A sugarcane hole punching and mulching machine

Abstract

The application discloses a sugarcane punching and film covering machine, which comprises a rack, a film winding roller, a punching mechanism, a film pressing mechanism, a tensioning mechanism and a control module.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of sugarcane planting technology, and in particular to a sugarcane perforation and film covering machine. Background Technology

[0002] Sugarcane is a sugar crop, suitable for planting in fertile soil, with ample sunshine, large temperature differences between winter and summer, abundant rainfall, relatively high temperatures throughout the year, and in plains or flat terrain with sufficient solar radiation. Sugarcane is a tropical and subtropical crop, characterized by its preference for high temperatures, high water requirements, high nutrient absorption, and long growing season. It has particularly high heat requirements; if the minimum winter temperature drops below 0℃, it may suffer frost damage. The river valleys, plains, and deltas in the mid-subtropical, south-subtropical, and tropical regions of southern my country, with their favorable hydrothermal conditions, are suitable areas for sugarcane cultivation. Therefore, sugarcane planting requires mulching to ensure adequate moisture and heat supply and to suppress weed growth.

[0003] However, after the sugarcane planting area is covered with film, holes need to be punched in the film. Punching holes in the biodegradable black film is an important technical measure in the sugarcane planting process. It not only helps the sugarcane seedlings to emerge smoothly, but also improves the efficiency of field management, reduces the risk of high temperature and pests and diseases, and ultimately increases the yield and economic benefits of sugarcane.

[0004] The existing film mulching and perforating machine includes a mobile frame with a film rolling roller. A biodegradable black film perforating mechanism is also installed at the rear of the frame. A handrail is fixed to the frame at an angle above it and is also located behind the film pressing roller. The biodegradable black film perforating mechanism includes a perforating drill bit, a perforating handle, a scale plate, a scale plate positioning plate, and a support rod. The above-mentioned film mulching and perforating machine performs film mulching and perforation operations on tobacco ridges by pushing it by hand, which is inefficient and not conducive to large-scale planting. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above shortcomings, this invention provides a sugarcane perforation and film covering machine that can perforate the biodegradable black film according to the planting distance while covering the film, with a high degree of automation.

[0006] The specific technical solution is as follows: A sugarcane punching and film covering machine, comprising: The frame has a moving mechanism for moving along the sugarcane ridges. The moving mechanism is equipped with an encoder to detect the travel distance and send the travel distance to the control module. Film roll, which is rotatably connected to the frame, is used to unwind biodegradable black film; The perforation mechanism is located at the tail end of the frame or on one side of the film roll. The perforation mechanism is controlled by the control module to perforate the biodegradable black film. The film pressing mechanism can press down on both sides of the unwound biodegradable black film; The tensioning mechanism is capable of lifting the middle of the unwound biodegradable black film; The control module connects to the frame's moving mechanism, encoder, and drilling mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the punching mechanism includes a punch and a punching drive unit, the punching drive unit is fixed on the frame, the punch and the movable end of the punching drive unit are fixedly connected, and the punching drive unit is connected to the control module.

[0008] Preferably, the punch includes a punch head, a connecting rod, and a punch cylinder. One end of the punch head is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod. One end of the punch cylinder is a closed structure, and the other end of the punch cylinder is an open structure. One end of the connecting rod is inserted into the punch cylinder through the open structure. The outer diameter of the connecting rod is larger than the outer diameter of the punch head. The connection between the connecting rod and the punch head forms a stepped structure. The side wall of the punch cylinder is provided with a movable groove. The movable groove is located on the side wall at the open end. The movable groove is provided with a movable hole that penetrates the side wall of the punch cylinder. A sliding rod is slidably connected to the movable hole. A limit block and a locking block are respectively connected to both ends of the sliding rod. The limit block is located on the outside of the punch cylinder, and the locking block is located on the inside of the punch cylinder. The locking block can cooperate with the stepped structure to fix the connecting rod. The locking block can move with the sliding rod and be stored in the movable groove. A first spring is provided between the limit block and the punch cylinder. When the locking block is stored in the movable groove, the punch head can be disengaged from the punch cylinder. When the locking block abuts against the stepped structure, the locking block fixes the connecting rod inside the punch cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, the contact surface between the snap-fit ​​block and the stepped structure is a plane or a first inclined surface, the first inclined surface being inclined from the lower outer side to the upper inner side; the surface of the snap-fit ​​block corresponding to the punch is a second inclined surface, the second inclined surface being inclined from the lower outer side to the upper inner side.

