A power distribution protection system for mobile phone power adapter

Abstract

The present invention discloses a power distribution protection system for a mobile phone power adapter, which relates to the technical field of adapter operation monitoring. The system includes: performing intelligent dynamic current distribution and voltage calibration to respond to voltage fluctuations; predicting the device charging curve and matching the dynamic load to reduce battery chemical stress; switching the load-based dynamic mode topology, using a flyback topology design to reduce losses under light loads and switching to a quasi-resonant mode to improve efficiency under heavy loads; implementing multi-protocol parallel processing through hardware reuse design, and dynamically distributing power when simultaneously connected to wired and wireless charging devices; optimizing the magnetic core material and winding structure; reducing the switching frequency through a pulse width modulation controller and modeling historical temperature data; and identifying metal foreign objects and outputting alarm information. Through multi-module collaborative optimization, the system addresses the technical shortcomings of traditional adapters under complex working conditions, improving user experience and ensuring device safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of adapter operation monitoring, and in particular to a power distribution protection system for a mobile phone power adapter. Background Art

[0002] With the widespread adoption of mobile devices like smartphones and wearables, users are placing significantly higher demands on the safety, efficiency, and compatibility of charging technologies. At the same time, the expansion of scenarios like wireless charging and multi-device collaborative charging places higher demands on power adapters' dynamic load response, multi-protocol compatibility, and thermal management capabilities.

[0003] When grid voltage fluctuates or load changes suddenly occur, traditional adapters are prone to transient overshoots or drops in output voltage, resulting in device charging interruptions and shortened battery life. Fixed charging curves cannot adapt to varying battery conditions (such as charge level and temperature), leading to overcharging, overheating, or reduced chemical activity. At high power densities, components such as transistors and electrolytic capacitors are prone to overheating, leading to failure or fire, and traditional passive cooling cannot provide real-time warnings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, a power distribution protection system for a mobile phone power adapter is provided. This technical solution solves the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A power distribution protection system for a mobile phone power adapter, comprising:

[0007] A voltage calibration module, which is used to perform intelligent dynamic current distribution and voltage calibration, responding to voltage fluctuations. When input voltage fluctuations are detected, the adapter stabilizes the output voltage within the operating voltage range through closed-loop feedback of the primary current and secondary voltage;

[0008] A load matching module, which is used to predict the device charging curve and match the dynamic load to reduce battery chemical stress;

[0009] A topology switching module is used for topology switching based on the load dynamic mode. When the load is light, the flyback topology design is used to reduce losses. When the load is heavy, the module switches to a quasi-resonant mode to improve efficiency.

[0010] A power distribution module, which is used to implement multi-protocol parallel processing through hardware multiplexing design, and dynamically allocate power to the adapter when connecting to both wired and wireless charging devices;

[0011] A mode conversion module, which is used to optimize the core material and winding structure, and dynamically adjust the voltage ratio by digitally controlling the inductance, so that the adapter automatically switches between high and low frequency modes;

[0012] A thermal runaway prediction module, which uses built-in thermistors and distributed temperature sensors to monitor the temperature of circuit boards, transistors, and electrolytic capacitors in real time, reduces the switching frequency through a pulse-width modulation controller, and models historical temperature data to predict potential thermal runaway risks;

[0013] A foreign object recognition module is used to identify metal foreign objects and output alarm information in a wireless charging scenario by monitoring changes in the coil resonant frequency.

[0014] Preferably, the voltage calibration module specifically includes:

[0015] The adapter continuously monitors the input voltage fluctuations of the mains and battery voltage changes through the input voltage sampling circuit;

[0016] Based on the working voltage of the mobile phone power supply, the input voltage fluctuation range is preset;

[0017] The primary current value is obtained in real time through the current transformer, and the sampled current is compared with the target current to obtain a first error signal;

[0018] The controller adjusts the pulse width modulation duty cycle, controls the on-time of the switch tube, and dynamically adjusts the primary current value;

[0019] Eliminate steady-state error by adjusting the secondary voltage;

[0020] The voltage-dividing resistor network samples the output voltage, compares the sampled voltage with the target voltage, and outputs a second error signal;

[0021] The controller adjusts the reference value of the secondary voltage loop to optimize the output voltage;

[0022] The primary current loop has a fast response speed and is responsible for fast power regulation, while the secondary voltage loop has high precision and is responsible for steady-state calibration;

[0023] Determine whether a sudden change in input voltage occurs. If so, the primary current loop is activated first, and pulse width modulation is used to compensate for the power change. The secondary voltage loop fine-tunes the pulse width modulation based on the output voltage deviation to eliminate the residual error. If not, no output is made.

