Drainage basin variable parameter water model self-assembly system for intelligent water conservancy

Abstract

The invention discloses a drainage basin variable parameter water model self-assembly system for intelligent water conservancy. The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent water conservancy, and solves the problem that an existing drainage basin water model construction technology has limitations in the aspects of automation, intelligence and adaptability. The system comprises five subsystems including a wading element abstract instance subsystem, an element level identification subsystem, an element topological organization subsystem, a variable parameter model construction subsystem and a model self-assembly subsystem. The system adopts a technical route of element classification, element layering, topological organization, modeling parameter change, automatic assembly and overall calculation, and realizes hierarchical topological automatic intelligent processing of watershed wading elements and construction and automatic assembly of a water conservancy professional model. According to the method, water flow numerical simulation under drainage basin water engineering scheduling can be supported, technical support is provided for intelligent water conservancy forecasting, early warning, rehearsal and pre-arranged planning, the drainage basin water model construction efficiency can be improved, and the automation and standardization level of the construction process can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of smart water conservancy technology, and in particular to a watershed variable-parameter water model self-assembly system for smart water conservancy. Background Art

[0002] As an important direction of modern water conservancy projects, smart water conservancy aims to improve the efficiency and accuracy of flood and drought prevention and water resources management through the integration of information technology and intelligent technology. The basin water model is one of the core technologies in smart water conservancy. Its main functions include supporting flood forecasting, risk warning, water project scheduling rehearsal, and scheduling plan formulation, etc. However, the current basin water model construction technology still has many shortcomings, and innovation breakthroughs are urgently needed to meet industry needs.

[0003] The construction of a watershed water model requires comprehensive consideration of a variety of water-related elements, such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, flood storage areas, shoals, sluices, dams, pumping stations, etc., as well as the topological relationship and hydraulic connection between these elements. Especially under the influence of water engineering scheduling, the evolution of water flow in the basin is highly dynamic and complex, which puts higher demands on the flexibility and adaptability of the model. Traditional methods mostly rely on manual experience for model design and parameter adjustment, which is time-consuming, inefficient, and difficult to quickly respond to changes in water-related elements in the basin or simulation requirements of complex scenarios. Therefore, the industry urgently needs an automated and intelligent technical solution that can realize the rapid identification, classification and model self-assembly of water-related elements in the basin to improve construction efficiency and simulation accuracy.

[0004] The existing technologies in the field of basin water model construction mainly include the following categories: GIS-based hydrological model: Geographic Information System (GIS) is widely used for digital management and visualization of watershed hydrological elements, supporting the analysis of hydrological data. However, this type of model is more adept at processing static data and has limited ability to simulate dynamic water flow changes caused by water project scheduling.

[0005] Modular hydrodynamic models: Commercial software such as MIKE and HEC-RAS provide a wealth of modeling tools that can simulate one-dimensional, two-dimensional, and even three-dimensional water flow. These tools are powerful in function, but require users to manually configure model parameters and topological relationships, have a low degree of automation, and require a high level of professional knowledge from the operator.

[0006] Artificial intelligence-assisted hydrological forecasting: In recent years, machine learning and deep learning technologies have been introduced into the field of hydrological forecasting, using historical data to train models to improve forecast accuracy. However, such methods are highly dependent on historical data, making it difficult to adapt to structural changes in water-related elements within a basin, and still require human involvement in the model building stage.

[0007] Although the above technologies have promoted the development of watershed water models to a certain extent, the following significant problems still exist: Low automation: In the process of identifying, classifying, and topologically organizing water-related elements in the existing technologies, it highly relies on manual operations, resulting in low efficiency and prone to human errors.

[0008] Insufficient adaptability: Facing different watershed characteristics or water project scheduling scenarios, the existing models are difficult to quickly adjust and reconstruct, which limits their flexibility in diverse practical applications.

[0009] Poor model integration: Different types of water-related elements in the watershed, such as flood passage spaces, flood storage and detention spaces, engineering nodes, etc., often require different modeling methods, and the existing technologies are difficult to achieve the automatic assembly and collaborative calculation of these models, resulting in fragmented simulation results.

[0010] In summary, the current technologies for constructing watershed water models have obvious shortcomings in terms of automation, intelligence, and adaptability, and are difficult to meet the requirements of smart water conservancy for efficient and accurate flood and drought disaster prevention and water resource management. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an innovative technology that can automatically process water-related elements and achieve self-assembly of models to overcome the limitations of existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-assembly system for a variable-parameter water model of a watershed for smart water conservancy to solve the problem of limitations in automation, intelligence, and adaptability in the existing technologies for constructing watershed water models.

