A wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of new energy vehicle battery management technology, and more specifically, to a wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference capabilities. The system includes a master node, multiple slave nodes, a dual-band communication module, a mesh network topology, a broadband ceramic antenna array, and an AI channel prediction module. The wireless BMS management system of the present invention offers significant advantages in anti-interference capabilities, communication stability, and network flexibility. It can effectively meet the needs of modern battery management and provide a strong guarantee for the safe and efficient operation of electric vehicles and energy storage systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of new energy vehicle battery management, and in particular to a wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference capability. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, battery management systems (BMS) are playing an increasingly important role in optimizing battery performance and ensuring safety.

[0003] Traditional wireless BMS management systems typically use a single-band communication method, which has many shortcomings in terms of anti-interference ability, communication stability, and network topology flexibility. For example, single-band communication modules are easily interfered with in complex environments, resulting in signal attenuation and data loss. In systems that lack a mesh network structure, communication efficiency decreases significantly as the number of nodes increases, making it difficult to achieve efficient data collection and control command issuance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the shortcomings and deficiencies in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability, which has significant advantages in anti-interference ability, communication stability and network flexibility, and can effectively meet the needs of modern battery management, providing a strong guarantee for the safe and efficient operation of electric vehicles and energy storage systems.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention discloses a wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference capability, comprising:

[0007] The master node, including the MCU, is used to perform battery status estimation and control command issuance;

[0008] Multiple slave nodes are distributed in the battery module to collect voltage and temperature data of single cells;

[0009] Dual-band communication module, integrated into the master and slave nodes, supports adaptive switching between the Sub-1GHz and 2.4GHz bands;

[0010] Mesh network topology, including multiple relay nodes, which enable multi-hop communication between the master node and the slave nodes;

[0011] Wideband ceramic antenna arrays, deployed on a master node, multiple slave nodes, and multiple relay nodes, support beamforming and directional signal enhancement;

[0012] The AI channel prediction module dynamically selects the optimal frequency band and time slot based on historical communication data.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, further, the dual-band communication module is connected to the MCU of the master node through the SPI interface and satisfies the following interaction logic:

[0014] The Sub-1GHz frequency band is used to periodically transmit voltage and temperature data from the slave node to the master node;

[0015] The 2.4GHz frequency band is used by the master node to send real-time control instructions to the slave nodes;

[0016] The master node dynamically triggers frequency band switching based on the RSSI and BER feedback from the slave nodes and synchronizes the switching timing by broadcasting beacons.

[0017] In combination with the first aspect, further, the wireless BMS management system further includes a radio frequency front-end circuit, the broadband ceramic antenna array is connected to the dual-band communication module through the radio frequency front-end circuit, and the antenna beamforming direction is controlled by the master node:

[0018] The master node generates beam deflection control signals based on the slave node positions;

[0019] After receiving the signal from the master node, the slave node adjusts the local antenna phase to match the beam direction.

[0020] In combination with the first aspect, further, the connection relationship between the nodes in the Mesh network is:

[0021] The master node is directly connected to the relay node, and the relay node forms a multi-hop link with the slave node;

[0022] The master node allocates a time slot to each relay node through the TSCH protocol, and specifies the communication channel and transmission direction within the time slot.

[0023] In combination with the first aspect, further, the AI channel prediction module forms a closed-loop control with the MCU and the dual-band communication module of the master node:

[0024] The AI module input is the historical RSSI, BER, and temperature data of each node in the Mesh network;

[0025] The output of the AI module is the frequency band switching instruction and time slot allocation strategy, which are directly written into the configuration register of the dual-band communication module.

[0026] In combination with the first aspect, further, the wireless BMS management system further includes a hardware security module coupled to the master node and multiple slave nodes. The master node encrypts the Mesh network communication through the hardware security module. The encryption process includes:

[0027] The hardware security module of the coupled master node generates a dynamic session key and distributes it to the corresponding slave node through the dual-band communication module;

[0028] The hardware security module coupled with the slave node uses the session key to encrypt the collected data, which is then transmitted back to the hardware security module of the master node via the Mesh network for decryption.

[0029] In combination with the first aspect, further, the data transmission between the slave node and the master node includes the following hierarchical protocols:

[0030] Physical layer: Signal modulation / demodulation is achieved by a broadband ceramic antenna and a dual-band communication module;

[0031] Link layer: implements time slot synchronization and frequency hopping control based on the TSCH protocol;

[0032] Application layer: After the master node MCU parses the slave node data packet, it triggers the SOC estimation and balancing control algorithm;

[0033] The slave node is integrated with an AFE chip. Interval synchronous acquisition of single battery voltage and temperature , and the voltage and temperature The noise is filtered and the data is normalized.