[0024] In a multi-output adapter, the primary power is dynamically allocated based on the current requirements of each load.

[0025] The ambient temperature is monitored by a thermistor, the voltage loop reference value is adjusted, and the compensation temperature drift is set.

[0026] Preferably, the power distribution module specifically includes:

[0027] At the hardware level, communication packets of wired and wireless protocols are processed alternately through time slicing to avoid protocol conflicts.

[0028] Through magnetic isolation technology, the power transmission paths of wired and wireless charging are physically isolated;

[0029] Calculate the product of the ratio of the equivalent resistance of the wired charging device to the equivalent resistance of the total device and the total power, and output it as the wired charging power;

[0030] The difference between the total power and the wired charging power is output as the wireless charging power;

[0031] Dynamically adjust the power distribution ratio through the controller;

[0032] The duty cycle of the converter is adjusted through the pulse width modulation signal to adjust the output voltage and current, thereby adjusting the wired charging power;

[0033] The wireless charging power can be adjusted by adjusting the capacitance and inductance values of the resonant compensation network.

[0034] Preferably, the mode conversion module specifically includes:

[0035] In high-frequency scenarios, nanocrystals are used as the core material to reduce high-frequency eddy current losses, increase magnetic flux density, and adapt to high-frequency switching frequencies;

[0036] In low-frequency scenarios, amorphous alloys are used as magnetic core materials to reduce hysteresis losses at low frequencies and adapt to low-frequency switching frequencies.

[0037] Finite element simulation is used to analyze the loss distribution of the core at high and low frequencies to determine the optimal match between the core size and material thickness.

[0038] Distributed air gap design is used to reduce magnetic flux concentration and lower the risk of core saturation at high frequencies;

[0039] Increase the core cross-sectional area, improve the flux carrying capacity, and reduce the hysteresis loss at low frequency;

[0040] Litz wire is used as the winding structure to reduce skin effect and proximity effect, lower high-frequency core loss, and segmented winding or staggered winding method is adopted to reduce interlayer capacitance and leakage inductance;

[0041] Copper foil is used as the winding structure to reduce DC resistance and copper loss at low frequencies. Concentric winding is used to balance resistance and inductance, thereby improving energy transmission efficiency.

[0042] Determine the conductor cross-sectional area based on the current density and maximum load current;

[0043] The duty cycle and winding turns ratio are adjusted through digital control to achieve dynamic voltage ratio regulation;

[0044] Preset current threshold based on adapter operating current;

[0045] Sample the output current to determine whether the load current is lower than the preset current threshold. If so, switch to high-frequency mode; if not, switch to low-frequency mode.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] The charging curve is predicted based on the real-time status of the device, and the output current is dynamically adjusted to the trickle, constant current, and constant voltage stages to reduce the internal resistance loss of the battery and extend the cycle life. Through hardware reuse design, multi-protocol parallel processing is achieved, and power is dynamically allocated to each port. The magnetic core material such as amorphous alloy and winding structure are optimized, and the voltage ratio is dynamically adjusted through digitally controlled inductance, automatically switching between high and low frequency modes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the power distribution protection system for a mobile phone power adapter according to the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the voltage calibration module structure of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the load matching module structure of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the topology switching module structure of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the power distribution module structure of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the mode conversion module structure of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal runaway prediction module structure of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The following description is intended to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are merely examples, and those skilled in the art may conceive of other obvious variations.

[0056] Reference Figure 1 As shown, a power distribution protection system for a mobile phone power adapter includes:

[0057] A voltage calibration module, which is used to perform intelligent dynamic current distribution and voltage calibration, responding to voltage fluctuations. When input voltage fluctuations are detected, the adapter stabilizes the output voltage within the operating voltage range through closed-loop feedback of the primary current and secondary voltage;

[0058] A load matching module, which is used to predict the device charging curve and match the dynamic load to reduce battery chemical stress;

[0059] A topology switching module is used for topology switching based on the load dynamic mode. When the load is light, the flyback topology design is used to reduce losses. When the load is heavy, the module switches to a quasi-resonant mode to improve efficiency.

