Switch, communication system and intelligent substation

Abstract

The invention relates to a switch, a communication system and an intelligent substation. The switch comprises a base plate which is used for being connected with a power grid and receiving alternating current voltage output by the power grid; the first power supply module is detachably connected with the bottom plate, is used for being connected with a power grid, and is used for converting alternating current voltage output by the power grid and outputting first direct current voltage; the second power supply module is detachably connected with the bottom plate and is used for converting the alternating current voltage provided by the bottom plate under the action of the first direct current voltage provided by the bottom plate and outputting a second direct current voltage; the second DC voltage is greater than the first DC voltage; and the network module is detachably connected with the bottom plate, is provided with a plurality of connecting interfaces, and is used for identifying external equipment connected with the connecting interfaces according to a multicast routing protocol under the action of the first direct-current voltage and the second direct-current voltage provided by the bottom plate, and controlling network communication between the accessed external equipment. The switch disclosed by the invention is relatively high in expandability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of smart grid technology, and in particular to a switch, a communication system and a smart substation. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of key technologies and the simultaneous advancement of standardization work, smart substations are gradually replacing traditional substations. Based on traditional substations, smart substations have added intelligent equipment such as merging units and smart terminals. The large-scale application of smart terminals has alleviated the pressure of shortage of operation and maintenance personnel.

[0003] Smart terminals are generally connected to a host computer or other devices through an optoelectronic switch to achieve data transmission. However, the optoelectronic switch in the related art has poor scalability. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a switch, a communication system and a smart substation that can achieve switch scalability in order to address the above technical issues.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present application provides a switch, the switch comprising:

[0006] A base plate, used for connecting to a power grid and receiving an AC voltage output by the power grid;

[0007] A first power supply module is detachably connected to the base plate, and is used to be connected to the power grid, and is used to convert the AC voltage output by the power grid and output a first DC voltage;

[0008] a second power supply module, detachably connected to the base plate, for converting the AC voltage provided by the base plate under the action of the first DC voltage provided by the base plate, and outputting a second DC voltage; the second DC voltage is greater than the first DC voltage;

[0009] The network module is detachably connected to the base plate and is provided with a plurality of connection interfaces, which are used to identify external devices connected to the connection interfaces according to a multicast routing protocol under the action of the first DC voltage and the second DC voltage provided by the base plate, and control network communication between the connected external devices.

[0010] In one embodiment, the network module includes:

[0011] a first DC-DC conversion unit, connected to the base plate, for converting the first DC voltage and outputting a first working voltage; the first working voltage is less than the first DC voltage;

[0012] A communication control unit is connected to the first DC-DC conversion unit and is used to identify external devices connected to the connection interface according to a multicast routing protocol under the action of the first working voltage and control network communication between the connected external devices.

[0013] In one embodiment, the connection interface includes at least one of an Ethernet interface and a fiber optic interface; the Ethernet interface includes at least one of a first Ethernet interface and a second Ethernet interface, and the second Ethernet interface is an Ethernet interface based on Ethernet power supply technology.

[0014] In one embodiment, the network module further includes:

[0015] The Ethernet power supply control unit is connected to the base plate and the communication control unit respectively, and is used to supply power to the external device through the second Ethernet interface under the action of the second DC voltage.

[0016] In one of the embodiments, the network module further includes a first isolation unit, and the first isolation unit is used to isolate the first DC voltage from the second DC voltage.

[0017] In one embodiment, the network module includes:

[0018] a second DC-DC conversion unit, connected to the first DC-DC conversion unit, configured to convert the first operating voltage and output a second operating voltage; the second operating voltage is lower than the first operating voltage;

[0019] An Ethernet control unit, connected to the Ethernet interface, the optical fiber interface, the first DC-DC conversion unit and the communication control unit, respectively, and configured to transmit data to the external device through the Ethernet interface and the optical fiber interface under the action of the first working voltage;

[0020] The physical layer control unit is respectively connected to the second DC-DC conversion unit, the Ethernet control unit and the communication control unit, and is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the received data under the action of the second working voltage to support network communication between connected external devices.

