High-voltage safety practical interaction system and method based on arduino and unity3d, and storage medium

Abstract

The application belongs to the technical field of new energy vehicle teaching and training equipment, and discloses a high-voltage safety training interaction system and method based on Arduino and Unity3D and a storage medium. The system comprises a modular vehicle unit, an interaction display module and a safety control module group. The detection terminal of the vehicle high-voltage system circuit diagram is electrically connected with the real vehicle high-voltage connector. The interaction display module is loaded on the Unity3D platform and integrates teaching mode selection, high-voltage operation, data simulation measurement, fault examination and other modules. The safety control module group is double-protected by the leakage protector and the physical safety lock. The training method covers system detection, vehicle authorization, safety verification, multi-mode operation and the generation of a multi-dimensional scoring report containing a fault positioning heat map. The application realizes real-time synchronization of physical operation and virtual simulation through the combination of software and hardware, solves the problems of existing training equipment, such as the disconnection between the real object and the virtual object, poor adaptation to multiple vehicle types and insufficient safety protection, and is suitable for scenes such as vocational colleges and vehicle training centers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of teaching and training equipment for new energy vehicles, specifically involving a high-voltage safety training interactive system, method, and storage medium based on Arduino and Unity3D. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of teaching high-voltage systems for new energy vehicles, current training equipment mainly falls into two categories: one is a training bench based on real vehicles, and the other is a purely virtual simulation system. Real vehicle training benches achieve operational training such as high-voltage system power-off and insulation testing through physical wiring harness connections, primarily relying on relay array control and voltage simulation circuits. While this type of system provides a realistic operational experience, it suffers from complex high-voltage protection circuits, low equipment reusability, and an inability to quickly switch between multiple vehicle models. The other type of virtual simulation system is developed based on LabVIEW or Flash platforms, displaying the high-voltage system structure through 3D modeling. However, its interaction is limited to mouse clicks, lacking key training elements such as realistic connector insertion and removal force feedback.

[0003] In addition, existing training equipment still faces several problems in achieving teaching objectives: First, there is a disconnect between simulation and actual operation, making it difficult for students to gain experience interacting with real equipment through a virtual environment, which hinders the development of their practical skills. Second, the equipment lacks interactivity and intuitive operational feedback, making it difficult for students to correct mistakes in a timely manner during the learning process. Third, the lack of an intelligent assessment system prevents effective intelligent judgment and scoring of troubleshooting training, which is detrimental to closed-loop management of teaching. Furthermore, some systems have poor modular adaptability, limited to a single vehicle model, which restricts their application in multi-vehicle teaching. Finally, conducting high-pressure training directly on real vehicles poses safety hazards and is unsuitable for beginners or large-scale teaching environments.

[0004] In summary, existing solutions have not effectively addressed core issues such as millisecond-level real-time synchronization between physical operation and virtual simulation, rapid reconstruction of the topology of high-voltage systems for multiple vehicle models, and extraction of evaluation parameters for the entire operation process. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-voltage training interactive platform that supports integrated operation of physical and simulation systems, modular expansion, intelligent evaluation and feedback, and cross-platform control logic training, in order to achieve real-time synchronization, rapid reconstruction, and comprehensive evaluation, thereby improving teaching effectiveness and safety protection levels. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems existing in the background technology, this invention combines the hardware and software of the Arduino hardware platform and the Unity3D virtual environment to achieve real-time synchronization between physical operation and virtual simulation. It supports dynamic reconstruction of the topology of high-voltage systems for multiple vehicle models and provides a full-dimensional operation evaluation mechanism, effectively improving the training effect and safety protection capability.

[0006] Based on this, the present invention proposes a high-voltage safety training interactive system, method and storage medium based on Arduino and Unity3D.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a high-voltage safety training interactive system based on Arduino and Unity3D, which includes a modular vehicle unit, an interactive display module, and a safety control module group;

[0008] The modular vehicle unit includes an Arduino main control chip and a vehicle high-voltage system circuit diagram. The Arduino main control chip is responsible for the data processing and communication coordination of the entire system. The test terminals of the vehicle high-voltage system circuit diagram are electrically connected to the high-voltage connector of the actual vehicle. The vehicle high-voltage system circuit diagram provides no less than 100 measurement points for the system. The measurement points are distributed in various positions of the entire high-voltage system to intuitively show the electrical connection relationship of the vehicle high-voltage system and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent circuit testing and operation.