[0060] A power distribution module, which is used to implement multi-protocol parallel processing through hardware multiplexing design, and dynamically allocate power to the adapter when connecting to both wired and wireless charging devices;

[0061] A mode conversion module, which is used to optimize the core material and winding structure, and dynamically adjust the voltage ratio by digitally controlling the inductance, so that the adapter automatically switches between high and low frequency modes;

[0062] A thermal runaway prediction module, which uses built-in thermistors and distributed temperature sensors to monitor the temperature of circuit boards, transistors, and electrolytic capacitors in real time, reduces the switching frequency through a pulse-width modulation controller, and models historical temperature data to predict potential thermal runaway risks;

[0063] A foreign object recognition module is used to identify metal foreign objects and output alarm information in a wireless charging scenario by monitoring changes in the coil resonant frequency.

[0064] Reference Figure 2 As shown, the voltage calibration module specifically includes:

[0065] The adapter continuously monitors the input voltage fluctuations of the mains and battery voltage changes through the input voltage sampling circuit;

[0066] Based on the working voltage of the mobile phone power supply, the input voltage fluctuation range is preset;

[0067] The primary current value is obtained in real time through the current transformer, and the sampled current is compared with the target current to obtain a first error signal;

[0068] The controller adjusts the pulse width modulation duty cycle, controls the on-time of the switch tube, and dynamically adjusts the primary current value;

[0069] Eliminate steady-state error by adjusting the secondary voltage;

[0070] The voltage-dividing resistor network samples the output voltage, compares the sampled voltage with the target voltage, and outputs a second error signal;

[0071] The controller adjusts the reference value of the secondary voltage loop to optimize the output voltage;

[0072] The primary current loop has a fast response speed and is responsible for fast power regulation, while the secondary voltage loop has high precision and is responsible for steady-state calibration;

[0073] Determine whether a sudden change in input voltage occurs. If so, the primary current loop is activated first, and pulse width modulation is used to compensate for the power change. The secondary voltage loop fine-tunes the pulse width modulation based on the output voltage deviation to eliminate the residual error. If not, no output is made.

[0074] In a multi-output adapter, the primary power is dynamically allocated based on the current requirements of each load.

[0075] The ambient temperature is monitored by a thermistor, the voltage loop reference value is adjusted, and the compensation temperature drift is set.

[0076] Use a high-precision voltage-divider resistor network, such as a metal film resistor with an accuracy of ±0.1%, to rectify and filter the input AC power before sampling, or directly monitor the battery terminal voltage. The input voltage signal is isolated and buffered by a voltage follower composed of an operational amplifier to avoid interference from the subsequent circuit. According to the output specifications of the mobile phone power adapter, set the input voltage safe operating range, such as ±10% of the rated value.

[0077] Reference Figure 3 As shown, the load matching module specifically includes:

[0078] Based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the equivalent circuit model of the adapter, a physical model for charging curve prediction is constructed;

[0079] Integrate the voltage jumps monitored in real time during charging, dynamically correct the prediction results, and output the voltage-current-time curve for the future charging cycle;

[0080] Analyze the frequency domain characteristics of the load current through fast Fourier transform to identify periodic high-power events during operation;

[0081] The objective function is set to minimize the battery chemical stress by quantifying the internal resistance loss and polarization voltage;

[0082] Use weighted fair queuing algorithm to allocate bandwidth to at least one load;

[0083] The weight of each load distribution, the higher the weight, the greater the bandwidth ratio allocated;

[0084] Maintain an independent virtual timestamp for each payload and update its virtual time based on the packet arrival time and preset weight;

[0085] Select the load with the smallest virtual time to send the data packet to achieve weighted fairness;

[0086] The negative electrode potential is monitored in real time through a three-electrode battery to determine whether the negative electrode potential is lower than the lithium plating potential. If so, protection is triggered to force the reduction of non-critical load power. If not, no output is made.

