Large cherry culture medium and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a large cherry culture medium and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of cherry planting. The large cherry culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8-15 parts of ceramsite, 15-20 parts of perlite, 7-12 parts of rice husk, 15-20 parts of wormcast, 20-30 parts of coco coir and 5-10 parts of nutrient particles. The nutrient particles take straw fibers, rock wool and sepiolite as carriers, and hydrolyzed protein is loaded on the carriers. The culture medium has the characteristics of water and fertilizer retention, good air permeability, high nutritional ingredients and the like, and can provide good conditions of water, fertilizer, air, heat, pH value and the like for plant root systems.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cherry cultivation, and in particular, to a cultivation substrate for big cherries and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Cherry (scientific name: Cerasus pseudocerasus) is a general term for certain Prunus plants, including the subgenera Cerasus, Cerasus vulgaris, Laurocerasus, etc. It is an arbor, 2-6 meters tall, with grayish-white bark. The small branches are grayish-brown, the young branches are green, hairless or sparsely pubescent. The winter buds are ovoid and hairless. The fruits can be eaten as fruits. They are bright in appearance, crystal clear and beautiful, red like agate, and yellow like congealed fat. The fruits are rich in sugar, protein, vitamins, and various elements such as calcium, iron, phosphorus, and potassium. The whole cherry can be used as medicine. Fresh fruits have the effects of sweating, replenishing qi, expelling wind, and promoting eruption, and are suitable for the diet therapy of numbness of the limbs and rheumatic lumbago and leg diseases. Cherries are warm in nature and sweet in taste, and have the effects of replenishing qi, strengthening the spleen, regulating the stomach, and dispelling rheumatism. Cherries are high in iron content. The iron content in every 100 grams of cherries is as high as 5.9 milligrams, ranking first among various fruits. Iron is the raw material for synthesizing human hemoglobin and myoglobin, and plays an important role in the processes of human immunity, protein synthesis, and energy metabolism. At the same time, it is also closely related to brain and nerve functions, the aging process, etc. Eating cherries regularly can supplement the body's demand for iron elements, promote the regeneration of hemoglobin, prevent and treat iron-deficiency anemia, strengthen the physique, and enhance intelligence.

[0003] With the development of agricultural technology, nursery cultivation substrates are used to replace soil for seedling raising in modern agriculture and forestry. Since cultivation substrates are easier to control the content of nutrient components than ordinary soil and are easier to achieve large-scale production, they have gradually been widely used. However, the following problems often occur when existing cultivation substrates are actually used: there are certain limitations on the extension and attachment of plant roots, and their fixing and retaining functions cannot be fully exerted; they cannot provide good conditions such as water, fertilizer, air, heat, and pH value for plant roots at the same time. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation substrate for big cherries, which has the characteristics of water and fertilizer retention, good air permeability, high nutrient content, etc., and can provide good conditions such as water, fertilizer, air, heat, and pH value for plant roots.

[0005] Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a preparation method for a cultivation substrate for big cherries, which is used to prepare the above-mentioned cultivation substrate for big cherries with excellent performance.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A big cherry cultivation substrate, comprising 8-15 parts by weight of ceramsite, 15-20 parts of perlite, 7-12 parts of rice husk, 15-20 parts of earthworm manure, 20-30 parts of coconut coir and 5-10 parts of nutrient granules; the nutrient granules use straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite as a carrier, and hydrolyzed protein is loaded on the carrier.

[0008] A preparation method of a big cherry cultivation substrate, comprising the following steps: stirring and mixing ceramsite, perlite, rice husk, earthworm manure, coconut coir and nutrient granules to obtain the substrate.