[0021] In one of the embodiments, the network module is also connected to the first power module and the second power module, respectively, and the network module is also used to periodically send tokens to the baseboard, the first power module, and the second power module, respectively, and receive feedback information returned by the baseboard, the first power module, and the second power module, respectively; the token includes at least one of a control token and a data token, and the feedback information includes at least one of control information and data information.

[0022] In one embodiment, the switch further comprises:

[0023] The integrated module is detachably connected to the base plate, and is used to control the data reading and writing mode between each of the external devices under the action of the first DC voltage.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present application provides a communication system, which includes a plurality of external devices and the switch in any one of the above embodiments.

[0025] In a third aspect, the present application provides a smart substation, which includes the communication system in the above embodiment.

[0026] The above-mentioned switch, communication system and intelligent substation include a base plate, a first power module, a second power module and a network module, wherein the base plate is used to connect to the power grid and receive the AC voltage output by the power grid, the first power module is used to connect to the power grid and convert the AC voltage output by the power grid and output a first DC voltage, the second power module is used to convert the AC voltage provided by the base plate under the action of the first DC voltage, and output a second DC voltage; the second DC voltage is greater than the first DC voltage, and the network module is provided with a plurality of connection interfaces, which are used to identify the external device connected to the connection interface according to the multicast routing protocol under the action of the first DC voltage and the second DC voltage provided by the base plate, and control the network communication between the connected external devices. The first power module, the second power module and the network module in the switch of the present application can all be detachably connected to the base plate, and no matter which module, it can be inserted at different positions of the base plate without affecting its normal use, so that relevant technicians can freely replace or adjust the type and quantity of modules on the switch as needed, thereby improving the scalability of the switch. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the conventional technology, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the conventional technology descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a switch in one embodiment;

[0029] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network module in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 3is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network module in another embodiment;

[0031] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a network module in yet another embodiment;

[0032] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network module in yet another embodiment;

[0033] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a network module in yet another embodiment;

[0034] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of a switch in another embodiment;

[0035] Figure 8 is a circuit structure diagram of a first AC-DC conversion unit in one embodiment;

[0036] Fig. 9 is a circuit structure diagram of a third DC-DC conversion unit in one embodiment;

[0037] Fig.10 is a circuit structure diagram of a fifth DC-DC conversion unit in one embodiment;

[0038] Fig.11 is a circuit structure diagram of an isolated power supply unit in one embodiment;

[0039] Fig.12 is a circuit structure diagram of a sixth DC-DC conversion unit in one embodiment;

[0040] Fig.13 is a circuit structure diagram of a seventh DC-DC conversion unit in one embodiment;

[0041] Fig.14 is a circuit structure diagram of an eighth DC-DC conversion unit in one embodiment;

[0042] Fig.15 FIG. 4 is a circuit structure diagram of a second DC-DC conversion unit in an embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to facilitate understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. Embodiments of the present application are provided in the drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0044] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0045] It can be understood that the terms "first", "second", etc. used in the present application can be used in this article to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the first element from another element.

[0046] Spatially relative terms such as "under," "beneath," "below," "under," "above," "above," and the like may be used herein to describe the relationship of an element or feature shown in the figures to other elements or features. It should be understood that, in addition to the orientations shown in the figures, spatially relative terms also include different orientations of the device in use and operation. For example, if the device in the accompanying drawings is flipped, an element or feature described as "under other elements" or "under it" or "under it" will be oriented as being "above" the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary terms "under" and "under" may include both upper and lower orientations. In addition, the device may also include additional orientations (e.g., rotated 90 degrees or other orientations), and the spatial descriptors used herein are interpreted accordingly.

[0047] It should be noted that when an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element, or connected to the other element through an intermediate element. In addition, the "connection" in the following embodiments should be understood as "electrical connection", "communication connection", etc. if there is a transmission of voltage or data between the connected objects.

[0048] When used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "said / the" may also include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the terms "include / comprise" or "have" and the like specify the presence of stated features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof, but do not exclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof. At the same time, the term "and / or" used in this specification includes any and all combinations of the relevant listed items.

[0049] In an exemplary embodiment, see Figure 1 The present application provides a switch, which includes: a baseboard 1, a first power module 2, a second power module 3 and a network module 4.

