A forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite internet of things technology

Abstract

The application provides a forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology, which comprises a fire early warning terminal and an emergency management early warning platform; the fire early warning terminal comprises a detection module, a satellite communication module and a power module; wherein the detection module comprises a smoke sensing element and a temperature sensing element, which are used for triggering a detection module early warning signal when the external environment reaches a preset triggering condition of the detection module; the satellite communication module directly sends the triggered detection module early warning signal to a transit Internet of Things satellite, the Internet of Things satellite further transmits the data to a satellite ground station, and the data center transmits the data to the emergency management early warning platform; after obtaining the early warning signal from the fire early warning terminal, the management center sends a UAV to the early warning fire location to confirm the fire condition, and determines the fire grade according to the fire condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forest fire early warning and monitoring technology, and in particular to a forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology. Background Technology

[0002] Forest fires pose a serious threat to the ecological environment, biodiversity, and human life and property. Traditional forest fire monitoring methods have limitations in terms of poor communication signal coverage and real-time performance in large forest areas. Forest fire early warning devices and systems based on satellite Internet of Things (IoT) technology can utilize the wide coverage of satellites and real-time signal transmission to achieve early warning of forest fires, effectively reducing the damage caused by fires.

[0003] Chinese Patent Publication No. CN117237644B discloses a method and system for detecting residual forest fires based on infrared small target detection. The method includes: acquiring and preprocessing forest infrared imaging datasets via airborne and satellite systems; secondly, improving the DCNN based on a semantic segmentation model with an encoding-decoding structure, proposing an AFPN module to fuse features at multiple scales while retaining feature information at different depth levels; thirdly, inputting the image features output by the encoder into the decoder to balance low-dimensional and high-dimensional features and reconstruct the predicted binarized image; and finally, evaluating the semantic segmentation results based on test data, calculating cross-entropy, optimizing model parameters, and obtaining the final recognition result.

[0004] However, the aforementioned technical solution has problems such as the difficulty in distinguishing the airborne system from the background or similar targets due to the long distance between the airborne system and the satellite system, and the high requirements for detection accuracy, which have a certain impact on the recognition results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention aims to at least solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, such as the inability to provide timely early warnings for forest fires caused by spontaneous combustion and lightning strikes, or the reduced accuracy and real-time performance of early warnings due to the complexity of existing equipment, high investment and operating costs, low reliability, and high maintenance requirements. In particular, it innovatively proposes a forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology.

[0006] To achieve the objectives of this invention, a forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things (IoT) technology is provided, comprising a fire early warning terminal and an emergency management early warning platform. The fire early warning terminal includes a detection module, a satellite communication module, and a power supply module. The detection module includes a smoke sensor and a heat sensor, which trigger an early warning signal when the external environment reaches a preset trigger condition. The satellite communication module directly transmits the triggered early warning signal to an overpassing IoT satellite, which then downloads the data to a satellite ground station and transmits the data to the emergency management early warning platform via a data center.

[0007] Once the emergency management early warning platform receives an early warning signal from the fire early warning terminal, the management center dispatches a drone to the location of the early warning fire to confirm the fire situation and determine the fire level based on the fire situation.

[0008] Preferably, the detection module, satellite communication module, and power supply module are assembled within a single device housing; the housing employs a high-strength waterproof and dustproof design, meeting an IP66 or higher protection rating. However, it is not limited to IP66 protection; IP67 or IP68 protection ratings are also possible.

[0009] Preferably, the detection module further includes a positioning module, which is a BeiDou and / or GPS satellite navigation system;

[0010] Preferably, the detection module includes a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor, used to determine when the external environment reaches the preset triggering conditions of the detection module and trigger in a preset triggering mode; including: when the ambient temperature reaches the preset fire warning temperature, the contacts of the temperature sensor close to connect the fire warning terminal circuit; when the ambient temperature cools down to the set temperature, the contacts of the temperature sensor automatically open to disconnect the fire warning terminal circuit and reduce power consumption.

[0011] Preferably, the circuit of the detection module includes: the positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the positive terminal of the smoke detection element YG, the positive terminal of the satellite communication module WT, and the first terminal of the resistor R; the negative terminals of the smoke detection element YG and the satellite communication module WT are connected to the collector of the transistor Q; the base of the transistor Q is connected to the first terminal of the resistor RT and the first contact of the temperature sensing element K; the second contact of the temperature sensing element K is connected to the second terminal of the resistor R; and the second terminal of the resistor RT and the emitter of the transistor Q are connected to the negative terminal of the power supply.