[0034] In combination with the first aspect, further, the master node generates a transmission priority according to the urgency of the data and the voltage and temperature Encapsulated into protocol frames through CRC check and AES-256 encryption ;

[0035] Transmission priority The calculation formula is:

[0036]

[0037] in, 、 、 is the weight coefficient, is the voltage change between adjacent sampling periods, is the temperature variation between adjacent sampling periods, is the current estimated battery state of charge;

[0038] Protocol Frame The calculation formula is:

[0039]

[0040] in, is a dynamic session key, is a random number.

[0041] In combination with the first aspect, further, the master node calculates the current channel capacity model based on Shannon's theorem If the slave node does not return an ACK, the message will be retransmitted with a random delay according to the Poisson distribution.

[0042] The channel capacity model The calculation formula is:

[0043]

[0044] in, is the channel bandwidth, is the signal-to-noise ratio;

[0045] The calculation formula for hybrid ARQ retransmission probability is:

[0046]

[0047] in, is the average packet loss rate, is the maximum number of retransmissions, The retransmission interval.

[0048] In a second aspect, the present invention discloses a vehicle, which includes a battery installed in the vehicle, and the battery is managed by the wireless BMS as described above.

[0049] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0050] The wireless BMS management system and vehicle with strong anti-interference ability of the present invention adopt a dual-band communication module and support adaptive switching of multiple frequency bands, so that the system can select the optimal communication frequency band under different environmental conditions, effectively reducing the impact of external interference on signal transmission; secondly, the introduction of the Mesh network topology structure enables multi-hop communication between the master node and the slave node through the relay node, enhancing the flexibility and scalability of the system and ensuring the efficient transmission of information in large-scale battery modules.

[0051] In addition, the application of wideband ceramic antenna arrays, combined with beamforming and directional signal enhancement technology, further improves the signal transmission quality and anti-interference capability; at the same time, the introduction of the AI channel prediction module enables the system to dynamically select the optimal frequency band and time slot based on historical communication data, optimizing the utilization of communication resources, reducing latency, and improving the overall system response speed. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more readily apparent, the following description sets forth numerous specific details to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention may be implemented in many other ways than those described herein, and those skilled in the art may make similar modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0053] With the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, battery management systems (BMS) are playing an increasingly important role in optimizing battery performance and ensuring safety. Traditional wireless BMS management systems typically use a single-band communication method, which has many shortcomings in terms of anti-interference ability, communication stability, and network topology flexibility. For example, single-band communication modules are susceptible to interference in complex environments, resulting in signal attenuation and data loss. Systems lacking a mesh network structure also experience a significant decrease in communication efficiency as the number of nodes increases, making it difficult to achieve efficient data collection and control command issuance.

[0054] In order to solve the above problems, this embodiment discloses a wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference capability, which includes:

[0055] The master node, including the MCU, is used to perform battery status estimation and control command issuance;

[0056] Multiple slave nodes are distributed in the battery module to collect voltage and temperature data of single cells;

[0057] Dual-band communication module, integrated into the master and slave nodes, supports adaptive switching between the Sub-1GHz and 2.4GHz bands;

[0058] Mesh network topology, including multiple relay nodes, which enable multi-hop communication between the master node and the slave nodes;

[0059] Wideband ceramic antenna arrays, deployed on a master node, multiple slave nodes, and multiple relay nodes, support beamforming and directional signal enhancement;

[0060] The AI channel prediction module dynamically selects the optimal frequency band and time slot based on historical communication data.

[0061] The wireless BMS management system in this embodiment eliminates more than 90% of wiring harnesses, improves the energy density of the battery pack, and maintains a communication success rate of ≥99% in metal-shielded and strong interference environments. It also adaptively switches frequency bands and performs network scheduling to meet automotive-grade real-time requirements, achieving end-to-end latency of ≤20ms.

[0062] In this embodiment, the dual-band communication module operates in the Sub-1GHz + 2.4GHz signal bands. By combining the dual-band communication module and the broadband ceramic antenna array, signal penetration in metal-shielded environments can be improved by at least three times compared to a single-band solution.

[0063] Test data shows that under 200V / m EMI interference, the communication success rate increased from 72.3% of traditional BLE to 98.5%; the mesh network topology combined with the Time Synchronized Frequency Hopping (TSCH) protocol reduced the multi-hop transmission delay from approximately 30-50ms in traditional solutions to less than 15ms, and the end-to-end delay of key data (such as thermal runaway alarms) was ≤5ms.

