber Bragg grating strain sensors and fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors in multiple formations, the strain and temperature changes of these formations can be monitored in real time. Fiber Bragg grating sensors can accurately measure small strains and temperature changes. Multiple acoustic emission sensors are arranged on the surface of the second fine sandstone layer, which can monitor acoustic signals generated in the formation due to stress changes, rock rupture, etc. Acoustic emission monitoring helps to early warning potential disasters in the formation, such as earthquakes, rock displacement, etc., so that appropriate preventive measures can be taken. The arrangement of carbon dioxide sensors can monitor the concentration changes of carbon dioxide in the formation in real time. This is of great significance for assessing the feasibility of underground storage of carbon dioxide, monitoring gas leakage during oil and gas extraction, and studying the changes of gas composition in the formation.

[0035] Further, the mica structure has good mechanical properties and stability, which can effectively separate and support different formations, prevent interaction and displacement between formations, and thus enhance the stability of the entire formation. The mica material has certain waterproof performance, which can prevent the penetration and diffusion of underground water or other fluids between different formations, helping to maintain the dryness and stability of the formation.

[0036] Further, quartz sand, as a kind of hard granular material, has good mechanical properties and stability. By laying quartz sand to fill the fault structure, the stability and bearing capacity of the fault can be effectively enhanced, preventing the fault from sliding or collapsing. Keeping the same inclination angle of the fault structure can make the fault more uniform under stress, reducing the damage caused by stress concentration. At the same time, the uniform inclination angle also helps to improve the overall stability and reliability of the fault structure.

[0037] The present application also provides a simulation test method for monitoring the activity of carbon dioxide storage faults. By laying the first fine sandstone layer, coal layer, siltstone layer, conglomerate layer and second fine sandstone layer in the test box from the lower layer to the top layer, and simulating the fault structure, the actual situation in the geological environment can be highly restored. This simulation helps to more accurately evaluate the changes in fault activity during carbon dioxide storage. By embedding sensors in multiple strata, including strain, temperature, acoustic emission and carbon dioxide leakage sensors, the various responses of the fault during carbon dioxide storage can be monitored in real time. These data provide important basis for evaluating fault stability and predicting potential risks. The shooting assembly takes pictures around the test box, which can capture the small changes in the strata and fault structure. At the same time, the data collected by the sensors combined with the shooting data can form a comprehensive data set for subsequent data analysis and simulation research. By simulating the carbon dioxide injection process and monitoring the changes in the strata and fault in real time, the effectiveness of carbon dioxide storage can be efficiently evaluated. This helps to optimize the storage strategy, improve the storage efficiency and reduce the impact on the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of the simulation test device in the embodiment of the present application;

[0039] Figure 2 The structure schematic diagram of the monitoring assembly in the embodiment of the present application;

[0040] In the figure: 1, test box; 2, geological analog; 3, carbon dioxide injection assembly; 4, water injection assembly; 5, monitoring assembly; 1-1, steel frame; 1-2, organic glass; 2-1, first fine sandstone layer; 2-2, coal layer; 2-3, siltstone layer; 2-4, conglomerate layer; 2-5, second fine sandstone layer; 3-1, carbon dioxide cylinder; 3-2, low-temperature water bath box; 3-3, plunger pump; 3-4, gas injection pipe; 4-1, container; 4-2, self-priming pump; 4-3, water injection pipe; 5-1, fiber Bragg strain sensor; 5-2, fiber Bragg temperature sensor; 5-3, acoustic emission sensor; 5-4, carbon dioxide sensor; 5-5, monitoring control station; 5-6, camera shooting device; 5-7, slide rail. 4-3-1, first water pipe; 4-3-2, second water pipe; 4-3-3, output hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to better understand the technical scheme of the present application, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0042] The purpose of the present application is to provide a simulation test device and method for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault, to solve the technical problem of how to simulate the carbon dioxide fault storage technology in the prior art.