[0087] Lithium deposition potential refers to the behavior and potential changes of lithium ions in electrode materials during the charge and discharge process of lithium batteries. When lithium ions migrate from negative electrode materials such as graphite to positive electrode materials, the lithium deposition potential refers to the minimum energy that the positive electrode can provide. During the charging process, lithium ions are embedded in the negative electrode, and during overdischarge, lithium ions migrate from the positive electrode to the negative electrode and precipitate metallic lithium. Changes in the ratio of the battery's negative electrode capacity to the positive electrode capacity will affect the lithium deposition potential. A lower ratio may lead to lithium deposition at the negative electrode, while a higher ratio may lead to excessive lithium desorption at the positive electrode.

[0088] Reference Figure 4 As shown, the topology switching module specifically includes:

[0089] Determine whether the real-time load is less than 50% of the rated load. If so, the current scenario is output as a light load scenario. In a flyback topology with light load, switching losses dominate, and losses are reduced by optimizing the on-resistance and switching frequency. If not, the current scenario is output as a heavy load scenario. The switching losses of a hard-switched flyback increase with increasing current, and resonance technology is used to reduce conduction losses.

[0090] For light-load flyback topology, choose a flyback converter, using a transistor with low on-resistance and a Schottky diode with low forward voltage drop;

[0091] When the load is light, the switching frequency is reduced to reduce switching losses, and the controller enters intermittent working mode;

[0092] When the load is light, the controller outputs a flyback drive signal with a fixed frequency pulse width modulation. When the load is heavy, the controller switches to a quasi-resonant drive signal. The transformer leakage inductance and the resonant capacitor form a resonant circuit, and the leakage inductance voltage presents a decaying oscillation waveform.

[0093] The demagnetization time of the transformer is detected through the auxiliary winding to determine the first valley moment of the leakage inductance voltage;

[0094] Turning on the transistor at the valley moment achieves zero voltage switching and reduces turn-on loss.

[0095] By adjusting the winding gap or core air gap, the resonant capacitance value is calculated according to the transformer leakage inductance. The leakage inductance voltage decay waveform is monitored by the auxiliary winding voltage, showing an exponential decay oscillation. The controller samples the winding voltage zero crossing point and oscillation period, determines the first valley moment, and turns on the transistor at the valley moment. At this time, the leakage inductance voltage is 0, eliminating the turn-on loss.

[0096] Reference Figure 5 As shown, the power distribution module specifically includes:

[0097] At the hardware level, communication packets of wired and wireless protocols are processed alternately through time slicing to avoid protocol conflicts.

[0098] Through magnetic isolation technology, the power transmission paths of wired and wireless charging are physically isolated;

[0099] Calculate the product of the ratio of the equivalent resistance of the wired charging device to the equivalent resistance of the total device and the total power, and output it as the wired charging power;

[0100] The difference between the total power and the wired charging power is output as the wireless charging power;

[0101] Dynamically adjust the power distribution ratio through the controller;

[0102] The duty cycle of the converter is adjusted through the pulse width modulation signal to adjust the output voltage and current, thereby adjusting the wired charging power;

[0103] The wireless charging power can be adjusted by adjusting the capacitance and inductance values of the resonant compensation network.

[0104] The system detects the access status of wired / wireless devices and sets an initial power allocation ratio, such as 70% for wired and 30% for wireless. It collects voltage, current, and temperature data every 10ms to update the equivalent resistance and power requirements. If the battery level of a wired device is less than 20%, power is allocated preferentially, such as 80% for wired and 20% for wireless. If a wireless device supports fast charging, its power is dynamically increased, such as 50% for wired and 50% for wireless. If the temperature exceeds the threshold, power is gradually reduced based on priority, starting with wireless and then wired. After the fault is resolved, power is restored in 10% increments to avoid sudden power changes.

[0105] Reference Figure 6 As shown, the mode conversion module specifically includes:

[0106] In high-frequency scenarios, nanocrystals are used as the core material to reduce high-frequency eddy current losses, increase magnetic flux density, and adapt to high-frequency switching frequencies;

[0107] In low-frequency scenarios, amorphous alloys are used as magnetic core materials to reduce hysteresis losses at low frequencies and adapt to low-frequency switching frequencies.

[0108] Finite element simulation is used to analyze the loss distribution of the core at high and low frequencies to determine the optimal match between the core size and material thickness.