[0050] The base plate 1 is used to connect to the power grid and to receive the AC voltage output by the power grid. The first power supply module 2 is detachably connected to the base plate 1, and is used to connect to the power grid, and is used to convert the AC voltage output by the power grid and output a first DC voltage. The second power supply module 3 is detachably connected to the base plate 1, and is used to convert the AC voltage provided by the base plate under the action of the first DC voltage provided by the base plate 1, and output a second DC voltage; the second DC voltage is greater than the first DC voltage. The network module 4 is detachably connected to the base plate 1, and is provided with a plurality of connection interfaces, which are used to identify the external device 5 connected to the connection interface according to the multicast routing protocol under the action of the first DC voltage and the second DC voltage provided by the base plate 1, and control the network communication between the connected external devices.

[0051] In one example, the external device 5 may include a host computer, a smart terminal, a video monitoring terminal, a server and other devices in the smart substation. The host computer, the smart terminal, the monitoring device, the server and other external devices may be connected to a connection interface 41 respectively, and then the network module 4 may receive data transmitted by the external device 5 and transmit the data to the corresponding external device. For example, the host computer and the smart terminal are respectively connected to a connection interface of the switch, and the network module 4 receives the data sent by the smart terminal and transmits the data to the host computer accordingly.

[0052] Among them, the multicast protocol of this application allows transmission on the Internet broadband network. The multicast protocol copies and forwards the data stream according to the needs of the recipient, so the total service bandwidth of the server is not limited by the bandwidth of the client access end. In addition to video access, the switch of this application can provide an open source kit that is compatible with the gateway access of smart terminals, overcoming the problem that the reliability of smart terminals affects the operation and maintenance efficiency of traditional equipment and the difficulty of smart terminal access. And when the switch of this application is connected to multiple video surveillance terminals, the video surveillance terminals with the same data stream can be added to the same group to share a data stream, saving the load of network equipment such as switches and gateways.

[0053] In this embodiment, the first power module 2, the second power module 3 and the network module 4 can all be directly inserted into the female socket of the base plate through the male socket provided, and the male socket of each module is consistent with the female socket pin definition on the base plate, that is, no matter which module it is, it can be inserted in different positions without affecting its normal use. This standardized pin definition ensures the compatibility between the modules, and the user can freely replace or adjust the module as needed without worrying about wiring or interface mismatch problems. In an example, the relevant technicians can increase the number of the first power module 2 as needed, or, when the first power module 2 fails, the relevant technicians can directly remove the failed first power module 2 from the base and replace it with a normal first power module 2 without replacing the entire switch, saving maintenance costs. The design of the present application not only improves the scalability of the switch, but also greatly simplifies the maintenance and upgrade process. Whether in the initial installation or subsequent adjustments, the relevant technicians can enjoy great convenience.

[0054] The switch includes a base plate, a first power module, a second power module and a network module, wherein the base plate is used to connect to the power grid and receive the AC voltage output by the power grid, the first power module is used to connect to the power grid and convert the AC voltage output by the power grid and output a first DC voltage, the second power module is used to convert the AC voltage provided by the base plate under the action of the first DC voltage and output a second DC voltage; the second DC voltage is greater than the first DC voltage, and the network module is provided with a plurality of connection interfaces, which are used to identify the external device connected to the connection interface according to the multicast routing protocol under the action of the first DC voltage and the second DC voltage provided by the base plate, and control the network communication between the connected external devices. The first power module, the second power module and the network module in the switch of the present application can all be detachably connected to the base plate, and no matter which module, it can be inserted at different positions of the base plate without affecting its normal use, so that the relevant technicians can freely replace or adjust the type and quantity of modules on the switch as needed, thereby improving the scalability of the switch.

[0055] In an exemplary embodiment, see Figure 2 The network module 4 includes a first DC-DC conversion unit 42 and a communication control unit 43 .

[0056] The first DC-DC conversion unit 42 is connected to the base plate 1, and is used to convert the first DC voltage and output a first working voltage; the first working voltage is less than the first DC voltage. The communication control unit 43 is connected to the first DC-DC conversion unit 42, and is used to identify the external device 5 connected to the connection interface 41 according to the multicast routing protocol under the action of the first working voltage and control the network communication between the connected external devices 5.