[0043] The present application will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 In an embodiment of the present application, a simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault is provided, comprising a test box body 1, a geological analog 2, a carbon dioxide injection assembly 3, a water injection assembly 4, and a monitoring assembly 5. The geological analog 2 is filled in the test box body 1, and the geological analog 2 comprises, from low layer to top layer in the test box body 1, a first fine sandstone layer 2-1, a coal seam 2-2, a siltstone layer 2-3, a conglomerate layer 2-4, and a second fine sandstone layer 2-5. The first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal seam 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3, and the conglomerate layer 2-4 are misaligned and filled in the test box body 1 to form a fault structure. The carbon dioxide injection assembly 3 and the water injection assembly 4 are located outside the test box body 1, and the output end of the carbon dioxide injection assembly 3 is inserted into the fault position of the siltstone layer 2-3. The output end of the water injection assembly 4 is inserted into the conglomerate layer 2-4. The monitoring assembly 5 comprises a monitoring control station 5-5, a shooting assembly, and a plurality of sensors. The monitoring control station 5-5 is located outside the test box body 1, the shooting assembly is arranged around the outside of the test box body 1, and the plurality of sensors are arranged in the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal seam 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3, the conglomerate layer 2-4, and the second fine sandstone layer 2-5, respectively. The control ends of the plurality of sensors and the shooting assembly are connected to the monitoring control station 5-5.

[0046] Specifically, the test box 1 comprises a plurality of steel frames 1-1; the steel frames 1-1 are spliced to form a box frame; side walls and a bottom surface of the box frame are formed into a box structure by setting plexiglass 1-2; the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal layer 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3, the conglomerate layer 2-4 and the second fine sandstone layer 2-5 are sequentially laid in the box structure from a lower layer to a top layer.

[0047] In the embodiment, the box frame is detachable, and the walls are connected by threads; the side walls and the bottom surface of the box frame are formed into a box structure by setting plexiglass 1-2, wherein the connection between the plexiglass 1-2 and the box frame is sealed by sealing glue, and the plexiglass 1-2 is marked by a marker pen to ensure that the thickness of each layer is within the control range during the laying of the materials. In addition, the plexiglass 1-2 provides convenience for visual observation.

[0048] Specifically, the carbon dioxide injection assembly 3 comprises a carbon dioxide cylinder 3-1, a low-temperature water bath box 3-2, a plunger pump 3-3 and a gas injection pipe 3-4; the output end of the carbon dioxide cylinder 3-1 is connected to the input end of the low-temperature water bath box 3-2; the output end of the low-temperature water bath box 3-2 is connected to the input end of the gas injection pipe 3-4 through the plunger pump 3-3; and the output end of the gas injection pipe 3-4 is inserted into the fault position of the siltstone layer 2-3.

[0049] In the embodiment, when the carbon dioxide is injected, the carbon dioxide cylinder 3-1 is first opened, so that the carbon dioxide enters the low-temperature water bath box 3-2; when all the carbon dioxide becomes liquid, the carbon dioxide is injected into the fault position of the siltstone layer 2-3 through the plunger pump 3-3 and the gas injection pipe 3-4.

[0050] Specifically, the water injection assembly 4 comprises a container 4-1, a self-priming pump 4-2 and a water injection pipe 4-3; the container 4-1 contains formation water, and the output end of the container 4-1 is connected to the input end of the water injection pipe 4-3 through the self-priming pump 4-2; and the output end of the water injection pipe 4-3 is inserted into the conglomerate layer 2-4.

[0051] In the embodiment, the conglomerate layer 2-4 is an aquifer, the bottom end of the water injection pipe 4-3 is located in the conglomerate layer 2-4 (i.e. the aquifer), and the top end of the water injection pipe 4-3 is located in the atmosphere. Before the carbon dioxide is injected, the formation water in the container 4-1 is injected into the conglomerate layer 2-4 (i.e. the aquifer) through the water injection pipe 4-3 by the self-priming pump 4-2; the injection of the formation water is stopped when the formation water is difficult to inject; after the injection of the formation water is completed, the water injection pipe 4-3 is sealed with cement; and the water injection pipe 4-3 is opened again when the formation water is injected next time.