[0012] The present invention provides a self-assembly system for a variable-parameter water model of a watershed for smart water conservancy, including: An abstract instance subsystem for water-related elements, which is used to abstract water-related elements of a watershed into spatial elements and node elements according to their spatial dimensions; among them, the spatial elements are further subdivided into flood passage spaces and flood storage and detention spaces according to the influencing mode on water flow movement, and the node elements are further subdivided into boundary nodes, engineering nodes, topological nodes, and description nodes according to their existence forms and hydrological meanings; An element-level identification subsystem, which is used to assign five-level identification according to the influencing relationship and direction of water-related elements in the watershed to support the simulation process division and pre-data preparation of watershed water project scheduling and water flow evolution; for the five-level identification, the water-related elements with a smaller level number are used as the overall pre-level of the water-related elements with a larger level number, and the elements with a larger level number do not have hydraulic influence on the elements with a smaller level number. The first level to the fifth level are boundary nodes, engineering nodes, flood passage spaces and topological nodes, flood storage and detention spaces, and description nodes in sequence; for the third level, flood passage spaces and topological nodes, where the topological nodes are used to connect different flood passage space elements and provide water level and flow boundary information; The element topological organization subsystem is used to carry out topological analysis based on the mutual connection relationship and connection direction of the water-related elements in the basin, and obtain the topological connection order organization information of the water-related elements to guide the simulation calculation order of the water-related elements in the basin; The variable parameter model construction subsystem is used to construct a variable parameter water flow simulation model for the flood passage space, flood storage and detention space, and engineering nodes in the water-related elements of the basin, realize refined simulation, and support the numerical simulation of water flow under the influence of water project scheduling in the basin as the underlying simulation calculator; The model self-assembly subsystem is used to carry out element-level initialization, automatic assembly of element variable parameter models and overall calculation on the basis of obtaining the basin water flow deduction scenario data, and support the preview and pre-plan of the four anticipations of intelligent water conservancy.

[0013] Furthermore, the flood passage space elements of the water-related element abstraction and instantiation subsystem describe the internal water body movement through the free water body movement control equation, and the covered water-related elements include rivers, river networks, lakes, and reservoirs; the free water body movement control equation includes the Saint-Venant equation, the shallow water equation, and the Navier-Stokes equation.

[0014] Furthermore, the flood storage and detention space elements of the water-related element abstraction and instantiation subsystem jointly describe the internal water storage, discharge and evolution process through the combination of the free water body movement control equation and the hydraulic experience formula, and the covered water-related elements include flood storage and detention areas, and beach and civilian embankments; the free water body movement control equation includes the Saint-Venant equation, the shallow water equation, and the Navier-Stokes equation; the hydraulic experience formula includes the weir flow formula and the orifice flow formula.

[0015] Furthermore, the boundary node elements of the water-related element abstraction and instantiation subsystem refer to non-engineering nodes that dominate or influence the water flow movement, and the covered water-related elements include upstream incoming water nodes, tributary incoming water nodes, inter-basin incoming water nodes, water intake pump stations, drainage pump stations, downstream water level nodes, and downstream water level and flow relationship nodes; The engineering node elements of the water-related element abstraction and instantiation subsystem refer to engineering nodes that dominate or influence the water flow movement, and the covered water-related elements include dams, sluices, flood storage and detention area gates, and beach and civilian embankment gates; The topological node elements of the water-related element abstraction and instantiation subsystem refer to topological nodes used to connect spatial elements, and the covered water-related elements include river bifurcations and river-lake confluences; The description node elements of the water-related element abstraction and instantiation subsystem refer to nodes used to reflect the changes in water flow hydraulic information, and the covered water-related elements include river and lake hydrological stations and flood control control sections.

[0016] Furthermore, the element level identification subsystem carries out the numerical simulation order of basin water project scheduling and water flow evolution in the following hierarchical order: Level-1 boundary nodes are used to specify the boundary conditions of boundary nodes in the basin, including the incoming water process of upstream incoming water nodes, the incoming water process of tributary incoming water nodes, the incoming water process of inter-basin incoming water nodes, the water intake process of water intake pump stations, the water intake process of drainage pump stations, the water level process of downstream water level nodes, and the water level-discharge relationship of downstream water level-discharge relationship nodes; Level-2 project nodes are used to specify the scheduling methods of project nodes that affect the water flow movement in the basin, including the dam scheduling method, the sluice scheduling method, the opening time of gates and the flood diversion flow of flood detention areas and floodplain polders; Level-3 flood passage space and topological nodes are used to conduct numerical simulations of water flow within each flood passage space element and topological nodes; Level-4 flood detention space is used to conduct numerical simulation calculations of water flow within each flood detention space element; Level-5 description nodes are used to obtain the hydraulic information of the main description nodes in the basin after the numerical simulation of the basin water flow is completed, including the water level, flow rate, and flow velocity of hydrological stations and flood control cross-sections.

[0017] Furthermore, the element topological organization subsystem is used to obtain all upstream and downstream water-related elements of any element based on topological analysis; for key description nodes, extract the list of all upstream nodes, and locate and identify the nearest downstream boundary node among its own location and all downstream water-related elements; limit the basin water flow calculation domain to the nearest downstream boundary node and all its upstream water-related elements; for all water-related elements within the calculation domain, conduct topological analysis to obtain the connection order organization information of water-related nodes from upstream to downstream, and distinguish and process the cases of single connected paths and multiple connected paths during the analysis process; the connection order organization information includes the connection order between elements and the connected element organization information; the connected element organization information includes the connection method, connection direction, and connected coordinate position between elements.

[0018] Furthermore, the variable parameter model construction subsystem is used to construct one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional hydrodynamic models according to the geometric characteristics and simulation requirements of the flood passage space, construct two-dimensional hydrodynamic models for the flood detention space, and reflect the blocking effect of water-blocking buildings inside the flood detention space by combining hydraulic empirical formulas, and use hydraulic empirical formulas to simulate the submerged outflow and free outflow of weir flow or orifice flow for project nodes; When constructing the model, the variable parameter model construction subsystem marks the organization information of the currently concerned elements and other elements with hydraulic connections, which is used to guide the automatic assembly of the water flow simulation models of basin water-related elements; the model organization information of water-related elements includes the hydraulic information exchange unit or section between models and the geometric parameters of connected sections; The variable parameter model construction subsystem initializes the model variable parameter roughness and water level relationship curve cluster according to the riverbed geological conditions, shoal center beach development characteristics, and vegetation coverage characteristics of the flood discharge space when constructing the model; initializes the model variable parameter roughness spatial distribution grid according to the land use, building distribution, geological conditions, and shoal distribution of the flood storage space; and further calibrates the roughness based on the collection of engineering operation and hydrological data in representative years.