[0057] In the application, the first power supply module 2 can convert the AC voltage of the power grid into a first DC voltage, and provide the first DC voltage to the first DC-DC conversion unit 42 in the network module 4 through the base plate 1. After receiving the first DC voltage, the first DC-DC conversion unit 42 can convert the first DC voltage into the working voltage of the communication control unit 43, that is, the first working voltage, to power the communication control unit 43. Under the action of the first working voltage, the communication control unit 43 can transmit data for each external device through the connection interface 41.

[0058] In an exemplary embodiment, see Figure 3 The connection interface 41 includes at least one of an Ethernet interface 411 and a fiber optic interface 412; the Ethernet interface 411 includes at least one of a first Ethernet interface 4111 and a second Ethernet interface 4112, and the second Ethernet interface 4112 is an Ethernet interface based on Ethernet power supply technology.

[0059] In this embodiment, the second Ethernet interface 4112 can be a Gigabit network port with POE (Power Over Ethernet), which refers to a technology that can provide DC power supply for some IP-based terminals (such as IP phones, wireless LAN access points AP, network cameras, etc.) while transmitting data signals without making any changes to the existing Ethernet Cat.5 wiring infrastructure. POE technology can ensure the normal operation of the existing network while ensuring the safety of the existing structured wiring, thereby minimizing costs. In this application, by setting up the second Ethernet interface 4112, it is possible to transmit data to the external device while providing power to the external device connected to the second Ethernet interface 4112.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, see Figure 4 The network module 4 further includes: an Ethernet power supply control unit 44, which is connected to the baseboard 1 and the communication control unit 43 respectively, and is used to power the external device 5 through the second Ethernet interface under the action of the second DC voltage.

[0061] In one example, the Ethernet power supply control unit 44 may be a POE chip, which receives power from the second power supply module 3 through the baseboard, and under the action of the communication control unit 43, supplies power to the corresponding external device 5 through the second Ethernet interface.

[0062] In an exemplary embodiment, see Figure 5 The network module 4 further includes a first isolation unit 45, and the first isolation unit 45 is used to isolate the first DC voltage from the second DC voltage.

[0063] Exemplarily, the network module 4 needs to simultaneously receive a first DC voltage of 12V provided by the first power module 2 and a second DC voltage of 53V provided by the second power module 3. Therefore, a first isolation unit 45 needs to be set in the network module 4 to electrically isolate the first DC voltage and the second DC voltage.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment, see Figure 6 The network module 4 also includes: a second DC-DC conversion unit 46 , an Ethernet control unit 47 and a physical layer control unit 48 .

[0065] The second DC-DC conversion unit 46 is connected to the first DC-DC conversion unit 42, and is used to convert the first working voltage and output a second working voltage; the second working voltage is less than the first working voltage. The Ethernet control unit 47 is respectively connected to the Ethernet interface 411, the optical fiber interface 412, the first DC-DC conversion unit 42 and the communication control unit 43, and is used to transmit data to the external device through the Ethernet interface 411 and the optical fiber interface 412 under the action of the first working voltage. The physical layer control unit 48 is respectively connected to the second DC-DC conversion unit 46, the Ethernet control unit 44 and the communication control unit 43, and is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the received data under the action of the second working voltage to support network communication between the connected external devices.

[0066] In one example, the Ethernet control unit 47 can be an Ethernet switching chip, which can be connected to each Ethernet interface 411 and the optical fiber interface 412. All core functions of the high-speed switching system can be integrated in the Ethernet control unit 47, including SRAM for data packet buffering, non-blocking switching structure and internal register management. Through the non-blocking switching structure and advanced memory management technology, the Ethernet control unit 47 can ensure the efficiency and stability of data transmission.

[0067] The physical layer control unit 48 may be a PHY (Physical Layer Chip), which may convert digital signals into analog signals for transmission on a communication medium (such as a twisted pair, optical fiber, etc.), and simultaneously recover digital signals from received analog signals and transmit them to the communication control unit 43 for processing.

[0068] In an exemplary embodiment, see Figure 7 The switch also includes an integrated module 6, which is detachably connected to the base plate 1. The integrated module 6 is used to control the data reading and writing mode between each external device under the action of the first DC voltage.