[0010] Preferably, the film pressing mechanism includes a first pressing wheel, a second pressing wheel, a first wheel support, a second wheel support, a first sleeve, a second sleeve, a second spring, and a third spring. The first sleeve and the second sleeve are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the frame. Both the first sleeve and the second sleeve are adjustablely connected to the frame. The first wheel support and the second wheel support are respectively inserted into the first sleeve and the second sleeve. The second spring and the third spring are respectively sleeved on the outside of the first wheel support and the second wheel support. The second spring is fixedly connected to the first wheel support and the first sleeve. The first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are rotatably connected to the first wheel support and the second wheel support. The first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are in contact with the two side edges of the unwound biodegradable black film.

[0011] Preferably, the frame is provided with two adjustment slots, each of which is provided with an adjustment shaft. The adjustment shaft is provided with an external thread, and the adjustment shaft is connected to a bushing through the external thread. The first bushing and the second bushing are rotatably connected to the two bushings respectively. The adjustment shaft is threaded with two nuts, and the two threads are located on both sides of the bushing respectively. The outer diameter of each nut is larger than the outer diameter of the bushing.

[0012] Preferably, the tensioning mechanism includes a tensioning belt, an unwinding wheel, and a guide wheel. The unwinding wheel is rotatably connected to the frame. The tensioning belt is wound around the unwinding wheel. One end of the tensioning belt is fixedly connected to the middle of the biodegradable black film. The tensioning belt is wound around the guide wheel. The guide wheel is rotatably connected to the frame. The portion of the tensioning belt that extends out from the guide wheel contacts the middle of the biodegradable black film.

[0013] Preferably, the end of the punch is coated with a diamond-like coating; a pressure sensor is installed at the end of the punch, and the pressure sensor is connected to the control module.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a pressing mechanism, which includes a pressing roller, a pressing shaft, and two swing legs. The two swing legs are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the frame. One end of each swing leg is rotatably connected to the frame, and the other end of each swing leg is rotatably connected to the pressing shaft. The pressing roller is sleeved on the outside of the pressing shaft and is rotatably connected to the pressing shaft.

[0015] Preferably, it also includes a soil covering mechanism, which includes two contour legs and two soil covering wheels. One end of each contour leg is hinged to the frame, and the other end of each contour leg is rotatably connected to the two soil covering wheels. The two contour legs are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the frame, and the two soil covering wheels are located behind the frame in the forward direction.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: This invention relates to a sugarcane perforation and mulching machine for efficiently completing biodegradable black film mulching and precise perforation on sugarcane ridges, thereby improving planting efficiency, reducing labor costs, and optimizing the soil environment for sugarcane growth. Covering with biodegradable or black biodegradable film inhibits weed growth and maintains soil moisture and temperature. Perforations are made in the biodegradable black film according to preset row and plant spacing to facilitate sugarcane seed placement or seedling growth. First, the biodegradable black film and one end of the tension belt are fixed to the initial end of the sugarcane ridge. The first and second pressing rollers press the two sides of the biodegradable black film firmly to the ground. A moving mechanism drives the frame to move. During the movement, the fixed end of the biodegradable black film pulls it from the film-rolling roller and lays it on the sugarcane ridge. The soil-covering mechanism covers the soil to the edges of the biodegradable black film and presses it firmly. An encoder reads the movement stroke. Based on the preset sugarcane planting interval, the control module matches the read movement stroke with the sugarcane planting interval and controls the hydraulic cylinder to dynamically adjust the perforation frequency, thus automating the biodegradable black film laying and perforation process. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. In all the drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a right view of a sugarcane punching and film covering machine.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the punch.

[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a front view of a sugarcane punching and film covering machine.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a left view of the film pressing mechanism.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a right view of the film pressing mechanism.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the punching mechanism.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the film pressing mechanism and the frame.

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the tensioning mechanism.

[0027] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the suppression mechanism.