[0009] The interactive display module is equipped with the Unity3D virtual simulation platform. The modular vehicle unit is physically connected to the interactive display module through a magnetic interface. The Unity3D virtual simulation platform and the Arduino main control chip are synchronized through a serial port protocol. The interactive display module dynamically displays the vehicle status and provides operation guidance information based on the data fed back from the modular vehicle unit and the real vehicle high-voltage connector, helping users to correctly perform high-voltage safety training operations.

[0010] The safety control module group includes a leakage current protector and a physical safety lock. The leakage current protector is used to monitor whether there is leakage in the system in real time. The physical safety lock must simultaneously meet the requirements of mechanical unlocking and Unity3D interface authorization verification. Otherwise, high-voltage operation is prohibited to prevent unauthorized personnel from performing high-voltage operations.

[0011] As a further explanation and limitation of the above technical solution, the Unity3D virtual simulation platform includes the following functional modules:

[0012] The high-voltage operation module provides virtual simulation and operation guidance for high-voltage line connection and maintenance switch operation;

[0013] The data simulation measurement module integrates virtual multimeter, insulation tester and discharge tester tools, and supports dynamic measurement and simulation feedback of voltage, resistance and insulation values;

[0014] The fault setting assessment module allows teachers to set open / short circuit faults and generate assessment papers, while students can use virtual tools to troubleshoot faults and submit automatic scoring results.

[0015] The vehicle dynamic monitoring module displays the vehicle's operating status in real time, including vehicle speed, gear position, charging status, and fault information.

[0016] The teaching mode selection module provides the function of switching between three modes: teaching guidance, practical exercises, and fault assessment.

[0017] As a further explanation and limitation of the above technical solution, the adsorption force of the magnetic interface satisfies the following formula: ,in: F mag The magnetic attraction force is the magnetic interface. B Magnetic flux density A The magnetic attraction area is... μ 0 Where is the vacuum permeability; in the above formula: B ≥0.5, A ≥10cm 2 , μ 0 The value is 4π×10 -7 H / m.

[0018] As a further explanation and limitation of the above technical solution, the layout of the detection terminals in the high-voltage system circuit diagram is implemented based on a topology optimization algorithm, and the objective function is: ,in, R i For the first i The resistance value of each detection terminal, L i For the first i The wiring length for each detection terminal must meet the following constraints: R i When the resistance is ≥0.1Ω, ensure the stability and accuracy of the detection circuit, and L i When the distance is ≤15cm, signal transmission loss and interference are reduced.

[0019] As a further explanation and limitation of the above technical solution, the interactive display module includes a circuit path verification algorithm, which calculates the shortest compliant path using Dijkstra's algorithm to provide users with optimal operation guidance; wherein, the path weight calculation formula is: shortest path = In the formula, p For the set of circuit paths P One of the paths; e For path p One of the edges in; R e For the edge e The corresponding resistance value, L e For the edge e The corresponding wiring length.

[0020] As a further explanation and limitation of the above technical solution, in order to take into account both correct and incorrect operations and to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the user's practical training level, the following scoring algorithm is introduced into the interactive display module: ,in, C i For the first i One correct operation item; w i For the first i The weight of each correct action item is used to measure the importance of that action item in the overall score; E j For the first j One incorrect operation item.

[0021] A high-voltage safety training method, characterized by the following steps:

[0022] S1 System Startup and Testing: Automatically detects module connection status and leakage protection device function when starting the system;

[0023] S2 vehicle authorization and resource loading: Authorize the vehicle module and load Unity3D tutorial resources via a USB encrypted device;

[0024] S3 Security Lock Unlock Verification: Operate the physical security lock and verify the unlock status through the Unity3D interface;

[0025] S4 High Voltage Operation and Troubleshooting: Users should select the following operation modes based on the teaching mode selection module in the Unity3D simulation platform:

[0026] Vehicle dynamic monitoring mode: In the vehicle dynamic monitoring module, the vehicle status is monitored in real time through the instrument cluster, operation demonstration and simulation operation sub-modules.

[0027] High-voltage safety operation mode: In the high-voltage operation module, follow the operation steps to complete the connection and verification of the high-voltage line;

[0028] Data simulation measurement mode: In the data simulation measurement module, virtual tools are used to measure voltage, resistance and insulation values, and dynamic voltage changes are simulated by the accelerator pedal;

[0029] Fault setting assessment mode: In the fault setting assessment module, the teacher sets faults and generates assessment papers, and the student checks the faults and submits the automatic scoring results.