[0069] In an example, taking the external device including a host computer and a smart terminal as an example, the host computer, under the control of the integrated module, can only read the data transmitted by the smart terminal, or the host computer, under the control of the integrated module, can not only read the data transmitted by the smart terminal but also control the smart terminal.

[0070] In an exemplary embodiment, the network module 4 is also used to periodically send tokens to the baseboard 1, the first power module 2, the second power module 3 and the integrated module, and respectively receive feedback information returned by the baseboard, the first power module, the second power module and the integrated module; the token includes at least one of a control token and a data token, and the feedback information includes at least one of control information and data information.

[0071] In this embodiment, RS485 communication is adopted between the baseboard 1, the first power module 2, the second power module 3 and the network module 4. For the inside of the switch, the network module 4 is used as the master module of 485 communication, and the baseboard 1, the first power module 2, the second power module 3 and the integrated module 6 are used as the slave modules of 485 communication. In one example, the network module 4 sends a 0X11 control token to the baseboard 1, the first power module 2, the second power module 3 and the integrated module 6 every 5 seconds, and the baseboard 1, the first power module 2, the second power module 3 and the integrated module 6 respectively feedback 0X21 control information to the network module 4 after receiving the 0X11 control token; the network module 4 sends a 0X12 data token to the baseboard 1, the first power module 2, the second power module 3 and the integrated module 6 every 100ms, and the baseboard 1, the first power module 2, the second power module 3 and the integrated module 6 respectively feedback 0X22 data information to the network module 4 after receiving the 0X12 data token.

[0072] In the application, the communication control unit 43 may include an STM32 single-chip microcomputer and an ESP32 microcontroller, and the STM32 single-chip microcomputer and the ESP32 microcontroller communicate with each other using a UART serial port, and the STM32 single-chip microcomputer is responsible for controlling the functions related to the Ethernet control unit 47, the physical layer control unit 48, and the Ethernet power supply control unit 44. The ESP32 microcontroller serves as the main unit for internal communication of the network module, and receives and controls the functions controlled by the STM32 single-chip microcomputer through the UART serial port. In an example, the ESP32 microcontroller sends a 0X11 control token to the STM32 single-chip microcomputer every 5s, and the STM32 single-chip microcomputer feeds back 0X21 control information to the ESP32 microcontroller after receiving the 0X11 control token; the ESP32 microcontroller sends a 0X12 data token to the STM32 single-chip microcomputer every 100ms, and the STM32 single-chip microcomputer feeds back 0X22 data information to the ESP32 microcontroller after receiving the 0X12 data token.

[0073] Among them, for the communication system composed of the switch and the external devices, the integrated module 6 serves as the master module of the 485 communication, and each external device 5 serves as a slave module of the 485 communication. In an example, the integrated module 6 sends a 0X11 control token to each external device 5 once every 5 seconds, and each external device 5 feeds back 0X21 control information to the integrated module 6 after receiving the 0X11 control token; the integrated module 6 sends a 0X12 data token to each external device 5 once every 100ms, and each external device 5 feeds back 0X22 data information to the integrated module 6 after receiving the 0X12 data token.

[0074] In a detailed embodiment, the 220V AC power of the power grid is connected to the first AC-DC conversion unit in the first power module 2 through an 8-shaped socket, and the first AC-DC conversion unit is connected to the base plate, and is used to convert the 220V AC voltage into a first DC voltage of 12V, and supply the 12V first DC voltage to the base plate 1, and supply the second power module 3, the network module 4 and the integrated module 6 through the base plate 1. In an example, please refer to Figure 8 , Figure 8The circuit structure diagram of the first AC-DC conversion unit in the first power module in an example. The first power module 2 also includes a third DC-DC conversion unit, a first current detection unit and a first control unit. The third DC-DC conversion unit is connected to the current detection unit of the first AC-DC conversion unit and the first control unit respectively. The first current detection unit is connected to the first control unit. The third DC-DC conversion unit is used to convert the first DC voltage of 12V into a working voltage of 3.3V to power the first current detection unit and the first control unit through the working voltage of 3.3V. The first current detection unit is used to detect whether the current in the first power module 2 is normal and transmit the detection result to the first control unit. The first control unit is used to perform 485 communication with other modules on the switch. In an example, please refer to Fig. 9 , Fig. 9 This is a circuit structure diagram of the third DC-DC conversion unit in the first power module in an example.

