Power station digital road network topology dynamic construction method for complex mountain photovoltaic

Abstract

The invention discloses a power station digital road network topology dynamic construction method for complex mountain photovoltaic, and relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power station construction, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining mountain terrain data and shelter data of a target area based on a geographic information system and a remote sensing technology; establishing a digital road network topology model by using the collected data, and simulating photovoltaic array layouts under the conditions of different terrains and shelters; in the digital road network topology model, shielding interference analysis is carried out, and the influence degree of shielding interference on the power station layout is evaluated. According to the power station digital road network topology dynamic construction method for complex mountain photovoltaic, through digital road network topology dynamic construction, the layout of a photovoltaic array is optimized so as to adapt to complex mountain terrains, interference of topographic relief, gradient change and shelter distribution is comprehensively analyzed, the shelter effect is reduced to the maximum extent, and the power station digital road network topology dynamic construction method has the advantages that the power station digital road network topology dynamic construction method is suitable for the complex mountain terrains; therefore, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic array is improved, and a photovoltaic power station is always kept in a high-efficiency operation state.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power station construction, and in particular to a method for dynamically constructing a digital road network topology of a photovoltaic power station in complex mountainous areas. Background Art

[0002] In mountainous areas, the land resources available for the construction of photovoltaic power stations are relatively limited. In addition, due to the undulating mountain terrain and different slopes and directions, the layout and orientation of the photovoltaic array need to be more precise, which brings great challenges to the planning and construction of photovoltaic power stations. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the layout and orientation of the photovoltaic array to ensure that the photovoltaic modules can receive solar radiation to the maximum extent and improve the power generation efficiency. The digital road network topology dynamic construction technology can be used to realize the flexible layout of the photovoltaic array according to the terrain and orientation of the mountain, thereby providing strong support for the operation and maintenance management of the photovoltaic power station.

[0003] In mountain photovoltaic power stations, due to the undulating complex mountain terrain, photovoltaic arrays are easily blocked from each other, and trees in the mountains and forests will also block the photovoltaic arrays, resulting in a decrease in power generation efficiency. Therefore, how to comprehensively consider the problem of blocking interference when constructing the digital road network topology and dynamically construct the power station layout is the problem we need to solve. To this end, a dynamic construction method of digital road network topology for complex mountain photovoltaic power stations is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A method for dynamically constructing a digital road network topology for complex mountain photovoltaic power stations, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: Based on geographic information system and remote sensing technology, measure the complex mountain terrain and investigate the trees in the mountains and forests to obtain the mountain terrain data and obstruction data of the target area;

[0006] Step 2: Use the collected data to establish a digital road network topology model to simulate the layout of photovoltaic arrays under different terrain and obstruction conditions;

[0007] Step 3: Perform shielding interference analysis in the digital road network topology model to evaluate the impact of shielding interference on the power station layout;

[0008] Step 4: Optimize the layout of the photovoltaic array according to the results of the shading interference analysis;

[0009] Step 5: Based on the optimized PV array layout, construct the digital road network topology of the power station and adjust the road network topology to adapt to terrain changes and the optimized layout of the PV array.

[0010] Preferably, in step 1, the process of acquiring the mountain terrain data and the obstruction data of the target area includes:

[0011] Collect the geographical location, longitude and latitude range, topographic and geomorphic characteristics of the target area, and obtain existing topographic maps and remote sensing image basic data;

[0012] Use drones equipped with high-resolution cameras to take aerial photos of the target area, interpret and digitize the acquired aerial photos, and generate digital elevation models and digital ground models;

[0013] GIS software is used to analyze digital elevation model data, extract mountain terrain features, and correct, enhance, and classify remote sensing images, interpret remote sensing images, and extract information about obstructions, providing a basis for subsequent assessment of the potential obstruction effects of trees on photovoltaic arrays;

[0014] Register and fuse remote sensing image data with existing topographic maps and map data, establish a spatial database, and store and manage terrain and obstruction data;

[0015] Through remote sensing images and GIS data, mountain and forest tree obstructions are identified from the extracted obstruction information, and classified and coded according to the type, height, and density information of the obstructions, and the impact of the obstructions on terrain measurement is analyzed.

[0016] Preferably, in step 2, the simulation process of photovoltaic array layout under different terrain and shielding conditions includes:

[0017] Integrate the collected mountain terrain data and obstruction data to ensure that the data format and coordinate system are consistent for subsequent analysis and modeling. Use the smoothing tool in the GIS software to smooth the mountain terrain data, eliminate noise and outliers, and vectorize the obstruction data to convert it into point, line, and surface features recognized by GIS.