[0009] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0010] Using straw fiber and rock wool-sepiolite to make a carrier, first let sepiolite and rock wool be compounded to form a three-dimensional network structure, improving the water permeability and air permeability characteristics of the substrate. Then compound the rock wool-sepiolite with straw fiber, and the straw fiber can overlap outside the rock wool-sepiolite and the straw fibers interpenetrate with each other to form a two-layer network structure. The two-layer network structures are bridged to enhance the stability of the overall network structure. Through the multi-level network structure, on the one hand, it can better provide a dynamic balance of air and water for plant roots, and on the other hand, it can improve the substrate strength, making the substrate have excellent total porosity and buffering capacity. Loading the hydrolyzed protein on the straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite carrier, the hydrolyzed protein will adsorb on the surface of the carrier, and at the same time, under the action of the porosity of the carrier, the hydrolyzed protein will also be embedded in the network structure of the carrier, making the network structure more loose, increasing the movement degree of the protein molecular chain, and forming a macromolecular skeleton structure. Since rock wool has strong water absorption, after long-term use, its own weight will increase and the structure will be unstable. Under long-term heavy pressure or external force, the rock wool fiber structure will deform or be damaged, causing the substrate to settle. By compounding sepiolite and rock wool, the geopolymers formed by sepiolite can stabilize the rock wool fiber structure, improve the bearing capacity of the substrate, and prevent the substrate from settling and affecting plant growth. Since rock wool itself does not absorb nutrients, when sepiolite adsorbs hydrolyzed protein, the network structure formed by rock wool can form a hydrolyzed protein absorption channel on the carrier, facilitating sepiolite to adsorb hydrolyzed protein and improving the adsorption rate of sepiolite to hydrolyzed protein. Then using straw fiber to construct a two-layer network structure can extend the hydrolyzed protein release channel and improve the sustained release effect of the hydrolyzed protein inside the carrier.

[0011] Under the active action of microorganisms, the macromolecular skeleton structure breaks, and the protein molecular chain segments form mostly branched chain segments, which are prone to oxidation and free radical cleavage reactions in the air and are gradually decomposed by microorganisms into low molecular weight compounds. Nitrogen elements form nitrate ions that can be utilized by plants under the action of urease, nitrite bacteria and nitrifying bacteria, promoting plant growth. While the hydrolyzed protein is being decomposed, the stability of the three-dimensional network structure can still be maintained, playing a role in permeating air and water.

[0012] Ceramsite, perlite, rice husk, earthworm manure, coconut coir and nutrient particles can form a spatial structure with multiple levels. By utilizing the water absorption and swelling properties of ceramics and perlite, water release channels can be formed within the substrate. Rice husk has a certain water retention capacity and can absorb and retain a certain amount of water. Earthworm manure and coconut coir can provide nutrients for plants. Ceramics, perlite and nutrient particles are porous, allowing air to penetrate, enabling the spatial structure to have the functions of water storage, air permeability and water permeability. The combination of various raw materials simulates the aggregate structure of natural soil, creating suitable environmental conditions for plant growth and promoting plant growth. During the cultivation process of big cherries, there is a high demand for nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients. Hydrolyzed protein can provide rich nitrogen sources and essential amino acids for big cherries, contributing to the growth and development of plants. The microorganisms in earthworm manure can accelerate the decomposition of hydrolyzed protein, straw fiber and rice husk, forming effective substances such as soluble salts that are easily absorbed by plants, promoting the absorption of nutrients by plants and accelerating plant growth. Specific implementation modes

[0013] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific implementation modes, but the embodiments do not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the raw material reagents used in the embodiments of the present invention are raw material reagents purchased conventionally.

[0014] The present invention provides a cultivation substrate for big cherries, comprising 8-15 parts by weight of ceramsite, 15-20 parts by weight of perlite, 7-12 parts by weight of rice husk, 15-20 parts by weight of earthworm manure, 20-30 parts by weight of coconut coir and 5-10 parts by weight of nutrient particles; the nutrient particles use straw fiber @ rock wool-sepiolite as a carrier, and hydrolyzed protein is loaded on the carrier.

[0015] The preparation method of straw fiber @ rock wool-sepiolite comprises the following steps:

[0016] Mix sepiolite, rock wool, sodium silicate and surfactant, stir at 500-600 r / min for 10-20 min, and dry to obtain rock wool-sepiolite;

[0017] Disperse straw fiber, rock wool-sepiolite and silane coupling agent in an ethanol aqueous solution, stir and react for 30-40 min, and dry to obtain straw fiber @ rock wool-sepiolite.