[0075] Among them, the base plate 1 is respectively connected to the 220V AC voltage of the power grid and receives the first DC voltage of 12V output by the first power module 2. The base plate 1 includes a fourth DC-DC conversion unit, multiple fans and a second control unit. The fan receives power from the first DC voltage to dissipate heat for the base plate 1, the first power module 2, the second power module 3, the network module 4 and the integrated module 6. The fourth DC-DC conversion unit is connected to the second control unit and is used to convert the first DC voltage into a working voltage of 3.3V to power the second control unit through the 3.3V working voltage. The second control unit is used to perform 485 communication with other modules on the switch.

[0076] In the application, the integrated module 6 is also used to provide an external USB port, 4 isolated DIs, 2 relays DO, and 2 isolated 485s. The integrated module 6 also includes a fifth DC-DC conversion unit, a sixth DC-DC conversion unit, an isolated power supply unit, and a third control unit. The fifth DC-DC conversion unit is connected to the 2 relays DO and the isolated power supply unit, respectively, and is used to convert the 12V first DC voltage output by the first power module 2 into a 5V working voltage to power the relays DO. In an example, see Fig.10 , Fig.10 FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a fifth DC-DC conversion unit in an example; the isolation power supply unit is connected to the isolation 485 and is used to generate 5V_USART through a 5V working voltage to provide voltage for the external isolation 485. In an example, see Fig.11 , Fig.11: is a circuit structure diagram of an isolated power supply unit in an example; the sixth DC-DC conversion unit is connected to the fifth DC-DC conversion unit and the third control unit respectively, and is used to convert the 5V working voltage into a 3.3V working voltage to power the third control unit through the 3.3V working voltage. The third control unit is used to perform 485 communication with other modules on the switch. Please refer to Fig.12 , Fig.12 is a circuit structure diagram of the sixth DC-DC conversion unit in an example.

[0077] The second power supply module 3 includes a second AC-DC conversion unit, a seventh DC-DC conversion unit, an eighth DC-DC conversion unit, a ninth DC-DC conversion unit, a second current detection unit, a fourth control unit, and a second isolation unit. The second AC-DC conversion unit receives a 220V AC voltage output by the AC power grid through the backplane, and converts the 220V AC voltage into a second DC voltage of 53V, which is provided to the network module 4 through the backplane. The seventh DC-DC conversion unit is connected to the seventh DC-DC conversion unit and the second current detection unit, respectively, and is used to convert the second DC voltage of 53V into a working voltage of 5V, and to supply power to the Ethernet power supply control unit 44 in the second current detection unit. In one example, see Fig.13 , Fig.13 The circuit structure diagram of the seventh DC-DC conversion unit. The second current detection unit is used to detect whether the current in the second power module 3 is normal, and transmit the detection result to the fourth control unit. The eighth DC-DC conversion unit is connected to the seventh DC-DC conversion unit and the fourth control unit respectively, and is used to convert the 5V working voltage into a 3.3V working voltage to power the fourth control unit through the 3.3V working voltage. The fourth control unit is used to perform 485 communication with other modules on the switch. Please refer to Fig.14 , Fig.14 The circuit structure diagram of the eighth DC-DC conversion unit in an example. Since the 53V of the second power module 3 is isolated from the 12V of the first power module 2, the communication between the second power module 3 and the first power module 2 needs to be realized through the second isolation unit. The ninth DC-DC conversion unit is connected to the second isolation unit and is used to convert the first DC voltage of 12V into a working voltage of 3.3V to power the second isolation unit.

