Method for advancing tuberization of late-maturing potato variety by grafting

Abstract

The invention provides a method for advancing tuberization of late-maturing potato varieties through grafting. The method for advancing tuberization of the late-maturing potato variety by grafting comprises the following steps: S1, planting a stock of the late-maturing potato variety by adopting a potting method: selecting a healthy and damage-free potato block with the mass of 80-100g, sowing the potato block in a flowerpot with the pot height of 58 cm, the diameter of 40 cm and a uniformly mixed nutrient soil and matrix, enabling a single plant to have the height of about 50-75 cm, and taking the potato block as the stock at the initial stage of budding; s2, planting early-maturing potato variety scions by adopting a potting method; s3, final singling of seedlings; s4, grafting; s5, grafted plant management; s6, observing the tuberization condition of the late-maturing stock. The method for advancing tuberization of the late-maturing potato variety through grafting has the advantages that the late-maturing rootstock is induced to tuberize in advance through heterogenous early-maturing scions, and the method has important scientific significance and production practice value for studying how to accurately regulate and control the change of the tuberization time of the potatoes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of crop grafting, and particularly relates to a method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting. Background Art

[0002] Potato is the fourth largest food crop in the world, second only to wheat, rice and corn. Because of its wide adaptability, complete nutritional components and low comprehensive production cost, it is widely planted in more than 150 countries around the world and has become the staple food of more than 1.3 billion people worldwide. Different flowering and tuber formation times, leaf senescence and life cycle lengths of potato varieties are considered the most important agronomic traits for differentiating potato maturity. At present, the key regulatory factors for controlling tuber formation time are still unclear. Grafting is an ancient agricultural production technique with a history of 4,000 years in China. In agricultural production, rootstocks can control plant structure by enhancing scions, induce early flowering, enhance pest and disease resistance and soil adaptability, and are widely used to study the material exchange and mobile signals between scions and rootstocks. Research shows that RNA, proteins, hormones, and even chloroplasts and nuclear genomes can be transported from rootstocks to scions. The key genes for potato tuber formation, StBEL5, StPOTH1 and StSP6A, can be transferred downward to stolon tips through the graft union site to regulate potato tuber formation. Using grafting technology to heterologously graft early and late-maturing varieties, transcriptome analysis of grafted combined plants reveals differentially expressed genes and main metabolic pathways for inducing tuber formation in early and late-maturing varieties, providing new genetic resources for the study of regulating tuber formation time in early and late-maturing potato varieties.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem solved by the present invention is to provide a method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing rootstocks by inducing them with heterologous early-maturing scions, which has important scientific significance and production practice value for studying how to precisely regulate the transformation of potato tuber formation time.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting provided by the present invention includes the following steps: S1: Plant the late-maturing potato variety rootstock by the potting method: Select healthy and undamaged potato tubers with a mass of 80-100 g, and sow them in a flower pot with a height of 58 cm and a diameter of 40 cm filled with a mixture of nutrient soil and base mass. The single plant height is about 50-75 cm, and it is used as the rootstock at the early budding stage; S2: Plant the early-maturing potato variety scion using the potting method: Select healthy and undamaged potato tubers weighing approximately 80 - 100 g, and sow them in flowerpots with a height of 58 cm and a diameter of 40 cm filled with a well-mixed equal amount of nutrient soil and substrate. The single plant height is approximately 40 - 60 cm, and during the tuber formation period, it is used as a scion for heterologous grafting; S3: Thin out the seedlings: After the emergence and when the plants grow to approximately 20 cm, select 1 healthy and uniformly growing plant per pot, and remove the excess plants from the roots with scissors; S4: Grafting: Use the cleft grafting method for grafting. Remove the excess part of the late-maturing plant with scissors at the stem segment 5 - 7 cm above the ground, and make a vertical incision 3 - 4 cm deep in the middle of the stem segment; Take the top stem segment of 10 - 15 cm of the early-maturing plant and retain the functional leaves. After cutting the scion into a smooth wedge shape and inserting it into the vertical incision, immediately fix it with a breathable sealing film; S5: Management of grafted plants: After grafting, cover the scion with a fresh-keeping bag to keep it moist. After 7 days, remove the fresh-keeping bag and carry out water and fertilizer management according to the conventional management measures; S6: Observation of tuber formation in the late-maturing rootstock: After continuously culturing the grafted and survived plants for 18 days, observe the tuber formation situation of the late-maturing rootstock.

[0006] Compared with the related technologies, the method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting. Using the late-maturing potato variety Qingshu 9 as the rootstock and the early-maturing potato variety Favorita as the scion, the heterologous early-maturing scion grafted onto the late-maturing rootstock combination plants form tubers earlier compared to the self-grafted combination and non-grafted plants, providing a new idea for studying the change in tuber formation time between early and late-maturing varieties; The implementation conditions of the present invention are in a greenhouse, and the cultivation conditions of the rootstock and scion are the same. The temperature, humidity, light conditions, etc. can be artificially controlled, ensuring the grafting survival rate; The present invention is carried out by the method of potting and thinning out the seedlings, with simple operation, low cost, high grafting survival rate, strong practicability, and has a certain value for popularization and application. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0007] Figure 1 It is a phenotypic diagram of each grafted combination plant 18 days after survival in the embodiment of the method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting provided by the present invention, and the late-maturing variety shows tuber formation performance; Figure 2 It is a comparison diagram after grafting between Qingshu 9 and Favorita in the embodiment of the method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting provided by the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0008] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0009] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , where Figure 1 is the phenotypic diagram of each grafting combination plant 18 days after survival in the embodiment of the method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting provided by the present invention, and the late-maturing varieties show tuber formation performance; Figure 2 is the comparison diagram after grafting between Qingzhu 9 and Favorita in the embodiment of the method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting provided by the present invention. The method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting includes the following steps: S1: Plant the rootstock of the late-maturing potato variety by the potting method: Select healthy and undamaged potato tubers weighing about 80 - 100 g, and sow them in flowerpots with a height of 58 cm and a diameter of 40 cm filled with a well-mixed equal amount of nutrient soil and substrate. The single plant height is about 50 - 75 cm, and it can be used as the rootstock at the early budding stage.