[0019] Furthermore, the model self-assembly subsystem is used to obtain attribute data of water-related elements of the watershed water flow simulation scene, and based on the water-related element abstract instance subsystem, the water-related elements are abstractly classified into flood discharge space, flood storage space, boundary node, engineering node, topological node or description node; Based on the element level identification subsystem, water-related elements are assigned first level, second level, and even fifth level identifications; Obtain the topological organization information of the water-related elements in the deduction scenario, identify the flood control hydrological site or flood control section of the deduction scenario as a key description node, and obtain the connection order organization information of each connection path of the water-related elements in the calculation domain from upstream to downstream based on the element topological organization subsystem, including the connection order between elements and the organization information of the connected elements; For the flood discharge space, flood storage space, and engineering nodes in the water-related elements in the calculation domain, a variable parameter water flow simulation model is constructed based on the variable parameter model construction subsystem, or a calibration model that has been constructed in the water flow simulation scenario is retrieved; Obtain the boundary conditions for the simulation scenario calculation and initialize the boundary conditions for the level 1 boundary nodes in the calculation domain; Obtain the engineering scheduling mode of the simulation scenario and initialize the scheduling mode of the level 2 engineering nodes in the computing domain; According to the connection order organization information of each connected path in the computational domain, as well as the organization information annotated when constructing the water flow model of the level three flood discharge space and topological nodes and the level four flood storage space, the water flow simulation model of each element in the computational domain is automatically assembled; Carry out numerical simulation of the overall water flow in the computational domain and obtain the water level, flow rate and flow velocity information of the five descriptive nodes in the computational domain level as the computational output of the water flow simulation scenario.

[0020] Furthermore, the water flow simulation models of each water-related element in the calculation domain remain relatively independent after automatic assembly. The assembly of any two connected element water flow simulation models is carried out by connecting element organization information and water-related element model organization information. The hydraulic information state quantities of the two assembled models at the connected coordinate positions are exchanged in real time during the calculation process, thereby realizing the key information transmission of the calculation process.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: A variable-parameter water model self-assembly system for river basins facing intelligent water conservancy according to the present invention solves problems such as low efficiency of manual modeling, poor parameter adaptability, and complex coupling of multiple elements in traditional river basin water models through hierarchical, parameterized, and automated model construction and assembly methods, realizing full-process intelligent processing from element abstraction to simulation output, and providing efficient and accurate technical support for river basin water project scheduling simulation and the four anticipations of intelligent water conservancy. This system has a high degree of automation. Through automated processing of element abstraction, hierarchical identification, and topological organization, manual intervention is greatly reduced, and the model construction efficiency is improved. It has strong adaptability and supports flexible combination of various hydrodynamic models and empirical formulas to meet the requirements of different river basins and scheduling scenarios. The model has strong integration, realizing automatic assembly and collaborative calculation of each element model, ensuring real-time exchange of hydraulic information at the connected positions of connected elements and overall simulation accuracy. The parameter calibration is scientific. The variable parameter roughness coefficient is initialized based on the actual situation of the simulation object, and the roughness coefficient calibration is further carried out in combination with measured data to ensure the reliability and practicability of the simulation results. It supports the four anticipations of intelligent water conservancy and provides efficient and accurate support for flood forecasting, risk warning, scheduling rehearsal, and scheduling plan formulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the accompanying drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the variable-parameter water model self-assembly system for river basins facing intelligent water conservancy according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a schematic flow diagram of the element topological organization subsystem according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 It is a schematic flow diagram of the model self-assembly subsystem according to the present invention. SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments and corresponding accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention. The following will describe in detail the technical solutions provided by each embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3, the present invention designs a self-assembly system for a variable-parameter water model in a river basin for intelligent water conservancy, and achieves the goal through a technical route of element classification, element stratification, topological organization, modeling variable parameters, automatic assembly, and overall calculation. The functions of each subsystem are described in detail below and illustrated with embodiments.

[0028] 1. Abstraction and instantiation of water-related elements The subsystem for abstracting and instantiating water-related elements abstracts them into two major categories, namely spatial elements and node elements, according to the spatial dimension and hydrological characteristics of water-related elements in the river basin, and further subdivides them: (1) Spatial elements: Divided according to the way of influencing the water flow movement, including flood passage space and flood storage and detention space: (1.1) Flood passage space: The internal water movement is described by the control equation of free water body movement, and the water-related elements covered include rivers, river networks, lakes, and reservoirs; among them, the control equation of free water body movement includes the Saint-Venant equation, corresponding to the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model; the shallow water equation, corresponding to the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model; the Navier-Stokes equation, corresponding to the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model).

[0029] Illustrative examples: Typical application scope of the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model in the flood passage space: The Saint-Venant equations are used for rivers and river networks, which are suitable for simulating the longitudinal water flow evolution.

[0030] Typical application scope of the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model in the flood passage space: The shallow water equation is used for river network branches, lakes, and runoff reservoirs, considering the water blocking effect of sandbars and new beaches with vegetation.

[0031] Typical application scope of the three-dimensional hydrodynamic model in the flood passage space: The Navier-Stokes equation is used for the deep density flow in reservoirs and the saltwater-freshwater mixing area at the estuary, combined with a turbulence model to simulate the complex flow field.