[0018] Use the slope analysis tool in the GIS software to process the mountain terrain data, obtain information on terrain undulations and slope changes, and superimpose the obstruction data on the terrain data to analyze the impact of the distribution of obstructions on the road network design, identify the obstruction areas that need to be avoided or detoured, and then integrate the information on terrain undulations, slope changes and obstruction distribution to design the road network layout, ensure that the road network can smoothly connect various photovoltaic array areas, and reduce the impact of terrain and obstructions on the photovoltaic array layout;

[0019] Use the topology building tools in the GIS software to build a digital road network topology model based on the road network layout design results, ensure that the nodes, line segments and regional elements in the model have the correct topological relationship, and use the verification tools in the GIS software to verify the established digital road network topology model to ensure that it conforms to the actual terrain and obstruction conditions;

[0020] According to the digital road network topology model and mountainous terrain and obstruction conditions, the orientation, inclination and spacing factors of the photovoltaic array are comprehensively analyzed, and the layout plan of the photovoltaic array is designed to ensure that it can receive sunlight to the maximum extent and reduce the impact of obstruction.

[0021] Preferably, in step 3, the process of evaluating the degree of influence of shielding interference on the power station layout includes:

[0022] According to the height, shape and location information of the shielding object, a three-dimensional model is built in space for shielding analysis, and 9-15 o'clock in a day is determined as the analysis period range. Then, the position parameters of the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle are set according to the geographical location to simulate the solar radiation conditions at different time points;

[0023] Use the shading analysis tool in the GIS software to perform shading analysis based on the shading object data and the sun position parameters, and calculate the shading factor of each photovoltaic array area, which indicates the proportion of the photovoltaic array that is shaded. The shading factor is an important indicator for evaluating the degree of shading interference, and its value ranges from 0 (no shading) to 1 (complete shading);

[0024] Combined with the calculation results of the shielding factor, the weights of multiple factors such as shielding area, shielding time and shielding factor are comprehensively considered to calculate the shielding interference index of each photovoltaic array area. The higher the shielding interference index, the more serious the shielding interference degree of the area.

[0025] Analyze and calculate the shielding interference index, evaluate the impact of shielding interference on the power station layout, and identify the areas and time periods that are severely affected by shielding interference.

[0026] Preferably, the calculation process of the shielding factor of each photovoltaic array area is:

[0027] Obtain the coordinates, area and tilt angle of the photovoltaic array area, and obtain the coordinates, height, shape and orientation of the obstruction, and determine the changes in the solar altitude and azimuth during the analysis period;

[0028] For each photovoltaic array area i, initialize the shading factor F i = 0, for each obstruction j, initialize its projection area A on the photovoltaic array area i ij =0;

[0029] For each photovoltaic array area i and each obstruction j, the projection area A of the obstruction on the photovoltaic array is calculated according to the shape, height and tilt angle of the obstruction. ij ;

[0030] For each PV array region i and each obstruction j, the solar incident angle θ is calculated using trigonometric functions according to the solar altitude and azimuth, as well as the relative position of the obstruction and the PV array.ij ;

[0031] For each occluder j, calculate its height H j With reference height H ref The ratio of the solar altitude to the height of the shading object is calculated by applying the adjustment factor α to calculate the standardized height. For each PV array area i and each shading object j, the time difference Δt from the maximum solar altitude angle to the shading caused by the shading object is calculated. ij , using the decay coefficient b and the total length of the analysis period in a day T, calculate the time decay factor

[0032] For each photovoltaic array region i, according to the projected area A ij , solar incident angle Δt ij , normalized height ratio and time attenuation factor, calculate the shading contribution of obstruction j to the area, add up the shading contributions of all obstructions, and divide by the area A of the photovoltaic array area i , get the preliminary occlusion factor value;

[0033] Use the min(1, ) function to ensure that the shading factor value is between 0 and 1, and output the shading factor F for each photovoltaic array area. i .

[0034] Preferably, the calculation expression of the occlusion factor is:

[0035]

[0036] Among them, F i is the shading factor of the ith photovoltaic array area, N is the number of shading objects, and A ij is the projection area of ​​the jth obstruction on the i-th photovoltaic array area, θ ij is the solar incident angle of the jth obstruction relative to the i-th photovoltaic array area (i.e., the angle between the sun's rays and the line connecting the obstruction to the photovoltaic array), H j is the height of the jth occluder, H ref is the reference height, which is used to standardize the height of the occluder. α is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to adjust the influence of the height of the occluder on the occlusion factor. i is the area of ​​the ith photovoltaic array region, b is the attenuation coefficient, which is used to adjust the effect of the change in the sun's position on the shading factor, Δt ij is the time difference (in hours) from the maximum solar altitude (i.e. noon) to the time when the jth obstruction blocks the i-th photovoltaic array area, T is the total length of the analysis period in a day (from 9:00 to 15:00, a total of 6 hours), and F i The value range is between 0 and 1.