[0012] When the temperature reaches the preset temperature, the temperature sensing element K automatically closes, energizing transistor Q and turning it on. Then, the smoke detection element YG and the satellite communication module WT are activated and begin operation. When the temperature falls below the preset temperature, the temperature sensing element K opens. At this time, the potential at the base of transistor Q becomes zero, transistor Q is de-energized and cut off, causing the smoke detection element YG and the satellite communication module WT to disconnect (power is disconnected). This series of actions effectively ensures the detection module continues to operate continuously and greatly reduces power consumption.

[0013] The aforementioned fire warning terminal power system consists of a built-in high-capacity battery, a small solar charging component, and a low-power management system.

[0014] During normal detection, the circuit of the aforementioned fire early warning terminal is disconnected, and the device consumes no power. At the same time, the natural degradation of the battery power is replenished by a small solar charging component, ensuring that the device can work for a long time.

[0015] Preferably, the IoT satellite adopts a low-Earth orbit narrowband constellation with a moderate orbital altitude, which can cover a wide area while ensuring the timeliness of data transmission. The constellation uses the UHF band communication frequency, which has strong penetrating power; UHF waves can penetrate obstacles such as buildings and vegetation.

[0016] Preferably, the emergency management early warning platform can also be installed as an APP on mobile terminal devices and / or computers for easy real-time viewing and timely response.

[0017] Preferably, several fire early warning terminals can be deployed according to the size of the forest area. After numbering each fire early warning terminal, they are set in the forest area to be monitored in a preset fixed manner, and the fixed location information of the fire early warning terminals is recorded. The location information includes latitude, longitude and altitude information.

[0018] Preferably, the preset fixing method is to fix the fire early warning terminal to the ground, protruding stones, or tree trunks of the forest land to be monitored by using rivets.

[0019] Preferably, after receiving data from the data center, the emergency management early warning platform immediately activates sound and light warnings, and continuously flashes lights at the fire warning terminal numbers in the forest map of the emergency management early warning platform; the flashing frequency of the alarm lights is determined by the number of fire warning terminals that are issuing warnings and the duration of the warnings, and the fire alarm warning level is determined according to the warning threshold; in addition, the fire alarm area is determined by associating the corresponding installation location coordinates and altitude information with the fire warning terminal numbers in the warning signal.

[0020] In summary, due to the adoption of the aforementioned technical solution, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention comprises a fire early warning terminal and an emergency management early warning platform. The fire early warning terminal integrates a detection module, a satellite communication module, and a power supply module into a single device housing, enabling it to adapt to harsh environments. This invention has the following characteristics: 1) The fire early warning terminal has a simple structure and small size, is easy to install and debug, requires no complex ground wiring, operates stably and reliably, and has low investment and operating costs; 2) It is suitable for situations with large forest areas where ground communication networks do not provide complete coverage; 3) The satellite constellation of this invention uses the UHF band communication frequency, which has strong penetration power, ensuring fast and stable information transmission between the satellite communication module and the satellite; 4) During normal detection, the fire early warning terminal's circuit is disconnected, and the device consumes no power. Simultaneously, the naturally decaying battery power is replenished by a small solar charging component; it is only powered on when a fire occurs, ensuring long-term operation; 5) The emergency management early warning platform can also be installed as an APP on mobile terminal devices for convenient real-time viewing and timely response.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The described and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the architecture of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fire early warning terminal architecture of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the fire early warning terminal of the present invention. In the diagram: 1. Trees or shrubs, 2. Service area of ​​the fire early warning terminal, 3. Fire early warning terminal.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit connection of the detection module of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0027] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0028] This invention provides a forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology, such as... Figure 1As shown, it includes a fire early warning terminal and an emergency management early warning platform;

[0029] The fire early warning terminal consists of a detection module, a satellite communication module, and a power supply module, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the detection module, satellite communication module, and power module are assembled within a single device housing. Furthermore, the detection module can also integrate BeiDou and GPS to ensure rapid and accurate location information acquisition globally. The device housing features a high-strength waterproof and dustproof design, meeting IP66 protection standards and capable of withstanding harsh environments. This design ensures that the device can maintain normal operation even under extreme conditions, unaffected by external environmental factors.