[0032] (1.2) Flood storage and detention space: For discontinuous storage and discharge areas affected by terrain, buildings, etc., such as flood storage and detention areas, sandbar and residential embankments, etc., the internal water storage, discharge, and evolution process is jointly described by combining the control equation of free water body movement and hydraulic empirical formulas. The water-related elements covered include flood storage and detention areas, sandbar and residential embankments: The control equation of free water body movement includes the Saint-Venant equation, the shallow water equation, and the Navier-Stokes equation. The hydraulic empirical formulas include the weir flow formula and the orifice flow formula.

[0033] The two-dimensional shallow water equation is used for the main flow simulation, and the grid resolution is adjusted according to the area of the flood storage and detention area, sandbar and residential embankment and the actual situation inside; The flow calculation of flood diversion sluices and internal water blocking buildings in the flood storage and detention space adopts hydraulic empirical formulas to achieve a refined description of the storage and discharge process in the flood storage and detention space.

[0034] (2) Node elements: Based on the existing form and hydrological significance, it includes: (2.1) Boundary nodes: Non-engineering nodes that dominate or influence the water flow movement. The water-related elements covered include upstream inflow nodes, tributary inflow nodes, inter-basin inflow nodes, water intake pumping stations, drainage pumping stations, downstream water level nodes, and downstream water level-discharge relationship nodes.

[0035] (2.2) Engineering nodes: Engineering nodes that dominate or influence the water flow movement. The water-related elements covered include dams, sluice gates, flood storage and detention area gates, and gates of sandbars and flood embankments for residents.

[0036] (2.3) Topological nodes: Topological nodes used to connect spatial elements. The water-related elements covered include river channel bifurcation points and river-lake confluences, which can transmit the water level and discharge data of the connected spatial elements in real time.

[0037] (2.4) Description nodes: Nodes that reflect the changes in water flow hydraulic information. The water-related elements covered include river and lake hydrological stations and flood control cross-sections, which are the key positions for the verification and output of simulation results.

[0038] 2. Element level identification and simulation process division The element level identification subsystem assigns five-level identification based on the influence relationship and direction of water-related elements in the basin, supports the simulation process division and pre-data preparation of basin water project scheduling and water flow evolution, and constructs a "bottom layer precondition - high layer dependence" simulation logic: for the five-level identification, the water-related elements with a smaller level number are the overall precondition levels of the water-related elements with a larger level number, and the elements with a larger level number do not have hydraulic influence on the elements with a smaller level number. The first level to the fifth level are boundary nodes, engineering nodes, flood passage space and topological nodes, flood storage and detention space, and description nodes respectively. (1) The first level: Boundary nodes Used to specify the boundary conditions of boundary nodes within the basin, including the inflow process of upstream inflow nodes, the inflow process of tributary inflow nodes, the inflow process of inter-basin inflow nodes, the water intake process of water intake pumping stations, the water intake process of drainage pumping stations, the water level process of downstream water level nodes, and the water level-discharge relationship of downstream water level-discharge relationship nodes.

[0039] (2) The second level: Engineering nodes Specify the scheduling methods of engineering nodes that affect the water flow movement in the basin, including the scheduling methods of dams, the scheduling methods of sluice gates, the opening time and flood diversion discharge of gates in flood storage and detention areas and sandbars and flood embankments for residents; clarify the intervention effect of engineering scheduling methods on water flow, such as the dam adopting the water level-discharge control rule, and the opening condition of the flood storage and detention area gate is that the river water level exceeds the warning level and continues to rise; when there are no engineering nodes in the natural basin, it is default that all engineering facilities are in the natural flow-through state.

[0040] (3)Third level: flood routing space and topological nodes It is used to carry out the numerical simulation of water flow inside each flood routing space element and topological nodes; the flood routing space model constructs a suitable hydrodynamic model according to the river channel morphology and simulation requirements, and the topological nodes are used to connect different flood routing space elements and provide water level and flow boundary information.

[0041] (4)Fourth level: flood storage and detention space It is used to carry out the numerical simulation calculation of water flow inside each flood storage and detention space element; based on land use data, the flood storage and detention area is divided into different roughness regions, and corresponding roughness values are assigned to cultivated land, forest land, towns, and water areas respectively. Through variable parameter roughness rasterization processing, refined simulation is realized, and local roughness is corrected in combination with the characteristics of water blocking buildings.

[0042] (5)Fifth level: description nodes After the numerical simulation of the basin water flow is completed, the hydraulic information of the main description nodes in the basin is obtained, including the water level, flow rate, and velocity of hydrological stations and flood control cross-sections; it supports automatic comparison with measured data and is used to generate flood warning information and inundation risk maps.

[0043] 3. Element topological organization and computational domain limitation The element topological organization subsystem conducts topological analysis based on the interconnection relationship and connectivity direction of the basin water-related elements, and obtains the topological connection order organization information of the water-related elements, which is used to guide the simulation calculation order of the basin water-related elements. The specific steps are as follows: Upstream and downstream element identification: Based on topological analysis, all upstream and downstream water-related elements of any element are obtained; based on the vector topological relationship of the elements, the topological analysis algorithm is used to traverse the upstream and downstream elements of each node to clarify the water flow connection relationship.

[0044] Key description node positioning: For key description nodes, extract the list of all upstream nodes, and locate and clarify the nearest downstream boundary node in its own position and all downstream water-related elements; for example, set the flood control cross-section as the key description node, extract the list of all its upstream nodes, and use the topological analysis algorithm to locate the nearest downstream boundary node in the downstream elements, such as the downstream water level node and the downstream water level-flow relationship node.

