A bactericide and its application in preventing and treating asparagus stem blight

Abstract

The application discloses a bactericide and application thereof in prevention and treatment of stem blight of asparagus, and belongs to the technical field of plant disease prevention and treatment. The bactericide for preventing and treating stem blight of asparagus is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: psyllium extract 20-30 parts, asarum extract 8-15 parts, poria cocos extract 8-15 parts and gallnut extract 40-60 parts. The bactericide prepared from Chinese herbal medicine raw materials effectively inhibits the occurrence and development of stem blight of asparagus, reduces environmental pollution and food safety problems, and has important significance for improving the yield of asparagus and economic benefits of asparagus planting.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plant disease prevention and treatment, in particular to a fungicide and its application in prevention and treatment of asparagus stem blight. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the continuous improvement of people's living standards, people's demand for asparagus is also increasing. Asparagus has strong drought resistance and can be planted in various places, but asparagus is prone to diseases during planting, and stem blight is one of them. Asparagus stem blight mainly affects the stems and branches of asparagus. The disease is caused by fungi and is transmitted through soil, especially in hot and humid climates. The initial symptom of asparagus stem blight is a small white spot on the stem and leaf, which then expands into a spindle-shaped or oval brown lesion. As the disease progresses, the lesion will expand, the central part will turn brown and concave, and many small black spots will appear, eventually leading to stem desiccation and dryness, and in severe cases, the whole plant may die. Prevention and treatment methods include selecting disease-resistant varieties, avoiding rain cultivation, balancing fertilization, scientific harvesting, removing diseased plants, and chemical control, but the above measures have problems such as long time-consuming, multiple procedures, incomplete control effect, yield reduction, and drug residues, which are not conducive to the development of asparagus planting industry. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a simple and effective, safe and environmentally friendly method for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight. SUMMARY

[0003] The purpose of the present application is to provide a fungicide and its application in prevention and treatment of asparagus stem blight to solve the problems existing in the prior art. The present application uses Chinese herbal medicine as raw material to prepare the fungicide, effectively inhibits the occurrence and development of asparagus stem blight, and improves the yield of asparagus, which is of great significance to improve the economic benefits of asparagus planting.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following solutions:

[0005] The present application provides a fungicide for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight, which is made of the following raw materials by weight: 20-30 parts of psyllium extract, 8-15 parts of asarum extract, 8-15 parts of poria cocos extract and 40-60 parts of gallnut extract.

[0006] The present application also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned fungicide, comprising the following steps:

[0007] (1) crushing the psyllium, adding an aqueous ethanol solution for reflux extraction, and then performing solid-liquid separation to obtain the psyllium extract;

[0008] (2) crushing asarum, soaking in water and then decocting, and then performing solid-liquid separation to obtain the asarum extract;

[0009] (3) crushing poria cocos, adding an aqueous ethanol solution for reflux extraction, and then performing solid-liquid separation to obtain the poria cocos extract;

[0010] (4) Grind the gallnut into powder, add water and decoct, and separate the solid and liquid to obtain the decoction and the residue; extract the residue by reflux with ethanol aqueous solution to obtain the extract; combine the extract and the decoction to obtain the gallnut extract;

[0011] (5) The plantain extract, the asarum extract, the poria extract and the gallnut extract are mixed to obtain the bactericide.

[0012] Preferably, in step (1), the mass-to-volume ratio of the plantain seed to the ethanol-water solution is 1:(6-8)mL; the volume fraction of the ethanol-water solution is 70-80%; the reflux extraction is performed 3 times, 1 hour each time, at a temperature of 85-95℃.

[0013] Preferably, in step (2), the mass-to-volume ratio of Asarum to water is 1g:(10-15)mL; the soaking time is 20-30min; the soaking temperature is 30-40℃; and the decoction time is 2h.

[0014] Preferably, in step (3), the mass-to-volume ratio of Poria cocos to the ethanol-water solution is 1g:(8-12)mL; the volume fraction of the ethanol-water solution is 80-95%; the reflux extraction is performed 3 times, 2 hours each time, at a temperature of 70-80℃.

[0015] Preferably, in step (4), the mass-to-volume ratio of gallnut to water is 1g:(6-8)mL; and the decoction time is 1-3h.

[0016] Preferably, in step (4), the mass-to-volume ratio of the residue to the ethanol-water solution is 1g:(6-10)mL; the volume fraction of the ethanol-water solution is 80-95%; the reflux extraction is performed twice, for 1 hour each time, at a temperature of 70-80℃.

[0017] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned fungicide or the fungicide prepared by the above-mentioned preparation method in the prevention and control of asparagus stem blight.