[0030] S5 rating report generation: Generates a multi-dimensional rating report that includes operation time, number of errors, and tool compliance.

[0031] As a further supplement to the above technical solution, in S4 high-voltage operation and troubleshooting, the dynamic voltage simulation engine output relationship is as follows: V sim = V base ×(1+ k ·tanh(1.2 θ ),in, V sim To simulate the output voltage value, V base The base voltage value is a fixed reference voltage. θ This indicates the pedal opening, reflecting the user's input. k This represents the fault severity coefficient, used to simulate the impact of faults of different degrees on voltage.

[0032] As a further supplement to the above technical solution, the multi-dimensional scoring report includes a fault location heatmap and an operation path playback. The fault location heatmap is used to intuitively display the location and frequency of the fault, and the operation path playback is used to allow users to review their operation process and analyze the existing problems.

[0033] A computer-readable storage medium storing computer program instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the high-voltage safety training method described above.

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0035] 1. This invention uses real-time data synchronization between the Arduino main control chip and the Unity3D virtual platform to accurately map physical actions such as plugging and unplugging of physical objects and operation of maintenance switches to the virtual scene. Combined with a magnetic interface to simulate real insertion and removal force feedback, it overcomes the interactive limitations of traditional virtual simulations. Virtual multimeters, insulation testers, and other tools require dragging the probes to the test terminals, and the measured values ​​are fed back in real time using dynamic voltage simulation formulas, recreating the real testing process. This allows trainees to gain a near-real-vehicle tactile experience and tool usage experience through virtual-real integration, effectively solving the problem of the disconnect between simulation and physical operation.

[0036] 2. The modular vehicle unit of this invention enables rapid physical replacement via a magnetic interface. Combined with the dynamic loading of vehicle-specific resources on the Unity3D platform, it can efficiently construct high-voltage system topology diagrams for different vehicle models. The detection terminal layout is based on a topology optimization algorithm, covering over 100 measurement points for key nodes such as the battery pack and motor controller. This ensures accurate representation of electrical connections across different vehicle models, overcoming the limitation of traditional training equipment that only adapts to a single vehicle model, and further enhancing equipment reusability and teaching flexibility.

[0037] 3. This invention calculates the shortest compliant path using an algorithm, provides real-time prompts for optimization when operations deviate from the optimal path, and generates a multi-dimensional scoring report including a fault location heatmap and operation path playback, based on a scoring algorithm. This enables a comprehensive evaluation of operational compliance and fault diagnosis efficiency. Teachers can define open / short circuit faults on the circuit diagram and generate assessment papers. After students troubleshoot, the system automatically scores the results. It supports switching between three modes: "teaching guidance - practical exercise - fault assessment," forming a complete teaching loop of "learning - practice - evaluation - improvement," thus solving the pain point of traditional equipment lacking intelligent evaluation.

[0038] 4. This invention employs an intrinsically safe design, with all contact voltages <5V, mitigating the risk of electric shock at the source. An integrated leakage current protector monitors leakage in real time, automatically cutting off power and triggering a red pop-up alarm when leakage exceeds the limit. Physical safety locks must simultaneously meet the requirements for mechanical key unlocking and Unity3D interface authorization code verification to prevent unauthorized misoperation. Furthermore, the maintenance switch is equipped with mechanical interlocks and status feedback contacts, and the high-voltage connector has a built-in Hall sensor to detect connection status. Through dual hardware and software protection, a multi-layered safety system covering electrical safety, operating permissions, and fault warning is constructed, completely resolving safety hazards in real vehicle training, making it particularly suitable for beginners and large-scale teaching scenarios.

[0039] 5. The vehicle dynamic monitoring module of this invention synchronizes data such as vehicle speed, gear position, and fault codes in real time, and demonstrates the vehicle start-up and charging process with 3D animation, intuitively presenting the operating logic of the high-voltage system. Operation guidance is provided through step-by-step pop-ups and arrow annotations, reducing the learning difficulty. The system is developed based on Unity3D, supports cross-platform operation, is compatible with various main control chips and touchscreens, and supports remote upgrades and dynamic updates of vehicle model resources, ensuring long-term applicability. From basic operation guidance to complex fault diagnosis, from single-vehicle training to multi-platform deployment, this system provides a standardized, intelligent, and efficient solution for high-voltage safety training in new energy vehicles. Attached Figure Description

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the high-voltage safety training platform in this invention;

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the high-pressure operation module interface of the Unity3D simulation platform in this invention;

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the data simulation and measurement module interface of the Unity3D simulation platform in this invention;

[0043] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fault setting assessment module interface of the Unity3D simulation platform in this invention;

[0044] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the vehicle dynamic monitoring module interface of the Unity3D simulation platform in this invention;

[0045] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the teaching mode selection module interface of the Unity3D simulation platform in this invention;

[0046] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the teacher login interface for the fault setting assessment module of the Unity3D simulation platform in this invention.