[0018] Sepiolite has a layer-chain structure, which is composed of alternating silicon-oxygen tetrahedron layers and magnesium-oxygen octahedron layers. Under the action of water glass, the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron layers and magnesium-oxygen octahedron layers of sepiolite rearrange and polymerize to form a geopolymers with a three-dimensional network structure. Rock wool fibers gradually form a network structure, and the rock wool fibers and the geopolymers interpenetrate to form a highly water-absorbent material with an interpenetrating network structure. The rock wool fibers play a reinforcing role in the interpenetrating network structure, improving the mechanical strength of the interpenetrating network structure. A large number of porous structures are formed by the combination of rock wool and sepiolite, and the porous structures can improve the water permeability and air permeability of the substrate. Silane coupling agents can improve the interfacial compatibility between straw fibers and rock wool-sepiolite. The straw fibers can overlap with the interpenetrating network structure formed by rock wool-sepiolite, and the straw fibers can interpenetrate and entangle with each other, thus forming a two-layer network structure outside the interpenetrating network structure. The two-layer network structures are bridged to enhance the stability of the overall network structure, thereby creating an environmental condition for the balance of water, air and heat in the plant roots and promoting plant growth.

[0019] Ceramsite and perlite have the characteristics of being loose and breathable, which can increase the air permeability of the substrate, making it easier for air to enter the substrate, thus promoting the respiration of plants and the growth of roots; they can absorb excess water when there is too much water and release water when the substrate is dry, thus maintaining the humidity of the substrate and helping plants grow in environments with drought or difficult water management; they can absorb and store the effective components in fertilizers to ensure that the nutrients required by plants during growth are continuously supplemented. Ceramsite can also absorb heavy metal ions to avoid the harm of these harmful substances to plant roots. The void structure of rice husks can increase the air permeability and water retention performance of the substrate. After the decomposition of rice husks, organic matter can be released to provide nutrients for plants and promote plant growth. Rice husks are rich in cellulose and other active ingredients and have antibacterial properties, which can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and prevent the breeding of bacteria.

[0020] Vermicompost is rich in trace elements such as organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, which can significantly improve the substrate structure and increase the fertility of the substrate, making the substrate more loose and permeable, helping the plant roots to stretch and breathe freely, thus better absorbing nutrients and promoting the healthy growth of plants. The highly active bacteria and enzymes in vermicompost can inhibit the occurrence of diseases and protect plants from disease attacks. In addition, vermicompost is a natural habitat for microorganisms such as bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi. These microorganisms can mineralize complex substances into effective substances that are easily absorbed by plants, such as amino acids and minerals, to help plants better absorb nutrients. Vermicompost can improve the absorption rate of fertilizers by plants, and can also activate and decompose nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the substrate, making them better utilized by plants, thus increasing the yield and quality of crops.

[0021] Coconut coir has good water retention and air permeability, can fully retain moisture and nutrients, reduce the loss of moisture and nutrients, and is beneficial to the growth of plant roots. Coconut coir has good buffering properties, can store nutrients and moisture, and plays a buffering role in the nutrient requirements during the plant growth process. After being mixed with water, coconut coir becomes relatively firm, which helps to fix the roots of plants and prevent lodging. Coconut coir has a neutral pH, which helps to maintain the pH balance of the substrate and is suitable for plant growth.

[0022] In the present invention, the mass ratio of sepiolite, rock wool, water glass and surfactant is 50:1 - 5:40 - 50:0.5 - 1.

[0023] In the present invention, the mass ratio of straw fiber, rock wool - sepiolite, silane coupling agent and ethanol aqueous solution is 3 - 4:4 - 8:0.5 - 1:10.

[0024] In the present invention, the surfactant is any one of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl dimethyl betaine and octadecyl dimethyl betaine.

[0025] In the present invention, the preparation method of the nutrient granules includes the following steps: immersing straw fiber @ rock wool - sepiolite in a hydrolyzed protein solution, heating to 45°C and maintaining for 10 - 20 min, and obtaining the nutrient granules through filtration and drying.

[0026] Hydrolyzed protein and the carrier can achieve adsorption through electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding. At the same time, the porous nature of the carrier can be utilized to embed the hydrolyzed protein into the network structure of the carrier, achieving a high loading rate of the hydrolyzed protein. Under the action of microorganisms, the hydrolyzed protein can play a long - term and efficient role, enabling plants to grow better.

[0027] In the present invention, the mass ratio of straw fiber @ rock wool - sepiolite and the hydrolyzed protein solution is 10:1 - 2.

[0028] In the present invention, it also includes injecting a conditioner into the dried nutrient granules. The addition amount of the conditioner is 10 - 20% of the mass of the nutrient granules. The conditioner includes polyglutamic acid, potassium fulvate and chitosan with a mass ratio of 0.5 - 3:0.5 - 1.5:0.1 - 1.5.