[0030] The detection module consists of a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor. When the ambient temperature reaches the preset fire warning temperature, the temperature sensor is heated and quickly closes its contacts, connecting the fire warning terminal circuit. When the ambient temperature cools down to the set temperature, the contacts automatically open, cutting off the fire warning terminal circuit and reducing power consumption. The specific circuit connection of the detection module is as follows: Figure 4 As shown in the diagram, K represents a temperature sensing element. This element has a settable temperature threshold, allowing users to flexibly set the trigger temperature to 50°C. It remains normally open and stable until this set temperature is reached. R represents a resistor, RT represents an adjustable resistor, Q represents a transistor, YG represents a smoke detector, and WT represents a satellite communication module. When the temperature reaches 50°C, temperature sensing element K automatically closes, energizing transistor Q and turning it on. Then, smoke detector YG and satellite communication module WT are activated and begin operation. When the temperature drops to approximately 50°C, temperature sensing element K opens. At this time, the base (b) potential of transistor Q becomes zero, causing Q to lose power and turn off, thus disconnecting smoke detector YG and satellite communication module WT. This series of actions effectively ensures the detection module remains operational continuously and significantly reduces power consumption.

[0031] The satellite communication module directly transmits the triggered detection module's early warning signal to the overpassing IoT satellite. The IoT satellite then transmits the data to the satellite ground station, through the data center, and finally to the emergency management early warning platform of the emergency center or management center. Upon receiving an early warning from the emergency management early warning platform, the management center dispatches a drone to the location of the fire alarm to confirm the fire situation and determine the fire level based on the situation. The IoT satellite uses a low-Earth orbit narrowband constellation with a moderate orbital altitude, which can cover a wide area while ensuring the timeliness of data transmission. Furthermore, the IoT satellite constellation uses the UHF band communication frequency, which has strong penetrating power; UHF waves can penetrate obstacles such as buildings and vegetation.

[0032] The power module consists of a built-in high-capacity battery, a small solar charging component, and a low-power management system.

[0033] In practical applications, when the temperature sensor in the fire warning terminal's detection module is activated, the smoke sensor and satellite communication module begin operating, transmitting the fire warning terminal number and smoke detection information, along with other warning signals, to the emergency management warning platform via satellite link. When the fire warning terminal's detection module continuously detects a fire, the fire warning signal is continuously transmitted to the emergency management warning platform via satellite link at preset time intervals, accompanied by continuous audible and visual warnings. Furthermore, during normal detection periods, the fire warning terminal's circuit is disconnected, resulting in no power consumption; simultaneously, the naturally depleted battery power is replenished by a small solar charging component, ensuring long-term operation.

[0034] Multiple fire early warning terminals can be deployed depending on the size of the forest area. A schematic diagram of the fire early warning terminal installation is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, each fire early warning terminal is numbered and then fixed in the forest area to be monitored using a preset fixing method. The location information of the fixed fire early warning terminals, including latitude, longitude, altitude, etc., is recorded. The preset fixing method involves fixing the fire early warning terminals to the ground, protruding rocks, or tree trunks of the forest area to be monitored using rivets.

[0035] Furthermore, based on the fixed location information of the fire early warning terminals in the forest area to be monitored, the corresponding fire early warning terminal locations are marked on the 3D forest map of the emergency management early warning platform. After receiving satellite data, the emergency management early warning platform immediately activates sound and light warnings, and continuously flashes lights at the fire early warning terminal numbers on the forest map of the emergency management early warning platform. The flashing frequency of the alarm lights is determined based on factors such as the number of fire early warning terminals currently issuing warnings and the duration of the warning, and the fire alarm warning level is determined according to the warning threshold, as detailed in Table 1. In addition, based on the fire early warning terminal number in the warning signal, and by associating it with the corresponding installation location coordinates and altitude information, the fire alarm location is quickly determined when identifying the fire alarm area.

[0036] Table 1 determines the fire warning levels.

[0037]

[0038] Furthermore, the emergency management early warning platform can also be installed as an app on mobile devices for easy real-time viewing and timely response.

[0039] This invention also discloses a forest fire early warning terminal method based on satellite Internet of Things technology, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0040] The first step involves deploying several M fire early warning terminals, depending on the size of the forest area.

[0041] M = S / s0, where S is the size of the forest area, s0 is the size of the warning area, and M is the number of fire warning terminals deployed.

[0042] The numbering method is as follows:

[0043] BHxx = MD5(terminalID), where BHxx is the fire alarm terminal number, terminalID represents the fire alarm terminal device ID, and MD5() represents a unique number, using the MD5 digest algorithm;

[0044] Once fixed, each fire early warning terminal is uniquely associated with a location (latitude, longitude, and altitude), making it easy for the platform to determine the location of a fire and to extinguish and rescue it in a timely manner.

[0045] The second step is that when the temperature is below 50℃, the temperature sensing element K is disconnected, the base potential of the transistor Q is zero, the transistor Q is de-energized and cut off, which de-energizes the smoke sensing element YG and the satellite communication module WT. At this time, the smoke sensing element YG and the satellite communication module WT are in a state of not consuming power.