[0028] 1 is the frame, 11 is the wheel assembly, 12 is the encoder, 2 is the punching mechanism, 21 is the punch, 22 is the punch cylinder, 221 is the movable groove, 23 is the first locking assembly, 231 is the limit block, 232 is the first spring, 233 is the sliding rod, 234 is the snap-fit ​​block, 2341 is the second inclined surface, 24 is the connecting rod, 25 is the stepped structure, 26 is the stamping drive unit, 3 is the tensioning mechanism, 31 is the unwinding wheel, 32 is the tensioning belt, 33 is the guide wheel, 4 is the biodegradable black film, 5 is the film pressing mechanism, 51 is the first Sleeve, 52 is the first wheel support, 53 is the second spring, 54 is the first pressure roller, 55 is the second sleeve, 56 is the second wheel support, 57 is the third spring, 58 is the second pressure roller, 59 is the second locking assembly, 591 is the nut, 592 is the bushing, 593 is the adjusting shaft, 594 is the adjusting groove, 6 is the soil covering mechanism, 7 is the control module, 8 is the film rolling roller, 9 is the pressing mechanism, 91 is the pressing roller, 92 is the second swing rod, 93 is the fourth spring, 94 is the first swing rod, and 95 is the pressing shaft. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0031] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. Where the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes and to distinguish technical features, they should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the sequential relationship of the indicated technical features.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of this invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0033] like Figures 1-9 As shown, this embodiment provides a sugarcane perforation and film covering machine, comprising: The frame 1 has a moving mechanism for moving along the sugarcane ridges. The moving mechanism is equipped with an encoder 12, which detects the travel distance and sends this distance to the control module 7. The moving mechanism includes four wheel sets 11, located at the four corners of the frame 1 and connected to the frame 1 via wheel set supports, driving the frame 1 to move. An encoder 12 is connected to the axle of one of the wheel sets 11 to monitor the travel speed in real time. For more accurate speed monitoring, encoders 12 can be installed on all four wheel sets 11.

[0034] Film roll 8 is rotatably connected to frame 1 and is used to unwind biodegradable black film 4. The punching mechanism 2 is located at the tail end of the frame 1 or on one side of the film roll 8. The punching mechanism 2 is controlled by the control module 7 to punch holes in the biodegradable black film 4. The film pressing mechanism 5 can press down on both sides of the unwound biodegradable black film 4. Tensioning mechanism 3, which can lift the middle part of the unwound biodegradable black film 4; The control module 7 connects the moving mechanism of the frame 1, the encoder 12, and the punching mechanism 2. The control module 7 can be an existing PLC controller. The control module 7 reads the moving stroke through the encoder. According to the preset sugarcane planting interval, the control module matches the read moving stroke with the sugarcane planting interval and controls the hydraulic cylinder to adjust the action rhythm of the punching mechanism 2, thereby realizing the adjustable planting distance and the flexible adjustment of the spacing according to different planting densities.

[0035] The sugarcane perforation and film covering machine provided in this embodiment is used to efficiently complete the covering and precise perforation of biodegradable black film 4 on sugarcane ridges, thereby improving planting efficiency, reducing labor costs, and optimizing the soil environment for sugarcane growth. Covering with biodegradable or black biodegradable film 4 inhibits weed growth and maintains soil moisture and temperature. Perforations are made in the biodegradable black film 4 according to preset row and plant spacing to facilitate the placement of sugarcane seed stalks or the growth of seedlings.

[0036] In some embodiments, a GPS positioning module may also be installed on the frame 1. The GPS positioning module calculates the walking speed and compensates for the calculation speed of the encoder 12, thereby ensuring the accuracy of drilling holes in the biodegradable black film 4.

[0037] The punching mechanism 2 includes a punch and a punching drive unit 26. The punching drive unit 26 is fixed on the frame 1. The punch and the movable end of the punching drive unit 26 are fixedly connected. The punching drive unit 26 is connected to the control module 7.