[0052] The water injection pipe 4-3 comprises a first water pipe 4-3-1 and a second water pipe 4-3-2; one end of the first water pipe 4-3-1 is connected to the output end of the container 4-1 through the self-priming pump 4-2, and the other end is communicated with the second water pipe 4-3-2; the second water pipe 4-3-2 is horizontally laid in the conglomerate layer 2-4; a plurality of output holes 4-3-3 are distributed on the pipe body of the second water pipe 4-3-2.

[0053] Specifically, the photographing assembly comprises a camera shooting device 5-6 and a slide rail 5-7; the slide rail 5-7 is arranged around the outside of the test box body 1; the camera shooting device 5-6 is slidably arranged on the slide rail 5-7, and is used for surrounding shooting on the test box body 1 through the slide rail 5-7.

[0054] In the embodiment, the camera shooting device 5-6 records the change of the geological similar body 2 during the simulation of the carbon dioxide storage fault activity monitoring, the camera shooting device 5-6 is arranged outside the test box body 1 to collect the real-time state of the geological similar body 2 during the simulation, the slide rail 5-7 is arranged outside the test box body 1, and the camera shooting device 5-6 is fixed on the slide rail 5-7, so that the real-time change of the geological similar body 2 can be observed according to actual experimental requirements.

[0055] Specifically, the plurality of sensors comprise a plurality of groups of fiber grating strain sensors 5-1, fiber grating temperature sensors 5-2, acoustic emission sensors 5-3 and carbon dioxide sensors 5-4; the plurality of groups of fiber grating strain sensors 5-1 and fiber grating temperature sensors 5-2 are respectively embedded in the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal seam 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3, the conglomerate layer 2-4 and the second fine sandstone layer 2-5; the plurality of groups of acoustic emission sensors 5-3 and carbon dioxide sensors 5-4 are respectively arranged on the surface of the second fine sandstone layer 2-5.

[0056] In the embodiment, the monitoring assembly 5 includes fiber bragg strain sensors 5-1 arranged in each layer of the geological analog 2 and used for monitoring strain data of the geological analog 2, fiber bragg temperature sensors 5-2 used for monitoring temperature data in the geological analog 2, acoustic emission sensors 5-3 arranged outside the geological analog 2, carbon dioxide sensors 5-4 arranged on the surface of the geological analog 2 and used for monitoring whether carbon dioxide leaks in the atmosphere, and a monitoring control station 5-5 used for collecting data of the sensors. The monitoring control station 5-5 collects strain, temperature, acoustic emission and carbon dioxide leakage data during the test, monitors strain and temperature changes of the stratum in real time, analyzes carbon dioxide migration paths and observes changes of the stratum structure and underground water. According to test requirements, the fiber bragg strain sensors 5-1 and the fiber bragg temperature sensors 5-2 are filled in the geological analog 2, the acoustic emission sensors 5-3 and the carbon dioxide sensors 5-4 are arranged on the ground surface, and the multiple sensors and the camera shooting device 5-6 are respectively connected to the monitoring control station 5-5. After filling each layer of sensors, data transmission of the monitoring control station 5-5 is tested.

[0057] Specifically, the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal layer 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3, the conglomerate layer 2-4 and the second fine sandstone layer 2-5 are respectively layered by using mica structures.

[0058] Specifically, the fault structure between the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal layer 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3 and the conglomerate layer 2-4 is formed by laying quartz sand, and the inclination angles of the fault structures between the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal layer 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3 and the conglomerate layer 2-4 are the same.