[0045] Computational domain limitation: The simulation range is limited to the nearest downstream boundary node and all its upstream water-related elements, excluding the downstream area without hydraulic influence, reducing redundant calculations and significantly improving the calculation efficiency.

[0046] Connection order organization information: For a single connected path, wading elements are arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream to obtain the connection order organization information; for multiple connected paths, synchronous processing is performed on the multiple connected paths. For each connected path, wading elements are arranged in sequence from upstream to downstream to obtain the connection order organization information respectively. Among them, the connection order organization information includes the connection order between elements and the connected element organization information; the connected element organization information includes the connection method, connection direction, and connection coordinate position between elements. 4. Variable parameter model construction and roughness coefficient calibration The variable parameter model construction subsystem constructs a variable parameter water flow simulation model for the flood passage space, flood storage and detention space, and engineering nodes in the wading elements of the basin, realizes refined simulation, and supports the numerical simulation of water flow under the influence of basin water project scheduling as the underlying simulation calculator: (1)Flood passage space model Construct a one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to the geometric characteristics and simulation requirements of the flood passage space; (2)Flood storage and detention space model Construct a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the flood storage and detention space, and combine with hydraulic empirical formulas to reflect the blocking effect of water-blocking buildings inside the flood storage and detention space, such as internal sub-dikes, water-blocking roads and bridges, on the water flow; (3)Engineering node model Use hydraulic empirical formulas to simulate the submerged outflow and free outflow of weir flow or orifice flow for engineering nodes, and can simulate the flow characteristics such as dam flood discharge and sluice gate scheduling. Calculate the flow capacity in combination with engineering design parameters and scheduling methods. Engineering design parameters include gate size and weir crest elevation. Scheduling methods include gate opening and water levels above and below the sluice.

[0047] (4)Model organization information When constructing the model, mark the organization information of the currently concerned elements and other elements with hydraulic connections, which is used to guide the automatic assembly of the water flow simulation model of the wading elements in the basin. Among them, the wading element model organization information includes the hydraulic information exchange unit or section between models and the geometric parameters of the connected section; (5)Initialization of variable parameter roughness coefficient of the model When constructing the model, according to the riverbed geological conditions, the development characteristics of sandbars and shoals, and the vegetation coverage characteristics of the flood passage space, initialize the relationship curve cluster between the variable parameter roughness coefficient of the model and the water level. According to the land use, building distribution, geological conditions, and beach and trough distribution of the flood storage and detention space, initialize the grid of the spatial distribution of the variable parameter roughness coefficient of the model (6)Roughness coefficient calibration of the model Collect the engineering operation and hydrological data of the target basin in representative years for many years, and iteratively adjust the roughness coefficient parameters or manually adjust the roughness coefficient parameters through an optimization algorithm to make the simulation results coincide with the measured data.

[0048] 5. Model Self-Assembly and Simulation Process The model self-assembly subsystem, based on obtaining the data of the basin water flow deduction scenario, conducts element-level initialization, automatic assembly of element variable parameter models, and overall calculation to support the preview and pre-plan of the four pre-actions of intelligent water conservancy. Based on the deduction scenario data, the model automatic assembly and calculation are realized through the following step process.

[0049] (1) Obtain the attribute data of the water-related elements in the basin water flow deduction scenario. Based on the water-related element abstraction instance subsystem, abstractly classify the water-related elements into flood passage spaces, flood storage and detention spaces, boundary nodes, engineering nodes, topological nodes, or description nodes; (2) Based on the element-level identification subsystem, assign the first-level, second-level, up to fifth-level identifications to the water-related elements; (3) Obtain the topological organization information of the water-related elements in the deduction scenario. Identify the flood control hydrological stations or flood control sections in the deduction scenario as key description nodes. Based on the element topological organization subsystem, obtain the connection order organization information of each connected path of the water-related elements in the calculation domain from upstream to downstream, including the connection order between elements and the connected element organization information; (4) For the flood passage spaces, flood storage and detention spaces, and engineering nodes among the water-related elements in the calculation domain, construct variable parameter water flow simulation models based on the variable parameter model construction subsystem, or retrieve the calibrated models already constructed in the water flow deduction scenario; (5) Obtain the calculation boundary conditions of the deduction scenario and initialize the boundary conditions of the level-one boundary nodes in the calculation domain; (6) Obtain the engineering dispatching methods of the deduction scenario and initialize the dispatching methods of the level-two engineering nodes in the calculation domain; (7) According to the connection order organization information of each connected path in the calculation domain, and the organization information marked during the construction of the water flow models of the level-three flood passage spaces, topological nodes, and level-four flood storage and detention spaces, conduct automatic assembly of the water flow simulation models of each element in the calculation domain; (8) Conduct overall water flow numerical simulation of the calculation domain to obtain the water level, flow rate, and flow velocity information of the level-five description nodes in the calculation domain as the calculation output of the water flow deduction scenario.

[0050] 6. Model Independence and Information Interaction Mechanism After the automatic assembly, the water flow simulation models of each water-related element in the calculation domain remain relatively independent. The assembly of any two connected element water flow simulation models is carried out through the connected element organization information and the water-related element model organization information: For the connected water-related element water flow simulation models, the hydraulic information state quantities at the connected coordinate positions are exchanged in real time during the calculation process, so as to realize the transmission of key information in the calculation process and ensure the water volume balance and energy conservation at the connection; The loosely coupled architecture supports the mixed assembly of water flow simulation models of different dimensions and scales, and the data interpolation algorithm is used to realize information conversion between different grids to improve simulation efficiency and accuracy. The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific cases.