[0064] In addition, from the perspective of energy efficiency and cost balance, the node sleep current can be achieved ≤10μA, and the overall power consumption is reduced by 40%; through SoC chip integration, the cost of the wireless BMS module increases by ≤15% compared with traditional solutions, but the wiring harness and maintenance costs are reduced by 60%.

[0065] Furthermore, the dual-band communication module is connected to the MCU of the master node via the SPI interface and satisfies the following interaction logic:

[0066] The Sub-1GHz frequency band is used to periodically transmit voltage and temperature data from the slave node to the master node;

[0067] The 2.4GHz frequency band is used by the master node to send real-time control instructions to the slave nodes;

[0068] The master node dynamically triggers frequency band switching based on the RSSI and BER feedback from the slave nodes and synchronizes the switching timing by broadcasting beacons.

[0069] In this embodiment, Sub-1GHz enhances long-distance penetration capability, and 2.4GHz provides high-speed transmission. The optimal frequency band is dynamically selected based on the real-time signal strength (RSSI) and bit error rate (BER). The master node uniformly schedules the frequency band and timing of all slave nodes through broadcast beacons to avoid multi-node competition.

[0070] Furthermore, the wireless BMS management system also includes a radio frequency front-end circuit, the broadband ceramic antenna array is connected to the dual-band communication module through the radio frequency front-end circuit, and the antenna beamforming direction is controlled by the master node:

[0071] The master node generates beam deflection control signals based on the slave node positions;

[0072] After receiving the signal from the master node, the slave node adjusts the local antenna phase to match the beam direction.

[0073] In this embodiment, the master node calculates the beam deflection angle based on the pre-stored coordinates of the slave node. :

[0074]

[0075] in,( )as well as( ) are the coordinates of the slave node and the master node respectively;

[0076] Phase control signal According to wavelength and array element spacing generate:

[0077]

[0078] Feedback signal quality (RSSI / BER) from the node every 10ms, if BER>10⁻ 4 , the master node triggers beam redirection.

[0079] Furthermore, the master node is directly connected to the relay node, and the relay node forms a multi-hop link with the slave node;

[0080] The master node allocates a time slot to each relay node through the TSCH protocol, and specifies the communication channel and transmission direction within the time slot.

[0081] In this embodiment, in a metal shielding environment, the success rate of the traditional star network is about 70%, while the communication success rate of the multi-hop Mesh network is ≥99.5%; the TSCH protocol improves the anti-narrowband interference capability by 10 times through 16-channel frequency hopping.

[0082] The workflow of the master node is generally: network initialization, time slot and channel allocation, and dynamic routing maintenance.

[0083] The process of network initialization is:

[0084] The master node broadcasts a time synchronization beacon. The slave nodes capture the beacon and synchronize the clock by scanning 16 channels. The nodes build a destination-oriented acyclic graph based on the RPL routing protocol. The path selection formula is:

[0085]

[0086] in, is the expected number of transmissions, Received signal strength indicator.

[0087] The process of time slot and channel allocation is as follows:

[0088] The master node allocates a dedicated time slot for each node, and the channel hopping sequence is generated according to the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] in, It is the absolute time slot number of the network-wide synchronous increment counter.

[0091] The process of dynamic routing maintenance is as follows:

[0092] Nodes periodically send DODAG information objects to update the network topology.

[0093] If a link loses packets three times in a row, a local route repair is triggered.

[0094] Furthermore, the AI channel prediction module forms a closed-loop control with the master node’s MCU and dual-band communication module:

[0095] The AI module input is the historical RSSI, BER, and temperature data of each node in the Mesh network;

[0096] The output of the AI module is the frequency band switching instruction and time slot allocation strategy, which are directly written into the configuration register of the dual-band communication module.

[0097] Furthermore, the wireless BMS management system also includes a hardware security module coupled to the master node and multiple slave nodes. The master node encrypts the Mesh network communication through the hardware security module. The encryption process includes:

[0098] The hardware security module of the coupled master node generates a dynamic session key and distributes it to the corresponding slave node through the dual-band communication module;

[0099] The hardware security module coupled with the slave node uses the session key to encrypt the collected data, which is then transmitted back to the hardware security module of the master node via the Mesh network for decryption.

[0100] In this embodiment, after the master node and the slave node are powered on, a unique root key is generated based on the chip manufacturing differences. ; Then the master node performs two-way authentication and sends a challenge random number , from the node Return after signing; send challenge random number from node , master node signature verification.