[0059] In the embodiment, each layer is made of cement, sand and gypsum in a specific ratio, and the specific ratio is determined according to the actual strength of the stratum. The quartz sand is used to simulate the geological structure such as the fault, and the thickness of the quartz sand is determined according to the width of the specific geological structure and the similarity ratio. According to different stratum structures, the fault, the fracture and other complex geological structures can be simulated in the geological analog 2 system, and the real reproduction of the underground aquifer is completed through the water injection pipe 4-3.

[0060] In the embodiment, according to different stratum structures, the fault, the fracture and other complex geological structures can be simulated in the geological analog 2 system, and the real simulation of the underground aquifer is completed through the water injection pipe 4-3. The pressure of the underground high-pressure environment can also be simulated, and the change behavior of the fault and other geological structures in the stratum can be directly observed through the organic glass of the outer wall without interfering with the test.

[0061] In summary, the embodiment provides a simulation test device for monitoring fault activity of carbon dioxide storage, which provides a three-dimensional large-size test platform for carbon dioxide storage, sets acoustic emission sensors 5-3 on the surface, sets fiber Bragg strain sensors 5-1 and fiber Bragg temperature sensors 5-2 inside the stratum material, realizes real-time recording and monitoring of the mechanical behavior of the stratum and the change of the environmental thermal state during the carbon dioxide injection and storage process, sets carbon dioxide sensors 5-4 on the ground surface to realize accurate prediction of the carbon dioxide leakage position, and forms a complete monitoring system; in addition, a slide rail 5-7 is arranged outside the test box 1, and the camera shooting device 5-6 can move along the rail 5-7 to realize real-time monitoring of the geological structure change of the test box 1. At the same time, the three-dimensional test platform can reproduce faults, fractures and other geological structures, and truly reproduce underground aquifers, realize real-time observation of mechanical behaviors such as fault slip and sealing change, can improve the accuracy of geological simulation test, and make the test results closer to the situation under natural geological conditions. On a macro scale, the device can simulate geological units such as rocks and fracture networks, and study the flow path and distribution pattern of carbon dioxide in the geological structure according to the change time of the sensors. In addition, through the three-dimensional similar simulation experiment of carbon dioxide storage, the embodiment can better understand the migration and storage mechanism of carbon dioxide in the underground, optimize the carbon dioxide storage strategy, guide the design and implementation of actual storage engineering through the test results, improve the storage efficiency and safety, reduce the risk of carbon dioxide leakage, and reduce the potential impact on the environment and ecological system.

[0062] Embodiment 2

[0063] The embodiment provides a simulation test method for monitoring fault activity of carbon dioxide storage, which is based on the simulation test device for monitoring fault activity of carbon dioxide storage described above, and specifically includes the following processes:

[0064] The first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal seam 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3, the conglomerate layer 2-4 and the second fine sandstone layer 2-5 are laid from the lower layer to the top layer in the test box 1, and the first fine sandstone layer 2-1, the coal seam 2-2, the siltstone layer 2-3 and the conglomerate layer 2-4 are laid in a staggered manner to form a fault structure; at the same time, acoustic emission sensors 5-3 are arranged on the surface, fiber Bragg strain sensors 5-1 and fiber Bragg temperature sensors 5-2 are arranged inside the stratum material, real-time recording and monitoring of the mechanical behavior of the stratum and the change of the environmental thermal state during the carbon dioxide injection and storage process are realized, carbon dioxide sensors 5-4 are arranged on the ground surface to realize accurate prediction of the carbon dioxide leakage position, and a complete monitoring system is formed;

[0065] The formation water in the container 4-1 is injected into the conglomerate layer 2-4 through the water injection pipe 4-3 by the self-suction pump 4-2, then the carbon dioxide gas cylinder 3-1 is opened to make the carbon dioxide enter the low-temperature water bath box 3-2, and when the carbon dioxide is completely changed into liquid, the carbon dioxide is injected into the fault position of the siltstone layer 2-3 through the gas injection pipe 3-4 by the plunger pump 3-3; the camera shooting device 5-6 can move along the track 5-7 to realize real-time monitoring of the geological structure change of the test box 1, and the data shot is fed back to the monitoring control station 5-5, and at the same time, a plurality of sensors feed back strain, temperature, acoustic emission and carbon dioxide leakage data to the monitoring control station 5-5 in real time, to complete the simulation test of carbon dioxide storage fault activity monitoring.