[0037] Preferably, the calculation process of the occlusion interference index is:

[0038] Extract the shading factor F of each shading object on each photovoltaic array area ij , for each photovoltaic array area i, initialize the shading interference index I i = 0, for each obstruction j, initialize its projection area A on the photovoltaic array area i ij =0, and then determine the weight coefficient w of the occlusion area, occlusion time and occlusion factor A 、w B 、w C , and ensure that w A +w B +w C =1;

[0039] For each photovoltaic array area i and each obstruction j, according to the projected area A ij , time difference Δt ij , occlusion factor F ij And the weight coefficient w A 、w B 、w C , calculate the contribution of occluder j to the occlusion interference index of the area;

[0040] Calculate area ratio The square of the time ratio and the square of the occlusion factor (F ij ) 2 , multiply the calculated result by the corresponding weight coefficient, and take the square root of the sum within the square root;

[0041] For each photovoltaic array region i, the contributions of the shielding interference indexes of all shielding objects are added together, and the result obtained is the shielding interference index of the photovoltaic array region.

[0042] Preferably, the calculation expression of the occlusion interference index is:

[0043]

[0044] Among them, I i is the shading interference index of the ith photovoltaic array area, N is the number of shading objects, and w A is the weight coefficient of the occlusion area, w B is the weight coefficient of occlusion time, w C is the weight of the occlusion factor (i.e., the weight of the occlusion degree), A ij is the projection area of ​​the jth obstruction on the i-th photovoltaic array area, A i is the area of ​​the ith photovoltaic array region, Δt ijis the time difference from the maximum solar altitude angle to the time when the jth obstruction causes shading to the i-th photovoltaic array area, T is the total length of the analysis period in a day, and F ij is the shading factor of the jth shading object on the i-th photovoltaic array area, I i The value range is between 0 and 1.

[0045] Preferably, in step 4, the process of optimizing the photovoltaic array layout includes:

[0046] Collect the planned power generation efficiency data of the photovoltaic power station, combine it with the calculated shielding interference index, analyze the shielding situation of the photovoltaic array in different time periods, and then identify the areas and time periods with serious shielding interference;

[0047] Develop specific optimization measures for areas and time periods with severe shading interference, comprehensively analyze the shading interference results, and adjust the arrangement and spacing of PV panels to reduce the shading effect;

[0048] According to the results of terrain, landform and shading analysis, the layout of the photovoltaic array is optimized. For mountainous or sloping terrain, an inclined layout is adopted to better receive solar radiation. For flat terrain, a flat layout or a dual-axis tracking layout is adopted to improve power generation efficiency. According to the latitude and seasonal changes of the target area, the inclination and orientation of the photovoltaic array are adjusted to ensure that the photovoltaic modules can receive solar radiation to the greatest extent and reduce shading interference caused by improper inclination.

[0049] Preferably, in step 5, the process of adjusting the road network topology includes:

[0050] Integrate mountain terrain data and optimized photovoltaic array layout data, design digital road network topology, and use 3D modeling technology to establish a digital model of the photovoltaic power station. The digital model of the photovoltaic power station includes mountain terrain, photovoltaic arrays, and road network topology elements. Through the digital model of the photovoltaic power station, the layout and road network of the photovoltaic power station can be intuitively displayed;

[0051] Analyze the layout of the photovoltaic array and the mountainous terrain based on the digital model of the photovoltaic power station, and then formulate a road network topology adjustment strategy. The adjustment strategy includes adding or reducing road network nodes, adjusting road network paths, and optimizing operation and maintenance channels to ensure that the adjusted road network topology can better adapt to terrain changes and the optimized layout of the photovoltaic array;

[0052] Update and adjust the digital road network topology according to the formulated adjustment strategy, verify and optimize the adjusted digital road network topology through simulation operation, and evaluate whether the adjusted road network topology meets the requirements;

[0053] Based on the evaluation results, the PV power station is further optimized and improved, and the optimized final road network topology and PV array layout are applied to the construction of the PV power station.

[0054] The present invention provides a method for dynamically constructing digital road network topology of power stations for complex mountain photovoltaics. It has the following beneficial effects:

[0055] 1. This method of dynamically constructing digital road network topology for complex mountain photovoltaic power stations optimizes the layout of photovoltaic arrays through dynamic construction of digital road network topology to adapt to complex mountain terrain, comprehensively analyzes the interference of terrain undulations, slope changes and distribution of obstructions, minimizes the obstruction effect, thereby improving the power generation efficiency of photovoltaic arrays and ensuring that photovoltaic power stations always maintain efficient operation.