[0101] Subsequently, the master node HSM generates new session keys every hour , and distributed to the slave nodes through a secure channel. The slave nodes use Decryption After encryption by the slave node and decryption by the master node, each data packet is appended with a timestamp and an increasing sequence number, and the master node verifies the continuity of the timestamp and increasing sequence number.

[0102] Furthermore, the data transmission between the slave node and the master node includes the following hierarchical protocols:

[0103] Physical layer: Signal modulation / demodulation is achieved by a broadband ceramic antenna and a dual-band communication module;

[0104] Link layer: implements time slot synchronization and frequency hopping control based on the TSCH protocol;

[0105] Application layer: After the master node MCU parses the slave node data packet, it triggers the SOC estimation and balancing control algorithm.

[0106] Wireless communication protocols typically follow a layered model, with each layer clearly defined and interacting through standardized interfaces. In this embodiment, the protocols are organized into three layers: the physical layer, the link layer, and the application layer. The physical layer is responsible for underlying hardware operations such as signal modulation / demodulation, frequency selection, and power control; the link layer manages frame encapsulation, channel access, and error detection; and the application layer handles business logic such as battery data analysis, security encryption, and control command issuance.

[0107] As part of the hardware abstraction layer, the physical layer driver's core function is to encapsulate chip-specific hardware operations into a unified API for upper-layer calls. Upper-layer protocols (such as the MAC layer) simply call the phy_send() function and are unaware of internal implementation differences. When replacing a chip, only the physical layer driver implementation code needs to be replaced, maintaining the interface unchanged. Upper layers do not need to be modified.

[0108] In a layered design, cross-layer parameter transfer is achieved through standardized data structures, avoiding direct dependence on hardware details. For example, when the physical layer reports channel quality (SNR, RSSI), the MAC layer receives generic floating-point values rather than chip-specific register values. The format of data packets sent from the application layer (such as voltage and temperature values) is independent of the physical layer modulation method.

[0109] Through layered protocol design and modular implementation of the hardware abstraction layer, the wireless BMS system decouples hardware-dependent physical layer operations from upper-layer protocol logic. When replacing communication chips, simply ensure that the new physical layer driver adheres to the same interface specifications; upper-layer protocol adjustments remain seamlessly compatible. This design significantly enhances system flexibility and maintainability, enabling rapid adaptation to different hardware platforms and communication standards.

[0110] Furthermore, the slave node is integrated with an AFE chip, and the AFE chip is Interval synchronous acquisition of single battery voltage and temperature , and the voltage and temperature The noise is filtered and the data is normalized.

[0111] Traditional solutions mix the functions of the physical layer, link layer, and application layer, resulting in poor cross-platform compatibility and difficulty in adapting to different battery types or communication standards.

[0112] This embodiment improves protocol compatibility and supports multi-standard communication (such as BLE 5.2, Wi-SUN, and custom protocols) to adapt to different application scenarios. In addition, after the above protocol is configured, when the communication chip is subsequently maintained and replaced, only the physical layer driver needs to be modified, and the upper-layer protocol does not need to be adjusted.

[0113] End-to-end latency optimization allows critical data to be passed directly across layers (bypassing protocol stack queuing), reducing latency from 20ms to less than 5ms.

[0114] Conventional data is encapsulated in batches, reducing protocol header overhead and increasing throughput by 25%. Physical layer frequency hopping and application layer encryption work together, achieving a security level of ISO 21434 TARA Level 4.

[0115] Furthermore, the master node generates a transmission priority according to the urgency of the data. and the voltage and temperature Encapsulated into protocol frames through CRC check and AES-256 encryption ;

[0116] Transmission priority The calculation formula is:

[0117]

[0118] in, 、 、 is the weight coefficient, is the voltage change between adjacent sampling periods, is the temperature variation between adjacent sampling periods, The current estimated battery state of charge.

[0119] In this embodiment, the weight coefficient 、 、 The value can be dynamically adjusted according to the current environmental status; , and Set a threshold, if , it is marked as an emergency; The estimation is performed using the extended Kalman filter.

[0120] Furthermore, the protocol frame The calculation formula is:

[0121]

[0122] in, It is a dynamic session key, generated once an hour by the master node's hardware security module HSM, using the key derivation function KDF combined with the battery pack's unique identifier; It is a random number, usually 128 bits long, and is updated each time encryption is performed to prevent replay attacks. It is an XOR operation that mixes the plaintext data with the Nonce to increase the randomness of the encryption.

[0123] Furthermore, the master node calculates the current channel capacity model based on Shannon's theorem If the slave node does not return an ACK, the message will be retransmitted with a random delay according to the Poisson distribution.