[0018] The present invention also provides a method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight, wherein the method comprises diluting the above-mentioned fungicide or the fungicide prepared by the above preparation method by 100 to 200 times and soaking the asparagus for 30 to 60 minutes before sowing; or, diluting the above-mentioned fungicide or the fungicide prepared by the above preparation method by 50 to 100 times and spraying it when asparagus shows stem blight, wherein the spraying frequency is once every 6 to 8 days.

[0019] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0020] This invention uses Plantago asiatica, Asarum heterotropoides, Poria cocos, and Galla chinensis as raw materials to prepare a fungicide. Employing a scientifically sound extraction method and formulation, the active ingredients in these four herbs synergistically inhibit the reproduction of asparagus stem blight pathogens, reducing the incidence and severity of asparagus stem blight and achieving effective control of the disease. This provides a new technical approach for the prevention and control of asparagus stem blight and for increasing yield. The fungicide prepared using all-herbal ingredients has minimal impact on asparagus growth, does not pose food safety issues, and does not cause environmental pollution, thus aligning with the concept of sustainable development. Detailed Implementation

[0021] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features, and embodiments of the present invention.

[0022] It should be understood that the terminology used in this invention is merely for describing particular embodiments and is not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, with respect to numerical ranges in this invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any stated value or intermediate value within a stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within said range, is also included in this invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0023] Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. While only preferred methods and materials have been described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the implementation or testing of this invention. All references to this specification are incorporated by way of citation to disclose and describe methods and / or materials associated with those references. In the event of any conflict with any incorporated reference, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0024] Various modifications and variations can be made to the specific embodiments described in this specification without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Other embodiments derived from this specification will also be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. This specification and embodiments are merely exemplary.

[0025] The terms “include,” “including,” “have,” “contain,” etc., used in this article are all open-ended terms, meaning that they include but are not limited to.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] This embodiment prepares a bactericide, and the specific process is as follows:

[0028] (1) Grind the plantain seeds to 10 mesh, add ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 75%) at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:8mL, reflux extract at 90℃ 3 times, 1h each time, filter to obtain the extract, which is the plantain seed extract.

[0029] (2) Grind Asarum into 10 mesh, add water at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:12mL, soak at 35℃ for 30min, then decoct for 2h, filter to obtain decoction, which is Asarum extract;

[0030] (3) Pulverize Poria cocos to 10 mesh, add ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 90%) at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:10mL, reflux extract at 75℃ 3 times, 2h each time, filter to obtain the extract, which is Poria cocos extract.

[0031] (4) Grind the gallnut into 10 mesh, add water at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:7mL, decoct for 2h, and separate the solid and liquid to obtain the decoction and the residue; mix the residue with an ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 90%), reflux extract twice at 75℃ for 1h each time, filter to obtain the extract; combine the extract with the decoction to obtain the gallnut extract.

[0032] (5) The plant extract, asarum extract, poria extract and gallnut extract are mixed in a mass ratio of 25:12:12:50 to obtain the bactericide.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] This embodiment prepares a bactericide, and the specific process is as follows:

[0035] (1) Grind the plantain seeds to 10 mesh, add ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 70%) at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:6mL, reflux extract at 85℃ 3 times, 1h each time, filter to obtain the extract, which is the plantain seed extract.

[0036] (2) Grind Asarum into 10 mesh, add water at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:10mL, soak at 30℃ for 20min, then decoct for 2h, filter to obtain decoction, which is Asarum extract;

[0037] (3) Pulverize Poria cocos to 10 mesh, add ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 80%) at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:8mL, reflux extract at 70℃ 3 times, 2h each time, filter to obtain the extract, which is Poria cocos extract.

[0038] (4) Grind the gallnut into 10 mesh, add water at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:6mL, decoct for 1h, and separate the solid and liquid to obtain the decoction and the residue; mix the residue with an ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 80%), reflux extract twice at 70℃ for 1h each time, filter to obtain the extract; combine the extract with the decoction to obtain the gallnut extract.

[0039] (5) Mix the Plantago seed extract, Asarum extract, Poria cocos extract and Galla chinensis extract in a mass ratio of 15:4:4:30 to obtain the bactericide.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] This embodiment prepares a bactericide, and the specific process is as follows:

[0042] (1) Grind the plantain seeds to 10 mesh, add ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 80%) at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:8mL, reflux extract at 95℃ 3 times, 1h each time, filter to obtain the extract, which is the plantain seed extract.

[0043] (2) Grind Asarum into 10 mesh, add water at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:15mL, soak at 40℃ for 30min, then decoct for 2h, filter to obtain decoction, which is Asarum extract;

[0044] (3) Pulverize Poria cocos to 10 mesh, add ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 95%) at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:12mL, reflux extract at 80℃ 3 times, 2h each time, filter to obtain the extract, which is Poria cocos extract.