[0056] 2. This method of dynamically constructing the digital road network topology of power stations for complex mountain photovoltaic power plants uses digital technology to analyze the optimal layout of photovoltaic arrays to maximize the amount of solar radiation received, which can reduce the loss of power generation efficiency caused by terrain undulations and obstructions, improve land utilization, reduce the demand for on-site operation and maintenance personnel, and reduce operation and maintenance costs. In addition, through digital simulation and optimization, potential problems can be predicted and solved during the design and construction stages of power stations, reducing rework and delays, and reducing construction costs. It can also help designers better understand terrain and environmental factors, optimize power station layout, and improve design quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] Figure 1 A method flow chart of a method for dynamically constructing a digital road network topology for complex mountain photovoltaic power stations according to the present invention;

[0058] Figure 2 This is a flow chart of the present invention for evaluating the degree of influence of shielding interference on power station layout;

[0059] Figure 3 Flow chart for optimizing photovoltaic array layout according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention are provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the present invention to the disclosed forms. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments are selected and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical applications of the present invention, and to enable those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the present invention and thereby design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for specific uses.

[0061] The first embodiment, as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for dynamically constructing a digital road network topology of a power station for complex mountain photovoltaic power generation, comprising the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Based on geographic information system and remote sensing technology, measure the complex mountain terrain and investigate the trees in the mountains and forests, obtain the mountain terrain data and obstruction data of the target area, collect the geographical location, longitude and latitude range, terrain and geomorphic characteristics of the target area, and obtain the existing topographic map and remote sensing image basic data. Use drones equipped with high-resolution cameras to take aerial photos of the target area, interpret and digitize the acquired aerial photos, generate digital elevation models and digital ground models, use GIS software to analyze the digital elevation model data, and extract mountain terrain data. The remote sensing images are interpreted to extract information about obstructions, which provides a basis for the subsequent assessment of the potential obstruction of trees on photovoltaic arrays. The remote sensing image data is registered and integrated with the existing topographic maps and map data, and a spatial database is established to store and manage terrain and obstruction data. Through remote sensing images and GIS data, mountain and forest tree obstructions are identified from the extracted obstruction information, and classified and coded according to the type, height, and density of the obstructions, and the degree of influence of the obstructions on terrain measurement is analyzed.

[0063] Step 2: Use the collected data to establish a digital road network topology model, simulate the layout of photovoltaic arrays under different terrain and obstruction conditions, integrate the collected mountain terrain data and obstruction data, ensure that the data format and coordinate system are consistent for subsequent analysis and modeling, and use the smoothing tool in the GIS software to smooth the mountain terrain data to eliminate noise and outliers. Vectorize the obstruction data and convert it into point, line, and surface elements recognized by GIS. Smoothing helps to generate a more continuous and accurate terrain surface, providing a basis for subsequent slope and aspect analysis. Vectorization allows obstruction data to be spatially analyzed and modeled in GIS. Use the slope analysis tool in the GIS software to process the mountain terrain data, obtain information on terrain undulations and slope changes, and overlay the obstruction data on the terrain data to analyze the obstruction. The impact of the distribution of objects on the road network design is identified, and the areas of obstructions that need to be avoided or detoured are identified. Then, the road network layout is designed based on the information of terrain undulations, slope changes, and the distribution of obstructions to ensure that the road network can smoothly connect the various photovoltaic array areas, while reducing the impact of terrain and obstructions on the layout of photovoltaic arrays. The topology construction tool in the GIS software is used to establish a digital road network topology model based on the road network layout design results to ensure that the nodes, line segments, and regional elements in the model have the correct topological relationship. The established digital road network topology model is verified using the verification tool in the GIS software to ensure that it conforms to the actual terrain and obstruction conditions. Based on the digital road network topology model and the mountainous terrain and obstruction conditions, the orientation, inclination, and spacing factors of the photovoltaic array are comprehensively analyzed to design a layout plan for the photovoltaic array to ensure that it can receive sunlight to the maximum extent and reduce the impact of obstructions.

[0064] Step 3: In the digital road network topology model, perform shielding interference analysis to evaluate the impact of shielding interference on the layout of the power station. According to the height, shape, and location information of the shielding object, perform three-dimensional modeling in space for shielding analysis, and determine 9-15 o'clock in a day as the analysis period range, and then set the position parameters of the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle according to the geographical location to simulate the solar radiation at different time points. Use the shielding analysis tool in the GIS software to perform shielding analysis according to the shielding object data and the solar position parameters, and calculate the shielding factor of each photovoltaic array area, which indicates the proportion of the photovoltaic array being shielded. The shielding factor is an important indicator for evaluating the degree of shielding interference, and its value ranges from 0 (no shielding) to 1 (complete shielding). Combined with the calculation results of the shielding factor, the weights of multiple factors such as shielding area, shielding time, and shielding factor are combined to calculate the shielding interference index of each photovoltaic array area. The higher the shielding interference index, the more serious the shielding interference degree of the area. Analyze the calculated shielding interference index, evaluate the impact of shielding interference on the layout of the power station, and identify the areas and time periods that are seriously affected by shielding interference.