[0047] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the student login interface for the fault setting assessment module of the Unity3D simulation platform in this invention.

[0048] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the training method in this invention.

[0049] In the diagram: Modular vehicle unit is 100, warning light is 101, vehicle unit high-voltage system circuit diagram is 102, interactive display module is 200, actual vehicle high-voltage connector is 300, high-voltage busbar is 301, maintenance switch is 302, vehicle high-voltage system circuit diagram is 400, detection terminal is 401, equipment operating status indicator is 500, equipment power switch is 600, leakage current protector is 700, aluminum alloy frame is 800, swivel casters are 900, and equipment power connection cable is 1000. Detailed Implementation

[0050] To further illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described below through embodiments.

[0051] To facilitate understanding of the present invention by those skilled in the art, as shown in the appendix Figure 1As shown, we disclose the specific structure of a high-voltage safety training platform. The platform includes an aluminum alloy frame 800, on which a modular vehicle unit 100 is mounted and connected to the high-voltage busbar 301 via a high-voltage connector 300, forming a complete high-voltage system circuit diagram 400. Universal casters 900 are provided on both sides of the platform for easy movement. Warning lights 101 and equipment operation status indicator lights 500 are located in prominent positions on the platform, used to display the system operation status in real time and provide warning information. The equipment power connection cable 1000 is connected to the equipment power switch 600 to ensure a stable power supply to the platform. Furthermore, the inclusion of a leakage current protector 700 further enhances safety during training. An interactive display module 200 is located at the center of the front of the platform. This module can display the high-voltage system circuit diagram 102 and corresponding operating instructions, facilitating teaching by instructors and interactive learning by students. To enable simulated high-voltage operation measurements, the training platform is equipped with a detection terminal 401, which can be connected to various testing devices, allowing students to perform actual measurements and analysis of system parameters such as current and voltage. Furthermore, the maintenance switch 302 allows instructors to quickly cut off the power in emergencies, ensuring safety during the training process.

[0052] Referring to the example of the high-voltage safety training platform described above, it should be noted that this example is merely one implementation method of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make corresponding adjustments and improvements to the training platform according to actual needs.

[0053] As attached Figures 2 to 8 As shown, based on the above example and provided that the technical solution protected by the claims is supported, we describe in detail a high-voltage safety training interactive system based on Arduino and Unity3D. The system includes: a modular vehicle unit, an interactive display module, and a safety control module group. Through the combination of hardware and software, it realizes real-time synchronization of physical operation and virtual simulation, and supports dynamic reconstruction of the topology of high-voltage systems of multiple vehicle models and full-dimensional operation evaluation.

[0054] The modular vehicle unit of this high-voltage safety training interactive system is physically connected to the interactive display module via a magnetic interface. The magnetic interface uses a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet array, with a single magnet having a magnetic induction intensity B = 0.8 T and a magnetic attraction area A = 15 cm². 2 The adsorption force satisfies the following formula: =38.2 N, therefore, the requirement for a stable connection is met. Where: F mag The magnetic attraction force is the magnetic interface. B Magnetic flux density A The magnetic attraction area is... μ 0 Where is the vacuum permeability; in the above formula: B ≥0.5,A ≥10cm 2 , μ 0 The value is 4π×10 -7 H / m.