[0029] The conditioner is injected into the interior of the nutrient granules by the injection molding method to achieve the coating of the conditioner. The network structure of the nutrient granules is utilized to improve the loading amount and retention effect of the conditioner. Moreover, the double - layer network structure can enhance the slow - release effect of the conditioner, and the water - absorption and swelling characteristics of the nutrient granules can be utilized to gradually expand the release channels to meet the increasing nutrient requirements during the plant growth process.

[0030] After being released, polyglutamic acid can form a thin film on the surface of plant root hairs, protecting the root hairs and promoting the absorption of nutrients and water. Polyglutamic acid can form complexes with trace elements in the matrix, promote the effective absorption of these elements, and improve the utilization rate of nutrients; it can adsorb and activate insoluble elements such as phosphorus and potassium, converting them into forms that are easily absorbed by crops; it can be decomposed by microorganisms to produce organic acids and adjust the pH of the matrix. Chitosan can form a network structure with organic matter in the matrix to increase the stability of matrix aggregates. Chitosan has a variety of physiological activities and biological regulation effects, which can promote the activity of matrix microorganisms, improve the fertility and water retention capacity of the matrix, thereby improving the matrix structure, enhancing the matrix conservation, and thus increasing crop yield and quality.

[0031] In the present invention, the conditioning agent injection method is: polyglutamic acid, potassium humate and chitosan are mixed to obtain the conditioning agent, polyvinyl alcohol and distilled water are added to adjust to a viscous liquid, the viscous liquid is injected into the dried nutrient particles, and placed at a constant temperature for 1-3 hours.

[0032] The invention also provides a method for preparing a sweet cherry cultivation substrate, comprising the following steps: stirring and mixing ceramsite, perlite, rice husk, earthworm castings, coconut bran and nutrient particles to obtain the substrate.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] A sweet cherry cultivation matrix comprises 8 parts of ceramsite, 15 parts of perlite, 7 parts of rice husk, 15 parts of earthworm castings, 20 parts of coconut bran and 5 parts of nutrient particles by weight; the nutrient particles use straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite as a carrier, and the carrier is loaded with hydrolyzed protein.

[0035] A method for preparing a sweet cherry cultivation medium comprises the following steps:

[0036] Preparation of nutritional granules:

[0037] Mixing sepiolite, rock wool, water glass and surfactant, stirring at 500 r / min for 10 min, and drying to obtain rock wool-sepiolite; the mass ratio of sepiolite, rock wool, water glass and surfactant is 50:1:40:0.5; the surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate;

[0038] Dispersing straw fiber, rock wool-sepiolite and silane coupling agent in ethanol aqueous solution, stirring for 30 minutes, and drying to obtain straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite; the mass ratio of straw fiber, rock wool-sepiolite, silane coupling agent and ethanol aqueous solution is 3:4:0.5:10;

[0039] The straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite was immersed in a hydrolyzed protein solution with a concentration of 30%, heated to 45°C and kept for 10 min, and then filtered and dried to obtain nutrient granules; the mass ratio of straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite to the hydrolyzed protein solution was 10:1.

[0040] Preparation of the cultivation substrate:

[0041] Ceramsite, perlite, rice husk, earthworm manure, coconut coir and nutrient granules were stirred and mixed to obtain the substrate.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] A big cherry cultivation substrate, comprising 15 parts by weight of ceramsite, 20 parts by weight of perlite, 12 parts by weight of rice husk, 20 parts by weight of earthworm manure, 30 parts by weight of coconut coir and 10 parts by weight of nutrient granules; the nutrient granules were supported by straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite, and hydrolyzed protein was loaded on the carrier.

[0044] A preparation method of a big cherry cultivation substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0045] Preparation of nutrient granules:

[0046] Sepiolite, rock wool, sodium silicate and surfactant were mixed and stirred at 600 r / min for 20 min, and then dried to obtain rock wool-sepiolite; the mass ratio of sepiolite, rock wool, sodium silicate and surfactant was 50:5:50:1; the surfactant was sodium dodecyl sulfate;

[0047] Straw fiber, rock wool-sepiolite and silane coupling agent were dispersed in an ethanol aqueous solution, stirred and reacted for 40 min, and then dried to obtain straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite; the mass ratio of straw fiber, rock wool-sepiolite, silane coupling agent and ethanol aqueous solution was 4:8:1:10;

[0048] The straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite was immersed in a hydrolyzed protein solution with a concentration of 30%, heated to 45°C and kept for 20 min, and then filtered and dried to obtain nutrient granules; the mass ratio of straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite to the hydrolyzed protein solution was 10:2.