[0045] (4) Grind the gallnut into 10 mesh, add water at a mass-volume ratio of 1g:8mL, decoct for 3h, and separate the solid and liquid to obtain the decoction and the residue; mix the residue with an ethanol aqueous solution (volume fraction 95%), reflux extract twice at 80℃ for 1h each time, filter to obtain the extract; combine the extract with the decoction to obtain the gallnut extract.

[0046] (5) The plant extract, asarum extract, poria extract and gallnut extract are mixed in a mass ratio of 20:15:15:40 to obtain the bactericide.

[0047] Comparative Example 1

[0048] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the plantain extract is replaced with asarum extract, and all other operations are the same.

[0049] Comparative Example 2

[0050] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the Asarum extract is replaced with Plantago seed extract, and all other operations are the same.

[0051] Comparative Example 3

[0052] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the Poria cocos extract is replaced with Gallnut extract, and all other operations are the same.

[0053] Comparative Example 4

[0054] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the gallnut extract is replaced with poria cocos extract, and all other operations are the same.

[0055] Comparative Example 5

[0056] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that Asarum is replaced with Sophora flavescens, and the other operations are the same.

[0057] Comparative Example 6

[0058] Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that gallnut is replaced with houttuynia cordata, and the other operations are the same.

[0059] Experimental Example 1

[0060] The efficacy verification tests were conducted on the fungicides used in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The specific procedures are as follows:

[0061] Experimental plots were selected, each with an area of ​​30m². 2 The subjects were divided into experimental groups (Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-6) and a blank control group (water), for a total of 10 treatments. The experimental plots were randomly arranged.

[0062] Asparagus (Jinggang 701) seeds were dried in the sun, then soaked in 30℃ water for 3 days to promote germination. Sowing was possible when the seeds showed signs of sprouting. Before sowing, the seeds were soaked in the corresponding group of pesticides for 30 minutes, then sown normally. The pesticides used in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were diluted 200 times. After the asparagus matured, it was harvested, and the disease incidence (control efficacy) during the asparagus growth period was recorded. The yield increase rate of the experimental groups was calculated. Disease incidence was statistically analyzed using a diagonal five-point sampling method. At each point, five adjacent asparagus clumps were sampled, and five plants were randomly investigated from each clump, for a total of 25 clumps and 125 asparagus plants.

[0063] The control efficacy is calculated as follows: Control efficacy (%) = (Number of diseased plants in the blank control group - Number of diseased plants in the experimental group) / Number of diseased plants in the blank control group × 100. The yield increase rate is calculated as follows: Yield increase rate (%) = (Yield of the experimental group - Yield of the blank control group) / Yield of the blank control group × 100.

[0064] The statistical results are shown in Table 1.

[0065] Table 1. Disease incidence and yield increase

[0066] Group Number of strains Control effect Yield increase rate Blank control group 68 - - Example 1 4 94.12％ 21.90％ Example 2 5 92.65％ 21.05％ Example 3 5 92.65％ 19.59％ Comparative example 1 13 80.88％ 6.73％ Comparative example 2 25 63.24％ 10.33％ Comparative example 3 16 76.47％ 16.51％ Comparative example 4 20 70.59％ 11.98％ Comparative example 5 30 55.88％ 6.50％ Comparative example 6 25 63.24％ 2.63％

[0067] Experimental Example 2

[0068] The efficacy verification tests were conducted on the fungicides used in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6. The specific procedures are as follows:

[0069] Experimental plots were selected where asparagus (Jinggang 701) was grown, with each plot having an area of ​​30m². 2 The asparagus was divided into experimental groups (Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 1-6) and a blank control group (water), for a total of 10 treatments. The experimental plots were randomly arranged. During the asparagus disease outbreak period, the above-mentioned agents were sprayed once every 7 days, for a total of 3 sprays, with each spray volume calculated at 2 ml / plant. The agents for Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were diluted 100 times before use. Two days after the third spraying, the disease index for each group was calculated. The disease grading standard was based on the standards recorded in Yang Yingqing et al., "Establishment of Identification Method for Asparagus Stem Blight Resistance and Screening of Asparagus Disease-Resistant Germplasm Resources," and the control efficacy was calculated. Simultaneously, asparagus was harvested and yields were recorded, and the yield increase rate of the experimental groups was calculated.

[0070] The prevention efficacy is calculated as follows: Prevention efficacy (%) = (Disease index of blank control group - Disease index of experimental group) / Disease index of blank control group × 100. The yield increase rate is calculated as follows: Yield increase rate (%) = (Yield of experimental group - Yield of blank control group) / Yield of blank control group × 100.