[0038] The punch includes a punch head 21, a connecting rod 24, and a punch cylinder 22. One end of the punch head 21 is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod 24. One end of the punch cylinder 22 is closed, and the other end is open. One end of the connecting rod 24 is inserted into the punch cylinder 22 through the opening. The outer diameter of the connecting rod 24 is larger than the outer diameter of the punch head 21. A stepped structure 25 is formed at the connection between the connecting rod 24 and the punch head 21. The side wall of the punch cylinder 22 is provided with a movable groove 221, which is located on the side wall at the opening. The movable groove 221 has a movable hole that penetrates the side wall of the punch cylinder 22. A sliding rod 233 is slidably connected to the movable hole. The two ends are respectively connected to a limiting block 231 and a locking block 234. The limiting block 231 is located on the outside of the punch cylinder 22, and the locking block 234 is located on the inside of the punch cylinder 22. The locking block 234 can cooperate with the stepped structure 25 to fix the connecting rod 24. The locking block 234 can move with the sliding rod 233 and be stored in the movable groove 221. A first spring 232 is provided between the limiting block 231 and the punch cylinder 22. When the locking block 234 is stored in the movable groove 221, the punch 21 can be disengaged from the punch cylinder 22. When the locking block 234 abuts against the stepped structure 25, the locking block 234 fixes the connecting rod 24 in the punch cylinder 22. Specifically, the end of the punch 21 facing the ground is conical. The punching drive unit 26 can be hydraulically or mechanically driven. In this embodiment, the punching drive unit 26 is driven by a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder drives the punch to vertically pierce the biodegradable black film 4, resulting in neat holes with no burrs on the edges. It is highly adaptable and the hole spacing can be controlled by adjusting the punching frequency. Specifically, the encoder 12 monitors the vehicle speed in real time, and the punching frequency is dynamically adjusted by the hydraulic cylinder. For example, when the frame 1 moves 10cm (hole spacing), the controller sends a pulse signal to start the punch. The punch 21 can be made of hard alloy (such as tungsten steel) to reduce wear. The first locking assembly 23, composed of the limit block 231, the first spring 232, the sliding rod 233, the locking block 234, and the movable groove, can effectively fix the connecting rod 24 and the punch inside the punch cylinder 22. By setting the punch with the above structure, different punches can be replaced according to different hole diameter requirements, which can be used to plant tissue culture seedlings or other crops, making it more versatile. In some other embodiments, to ensure consistent drilling depth, a distance sensor can be installed at the punch 22. The distance sensor detects the distance between the punch 22 and the biodegradable black film 4 and sends a distance signal to the control module 7. The control module 7 then controls the extension length of the hydraulic cylinder. In some other embodiments, this can also be achieved by setting a corresponding contouring structure.

[0039] The contact surface between the snap-fit ​​block 234 and the stepped structure 25 is a plane or a first inclined surface, with the first inclined surface tilting from the lower outer side to the upper inner side; the surface of the snap-fit ​​block 234 corresponding to the punch 21 is a second inclined surface 2341, with the second inclined surface 2341 tilting from the lower outer side to the upper inner side. With this design, when the punch 21 needs to be replaced, pulling the limiting block 231 moves the sliding rod 233, and the locking block 234 is housed in the movable slot 221, allowing the punch 21 to be removed. The new punch 21 and connecting rod 24 are then inserted into the punch cylinder 22. First, they contact the second inclined surface 2341, which, under pressure, moves the sliding rod 233 into the movable slot 221. This continues until the connecting rod 24 is fully inside the punch cylinder 22. At this point, the locking block 234, no longer under pressure from the connecting rod 24, moves inward under the action of a spring, contacting the stepped structure 25 and locking the punch 21 and connecting rod 24 securely within the punch cylinder 22. This design facilitates the replacement of the punch 21.

[0040] The film pressing mechanism 5 includes a first pressing wheel 54, a second pressing wheel 58, a first wheel support 52, a second wheel support 56, a first sleeve 51, a second sleeve 55, a second spring 53, and a third spring 57. The first sleeve 51 and the second sleeve 55 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the frame 1. The first sleeve 51 and the second sleeve 55 are both adjustablely connected to the frame 1. The first wheel support 52 and the second wheel support 56 are respectively inserted into the first sleeve 51 and the second sleeve 55. The second spring 53 and the third spring 57 are respectively sleeved on the outside of the first wheel support 52 and the second wheel support 56. The second spring 53 is fixedly connected to the first wheel support 52 and the first sleeve 51, and the second spring 53 is fixedly connected to the second wheel support 56 and the second sleeve 55. The first pressing wheel 54 and the second pressing wheel 58 are rotatably connected to the first wheel support 52 and the second wheel support 56, respectively. The first pressing wheel 54 and the second pressing wheel 58 are in contact with the two side edges of the unwound biodegradable black film 4.

[0041] The frame 1 is provided with two adjustment slots 594, each containing an adjustment shaft 593. The adjustment shaft 593 has external threads and is connected to a bushing 592 via these threads. A first sleeve 51 and a second sleeve 55 are rotatably connected to the two bushings 592, respectively. Two nuts 591 are threaded onto the adjustment shaft 593, with the two threads located on opposite sides of the bushings 592. The outer diameter of each nut 591 is larger than the outer diameter of the bushing 592. By using a second locking assembly 59 composed of the adjustment slots 594, adjustment shafts 593, bushings 592, and nuts 591, the distance between the first pressing roller 54 and the second pressing roller 58 can be adjusted, making it suitable for different specifications of biodegradable black film 4.