[0065] Furthermore, the calculation process of the shading factor of each photovoltaic array area is:

[0066] Obtain the coordinates, area and tilt angle of the photovoltaic array area, and obtain the coordinates, height, shape and orientation of the obstruction, and determine the changes in the solar altitude and azimuth during the analysis period;

[0067] For each photovoltaic array area i, initialize the shading factor F i = 0, for each obstruction j, initialize its projection area A on the photovoltaic array area i ij =0;

[0068] For each photovoltaic array area i and each obstruction j, the projection area A of the obstruction on the photovoltaic array is calculated according to the shape, height and tilt angle of the obstruction. ij ;

[0069] For each PV array region i and each obstruction j, the solar incident angle θ is calculated using trigonometric functions according to the solar altitude and azimuth, as well as the relative position of the obstruction and the PV array. ij ;

[0070] For each occluder j, calculate its height H j With reference height H ref The ratio of the solar altitude to the height of the shading object is calculated by applying the adjustment factor α to calculate the standardized height. For each PV array area i and each shading object j, the time difference Δt from the maximum solar altitude angle to the shading caused by the shading object is calculated. ii, using the decay coefficient b and the total length of the analysis period in a day T, calculate the time decay factor

[0071] For each photovoltaic array region i, according to the projected area A ij , solar incident angle Δt ij , normalized height ratio and time attenuation factor, calculate the shading contribution of obstruction j to the area, add up the shading contributions of all obstructions, and divide by the area A of the photovoltaic array area i , get the preliminary occlusion factor value;

[0072] Use the min(1, ) function to ensure that the shading factor value is between 0 and 1, and output the shading factor F for each photovoltaic array area. i ;

[0073] The calculation expression of the occlusion factor is:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, F i is the shading factor of the ith photovoltaic array area, N is the number of shading objects, and A ij is the projection area of ​​the jth obstruction on the i-th photovoltaic array area, θ ij is the solar incident angle of the jth obstruction relative to the i-th photovoltaic array area (i.e., the angle between the sun's rays and the line connecting the obstruction to the photovoltaic array), H j is the height of the jth occluder, H ref is the reference height, which is used to standardize the height of the occluder. α is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to adjust the influence of the height of the occluder on the occlusion factor. i is the area of ​​the ith photovoltaic array region, b is the attenuation coefficient, which is used to adjust the effect of the change in the sun's position on the shading factor, Δt ij is the time difference (in hours) from the maximum solar altitude (i.e. noon) to the time when the jth obstruction blocks the i-th photovoltaic array area, T is the total length of the analysis period in a day (from 9:00 to 15:00, a total of 6 hours), and F i The value range is between 0 and 1. When the number of occluders N increases, F i tends to increase, because more obstructions will increase the area of ​​the photovoltaic array that is blocked. When the solar incident angle θ ij When F increases (i.e. the angle between the sun's rays and the line connecting the obstruction to the photovoltaic array increases), F i tends to decrease, because the sunlight is less likely to be blocked. j When F increases i tends to increase, because higher obstructions are more likely to block sunlight. When the adjustment coefficient α increases, Fi The sensitivity to the height of the occluder increases as the attenuation coefficient b increases, and as time goes by (i.e., Δt ij Increase), F i tends to decrease because changes in the sun's position may cause the obstruction to no longer block the sun's rays;

[0076] Furthermore, the calculation process of the occlusion interference index is:

[0077] Extract the shading factor F of each shading object on each photovoltaic array area ij , for each photovoltaic array area i, initialize the shading interference index I i = 0, for each obstruction j, initialize its projection area A on the photovoltaic array area i ij =0, and then determine the weight coefficient w of the occlusion area, occlusion time and occlusion factor A 、w B 、w C , and ensure that w A +w B +w C =1;

[0078] For each photovoltaic array area i and each obstruction j, according to the projected area A ij , time difference Δt ij , occlusion factor F ij And the weight coefficient w A 、w B 、w C , calculate the contribution of occluder j to the occlusion interference index of the area;

[0079] Calculate area ratio The square of the time ratio and the square of the occlusion factor (F ij ) 2 , multiply the calculated result by the corresponding weight coefficient, and take the square root of the sum within the square root;