[0071] The statistical results are shown in Table 2.

[0072] Table 2 Disease incidence and yield increase

[0073] Group Control effect Yield increase rate Blank control group - - Example 1 94.23％ 17.23％ Example 2 93.33％ 16.33％ Example 3 93.10％ 17.07％ Comparative example 1 76.47％ 10.31％ Comparative example 2 63.93％ 6.32％ Comparative example 3 69.23％ 7.15％ Comparative example 4 72.73％ 8.25％ Comparative example 5 56.14％ 2.74％ Comparative example 6 54.39％ 2.24％

[0074] The results of Examples 1 and 2 above show that the fungicide of the present invention has good preventive and curative effects against asparagus stem blight. The results of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 show that omitting any one of the raw materials results in a lower control effect than the fungicide of the present invention. Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 5-6 show that replacing the raw materials in the fungicide of the present invention with raw materials known to inhibit fungi or control asparagus stem blight also reduces the control effect. This indicates that the fungicide of the present invention has strict selection criteria for raw materials; only by combining these raw materials can a synergistic effect be achieved, not only controlling asparagus stem blight but also increasing asparagus yield.

[0075] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fungicide for controlling asparagus stem blight, characterized in that, The bactericide is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of Plantago asiatica extract, 8-15 parts of Asarum heterotropoides extract, 8-15 parts of Poria cocos extract, and 40-60 parts of Galla chinensis extract. The method for preparing the bactericide includes the following steps: (1) Pulverize the plantain seeds, add an ethanol aqueous solution and reflux to extract, and then separate the solid and liquid to obtain the plantain seed extract; (2) The Asarum was crushed, soaked in water and then boiled. After solid-liquid separation, the Asarum extract was obtained. (3) Pulverize Poria cocos, add ethanol aqueous solution and reflux to extract, and obtain Poria cocos extract by solid-liquid separation; (4) Grind the gallnut into powder, add water and decoct, and separate the solid and liquid to obtain the decoction and the residue; extract the residue by reflux with ethanol aqueous solution to obtain the extract; combine the extract and the decoction to obtain the gallnut extract; (5) The plantain extract, the asarum extract, the poria extract and the gallnut extract are mixed to obtain the bactericide.

2. A method for preparing the bactericide according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Pulverize the plantain seeds, add an ethanol aqueous solution and reflux to extract, and then separate the solid and liquid to obtain the plantain seed extract; (2) The Asarum was crushed, soaked in water and then boiled. After solid-liquid separation, the Asarum extract was obtained. (3) Pulverize Poria cocos, add ethanol aqueous solution and reflux to extract, and obtain Poria cocos extract by solid-liquid separation; (4) Grind the gallnut into powder, add water and decoct, and separate the solid and liquid to obtain the decoction and the residue; extract the residue by reflux with ethanol aqueous solution to obtain the extract; combine the extract and the decoction to obtain the gallnut extract; (5) The plantain extract, the asarum extract, the poria extract and the gallnut extract are mixed to obtain the bactericide.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (1), the mass-to-volume ratio of the plantain seed to the ethanol-water solution is 1 g: (6-8) mL; the volume fraction of the ethanol-water solution is 70-80%; the reflux extraction is performed 3 times, each time for 1 hour, at a temperature of 85-95℃.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (2), the mass-to-volume ratio of Asarum to water is 1g:(10-15)mL; the soaking time is 20-30min, the soaking temperature is 30-40℃; and the decoction time is 2h.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (3), the mass-to-volume ratio of Poria cocos to the ethanol-water solution is 1 g: (8-12) mL; the volume fraction of the ethanol-water solution is 80-95%; the reflux extraction is performed 3 times, each time for 2 hours, at a temperature of 70-80℃.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (4), the mass-to-volume ratio of gallnut to water is 1g:(6-8)mL; the decoction time is 1-3h.

7. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step (4), the mass-to-volume ratio of the residue to the ethanol-water solution is 1g:(6-10)mL; the volume fraction of the ethanol-water solution is 80-95%; the reflux extraction is performed twice, for 1 hour each time, at a temperature of 70-80℃.

8. The application of the fungicide according to claim 1 or the fungicide prepared by any one of claims 2 to 7 in the prevention and control of asparagus stem blight.

9. A method for preventing and controlling asparagus stem blight, characterized in that, The method involves diluting the fungicide according to claim 1 or the fungicide prepared by any one of claims 2 to 7 by 100 to 200 times, and soaking it for 30 to 60 minutes before asparagus sowing; or diluting the fungicide according to claim 1 or the fungicide prepared by any one of claims 2 to 7 by 50 to 100 times, and spraying it when asparagus shows signs of stem blight, wherein the spraying frequency is once every 6 to 8 days.