[0066] In summary, the embodiment proposes a simulation test method for carbon dioxide storage fault activity monitoring, which can reproduce the complex geological structure and fluid dynamics behavior in the laboratory environment, predict and evaluate the migration, diffusion and long-term storage effect of carbon dioxide in the underground before the actual storage operation, optimize the storage scheme, improve the storage efficiency, and reduce the potential environmental risk. The method can reproduce the underground formation water environment and truly restore the formation structure. In addition, the device can simulate the actual fault condition of the formation to study the influence of injected carbon dioxide on the underground geological structure, and capture the characteristic information of the formation structure change through the monitoring equipment of the device. If the device can simulate the actual formation structure and underground water environment in three dimensions to monitor the influence of injected carbon dioxide on the geological parameters in real time, it can not only reveal the structural change of the underground geological body under the condition of carbon dioxide injection and capture the characteristic information in real time, but also provide guidance for the actual engineering on site to ensure the efficiency and economy in the actual storage project and optimize the process.

[0067] In the embodiment, different scale geological structures can be simulated to study the migration and storage characteristics of carbon dioxide at different scales. Specifically, at the microscale, the device can simulate the influence of pore structure, cracks and mineral particles of rock on the adsorption, dissolution and diffusion process of carbon dioxide in the underground, and at the macroscale, the device can simulate geological units such as rock layers and fracture networks to study the flow path and distribution pattern of carbon dioxide in the geological structure according to the change time of the sensors;

[0068] Through the three-dimensional similar simulation experiment of carbon dioxide storage, the migration and storage mechanism of carbon dioxide in the underground can be better understood, the carbon dioxide storage strategy can be optimized, the design and implementation of the actual storage project can be guided by the test results, the storage efficiency and safety can be improved, the risk of carbon dioxide leakage can be reduced, and the potential impact on the environment and ecological system can be reduced.