[0051] 1. Water flow simulation scenario The water flow simulation scenario set in this embodiment is the Jingjiang-Dongting Lake area in China. The river channels consider the Yangtze River, the four rivers of Dongting Lake and the three river systems, the lakes include Dongting Lake, and the flood storage areas include the Jingjiang flood diversion area and the area near Chenglingji) and the people's embankment of the island beach in Banzhou Bay. Among them, the Yangtze River selection area starts from Yichang and goes down to Hankou, and the area near Chenglingji is divided into Qianliang Lake, Gongshuangcha, Datong Lake East, and Honghu East.

[0052] The boundary nodes of the water flow simulation scene are selected as follows: Main stream section of the Yangtze River: the upper boundary node is Yichang, the lower boundary node is Hankou, and the water level-flow relationship of the Hankou hydrological station is taken as the lower boundary, taking into account the inflow from major tributaries such as the Qingjiang River, Lushui River, Hanjiang River, Zhangju River, and Miluo River.

[0053] Dongting Lake area: The monitoring sections of the four rivers close to Dongting Lake are used as boundary nodes: Xiangshui uses Xiangtan as the boundary node, Zishui uses Taojiang as the boundary node, Yuanshui uses Taoyuan as the boundary node, and Lishui uses Shimen as the boundary node.

[0054] 2. Implementation of Water-related Element Abstract Instance Subsystem According to the spatial dimensions and hydrological characteristics of the watershed elements, the watershed elements in the Jingjiang-Dongting Lake area are abstracted into spatial elements and node elements. The abstract classification of the watershed elements in the Jingjiang-Dongting Lake area is shown in the following table: Table 1. Abstract classification details of water-related elements in the Jingjiang-Dongting Lake area

[0055] 3. Implementation of the element level identification subsystem According to the hydraulic influence relationship of water-related elements, the water-related elements in the simulation scenario are assigned five-level hierarchical labels to support the division of simulation processes. See the table below for details.

[0056] Table 2. Details of the hierarchical identification of water-related elements in the Jingjiang-Dongting Lake area

[0057] 4. Implementation of the element topology organization subsystem Taking the Shashi Station of the flood control section of the Jingjiang-Dongting Lake area as the key description node, the topological analysis is carried out according to the following steps: Identification of upstream and downstream elements: Based on the vector topological relationship of the elements in the Jingjiang-Dongting Lake area, a topological analysis algorithm is used to traverse the upstream and downstream elements of each node to clarify the water flow connectivity.

[0058] Key description node positioning: Taking Shashi Station, the flood control control section, as the key description node, extract the list of all upstream nodes, and locate and identify the nearest downstream boundary node, Hankou Hydrological Station, among its own location and all downstream water-related elements.

[0059] Calculation domain limitation: Limit the simulation range to Hankou Hydrological Station and all its upstream water-related elements, exclude the downstream area without hydraulic influence, reduce redundant calculations, and significantly improve the calculation efficiency.

[0060] Connection order organization information: For a single connected path, arrange the water-related elements in sequence from upstream to downstream to obtain the connection order organization information; For multiple connected paths, perform synchronous processing on multiple connected paths, arrange the water-related elements in sequence from upstream to downstream for each connected path respectively, and obtain the connection order organization information respectively; For the main stream of the Yangtze River, the tails of the Four Rivers, and the Three Outlets River System, obtain the connection order organization information through topological analysis according to the above methods. The tail of the Four Rivers is a single connected path, and the Three Outlets River System is multiple connected paths.

[0061] V. Implementation of the variable parameter model construction subsystem Construct a variable parameter water flow simulation model for the flood passage space, flood storage and detention space, and engineering nodes in the water-related elements of the deduction scenario. See the following table for details: Table 3. List of construction of water flow simulation models for deduction scenarios

[0062] When modeling for the main stream of the Yangtze River, the Three Outlets River System, and the tails of the Four Rivers, initialize the curve cluster of the relationship between the variable parameter roughness coefficient and water level of the model according to the riverbed geological conditions, the development characteristics of sandbars and mid-channel bars, and the vegetation coverage characteristics.

[0063] When modeling for Dongting Lake and the Lishui Reservoir area, preliminarily determine the generally reasonable range of roughness coefficients for each sub-region according to the lake basin characteristics, beach distribution, and vegetation development in each sub-region of the lake and reservoir. Use GIS software to extract satellite images and land use information layers, and initialize the grid of the spatial distribution of the roughness coefficient of the model according to the beach and trough types and distributions.

[0064] When modeling for the flood storage and detention areas in the Jingjiang area and near Chenglingji, initialize the grid of the spatial distribution of the variable parameter roughness coefficient of the model according to the land use, building distribution, geological conditions, and beach and trough distribution in the flood storage and detention space.

[0065] After the above model construction is completed, further carry out the calibration of the roughness coefficient on the basis of collecting the engineering operation and hydrological data of the representative years.