[0046] When a fire occurs, if the temperature at the location exceeds 50°C, the temperature sensing element K in the fire early warning terminal at the fire location will automatically close, the base of the transistor Q will be energized and conduct, and then the smoke sensing element YG and the satellite communication module WT will be energized, activated, and put into operation; when the external environment reaches the preset triggering conditions of the detection module, the detection module will trigger an early warning signal; the satellite communication module will directly send the triggered detection module early warning signal to the overpass IoT satellite, the IoT satellite will then transmit the data to the satellite ground station, and transmit the data to the emergency management early warning platform through the data center;

[0047] After receiving satellite data, the emergency management early warning platform immediately activates sound and light warnings, and continuously flashes lights at the fire warning terminal numbers on the forest map of the emergency management early warning platform. The flashing frequency of the alarm lights is determined based on factors such as the number of fire warning terminals that are issuing warnings and the duration of the warning, and the fire alarm warning level is determined according to the warning threshold.

[0048] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology, characterized in that, The system includes a fire early warning terminal and an emergency management early warning platform. The fire early warning terminal includes a detection module, a satellite communication module, and a power module. The power module includes a small solar charging component. The detection module includes a smoke sensor and a temperature sensor, which trigger the detection module's early warning signal when the external environment reaches the preset triggering conditions. Specifically, when the ambient temperature reaches the preset fire early warning temperature, the temperature sensor's contacts close, connecting the fire early warning terminal circuit. When the ambient temperature cools down to the set temperature, the temperature sensor's contacts automatically open, cutting off the fire early warning terminal circuit and reducing power consumption. The satellite communication module directly transmits the triggered detection module's early warning signal to an overpassing IoT satellite. The IoT satellite then downloads the data to the satellite ground station and transmits the data to the emergency management early warning platform through a data center. Once the emergency management early warning platform receives an early warning signal from the fire early warning terminal, the management center dispatches a drone to the location of the early warning fire to confirm the fire situation and determine the fire level based on the fire situation. The detection module circuit includes: the positive terminal of the power supply is connected to the positive terminal of the smoke detector YG, the positive terminal of the satellite communication module WT, and the first terminal of the resistor R; the negative terminals of the smoke detector YG and the satellite communication module WT are connected to the collector of the transistor Q; the base of the transistor Q is connected to the first terminal of the resistor RT and the first contact of the temperature sensor K; the second contact of the temperature sensor K is connected to the second terminal of the resistor R; and the second terminal of the resistor RT and the emitter of the transistor Q are connected to the negative terminal of the power supply. When the temperature reaches the preset temperature, the temperature sensing element K automatically closes, and the transistor Q is energized and turns on. Then, the smoke detection element YG and the satellite communication module WT are activated and start working. When the temperature is lower than the preset temperature, the temperature sensing element K opens. At this time, the potential of the base of the transistor Q becomes zero, the transistor Q is de-energized and cut off, causing the smoke detection element YG and the satellite communication module WT to be de-energized, so that the smoke detection element YG and the satellite communication module WT are in a state of not consuming power.

2. The forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection module, satellite communication module, and power supply module are assembled in a single device housing.

3. A forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The detection module also includes a positioning module.

4. A forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The IoT satellite adopts a low-Earth orbit narrowband constellation, and the constellation uses UHF band communication frequencies.

5. A forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The emergency management early warning platform is selected to be installed as an APP on mobile terminal devices and / or computers.

6. A forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire early warning terminal can be deployed in several units depending on the size of the forest area. After numbering each fire early warning terminal, it is set in the forest area to be monitored in a preset fixed manner, and the fixed location information of the fire early warning terminal is recorded. The location information includes latitude, longitude and altitude information.

7. A forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 6, characterized in that, The preset fixing method is to fix the fire early warning terminal to the ground, protruding rocks, or tree trunks of the forest to be monitored by using rivets.

8. A forest fire early warning terminal system based on satellite Internet of Things technology according to claim 1, characterized in that, After receiving data from the data center, the emergency management early warning platform immediately activates sound and light warnings, and continuously flashes lights at the fire warning terminal numbers on the forest map of the emergency management early warning platform; the flashing frequency of the alarm lights is determined by the number of fire warning terminals that are issuing warnings and the duration of the warning, and the fire alarm warning level is determined according to the warning threshold. In addition, the fire alarm area is determined by associating the fire alarm terminal number in the warning signal with the corresponding installation location coordinates and altitude information.

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