[0055] Modular vehicle unit: Includes an Arduino main control chip and a vehicle high-voltage system circuit diagram. The Arduino main control chip uses the Arduino Mega2560 as the core controller, featuring 54 digital I / O pins, 16 analog inputs, and 4 UART serial ports to meet the communication needs of multiple sensors and peripherals. The chip communicates with the interactive display module via SPI / I2C serial ports to transmit high-voltage system measurement data (such as voltage, resistance, and insulation values) and operational status (such as wiring harness connection status and maintenance switch positions) in real time. In the vehicle high-voltage system circuit diagram design, the measurement point layout is implemented based on a topology optimization algorithm, with the objective function being... ,in, R i For the first i The resistance value of each detection terminal, L i For the first i The wiring length for each detection terminal must meet the following constraints: R i When the resistance is ≥0.1Ω, ensure the stability and accuracy of the detection circuit, and L i When the distance is ≤15cm, signal transmission loss and interference are reduced. The detection terminals are made of gold-plated copper material, with low contact resistance. R i ≤0.05 Ω, because it satisfies R i For a constraint ≥0.1 Ω, current-limiting resistors are used in series. Wiring length... L i Keep the distance between 10-15cm and use shielded twisted-pair cables to reduce electromagnetic interference.

[0056] At least 100 detection terminals are installed at key nodes in the high-voltage system (such as battery packs, motor controllers, charging interfaces, and high-voltage distribution boxes). Taking a certain new energy vehicle model as an example, the positive and negative terminals of the battery pack, the three-phase input terminals of the motor, and the CC / CPE signal terminals of the charging gun are all set as independent measurement points, covering more than 90% of the electrical connection nodes of the high-voltage system. The high-voltage connector of the actual vehicle integrates the high-voltage bus and maintenance switch. The connector plug / socket adopts a physical interface compatible with mainstream models, the insertion and extraction force simulates that of a real vehicle, and the internal Hall sensor detects the connection status. The signal is collected through the Arduino ADC interface. The maintenance switch adopts a mechanically interlocked manual switch with status feedback contacts.

[0057] Interactive Display Module: The hardware configuration uses a 19-inch industrial-grade touchscreen, equipped with an Intel i5 processor, 8GB of RAM, a 256GB SSD, and running Windows 10. The Unity3D virtual simulation platform and the Arduino main control chip achieve data synchronization via a serial port protocol. The Unity3D virtual simulation platform development includes modules such as high-voltage operation, data simulation measurement, fault setting assessment, vehicle dynamic monitoring, and teaching mode selection. High-Voltage Operation Module: 3D modeling recreates real vehicle high-voltage components (such as battery packs, motor controllers, and high-voltage wiring harnesses), supporting virtual plug-in / plug-out operations. Operation guidance uses step pop-ups and arrow annotations. For example, when connecting the high-voltage bus, the interface prompts "Insert the red plug into the motor controller X1 interface," and the target interface is highlighted in the virtual scene. Data Simulation Measurement Module: Integrates a virtual multimeter, insulation tester, and discharge tester. During measurement, the probes need to be dragged to the detection terminals. The terminal trigger area accuracy is ±2mm. After triggering, the real-time simulated value is displayed, calculated according to the following formula: V sim = V base ×(1+ k ·tanh(1.2 θ ),in, V sim To simulate the output voltage value, V base The base voltage value is a fixed reference voltage. θ This indicates the pedal opening, reflecting the user's input. k This represents the fault severity coefficient, used to simulate the impact of different levels of faults on voltage. In the fault setting assessment module, the teacher can set open / short circuit faults via the right-click menu on the circuit diagram, supporting multiple selections of lines and fault types. The assessment paper generation includes a fault description, allowed operation time, and score distribution. The vehicle dynamic monitoring module synchronizes vehicle status data sent by the Arduino in real time, displaying vehicle speed, gear, charging status, and fault codes. The teaching mode selection module provides three-level mode switching:

[0058] Teaching guidance: Pop-up prompts throughout the entire process; incorrect operations will be forcibly interrupted and prompts for correction.

[0059] Practical exercises: Key steps are highlighted; errors are allowed but the number of attempts is recorded.

[0060] Fault assessment: No prompts, automatic timing and generation of scoring reports.

[0061] When developing our application, we chose Unity3D 2021.3.20f1LTS because it supports cross-platform operation on Windows, macOS, and Linux, ensuring broad compatibility. We used C# as the primary development language for Unity scripting, and for hardware interaction, we used C++ to write the Arduino firmware. To handle data parsing and communication protocol optimization, we integrated two powerful third-party plugins: Newtonsoft.Json and Protobuf. Furthermore, our application supports OTA (Over-The-Air) remote upgrades, allowing dynamic updates of vehicle model resources via UnityAssetBundles, ensuring users receive the latest features and improvements in a timely manner.