[0066] VI. Implementation of the model self-assembly subsystem Taking the 2020 Yangtze River middle reaches flood simulation scenario as an example, the flood process from July 12 to 19 was simulated, and the model self-assembly was achieved by following the steps below: Acquire attribute data of water-related elements of a watershed water flow simulation scenario, and abstractly classify the water-related elements into flood discharge spaces, flood storage spaces, boundary nodes, engineering nodes, topological nodes, or description nodes based on the water-related element abstract instance subsystem; Based on the element level identification subsystem, water-related elements are assigned first level, second level, and even fifth level identifications; The topological organization information of the water-related elements in the simulation scenario is obtained, and the flood control hydrological station or flood control section of the simulation scenario is identified as a key description node. Based on the element topological organization subsystem, the connection order organization information of each connection path of the water-related elements in the calculation domain from upstream to downstream is obtained, including the connection order between elements and the organization information of the connected elements; For the flood discharge space, flood storage space, and engineering nodes in the water-related elements in the calculation domain, a variable parameter water flow simulation model is constructed based on the variable parameter model construction subsystem, or a calibration model that has been constructed in the water flow simulation scenario is retrieved; Obtain the boundary conditions for the simulation scenario calculation and initialize the boundary conditions for the level 1 boundary nodes in the calculation domain; Obtain the engineering scheduling mode of the simulation scenario and initialize the scheduling mode of the level 2 engineering nodes in the computing domain; According to the connection order organization information of each connected path in the computational domain, as well as the organization information annotated when constructing the water flow model of the level three flood discharge space and topological nodes and the level four flood storage space, the water flow simulation model of each element in the computational domain is automatically assembled; Carry out numerical simulation of the overall water flow in the computational domain and obtain the water level, flow rate and flow velocity information of the five descriptive nodes in the computational domain level as the computational output of the water flow simulation scenario.

[0067] For the variable parameter models of rivers, river networks, lakes, reservoirs, flood storage areas, and shoals in the Jingjiang-Dongting Lake area simulation scenario, an evaluation of the computational efficiency of model assembly was carried out. The computational time required for independent operation of each water flow simulation model is shown in the table below.

[0068] Table 4 Calculation time of water flow simulation model for deduction scenario elements

[0069] The calculation time of each model is mainly related to the calculation time step and the number of grids. The calculation time of a single model is basically within 1 minute, which can meet the real-time calculation requirements in flood simulation scenarios.

[0070] The above-described embodiments of the present invention do not limit the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A watershed variable parameter water model self-assembly system for smart water conservancy, characterized in that: include: The water-related element abstract instance subsystem is used to abstract the water-related elements of the basin into spatial elements and node elements according to their spatial dimensions; the spatial elements are further subdivided into flood discharge space and flood storage space according to the way they affect the movement of water flow, and the node elements are further subdivided into boundary nodes, engineering nodes, topological nodes and description nodes according to their existence form and hydrological significance; The element level identification subsystem is used to assign five-level level identifications according to the influence relationship and direction of the water-related elements in the basin, supporting the simulation process division and pre-data preparation of the water project scheduling and water flow evolution in the basin; the five-level level identification, the water-related elements with a small level number are used as the overall pre-level of the water-related elements with a large level number, and the elements with a large level number have no hydraulic impact on the elements with a small level number. The first to fifth levels are boundary nodes, engineering nodes, flood discharge space and topological nodes, flood storage space, and description nodes respectively; the third level is flood discharge space and topological nodes, in which the topological nodes are used to connect different flood discharge space elements and provide water level and flow boundary information; The element topology organization subsystem is used to conduct topological analysis based on the interconnection relationship and connection direction of the watershed water-related elements, and obtain the topological connection order organization information of the watershed water-related elements to guide the simulation calculation sequence of the watershed water-related elements; The variable parameter model construction subsystem is used to construct a variable parameter water flow simulation model for the flood discharge space, flood storage space, and engineering nodes in the water-related elements of the basin, to achieve refined simulation, and as the underlying simulation calculator, to support the numerical simulation of water flow under the influence of basin water engineering scheduling; The model self-assembly subsystem is used to carry out element level initialization, automatic assembly of element variable parameter models and overall calculation based on the acquisition of basin water flow simulation scenario data, to support the rehearsal and planning of the four smart water conservancy preparations.

2. A watershed variable parameter water model self-assembly system for smart water conservancy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The flood-carrying space elements of the water-related element abstract instance subsystem describe the internal water movement through the free water movement control equation, and the water-related elements covered include rivers, river networks, lakes, and reservoirs; the free water movement control equations include Saint-Venant equations, shallow water equations, and Navier-Stokes equations.

3. A watershed variable parameter water model self-assembly system for smart water conservancy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The flood storage and detention space elements of the water-related element abstract instance subsystem describe the internal water storage and discharge and evolution process by combining the free water movement control equations with the hydraulic empirical formulas. The water-related elements covered include flood storage and detention areas, shoals and dikes; the free water movement control equations include Saint-Venant equations, shallow water equations, and Navier-Stokes equations; the hydraulic empirical formulas include weir flow formulas and orifice flow formulas.

4. A watershed variable parameter water model self-assembly system for smart water conservancy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The boundary node elements of the water-related element abstract instance subsystem refer to non-engineering nodes that dominate or influence water flow movement, and the water-related elements covered include upstream water inflow nodes, tributary water inflow nodes, interval water inflow nodes, water intake pumping stations, drainage pumping stations, downstream water level nodes, and downstream water level-flow relationship nodes; The engineering node elements of the water-related element abstract instance subsystem refer to engineering nodes that dominate or influence the movement of water flow, and the water-related elements covered include dams, sluice gates, flood storage and detention area gates, and beach gates; The topological node element of the water-related element abstract instance subsystem refers to the topological node used to connect spatial elements, and the water-related elements covered include river branch points and river-lake confluences; The descriptive node elements of the water-related element abstract instance subsystem refer to nodes used to reflect changes in water flow hydraulic information, and the water-related elements covered include river and lake hydrological stations and flood control sections.