[0069] It should be pointed out finally that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application but not to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments of the present application can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and any modification or equivalent replacement should be covered in the protection scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A simulation test device for monitoring the activity of carbon dioxide storage faults, characterized in that: It includes a test chamber (1), a geological similar body (2), a carbon dioxide injection component (3), a water injection component (4), and a monitoring component (5); The geological similar body (2) is filled in the test box (1), and the geological similar body (2) includes, from the bottom layer to the top layer in the test box (1), a first fine sandstone layer (2-1), a coal seam (2-2), a siltstone layer (2-3), a conglomerate layer (2-4), and a second fine sandstone layer (2-5); the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3), and the conglomerate layer (2-4) are filled in the test box (1) in a dislocated manner to form a fault structure; The carbon dioxide injection assembly (3) and the water injection assembly (4) are respectively located outside the test box (1), and the output end of the carbon dioxide injection assembly (3) is inserted into the fault position of the siltstone layer (2-3); the output end of the water injection assembly (4) is inserted into the conglomerate layer (2-4); The monitoring component (5) includes a monitoring control station (5-5), a shooting component, and a plurality of sensors; the monitoring control station (5-5) is located outside the test box (1), the shooting component is arranged around the outside of the test box (1), and the plurality of sensors are respectively arranged in the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3), the conglomerate layer (2-4), and the second fine sandstone layer (2-5), and the control ends of the plurality of sensors and the shooting component are respectively connected to the monitoring control station (5-5); The test box (1) comprises a plurality of steel frames (1-1); the plurality of steel frames (1-1) are spliced ​​together to form a box frame; the side walls and bottom surface of the box frame are provided with organic glass (1-2) to form a box structure; the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3), the conglomerate layer (2-4), and the second fine sandstone layer (2-5) are laid in the box structure in sequence from the bottom layer to the top layer; The carbon dioxide injection assembly (3) comprises a carbon dioxide gas cylinder (3-1), a low-temperature water bath (3-2), a plunger pump (3-3) and a gas injection pipe (3-4); The output end of the carbon dioxide gas cylinder (3-1) is connected to the input end of a low-temperature water bath (3-2), and the output end of the low-temperature water bath (3-2) is connected to the input end of an air injection pipe (3-4) via a plunger pump (3-3); the output end of the air injection pipe (3-4) is inserted into the fault position of the siltstone layer (2-3); The water injection assembly (4) comprises a container (4-1), a self-priming pump (4-2) and a water injection pipe (4-3); The container (4-1) is filled with formation water, and the output end of the container (4-1) is connected to the input end of the water injection pipe (4-3) via a self-priming pump (4-2); the output end of the water injection pipe (4-3) is inserted into the conglomerate layer (2-4); The shooting component comprises a camera shooting device (5-6) and a slide rail (5-7); The slide rail (5-7) is arranged around the outside of the test box (1); the camera shooting device (5-6) is slidably arranged on the slide rail (5-7) and is used to shoot the test box (1) around by sliding on the slide rail (5-7); The plurality of sensors include a plurality of fiber Bragg grating strain sensors (5-1), a fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor (5-2), an acoustic emission sensor (5-3) and a carbon dioxide sensor (5-4); Multiple groups of fiber Bragg grating strain sensors (5-1) and fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors (5-2) are respectively buried in the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3), the conglomerate layer (2-4) and the second fine sandstone layer (2-5); A plurality of groups of acoustic emission sensors (5-3) and carbon dioxide sensors (5-4) are respectively arranged on the surface of the second fine sandstone layer (2-5).

2. A simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water injection pipe (4-3) includes a first water pipe (4-3-1) and a second water pipe (4-3-2); One end of the first water pipe (4-3-1) is connected to the output end of the container (4-1) via a self-priming pump (4-2), and the other end is communicated with the second water pipe (4-3-2); the second water pipe (4-3-2) is horizontally laid in the gravel layer (2-4); a plurality of output holes (4-3-3) are distributed on the pipe body of the second water pipe (4-3-2).

3. A simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3), the conglomerate layer (2-4) and the second fine sandstone layer (2-5) are respectively layered using a mica structure.

4. A simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault structure between the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3) and the conglomerate layer (2-4) is formed by paving quartz sand, wherein the inclination angles of the fault structure between the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3) and the conglomerate layer (2-4) are the same.

5. A simulation test method for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault, based on a simulation test device for monitoring the activity of a carbon dioxide storage fault according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The simulation test method specifically includes the following process: The first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3), the conglomerate layer (2-4) and the second fine sandstone layer (2-5) are laid from the bottom layer to the top layer in the test box (1), and the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3) and the conglomerate layer (2-4) are laid in a staggered manner to form a fault structure; at the same time, a plurality of sensors are buried in the first fine sandstone layer (2-1), the coal seam (2-2), the siltstone layer (2-3), the conglomerate layer (2-4) and the second fine sandstone layer (2-5) in sequence; After the water injection component (4) injects formation water into the gravel layer (2-4) through the output end, the carbon dioxide is injected into the fault position of the siltstone layer (2-3) through the output end through the carbon dioxide injection component (3); at this time, the shooting component takes pictures around the test box (1) and feeds the captured data back to the monitoring and control station (5-5). At the same time, several sensors feed back strain, temperature, acoustic emission and carbon dioxide leakage data to the monitoring and control station (5-5) in real time, completing the simulation test of carbon dioxide storage fault activity monitoring.

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