[0080] For each photovoltaic array area i, the contributions of the shading interference index of all obstructions are added together, and the result is the shading interference index of the photovoltaic array area;

[0081] The calculation expression of the occlusion interference index is:

[0082]

[0083] Among them, I i is the shading interference index of the ith photovoltaic array area, N is the number of shading objects, and w A is the weight coefficient of the occlusion area, w B is the weight coefficient of occlusion time, w Cis the weight of the occlusion factor (i.e., the weight of the occlusion degree), A ij is the projection area of ​​the jth obstruction on the i-th photovoltaic array area, A i is the area of ​​the ith photovoltaic array region, Δt ij is the time difference from the maximum solar altitude angle to the time when the jth obstruction causes shading to the i-th photovoltaic array area, T is the total length of the analysis period in a day, and F ij is the shading factor of the jth shading object on the i-th photovoltaic array area, I i The value range is between 0 and 1. ij When I increases, i tends to increase, because a larger shading area means more light energy loss. ij When extended, I i It also tends to increase, because long-term shading will have a greater impact on the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic array. ij When deepening (i.e. the occlusion factor increases), I j It also tends to increase because deeper shading results in less light reaching the PV array.

[0084] Step 4: Optimize the layout of the photovoltaic array according to the results of the shading interference analysis;

[0085] Step 5: Based on the optimized PV array layout, construct the digital road network topology of the power station and adjust the road network topology to adapt to terrain changes and the optimized layout of the PV array.

[0086] The second embodiment is based on the first embodiment. Figure 3 As shown, in step 4, the process of optimizing the photovoltaic array layout includes:

[0087] Collect the planned power generation efficiency data of the photovoltaic power station, combine it with the calculated shielding interference index, analyze the shielding situation of the photovoltaic array in different time periods, and then identify the areas and time periods with serious shielding interference. For the areas and time periods with serious shielding interference, formulate specific optimization measures, comprehensively analyze the shielding interference analysis results, adjust the arrangement and spacing of photovoltaic modules to reduce the shielding effect, and optimize the layout of the photovoltaic array according to the terrain, landform and shielding analysis results. For mountainous or sloping terrain, adopt an inclined layout to better receive solar radiation. For flat terrain, adopt a flat layout or a dual-axis tracking layout to improve power generation efficiency. According to the latitude and seasonal changes of the target area, adjust the inclination and orientation of the photovoltaic array to ensure that the photovoltaic modules can receive solar radiation to the greatest extent and reduce shielding interference caused by improper inclination;

[0088] In step 5, the process of adjusting the road network topology includes:

[0089] Integrate mountain terrain data and optimized photovoltaic array layout data, design digital road network topology, and use three-dimensional modeling technology to establish a digital model of the photovoltaic power station. The digital model of the photovoltaic power station includes mountain terrain, photovoltaic array, and road network topology elements. The layout and road network of the photovoltaic power station are intuitively displayed through the digital model of the photovoltaic power station. The layout of the photovoltaic array and the mountain terrain are analyzed based on the digital model of the photovoltaic power station, and then the road network topology adjustment strategy is formulated. The adjustment strategy includes adding or reducing road network nodes, adjusting road network paths, and optimizing operation and maintenance channels to ensure that the adjusted road network topology can better adapt to terrain changes and the optimized layout of photovoltaic arrays. According to the formulated adjustment strategy, the digital road network topology is updated and adjusted. The adjusted digital road network topology is verified and optimized by means of simulation operation, and it is evaluated whether the adjusted road network topology meets the requirements. According to the evaluation results, the photovoltaic power station is further optimized and improved, and the optimized final road network topology and photovoltaic array layout are applied to the construction of the photovoltaic power station.

[0090] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field and related fields without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. The structures, devices and operating methods not specifically described and explained in the present invention are implemented according to the conventional means in the field unless otherwise specified and limited.

Claims

1. A method for dynamically constructing digital road network topology of power stations for complex mountain photovoltaics, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Based on geographic information system and remote sensing technology, obtain mountain terrain data and obstruction data of the target area; Step 2: Use the collected data to establish a digital road network topology model to simulate the layout of photovoltaic arrays under different terrain and obstruction conditions; Step 3: Perform shielding interference analysis in the digital road network topology model to evaluate the impact of shielding interference on the power station layout; Step 4: Optimize the layout of the photovoltaic array according to the results of the shading interference analysis; Step 5: Based on the optimized PV array layout, construct the digital network topology of the power station and adjust the network topology.