[0124] The channel capacity model The calculation formula is:

[0125]

[0126] in, is the channel bandwidth, in HZ; is the signal power, in W; is the noise power in W, including thermal noise ( , is the Boltzmann constant) and environmental disturbances; is the signal-to-noise ratio;

[0127] The calculation formula for hybrid ARQ retransmission probability is:

[0128]

[0129] in, is the average packet loss rate, calculated using a sliding window (e.g., the most recent 100 packets); The maximum number of retransmissions, exceeding which triggers a system alarm; The retransmission interval has an initial value of 100 ms and is dynamically adjusted based on network congestion.

[0130] By linking the above parameters, the entire process from data collection → secure transmission → reliable delivery can be optimized.

[0131] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference ability, characterized in that: include: The master node, including the MCU, is used to perform battery status estimation and control command issuance; Multiple slave nodes are distributed in the battery module to collect voltage and temperature data of single cells; Dual-band communication module, integrated into the master and slave nodes, supports adaptive switching between the Sub-1GHz and 2.4GHz bands; Mesh network topology, including multiple relay nodes, which enable multi-hop communication between the master node and the slave nodes; Wideband ceramic antenna arrays, deployed on a master node, multiple slave nodes, and multiple relay nodes, support beamforming and directional signal enhancement; AI channel prediction module dynamically selects the optimal frequency band and time slot based on historical communication data; The data transmission between the slave node and the master node includes the following layer protocols: Physical layer: Signal modulation / demodulation is achieved by a broadband ceramic antenna and a dual-band communication module; Link layer: implements time slot synchronization and frequency hopping control based on the TSCH protocol; Application layer: After the master node MCU parses the slave node data packet, it triggers the SOC estimation and balancing control algorithm; The slave node is integrated with an AFE chip. Interval synchronous acquisition of single battery voltage and temperature , and the voltage and temperature The noise is filtered and the data is normalized; The master node generates a transmission priority based on the urgency of the data and the voltage and temperature Encapsulated into protocol frames through CRC check and AES-256 encryption ; Transmission priority The calculation formula is: in, 、 、 is the weight coefficient, is the voltage change between adjacent sampling periods, is the temperature variation between adjacent sampling periods, is the current estimated battery state of charge; Protocol Frame The calculation formula is: in, is a dynamic session key, is a random number.

2. A wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dual-band communication module is connected to the MCU of the master node through the SPI interface and meets the following interaction logic: The Sub-1GHz frequency band is used to periodically transmit voltage and temperature data from the slave node to the master node; The 2.4GHz frequency band is used by the master node to send real-time control instructions to the slave nodes; The master node dynamically triggers frequency band switching based on the RSSI and BER feedback from the slave nodes and synchronizes the switching timing by broadcasting beacons.

3. A wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless BMS management system also includes a radio frequency front-end circuit, through which the broadband ceramic antenna array is connected to the dual-band communication module, and the antenna beamforming direction is controlled by the master node: The master node generates beam deflection control signals based on the slave node positions; After receiving the signal from the master node, the slave node adjusts the local antenna phase to match the beam direction.

4. A wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connection relationship between the nodes in the Mesh network is: The master node is directly connected to the relay node, and the relay node forms a multi-hop link with the slave node; The master node allocates a time slot to each relay node through the TSCH protocol, and specifies the communication channel and transmission direction within the time slot.

5. The wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference capability according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The AI channel prediction module forms a closed-loop control with the master node’s MCU and dual-band communication module: The AI module input is the historical RSSI, BER, and temperature data of each node in the Mesh network; The output of the AI module is the frequency band switching instruction and time slot allocation strategy, which are directly written into the configuration register of the dual-band communication module.

6. A wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless BMS management system further includes a hardware security module coupled to a master node and multiple slave nodes. The master node encrypts Mesh network communications through the hardware security module. The encryption process includes: The hardware security module of the coupled master node generates a dynamic session key and distributes it to the corresponding slave node through the dual-band communication module; The hardware security module coupled with the slave node uses the session key to encrypt the collected data, which is then transmitted back to the hardware security module of the master node via the Mesh network for decryption.

7. The wireless BMS management system with strong anti-interference capability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The master node calculates the current channel capacity model based on Shannon's theorem If the slave node does not return an ACK, the message will be retransmitted with a random delay according to the Poisson distribution. The channel capacity model The calculation formula is: in, is the channel bandwidth, is the signal-to-noise ratio; The calculation formula for the hybrid ARQ retransmission probability is: in, is the average packet loss rate, is the maximum number of retransmissions, The retransmission interval.

8. A vehicle comprising a battery installed in the vehicle, characterized in that: The battery is installed with a wireless BMS management system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images