[0078] The network module 4 includes a plurality of connection interfaces 41, a first DC-DC conversion unit 42, a communication control unit 43, an Ethernet power supply control unit 44, a first isolation unit 45, a second DC-DC conversion unit 46, an Ethernet control unit 47, and a physical layer control unit 48. The first DC-DC conversion unit 42 is used to convert a first DC voltage of 12V into a first working voltage of 3.3V to power the communication control unit 43 and the Ethernet control unit 47. The second DC-DC conversion unit 46 is used to convert a first working voltage of 3.3V into a second working voltage of 1.1V to power the physical layer control unit 48. In one example, see Fig.15 , Fig.15 4 is a circuit diagram of the second DC-DC conversion unit 46 in an example. The communication control unit 43 may include an STM32 single-chip microcomputer and an ESP32 microcontroller. The STM32 single-chip microcomputer and the ESP32 microcontroller communicate with each other using a UART serial port. The STM32 single-chip microcomputer is responsible for controlling the functions of the Ethernet control unit 47, the physical layer control unit 48, and the Ethernet power supply control unit 44. The ESP32 microcontroller has a self-checking and self-healing function. The ESP32 microcontroller can not only monitor its own working status in real time to ensure the normal operation of the switch, but also automatically repair or restore when a fault occurs. In addition, the ESP32 microcontroller is also responsible for the input and output of control signals between various external devices, so as to effectively communicate and coordinate with other devices or systems.

[0079] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application provides a communication system, which includes a plurality of external devices and the switch in any one of the above embodiments.

[0080] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application provides a smart substation, which includes the communication system in the above embodiment.

[0081] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "some embodiments", "other embodiments", "ideal embodiments", etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic descriptions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example.

[0082] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0083] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for a person of ordinary skill in the art, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present application, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present application shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A switch, characterized in that: The switch comprises: A base plate, used for connecting to a power grid and receiving an AC voltage output by the power grid; A first power supply module is detachably connected to the base plate, and is used to be connected to the power grid, and is used to convert the AC voltage output by the power grid and output a first DC voltage; a second power supply module, detachably connected to the base plate, for converting the AC voltage provided by the base plate under the action of the first DC voltage provided by the base plate, and outputting a second DC voltage; the second DC voltage is greater than the first DC voltage; The network module is detachably connected to the base plate and is provided with a plurality of connection interfaces, which are used to identify external devices connected to the connection interfaces according to a multicast routing protocol under the action of the first DC voltage and the second DC voltage provided by the base plate, and control network communication between the connected external devices.

2. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The network module includes: a first DC-DC conversion unit, connected to the base plate, for converting the first DC voltage and outputting a first working voltage; the first working voltage is less than the first DC voltage; A communication control unit is connected to the first DC-DC conversion unit and is used to identify external devices connected to the connection interface according to a multicast routing protocol under the action of the first working voltage and control network communication between the connected external devices.

3. The switch according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connection interface includes at least one of an Ethernet interface and a fiber optic interface; the Ethernet interface includes at least one of a first Ethernet interface and a second Ethernet interface, and the second Ethernet interface is an Ethernet interface based on Ethernet power supply technology.

4. The switch according to claim 3, characterized in that: The network module also includes: The Ethernet power supply control unit is connected to the base plate and the communication control unit respectively, and is used to power the external device through the second Ethernet interface under the action of the second DC voltage.

5. The switch according to claim 4, characterized in that: The network module further includes a first isolation unit, and the first isolation unit is used to isolate the first DC voltage from the second DC voltage.

6. The switch according to claim 3, characterized in that: The network module includes: a second DC-DC conversion unit, connected to the first DC-DC conversion unit, configured to convert the first operating voltage and output a second operating voltage; the second operating voltage is lower than the first operating voltage; An Ethernet control unit, connected to the Ethernet interface, the optical fiber interface, the first DC-DC conversion unit and the communication control unit, respectively, and configured to transmit data to the external device through the Ethernet interface and the optical fiber interface under the action of the first working voltage; The physical layer control unit is respectively connected to the second DC-DC conversion unit, the Ethernet control unit and the communication control unit, and is used to perform analog-to-digital conversion on the received data under the action of the second working voltage to support network communication between connected external devices.

7. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The network module is also connected to the first power module and the second power module respectively, and is also used to periodically send tokens to the baseboard, the first power module, and the second power module respectively, and receive feedback information returned by the baseboard, the first power module, and the second power module respectively; the token includes at least one of a control token and a data token, and the feedback information includes at least one of control information and data information.

8. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switch also includes: The integrated module is detachably connected to the base plate, and is used to control the data reading and writing mode between each of the external devices under the action of the first DC voltage.

9. A communication system, characterized in that: The system comprises a plurality of external devices and the switch according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. A smart substation, characterized in that: The smart substation comprises the communication system according to claim 9.

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