2. According to claim 1, a method for dynamically constructing a digital road network topology for complex mountain photovoltaic power stations is characterized by: In step 1, the process of acquiring the mountain terrain data and the obstruction data of the target area includes: Collect the geographical location, longitude and latitude range, topographic and geomorphic characteristics of the target area, and obtain existing topographic maps and remote sensing image basic data; Use drones equipped with high-resolution cameras to take aerial photos of the target area, interpret and digitize the acquired aerial photos, and generate digital elevation models and digital ground models; Use GIS software to analyze digital elevation model data, extract mountain terrain features, correct, enhance and classify remote sensing images, and interpret remote sensing images to extract obstruction information; Register and fuse remote sensing image data with existing topographic maps and map data, establish a spatial database, and store and manage terrain and obstruction data; Through remote sensing images and GIS data, mountain and forest tree obstructions are identified from the extracted obstruction information, and classified and coded according to the type, height, and density information of the obstructions, and the impact of the obstructions on terrain measurement is analyzed.

3. According to claim 2, a method for dynamically constructing a digital road network topology for complex mountain photovoltaic power stations is characterized by: In step 2, the simulation process of photovoltaic array layout under different terrain and obstruction conditions includes: Integrate the collected mountain terrain data and obstruction data, and use the smoothing tool in the GIS software to smooth the mountain terrain data, eliminate noise and outliers, and vectorize the obstruction data to convert it into point, line, and surface elements recognized by GIS; Use the slope analysis tool in GIS software to process mountain terrain data, obtain information on terrain undulations and slope changes, and overlay obstruction data on terrain data to analyze the impact of obstruction distribution on road network design, identify obstruction areas that need to be avoided or detoured, and then design road network layout based on information on terrain undulations, slope changes, and obstruction distribution; Use the topology building tools in the GIS software to establish a digital road network topology model based on the road network layout design results, and use the verification tools in the GIS software to verify the established digital road network topology model; According to the digital road network topology model and mountainous terrain and obstruction conditions, the orientation, inclination and spacing factors of the photovoltaic array are comprehensively analyzed to design the layout plan of the photovoltaic array.

4. According to claim 3, a method for dynamically constructing a digital road network topology for complex mountain photovoltaic power stations is characterized by: In step 3, the process of evaluating the degree of influence of shielding interference on the power station layout includes: According to the height, shape and location information of the shielding object, a three-dimensional model is built in space for shielding analysis, and 9-15 o'clock in a day is determined as the analysis period range. Then, the position parameters of the solar altitude angle and azimuth angle are set according to the geographical location to simulate the solar radiation conditions at different time points; Use the shading analysis tool in the GIS software to perform shading analysis based on the shading object data and the sun position parameters, and calculate the shading factor of each photovoltaic array area, which represents the proportion of the photovoltaic array that is shaded; Combined with the calculation results of the shielding factor, the weights of multiple factors including shielding area, shielding time and shielding factor are comprehensively considered to calculate the shielding interference index of each photovoltaic array area; Analyze and calculate the shielding interference index, evaluate the impact of shielding interference on the power station layout, and identify the areas and time periods that are severely affected by shielding interference.

5. According to claim 4, a method for dynamically constructing a digital road network topology for complex mountain photovoltaic power stations is characterized by: The calculation process of the shielding factor of each photovoltaic array area is: Obtain the coordinates, area and tilt angle of the photovoltaic array area, and obtain the coordinates, height, shape and orientation of the obstruction, and determine the changes in the solar altitude and azimuth during the analysis period; For each photovoltaic array area i, initialize the shading factor F i = 0, for each obstruction j, initialize its projection area A on the photovoltaic array area i ij =0; For each photovoltaic array area i and each obstruction j, the projection area A of the obstruction on the photovoltaic array is calculated according to the shape, height and tilt angle of the obstruction. ij ; For each PV array region i and each obstruction j, the solar incident angle θ is calculated using trigonometric functions according to the solar altitude and azimuth, as well as the relative position of the obstruction and the PV array. ij ; For each occluder j, calculate its height H j With reference height H ref The ratio of the solar altitude to the height of the shading object is calculated by applying the adjustment factor α to calculate the standardized height. For each PV array area i and each shading object j, the time difference Δt from the maximum solar altitude angle to the shading caused by the shading object is calculated. ij , using the decay coefficient b and the total length of the analysis period in a day T, calculate the time decay factor For each photovoltaic array region i, according to the projected area A ij , solar incident angle Δt ij , normalized height ratio and time attenuation factor, calculate the shading contribution of obstruction j to the area, add up the shading contributions of all obstructions, and divide by the area A of the photovoltaic array area i , get the preliminary occlusion factor value; Use the min(1, ) function to ensure that the shading factor value is between 0 and 1, and output the shading factor F for each photovoltaic array area. i .