[0010] S2: Plant the scion of the early-maturing potato variety by the potting method: Select healthy and undamaged potato tubers weighing about 80 - 100 g, and sow them in flowerpots with a height of 58 cm and a diameter of 40 cm filled with a well-mixed equal amount of nutrient soil and substrate. The single plant height is about 40 - 60 cm, and it is used as the scion for heterologous grafting during the tuber formation period.

[0011] S3: Thin out the seedlings: After emergence and when they grow to about 20 cm, select 1 healthy and uniformly growing plant in each pot, and remove the remaining plants from the roots with scissors.

[0012] S4: Grafting: Use the cleft grafting method for grafting. Remove the excess part with scissors at the stem segment 5 - 7 cm above the ground of the late-maturing plant, and make a vertical incision 3 - 4 cm deep in the middle of the stem segment; Take the top stem segment of 10 - 15 cm of the early-maturing plant and retain the functional leaves. After cutting the scion into a smooth wedge shape and inserting it into the vertical incision, immediately fix it with a breathable sealing film.

[0013] S5: Management of grafted plants: After grafting, cover the scion with a fresh-keeping bag to keep it moist. Remove the fresh-keeping bag after 7 days, and carry out water and fertilizer management according to conventional management measures.

[0014] S6: Observation of tuber formation of the late-maturing rootstock: After continuously culturing the grafted and survived plants for 18 days, observe the tuber formation situation of the late-maturing rootstock. Example

[0015] The test materials selected were the late-maturing potato variety Qingshu 9 with a growth period of 120 days, abbreviated as "Q", and the early-maturing variety Favorita with a growth period of 60 days, abbreviated as "F". The grafting experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Institute of Biotechnology, Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry. The potting method was adopted. The experiment started on April 27, 2023, and 100 pots were planted for each variety. On July 6, 2023, the seedlings were thinned, and 1 plant was left in each pot. The ungrafted Q was set as the control, and the treatments were decapitated X / Q, self-grafted QQ, and heterologous grafted FQ (X / Q: removing the top, QQ: Qingshu 9 grafted onto Qingshu 9, FQ: Favorita grafted onto Qingshu 9). 24 pots were replicated for each combination, and the potted plants were placed in a random arrangement.

[0016] Operate according to the method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting provided by the present invention. The specific comparison is as Figure 1 shown. It can be seen from Figure 1 that by using the grafting method provided by the present invention, the early-maturing scion can induce the late-maturing rootstock to form tubers in advance.

[0017] Compared with the related technology, the method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for advancing tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting. Using the late-maturing potato variety Qingshu 9 as the rootstock and the early-maturing potato variety Favorita as the scion, the tuber formation of the heterologous early-maturing scion grafted onto the late-maturing rootstock combination plants is earlier than that of the self-grafted combination and ungrafted plants, providing a new idea for studying the transformation of tuber formation time between early- and late-maturing varieties; the implementation conditions of the present invention are in the greenhouse, and the cultivation conditions of the rootstock and scion are the same. The temperature, humidity, and light conditions can be artificially controlled, ensuring the grafting survival rate; the present invention adopts the method of potting and thinning seedlings, which is simple in operation, low in cost, high in grafting survival rate, strong in practicability, and has a certain value for popularization and application.

[0018] The above are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention accordingly. Any equivalent structural or equivalent process transformation made by using the content of the specification and drawings of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, shall be included in the patent protection scope of the present invention by the same token.

Claims

1. A method for accelerating the tuber formation of late-maturing potato varieties by grafting, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Planting late-maturing potato varieties using the pot method: Select healthy and undamaged tubers weighing 80-100 g and sow them in a pot with a height of 58 cm and a diameter of 40 cm filled with a mixture of nutrient soil and base. The height of a single plant is about 50-75 cm, and it is used as the rootstock in the early stage of bud formation; S2: Planting early-maturing potato varieties using the potting method: Select healthy and undamaged tubers weighing about 80-100 g and sow them in a pot with a height of 58 cm and a diameter of 40 cm filled with an equal mixture of nutrient soil and substrate. The height of a single plant is about 40-60 cm. Use it as a scion for allogeneic grafting during the tuber stage; S3: Determining the seedlings: After the seedlings have grown to about 20 cm, select one healthy plant with uniform growth in each pot, and remove the extra plants from the roots with scissors; S4: Grafting: Use cleft grafting to graft. For late-maturing plants, use scissors to remove excess parts at the stem section 5-7 cm above the ground, and make a 3-4 cm deep vertical incision in the middle of the stem section. Take the top stem section 10-15 cm from the early-maturing plants and keep the functional leaves. Cut the scion into a smooth wedge shape and insert it into the vertical incision, and immediately fix it with a sealing film with good air permeability. S5: Grafted plant management: After grafting, cover the scion with a fresh-keeping bag to keep it moist. Remove the fresh-keeping bag after 7 days and manage water and fertilizer according to conventional management measures; S6: Observation of tuber formation on late-maturing rootstocks: After culturing the grafted surviving plants for 18 days, observe the tuber formation on the late-maturing rootstocks.

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