[0062] Safety control module group: Includes a leakage current protector and a physical safety lock. The leakage current protector uses a single-phase 220V leakage protection switch, and the detection circuit is integrated into the equipment's power inlet. It monitors the current difference between the phase line and the neutral line through a zero-sequence current transformer. When the difference exceeds the limit, a relay is triggered to cut off the power supply, and a red "Leakage Warning" pop-up window is displayed on the interactive display module. The physical safety lock is fixedly connected to the equipment's aluminum alloy frame. Unlocking requires the following conditions to be met simultaneously: the mechanical key is correctly inserted and rotated to the "unlock" position; and an authorization code is entered through the Unity3D interface. Both conditions are detected through the Arduino digital input pins. Only when both conditions are met will a high-level signal be output to allow the high-voltage operating circuit to be energized.

[0063] When trainees connect wire harnesses, the system calculates the total weight of the current path in real time. If the weight exceeds 150% of the theoretical shortest path, it is judged as a "non-optimal path" and optimization is prompted. Therefore, it is necessary to calculate the shortest compliant path using the Dijkstra algorithm to provide users with optimal operational guidance.

[0064] The path weight calculation formula is as follows:

[0065] Shortest path = ,

[0066] In the formula, p For the set of circuit paths P One of the paths; e For path p One of the edges in; R e For the edge e The corresponding resistance value, L e For the edge e The corresponding wiring length.

[0067] For example, the theoretical shortest path weight connecting T01 to T03 is 25.3. The interactive display module includes a circuit path verification algorithm. If the student chooses to detour through T02, the total weight is 65.2, and a prompt is triggered.

[0068] To account for both correct and incorrect operations and to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the user's practical training level, the following scoring algorithm is introduced into the interactive display module:

[0069] ,

[0070] in, C i For the first i One correct operation item; w i For the first i The weight of each correct action item is used to measure the importance of that action item in the overall score; E j For the first j One incorrect operation item.

[0071] Based on the above system architecture design, refer to the appendix. Figures 2 to 9 As shown, we will explain in detail the implementation process of the present invention by combining specific practical training operations.

[0072] S1 System Startup and Testing: The Arduino main control chip performs cyclic testing, including the magnetic interface connection status, leakage current protection output voltage, and the position of the mechanical lock on the high-voltage connector of the actual vehicle; the Unity3D platform loads the configuration data of the vehicle model used last time, verifies the USB encrypted device driver, and if no encrypted device is detected, disables all modules except "Vehicle Model Authorization".

[0073] S2 Model Authorization and Resource Loading: Insert the model-specific encrypted USB drive, and the system reads the model_info.ini file in the root directory of the USB drive and verifies the signature information; load the Unity resources in the corresponding folder according to the model ID, including: 3D model, circuit diagram data, fault library, and coordinates and connection relationships of detection terminals.

[0074] S3 Safety Lock Unlock Verification: The student uses a special key to rotate the physical lock to the "unlock" position, triggering the micro switch inside the lock body; the Unity3D interface pops up an authorization code input box, the student enters the 6-digit dynamic code generated by the teacher, and after successful verification, the interface displays the green "Safety Level: High Voltage Operation Allowed" label.

[0075] S4 High Voltage Operation and Troubleshooting:

[0076] (1) Vehicle dynamic monitoring mode

[0077] The instrument cluster module displays the vehicle speed curve, gear position icon, and charging status in real time. When the high-voltage connector is disconnected, the red warning light on the instrument panel flashes, displaying the fault code "P1A00 High-voltage interlock circuit disconnected".

[0078] Run the demo module: Simulate the vehicle startup process through animation:

[0079] Depress the brake pedal to activate the battery management system;

[0080] Rotate the start knob to close the main relay;

[0081] The motor controller has passed its self-test and is now authorized to engage gears and drive.

[0082] Simulation operation module: When the student clicks the virtual "accelerator pedal" button, the dynamic voltage simulation voltage value changes dynamically within the range of 280-420V, corresponding to the motor speed of 0-15000rpm.

[0083] (2) High-voltage safe operation mode

[0084] Operating procedure guide (taking connecting a high-voltage busbar as an example):

[0085] The interface displays "Step 1: Disconnect the maintenance switch", and the maintenance switch is physically disconnected (controlled by an electromagnetic lock).

[0086] Step 2: "Insert the red busbar plug into the battery pack X1 interface." The student operates the physical plug, and after the Arduino detects the connector in place, the plug turns green in the Unity scene.