6. According to claim 5, a method for dynamically constructing a digital road network topology for complex mountain photovoltaic power stations is characterized by: The calculation expression of the occlusion factor is: Among them, F i is the shading factor of the ith photovoltaic array area, N is the number of shading objects, and A ij is the projection area of ​​the jth obstruction on the i-th photovoltaic array area, θ ij is the solar incident angle of the jth obstruction relative to the i-th PV array area, H j is the height of the jth occluder, H ref is the reference height, which is used to standardize the height of the occluder. α is the adjustment coefficient, which is used to adjust the influence of the height of the occluder on the occlusion factor. i is the area of ​​the ith photovoltaic array region, b is the attenuation coefficient, which is used to adjust the effect of the change in the sun's position on the shading factor, Δt ij is the time difference from the maximum solar altitude angle to the time when the jth obstruction blocks the i-th photovoltaic array area, T is the total length of the analysis period in a day, from 9:00 to 15:00, a total of 6 hours, and F i The value range is between 0 and 1.

7. The method for dynamically constructing digital road network topology of a power station for complex mountain photovoltaic power generation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The calculation process of the occlusion interference index is: Extract the shading factor F of each shading object on each photovoltaic array area ij , for each photovoltaic array area i, initialize the shading interference index I i = 0, for each obstruction j, initialize its projection area A on the photovoltaic array area i ij =0, and then determine the weight coefficient w of the occlusion area, occlusion time and occlusion factor a 、w B 、w C , and ensure that w A +w B +w C =1; For each photovoltaic array area i and each obstruction j, according to the projected area A ij , time difference Δt ij , occlusion factor F ij And the weight coefficient w A 、w B 、w C , calculate the contribution of occluder j to the occlusion interference index of the area; Calculate area ratio The square of the time ratio and the square of the occlusion factor (F ij ) 2 , multiply the calculated result by the corresponding weight coefficient, and take the square root of the sum within the square root; For each photovoltaic array region i, the contributions of the shielding interference indexes of all shielding objects are added together, and the result obtained is the shielding interference index of the photovoltaic array region.

8. The method for dynamically constructing digital road network topology of a power station for complex mountain photovoltaic power generation according to claim 7, characterized in that: The calculation expression of the occlusion interference index is: Among them, I i is the shading interference index of the ith photovoltaic array area, N is the number of shading objects, and w A is the weight coefficient of the occlusion area, w B is the weight coefficient of occlusion time, w C is the weight of the occlusion factor, A ij is the projection area of ​​the jth obstruction on the i-th photovoltaic array area, A i is the area of ​​the ith photovoltaic array region, Δt ij is the time difference from the maximum solar altitude angle to the time when the jth obstruction causes shading to the i-th photovoltaic array area, T is the total length of the analysis period in a day, and F ij is the shading factor of the jth shading object on the i-th photovoltaic array area, I i The value range is between 0 and 1.

9. The method for dynamically constructing digital road network topology for complex mountain photovoltaic power stations according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step 4, the process of optimizing the photovoltaic array layout includes: Collect the planned power generation efficiency data of the photovoltaic power station, combine it with the calculated shielding interference index, analyze the shielding situation of the photovoltaic array in different time periods, and then identify the areas and time periods with serious shielding interference; Develop specific optimization measures for areas and time periods with severe shading interference, and adjust the arrangement and spacing of PV panels based on the analysis results of shading interference; According to the results of terrain, landform and shading analysis, the layout of the photovoltaic array is optimized. For mountainous or sloping terrain, an inclined layout is adopted to receive solar radiation. For flat terrain, a flat layout or dual-axis tracking layout is adopted. The inclination and orientation of the photovoltaic array are adjusted according to the latitude and seasonal changes of the target area.

10. The method for dynamically constructing digital road network topology of a power station for complex mountain photovoltaic power generation according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step 5, the process of adjusting the road network topology includes: Integrate mountain terrain data and optimized photovoltaic array layout data, design digital road network topology, and use 3D modeling technology to establish a digital model of the photovoltaic power station. The digital model of the photovoltaic power station includes mountain terrain, photovoltaic arrays, and road network topology elements; Analyze the layout of the photovoltaic array and the mountainous terrain based on the digital model of the photovoltaic power station, and then formulate a road network topology adjustment strategy, which includes adding or reducing road network nodes, adjusting road network paths, and optimizing operation and maintenance channels; Update and adjust the digital road network topology according to the formulated adjustment strategy, verify and optimize the adjusted digital road network topology through simulation operation, and evaluate whether the adjusted road network topology meets the requirements; Based on the evaluation results, the PV power station is further optimized and improved, and the optimized final road network topology and PV array layout are applied to the construction of the PV power station.

Images