[0109] Distributed air gap design is used to reduce magnetic flux concentration and lower the risk of core saturation at high frequencies;

[0110] Increase the core cross-sectional area, improve the flux carrying capacity, and reduce the hysteresis loss at low frequency;

[0111] Litz wire is used as the winding structure to reduce skin effect and proximity effect, lower high-frequency core loss, and segmented winding or staggered winding method is adopted to reduce interlayer capacitance and leakage inductance;

[0112] Copper foil is used as the winding structure to reduce DC resistance and copper loss at low frequencies. Concentric winding is used to balance resistance and inductance, thereby improving energy transmission efficiency.

[0113] Determine the conductor cross-sectional area based on the current density and maximum load current;

[0114] The duty cycle and winding turns ratio are adjusted through digital control to achieve dynamic voltage ratio regulation;

[0115] Preset current threshold based on adapter operating current;

[0116] Sample the output current to determine whether the load current is lower than the preset current threshold. If so, switch to high-frequency mode; if not, switch to low-frequency mode.

[0117] To address the problems of high core loss, high risk of magnetic saturation, and low energy transmission efficiency in traditional adapters during high-frequency / low-frequency mode switching, the mode conversion module is collaboratively designed through material optimization, structural innovation, and digital control to achieve efficient and reliable operation under all working conditions.

[0118] Reference Figure 7 As shown in Figure 1, the thermal runaway prediction module specifically includes:

[0119] Mount thermistors around power components to monitor surface temperature in real time;

[0120] Flexible thin-film temperature sensors are symmetrically placed on the top and bottom layers of the circuit board to capture temperature differences between layers and avoid missing local hot spots.

[0121] A K-type thermocouple is embedded at the bottom of the transistor heat sink to directly measure the heat sink temperature and infer the chip junction temperature based on the thermal resistance parameters.

[0122] Install an infrared temperature sensor near the drive circuit to monitor the transistor case temperature contactlessly and verify the thermocouple data;

[0123] A fiber Bragg grating sensor is attached to the surface of the capacitor body to monitor the internal temperature through the optical fiber strain-temperature coupling effect, thus avoiding the impact of traditional sensors on the life of the capacitor.

[0124] Place thermistors at the center and edge of the capacitor array to compare temperature gradients and optimize heat dissipation path design.

[0125] Switching each sensor channel through a multiplexer polling reduces the number of converters required;

[0126] Perform cold-end compensation and linearization processing on thermocouple signals to eliminate ambient temperature interference;

[0127] When at least two components are over-temperature at the same time, the transistor switching frequency is reduced first. When a single component is over-temperature, the frequency of that component is reduced.

[0128] Model historical temperature data and construct a long short-term memory neural network model;

[0129] The input layer records time series temperature data, the hidden layer captures long-term and short-term dependencies, and the output layer records the S-shaped growth curve activation function, outputting the probability of thermal runaway;

[0130] Inputting the current temperature, the historical temperature extremes and the frequency adjustment amplitude into the long short-term memory neural network model;

[0131] The temperature curve, frequency change and thermal runaway probability are displayed in real time on the display.

[0132] The S-shaped growth curve activation function is used for the output of hidden layer neurons. Its value range is (0,1). It can map a real number to the interval (0,1) and can be used for binary classification. It works better when the feature differences are complex or not particularly large. The S-shaped growth curve activation function is the excitation function in the neural network. It is a smooth and strictly monotonic saturation function.

[0133] Furthermore, the present solution also proposes a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer-readable program is stored. When the computer-readable program is called, the above-mentioned mobile phone power adapter power distribution protection system is executed.

[0134] It is understandable that the storage medium may be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, a hard disk, or a magnetic tape; an optical medium, such as a DVD; or a semiconductor medium, such as a solid state disk (SSD).

[0135] In summary, the advantages of the present invention are: predicting the charging curve based on the real-time status of the device, dynamically adjusting the output current such as trickle, constant current, and constant voltage stages, reducing the internal resistance loss of the battery, and extending the cycle life. Through hardware reuse design, it realizes multi-protocol parallel processing, dynamically allocates power to each port, optimizes the magnetic core material such as amorphous alloy and winding structure, dynamically adjusts the voltage ratio through digital control of inductance, and automatically switches between high and low frequency modes.