[0042] The tensioning mechanism 3 includes a tension belt 32, an unwinding wheel 31, and a guide wheel 33. The unwinding wheel 31 is rotatably connected to the frame 1. The tension belt 32 is wound around the unwinding wheel 31. One end of the tension belt 32 is fixedly connected to the middle of the biodegradable black film 4. The tension belt 32 is wound around the guide wheel 33, which is rotatably connected to the frame 1. The portion of the tension belt 32 that extends out from the guide wheel 33 contacts the middle of the biodegradable black film 4. The first pressing wheel 54 and the second pressing wheel 58 press the two sides of the biodegradable black film 4. Considering that the middle of the biodegradable black film 4 may sink into the soil due to the impact of the punch 21 during the punching process, the tension belt 32 is used to lift and provide partial support, which can ensure that the biodegradable black film 4 adheres to the ground as much as possible. At the same time, the tension belt 32 can also work with the first pressing wheel 54 and the second pressing wheel 58 to press the biodegradable black film 4 to fully unfold and lay it on the sugarcane ridge.

[0043] In some embodiments, there are two tensioning mechanisms 3, which are symmetrically distributed on the frame 1. One end of each of the two tensioning bands 32 is fixedly connected to the two sides of the middle part of the biodegradable black film 4, further ensuring that the biodegradable black film 4 is fully unfolded and laid on the sugarcane ridge.

[0044] The tip of the punch 21 is coated with a diamond-like carbon coating. This design further protects the punch 21 and extends its lifespan by 3-5 times.

[0045] A pressure sensor is installed at the end of the punch 21, and the pressure sensor is connected to the control module 7. By installing a pressure sensor at the end of the punch 21 facing the ground, a retraction is triggered when a sudden increase in resistance (such as a rock) is detected, effectively protecting the punch 21. At the same time, it can also record the presence of drilling obstacles at that location, making it convenient for staff to know.

[0046] like Figure 10As shown, the sugarcane punching and covering film machine also includes a pressing mechanism 9. The pressing mechanism 9 includes a pressing roller 91, a pressing shaft 95, and two swinging supports. The two swinging supports are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the frame. One end of each swinging support is rotatably connected to the frame, and the other end is rotatably connected to the pressing shaft 95. The pressing roller 91 is fitted over the outside of the pressing shaft 95 and is rotatably connected to it. By setting the pressing roller 91 at the front of the punching and covering film machine, the soil leveling is achieved, ensuring the flatness of the film covering and preventing the film from being punctured by large pieces of soil, thus ensuring effective film covering. It should be noted that the compaction mechanism 9 is located behind the existing ridging equipment; the swing support includes a first swing rod 94, a second swing rod 92, and a fourth spring 93. One end of the first swing rod 94 is fixedly connected to the frame, and one end of the second swing rod 92 is inserted into the first swing rod 94. The second swing rod 92 is slidably connected to the first swing rod 94, and the fourth spring 93 is connected to both the first swing rod 94 and the second swing rod 92. The sugarcane perforating and film covering machine also includes a soil covering mechanism 6, which includes two contoured supports and two soil covering wheels. One end of each contoured support is hinged to the frame 1, and the other end of each contoured support is rotatably connected to the two soil covering wheels. The two contoured supports are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the frame 1, and the two soil covering wheels are located behind the frame 1 in the forward direction. By connecting the covering wheel to the contour-following support, the covering wheel can move undulatingly with changes in terrain, ensuring that the soil is turned over to both sides of the biodegradable black film 4, compacting the sides of the biodegradable black film 4, and effectively preventing it from being blown away by the wind. By setting up the covering mechanism 6, during sugarcane mulching operations, the first pressing wheel 54 and the second pressing wheel 58 press the two sides of the biodegradable black film 4 firmly onto the ground, and the two covering wheels continuously cover the laid film with soil to complete the mulching.

[0047] It should be noted that the covering wheel is located at the very end of the entire sugarcane perforating and covering film machine's forward direction, the perforating mechanism is located upstream of the covering wheel, the film pressing mechanism is located upstream of the perforating mechanism, and the film rolling roller 8 is located upstream of the film pressing mechanism. This distribution ensures that the biodegradable black film is first pressed tightly on both sides by the film pressing mechanism after unwinding, then perforated, and finally covered with soil. Since the tension belt and the biodegradable black film are unwound at the same time, they move synchronously with the biodegradable black film at this point.