5. The watershed variable parameter water model self-assembly system for smart water conservancy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The order in which the element level identification subsystem carries out numerical simulation of watershed water project scheduling and water flow evolution in the hierarchical order is as follows: Level 1 boundary nodes are used to specify boundary conditions of boundary nodes within the watershed, including water inflow process of upstream water inflow nodes, water inflow process of tributary water inflow nodes, water inflow process of interval water inflow nodes, water inflow process of water intake pumping stations, water inflow process of drainage pumping stations, water level process of downstream water level nodes, and water level-flow relationship of downstream water level-flow relationship nodes; Level 2 engineering nodes are used to specify the scheduling methods of engineering nodes that affect the flow of water in the basin, including dam scheduling methods, sluice scheduling methods, gate activation timing and flood diversion flow of flood storage and detention areas and islands and beaches; The three-level flood-carrying space and topological nodes are used to carry out numerical simulation of water flow inside each flood-carrying space element and topological node; Level 4 flood storage and detention space, used to carry out numerical simulation calculation of water flow inside each flood storage and detention space element; The level five description nodes are used to obtain the hydraulic information of the main description nodes of the basin after the numerical simulation of the basin flow is completed, including the water level, flow rate and flow velocity of the hydrological stations and flood control sections.

6. The watershed variable parameter water model self-assembly system for smart water conservancy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The element topology organization subsystem is used to obtain all upstream and downstream water-related elements of any element based on topological analysis; for key description nodes, extract a list of all upstream nodes, and locate the nearest downstream boundary node in its own position and all downstream water-related elements; limit the watershed water flow calculation domain to the nearest downstream boundary node and all upstream water-related elements; for all water-related elements in the calculation domain, carry out topological analysis to obtain the connection order organization information of the water-related nodes from upstream to downstream, and the analysis process distinguishes between the cases of single connected paths and multiple connected paths; the connection order organization information includes the connection order between elements and the connected element organization information; the connected element organization information includes the connection mode, connection direction, and connection coordinate position between elements.

7. The watershed variable parameter water model self-assembly system for smart water conservancy according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable parameter model construction subsystem is used to construct a one-dimensional, two-dimensional or three-dimensional hydrodynamic model according to the geometric characteristics of the flood discharge space and the simulation requirements, and to construct a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model for the flood storage and detention space, and to combine hydraulic empirical formulas to reflect the blocking effect of the water blocking buildings inside the flood storage and detention space on the water flow, and to use hydraulic empirical formulas for engineering nodes to simulate the submerged outflow and free outflow of weir flow or hole flow; The variable parameter model construction subsystem marks the organizational information of the current focus element and other elements with hydraulic connections when constructing the model, which is used to guide the automatic assembly of the water flow simulation model of the watershed water-related elements; the water-related element model organizational information includes the hydraulic information exchange unit or section between models, and the geometric parameters of the connected section; The variable parameter model construction subsystem initializes the model variable parameter roughness and water level relationship curve cluster according to the riverbed geological conditions, shoal center beach development characteristics, and vegetation coverage characteristics of the flood discharge space when constructing the model; initializes the model variable parameter roughness spatial distribution grid according to the land use, building distribution, geological conditions, and shoal distribution of the flood storage space; and further calibrates the roughness based on the collection of engineering operation and hydrological data in representative years.

8. The watershed variable parameter water model self-assembly system for smart water conservancy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The model self-assembly subsystem is used to obtain attribute data of water-related elements in the watershed water flow simulation scene, and based on the water-related element abstract instance subsystem, the water-related elements are abstractly classified into flood discharge space, flood storage space, boundary node, engineering node, topological node or description node; Based on the element level identification subsystem, the water-related elements are assigned first level, second level, and even fifth level identifications; Obtain the topological organization information of the water-related elements in the deduction scenario, identify the flood control hydrological site or flood control section of the deduction scenario as a key description node, and obtain the connection order organization information of each connection path of the water-related elements in the calculation domain from upstream to downstream based on the element topological organization subsystem, including the connection order between elements and the organization information of the connected elements; For the flood discharge space, flood storage space, and engineering nodes in the water-related elements in the calculation domain, a variable parameter water flow simulation model is constructed based on the variable parameter model construction subsystem, or a calibration model that has been constructed in the water flow simulation scenario is retrieved; Obtain the boundary conditions for the simulation scenario calculation and initialize the boundary conditions for the level 1 boundary nodes in the calculation domain; Obtain the engineering scheduling mode of the simulation scenario and initialize the scheduling mode of the level 2 engineering nodes in the computing domain; According to the connection order organization information of each connected path in the computational domain, as well as the organization information annotated when constructing the water flow model of the level three flood discharge space and topological nodes and the level four flood storage space, the water flow simulation model of each element in the computational domain is automatically assembled; Carry out numerical simulation of the overall water flow in the computational domain and obtain the water level, flow rate and flow velocity information of the five descriptive nodes in the computational domain level as the computational output of the water flow simulation scenario.

9. The watershed variable parameter water model self-assembly system for smart water conservancy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water flow simulation models of each water-related element in the calculation domain remain relatively independent after automatic assembly. The assembly of any two connected element water flow simulation models is carried out by connecting element organization information and water-related element model organization information. The hydraulic information state quantities of the two assembled models at the connected coordinate positions are exchanged in real time during the calculation process, thereby realizing the key information transmission of the calculation process.

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