[0136] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions merely illustrate the principles of the present invention. Various changes and modifications may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Such changes and modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A power distribution protection system for a mobile phone power adapter, characterized in that: include: A voltage calibration module, which is used to perform intelligent dynamic current distribution and voltage calibration, responding to voltage fluctuations. When input voltage fluctuations are detected, the adapter stabilizes the output voltage within the operating voltage range through closed-loop feedback of the primary current and secondary voltage; A load matching module, which is used to predict the device charging curve and match the dynamic load to reduce battery chemical stress; A topology switching module is used for topology switching based on the load dynamic mode. When the load is light, the flyback topology design is used to reduce losses. When the load is heavy, the module switches to a quasi-resonant mode to improve efficiency. A power distribution module, which is used to implement multi-protocol parallel processing through hardware multiplexing design, and dynamically allocate power to the adapter when connecting to both wired and wireless charging devices; A mode conversion module, which is used to optimize the core material and winding structure, and dynamically adjust the voltage ratio by digitally controlling the inductance, so that the adapter automatically switches between high and low frequency modes; A thermal runaway prediction module, which uses built-in thermistors and distributed temperature sensors to monitor the temperature of circuit boards, transistors, and electrolytic capacitors in real time, reduces the switching frequency through a pulse-width modulation controller, and models historical temperature data to predict potential thermal runaway risks; A foreign object recognition module, which is used to identify metal foreign objects and output alarm information by monitoring changes in the coil resonant frequency in wireless charging scenarios; The voltage calibration module specifically includes: The adapter continuously monitors the input voltage fluctuations of the mains and battery voltage changes through the input voltage sampling circuit; Based on the working voltage of the mobile phone power supply, the input voltage fluctuation range is preset; The primary current value is obtained in real time through the current transformer, and the sampled current is compared with the target current to obtain a first error signal; The controller adjusts the pulse width modulation duty cycle, controls the on-time of the switch tube, and dynamically adjusts the primary current value; Eliminate steady-state error by adjusting the secondary voltage; The voltage-dividing resistor network samples the output voltage, compares the sampled voltage with the target voltage, and outputs a second error signal; The controller adjusts the reference value of the secondary voltage loop to optimize the output voltage; The primary current loop has a fast response speed and is responsible for fast power regulation, while the secondary voltage loop has high precision and is responsible for steady-state calibration; Determine whether a sudden change in input voltage occurs. If so, the primary current loop is activated first, and pulse width modulation is used to compensate for the power change. The secondary voltage loop fine-tunes the pulse width modulation based on the output voltage deviation to eliminate the residual error. If not, no output is made. In a multi-output adapter, the primary power is dynamically allocated based on the current requirements of each load. Monitor the ambient temperature through thermistors, adjust the voltage loop reference value, and set compensation temperature drift; The load matching module specifically includes: Based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the equivalent circuit model of the adapter, a physical model for charging curve prediction is constructed; Integrate the voltage jumps monitored in real time during charging, dynamically correct the prediction results, and output the voltage-current-time curve for the future charging cycle; Analyze the frequency domain characteristics of the load current through fast Fourier transform to identify periodic high-power events during operation; The objective function is set to minimize the battery chemical stress by quantifying the internal resistance loss and polarization voltage; Use weighted fair queuing algorithm to allocate bandwidth to at least one load; The weight of each load distribution, the higher the weight, the greater the bandwidth ratio allocated; Maintain an independent virtual timestamp for each payload and update its virtual time based on the packet arrival time and preset weight; Select the load with the smallest virtual time to send the data packet to achieve weighted fairness; The negative electrode potential is monitored in real time through a three-electrode battery to determine whether the negative electrode potential is lower than the lithium plating potential. If so, protection is triggered to force the reduction of non-critical load power. If not, no output is made.

2. A mobile phone power adapter power distribution protection system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The topology switching module specifically includes: Determine whether the real-time load is less than 50% of the rated load. If so, the current scenario is output as a light load scenario. In a flyback topology with light load, switching losses dominate, and losses are reduced by optimizing the on-resistance and switching frequency. If not, the current scenario is output as a heavy load scenario. The switching losses of a hard-switched flyback increase with increasing current, and resonance technology is used to reduce conduction losses. For light-load flyback topology, choose a flyback converter, using a transistor with low on-resistance and a Schottky diode with low forward voltage drop; When the load is light, the switching frequency is reduced to reduce switching losses, and the controller enters intermittent working mode; When the load is light, the controller outputs a flyback drive signal with a fixed frequency pulse width modulation. When the load is heavy, the controller switches to a quasi-resonant drive signal. The transformer leakage inductance and the resonant capacitor form a resonant circuit, and the leakage inductance voltage presents a decaying oscillation waveform. The demagnetization time of the transformer is detected through the auxiliary winding to determine the first valley moment of the leakage inductance voltage; Turning on the transistor at the valley moment achieves zero voltage switching and reduces turn-on loss.