[0087] Step 3: Click "Verify". The system will detect the terminal resistance value (<0.2Ω indicates a successful connection). If it fails, it will display "Plug not fully inserted".

[0088] (3) Data simulation measurement mode

[0089] Multimeter usage: The student drags the probes to the test terminals T01 (battery positive) and T02 (motor U phase). The interface displays:

[0090] When not ignited: Resistance R = 100 Ω (simulating motor winding resistance);

[0091] After ignition: Voltage V = 380 V (DC bus voltage).

[0092] Insulation measurement: Select the insulation tester, set the measurement voltage to 1000VDC, and click "Start Measurement". The system will simulate the insulation resistance value (normal state > 10MΩ, if a ground fault is set, it will display 500kΩ).

[0093] (4) Fault setting assessment mode

[0094] Teacher's operation:

[0095] On the login screen (username: teacher, password: 123456), select "Set Faults";

[0096] Select lines T03 to T04 on the circuit diagram, set an "open circuit" fault, and the exam time is 45 minutes.

[0097] Click "Generate Test Paper," and the system will automatically assign a fault number and store it in encrypted form.

[0098] Student-side operation:

[0099] After logging in, check the fault symptoms: "The vehicle cannot be charged, and the instrument cluster displays a charging fault."

[0100] Use a virtual multimeter to measure the voltage at the CC signal terminal T03 of the charging gun (normally 5V, 0V in case of fault) to determine if the circuit is open.

[0101] After locating the fault point, click on the circuit diagram and mark the line as "fault". After submission, the system will automatically score the points. For example: correct location +30 points, proper use of multimeter +20 points, operation time 35 minutes +10 points, total score 60 points.

[0102] S5 Scoring Report Generation: The multi-dimensional scoring report includes basic information such as trainee name, assessment time, vehicle model, and number of faults; detailed scores / deductions for each operation item; a fault location heatmap; and operation path playback. The fault location heatmap uses different colors to mark fault points and troubleshooting times: red indicates not troubleshooting, yellow indicates troubleshooting that exceeded the time limit, and green indicates correct troubleshooting. The operation path playback records the operation steps along a timeline and supports fast-forward / pause functions.

[0103] This invention achieves high efficiency, intelligence, and safety in high-voltage safety training for new energy vehicles through the deep integration of modular hardware design and virtual software simulation. In its implementation, the invention provides a detailed explanation of the system architecture, functional modules, algorithm formulas, and operating procedures, ensuring the feasibility and repeatability of the technical solution and providing a standardized example for the development of teaching and training equipment for new energy vehicles. Furthermore, the invention has undergone compatibility testing, verifying vehicle compatibility with models such as the BYD Song Plus V, with module replacement time less than 2 minutes and resource loading time less than 10 seconds. Regarding hardware compatibility, this invention supports the Arduino Mega2560 / UNO / Nano series and is compatible with 10-24 inch touchscreens.