[0048] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A sugarcane perforation and film covering machine, characterized in that, include: The frame has a moving mechanism for moving along the sugarcane ridges. The moving mechanism is equipped with an encoder to detect the travel distance and send the travel distance to the control module. Film roll, which is rotatably connected to the frame, is used to unwind biodegradable black film; The perforation mechanism is located at the tail end of the frame or on one side of the film roll. The perforation mechanism is controlled by the control module to perforate the biodegradable black film. The film pressing mechanism can press down on both sides of the unwound biodegradable black film; The tensioning mechanism is capable of lifting the middle of the unwound biodegradable black film; The control module connects the frame's moving mechanism, encoder, and drilling mechanism. The punching mechanism includes a punch and a punching drive unit. The punching drive unit is fixed on the frame. The punch and the movable end of the punching drive unit are fixedly connected. The punching drive unit is connected to the control module. The punch includes a punch head, a connecting rod, and a punch cylinder. One end of the punch head is fixedly connected to one end of the connecting rod. One end of the punch cylinder is a closed structure, and the other end of the punch cylinder is an open structure. One end of the connecting rod is inserted into the punch cylinder through the open structure. The outer diameter of the connecting rod is larger than the outer diameter of the punch head. The connection between the connecting rod and the punch head forms a stepped structure. The side wall of the punch cylinder is provided with a movable groove. The movable groove is located on the side wall at the open end. The movable groove is provided with a movable hole that penetrates the side wall of the punch cylinder. A sliding rod is slidably connected to the movable hole. A limit block and a locking block are respectively connected to the two ends of the sliding rod. The limit block is located on the outside of the punch cylinder, and the locking block is located on the inside of the punch cylinder. The locking block can cooperate with the stepped structure to fix the connecting rod. The locking block can move with the sliding rod and be stored in the movable groove. A first spring is provided between the limit block and the punch cylinder. When the locking block is stored in the movable groove, the punch head can be disengaged from the punch cylinder. When the locking block abuts against the stepped structure, the locking block fixes the connecting rod inside the punch cylinder. The film pressing mechanism includes a first pressing wheel, a second pressing wheel, a first wheel support, a second wheel support, a first sleeve, a second sleeve, a second spring, and a third spring. The first and second sleeves are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the frame and are adjustablely connected to the frame. The first wheel support and the second wheel support are respectively inserted into the first and second sleeves. The second and third springs are respectively sleeved on the outside of the first and second wheel supports. The second spring is fixedly connected to both the first wheel support and the first sleeve. The first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are rotatably connected to the first and second wheel supports. The first pressing wheel and the second pressing wheel are in contact with the two side edges of the unwound biodegradable black film. The tensioning mechanism includes a tension belt, an unwinding wheel, and a guide wheel. The unwinding wheel is rotatably connected to the frame. The tension belt is wound around the unwinding wheel. One end of the tension belt is fixedly connected to the middle of the biodegradable black film. The tension belt is wound around the guide wheel. The guide wheel is rotatably connected to the frame. The part of the tension belt that wraps out from the guide wheel contacts the middle of the biodegradable black film.

2. The sugarcane perforation and film covering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The contact surface between the snap-fit ​​block and the stepped structure is a plane or a first inclined surface, with the first inclined surface sloping from the lower outer side to the upper inner side; the surface of the snap-fit ​​block corresponding to the punch is a second inclined surface, with the second inclined surface sloping from the lower outer side to the upper inner side.

3. The sugarcane perforation and film covering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The frame is provided with two adjustment slots, each containing an adjustment shaft. The adjustment shaft has an external thread and is connected to a bushing via the external thread. The first bushing and the second bushing are rotatably connected to the two bushings respectively. The adjustment shaft is threaded with two nuts, with the two threads located on both sides of the bushing. The outer diameter of each nut is larger than the outer diameter of the bushing.

4. A sugarcane perforation and film covering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The end of the punch is coated with a diamond-like carbon coating; a pressure sensor is installed at the end of the punch, and the pressure sensor is connected to the control module.

5. A sugarcane perforation and film covering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a pressing mechanism, which includes a pressing roller, a pressing shaft, and two swing feet. The two swing feet are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the frame. One end of each swing foot is rotatably connected to the frame, and the other end of each swing foot is rotatably connected to the pressing shaft. The pressing roller is sleeved on the outside of the pressing shaft and is rotatably connected to the pressing shaft.

6. A sugarcane perforation and film covering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a soil covering mechanism, which includes two contour legs and two soil covering wheels. One end of each contour leg is hinged to the frame, and the other end of each contour leg is rotatably connected to the two soil covering wheels. The two contour legs are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the frame, and the two soil covering wheels are located behind the frame in the forward direction.

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