3. A mobile phone power adapter power distribution protection system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The power distribution module specifically includes: At the hardware level, communication packets of wired and wireless protocols are processed alternately through time slicing to avoid protocol conflicts. Through magnetic isolation technology, the power transmission paths of wired and wireless charging are physically isolated; Calculate the product of the ratio of the equivalent resistance of the wired charging device to the equivalent resistance of the total device and the total power, and output it as the wired charging power; The difference between the total power and the wired charging power is output as the wireless charging power; Dynamically adjust the power distribution ratio through the controller; The duty cycle of the converter is adjusted through the pulse width modulation signal to adjust the output voltage and current, thereby adjusting the wired charging power; The wireless charging power can be adjusted by adjusting the capacitance and inductance values of the resonant compensation network.

4. A mobile phone power adapter power distribution protection system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mode conversion module specifically includes: In high-frequency scenarios, nanocrystals are used as the core material to reduce high-frequency eddy current losses, increase magnetic flux density, and adapt to high-frequency switching frequencies; In low-frequency scenarios, amorphous alloys are used as magnetic core materials to reduce hysteresis losses at low frequencies and adapt to low-frequency switching frequencies. Finite element simulation is used to analyze the loss distribution of the core at high and low frequencies to determine the optimal match between the core size and material thickness. Distributed air gap design is used to reduce magnetic flux concentration and lower the risk of core saturation at high frequencies; Increase the core cross-sectional area, improve the flux carrying capacity, and reduce the hysteresis loss at low frequency; Litz wire is used as the winding structure to reduce skin effect and proximity effect, lower high-frequency core loss, and segmented winding or staggered winding method is adopted to reduce interlayer capacitance and leakage inductance; Copper foil is used as the winding structure to reduce DC resistance and copper loss at low frequencies. Concentric winding is used to balance resistance and inductance, thereby improving energy transmission efficiency. Determine the conductor cross-sectional area based on the current density and maximum load current; The duty cycle and winding turns ratio are adjusted through digital control to achieve dynamic voltage ratio regulation; Preset current threshold based on adapter operating current; Sample the output current to determine whether the load current is lower than the preset current threshold. If so, switch to high-frequency mode; if not, switch to low-frequency mode.

5. A mobile phone power adapter power distribution protection system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The thermal runaway prediction module specifically includes: Mount thermistors around power components to monitor surface temperature in real time; Flexible thin-film temperature sensors are symmetrically placed on the top and bottom layers of the circuit board to capture temperature differences between layers and avoid missing local hot spots. A K-type thermocouple is embedded at the bottom of the transistor heat sink to directly measure the heat sink temperature and infer the chip junction temperature based on the thermal resistance parameters. Install an infrared temperature sensor near the drive circuit to monitor the transistor case temperature contactlessly and verify the thermocouple data; A fiber Bragg grating sensor is attached to the surface of the capacitor body to monitor the internal temperature through the optical fiber strain-temperature coupling effect, thus avoiding the impact of traditional sensors on the life of the capacitor. Place thermistors at the center and edge of the capacitor array to compare temperature gradients and optimize heat dissipation path design. Switching each sensor channel through a multiplexer polling reduces the number of converters required; Perform cold-end compensation and linearization processing on thermocouple signals to eliminate ambient temperature interference; When at least two components are over-temperature at the same time, the transistor switching frequency is reduced first. When a single component is over-temperature, the frequency of that component is reduced. Model historical temperature data and construct a long short-term memory neural network model; The input layer records time series temperature data, the hidden layer captures long-term and short-term dependencies, and the output layer records the S-shaped growth curve activation function, outputting the probability of thermal runaway; Inputting the current temperature, the historical temperature extremes and the frequency adjustment amplitude into the long short-term memory neural network model; The temperature curve, frequency change and thermal runaway probability are displayed in real time on the display.

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