[0104] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. An Arduino and Unity3D-based high-voltage safety practical training interaction system, characterized in that, The application relates to a modular vehicle unit, an interactive display module and a safety control module group. The modular vehicle unit comprises an Arduino master chip and a vehicle high-voltage system circuit diagram, the Arduino master chip is responsible for data processing and communication coordination of the whole system, the detection terminal of the vehicle high-voltage system circuit diagram is electrically connected with a vehicle high-voltage connector, the vehicle high-voltage system circuit diagram provides more than 100 measuring points for the system, the measuring points are distributed at various positions of the whole high-voltage system, and the measuring points are used for intuitively displaying the electrical connection relationship of the vehicle high-voltage system and providing a theoretical basis for subsequent circuit detection and operation; The detection terminal layout of the high-voltage system circuit diagram is realized based on a topology optimization algorithm, and a target function is , in, R i For the first i The resistance value of each detection terminal, L i For the first i The wiring length for each detection terminal must meet the following constraints: R i ≥0.1Ω, to ensure the stability and accuracy of the detection circuit and L i reduce the loss and interference of signal transmission when the distance is ≤ 15 cm; The interactive display module is loaded with a Unity3D virtual simulation platform, the modular vehicle unit is physically connected with the interactive display module through a magnetic interface, the Unity3D virtual simulation platform is synchronized with the Arduino master chip through a serial port protocol, the interactive display module dynamically displays the vehicle state according to the data fed back by the modular vehicle unit and the vehicle high-voltage connector, provides operation guiding information, and helps users to correctly perform high-voltage safety practical training operation; The interactive display module comprises a circuit path verification algorithm, the shortest and most compliant path is calculated through a Dijkstra algorithm, and the optimal operation guidance is provided for users; wherein, a path weight calculation formula is as follows: ， In the formula, p is a set of circuit paths P is a path among the paths e is a path p is an edge among the edges of the path R e is an edge e is a corresponding resistance value L e is an edge e is a corresponding wiring length; the Unity3D virtual simulation platform comprises the following functional modules: In order to comprehensively and objectively evaluate the practical training operation level of users by considering correct operation and incorrect operation, the following scoring algorithm is introduced in the interactive display module: ， in, C i For the first i One correct operation item; w i For the first i The weight of each correct action item is used to measure the importance of that action item in the overall score; E j For the first j One incorrect operation item; A high-voltage operation module is used for providing virtual simulation and operation guidance of high-voltage line connection and maintenance switch operation. A data simulation measurement module integrates virtual multimeter, insulation instrument and discharge instrument tools, and supports dynamic measurement and simulation feedback of voltage, resistance and insulation value. A fault setting assessment module allows a teacher end to set open / short circuit faults and generate an assessment test paper, and allows a student end to troubleshoot faults through virtual tools and submit automatic scoring results. A vehicle dynamic monitoring module displays vehicle running states in real time, including vehicle speed, gear position, charging state and fault information. A teaching mode selection module provides teaching guidance, practical exercise and fault assessment three-mode switching functions. The safety control module group comprises an electric leakage protector and a physical safety lock, the electric leakage protector is used for monitoring whether electric leakage exists in the system in real time, and the physical safety lock needs to simultaneously satisfy mechanical unlocking and Unity3D interface authorization verification, otherwise high-voltage operation is prohibited to prevent unauthorized personnel from performing high-voltage operation.

2. The high-voltage safety interactive system based on Arduino and Unity3D according to claim 1, wherein, The magnetic attraction interface satisfies the following formula: wherein: F mag is the attractive force of the magnetic interface, B is the magnetic field intensity, A is the magnetic attractive area, The application further relates to a vehicle high-voltage safety practical training system. 0 is the vacuum permeability; In the above formulae: B ≥ 0.5, A ≥ 10 cm 2 , The application comprises the following steps: 0 the values of .

3. A high-voltage safety practical training method based on the system of claim 1, characterized in that, S1 system starting and detection: automatically detecting module connection states and electric leakage protector functions when starting the system; S2 vehicle type authorization and resource loading: authorizing a vehicle type module and loading Unity3D teaching resources through a USB encryption device; S3 safety lock unlocking verification: operating a physical safety lock and verifying an unlocking state through a Unity3D interface; S4 high-voltage operation and fault troubleshooting: a user selects the following operation modes according to a teaching mode selection module in a Unity3D simulation platform: ​ Vehicle dynamic monitoring mode: In the vehicle dynamic monitoring module, the vehicle state is monitored in real time by combining the instrument, operation demonstration and simulation operation sub-modules; High-voltage safe operation mode: In the high-voltage operation module, the high-voltage line connection and verification are guided according to the operation steps; Data simulation measurement mode: In the data simulation measurement module, the voltage, resistance and insulation value are measured using virtual tools, and the dynamic voltage change is simulated through the accelerator pedal; Fault setting evaluation mode: In the fault setting evaluation module, the teacher sets the fault and generates the evaluation test paper, and the student submits the automatic scoring result after troubleshooting; S5 score report generation: generate a multi-dimensional score report containing operation time, error times and tool specification.

4. The high-pressure safety training method of claim 3, wherein, In S4 high-voltage operation and fault troubleshooting, the dynamic voltage simulation engine outputs: V sim = V base ×(1+ k ·tanh(1.2 θ ), wherein, V sim is a voltage value of the analog output, V base is a base voltage value, which is a fixed reference voltage; The multi-dimensional score report includes a fault location heat map and an operation path playback. The fault location heat map is used to visually display the location and frequency of the fault, and the operation path playback is used to let the user review the operation process and analyze the existing problems. represents the pedal opening degree, reflecting the user's operation input; k represents the fault severity coefficient, used to simulate the influence of different degrees of faults on the voltage.

5. The high-pressure safety training method of claim 3, wherein, The computer program instructions are stored, and the instructions are executed by the processor to implement the high-voltage safety training method of any one of claims 3-5.

6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, ​

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