[0049] Preparation of the cultivation substrate:

[0050] Ceramsite, perlite, rice husk, earthworm manure, coconut coir and nutrient granules were stirred and mixed to obtain the substrate.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] A big cherry cultivation substrate, comprising 10 parts by weight of ceramsite, 18 parts by weight of perlite, 9 parts by weight of rice husk, 16 parts by weight of earthworm manure, 25 parts by weight of coconut coir and 7 parts by weight of nutrient granules; the nutrient granules were supported by straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite, and hydrolyzed protein was loaded on the carrier.

[0053] A preparation method of a big cherry cultivation substrate, comprising the following steps:

[0054] Preparing nutrient particles:

[0055] Mix sepiolite, rock wool, water glass and surfactant, stir at 550 r / min for 15 min, and dry to obtain rock wool-sepiolite; the mass ratio of sepiolite, rock wool, water glass and surfactant is 50:2:45:0.6; the surfactant is dodecyl dimethyl betaine;

[0056] Disperse straw fiber, rock wool-sepiolite and silane coupling agent in an ethanol aqueous solution, stir and react for 35 min, and dry to obtain straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite; the mass ratio of straw fiber, rock wool-sepiolite, silane coupling agent and ethanol aqueous solution is 3.5:5:0.7:10;

[0057] Immerse the straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite in a hydrolyzed protein solution with a concentration of 30%, heat up to 45 °C and keep for 15 min, filter and dry to obtain nutrient particles; the mass ratio of straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite and hydrolyzed protein solution is 10:1.5.

[0058] Preparation of the cultivation substrate:

[0059] Stir and mix ceramsite, perlite, rice husk, earthworm manure, coconut coir and nutrient particles to obtain the substrate.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] The difference between this example and Example 1 lies in the preparation method of the nutrient particles, which comprises the following steps:

[0062] Mix sepiolite, rock wool, water glass and surfactant, stir at 600 r / min for 12 min, and dry to obtain rock wool-sepiolite; the mass ratio of sepiolite, rock wool, water glass and surfactant is 50:3:48:0.9; the surfactant is octadecyl dimethyl betaine;

[0063] Disperse straw fiber, rock wool-sepiolite and silane coupling agent in an ethanol aqueous solution, stir and react for 32 min, and dry to obtain straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite; the mass ratio of straw fiber, rock wool-sepiolite, silane coupling agent and ethanol aqueous solution is 3.2:7:0.6:10;

[0064] Immerse the straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite in a hydrolyzed protein solution with a concentration of 30%, heat up to 45 °C and keep for 18 min, filter and dry; the mass ratio of straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite and hydrolyzed protein solution is 10:1.2;

[0065] Mix polyglutamic acid, potassium fulvate and chitosan to obtain a conditioner, add polyvinyl alcohol and distilled water to adjust it to a viscous liquid, inject the viscous liquid into the dried nutrient granules, and place them at a constant temperature for 2 h; the mass ratio of polyglutamic acid, potassium fulvate and chitosan is 3:0.6.5:1, and the addition amount of the conditioner is 15% of the mass of the nutrient granules.

[0066] Example 5

[0067] The difference between this example and Example 4 is that in the conditioner, the mass ratio of polyglutamic acid, potassium fulvate and chitosan is 0.5:0.5:0.1, and the addition amount of the conditioner is 10% of the mass of the nutrient granules.

[0068] Example 6

[0069] The difference between this example and Example 4 is that in the conditioner, the mass ratio of polyglutamic acid, potassium fulvate and chitosan is 3:1.5:1.5, and the addition amount of the conditioner is 20% of the mass of the nutrient granules.

[0070] Comparative Example 1

[0071] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that the straw fiber is not modified.

[0072] Comparative Example 2

[0073] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that the sepiolite is not modified.

[0074] Comparative Example 3

[0075] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that neither the straw fiber nor the sepiolite in the carrier is modified.

[0076] Comparative Example 4

[0077] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that the carrier is rock wool - sepiolite.

[0078] Comparative Example 5

[0079] The difference between this comparative example and Example 4 is that the carrier is straw fiber @ rock wool.

[0080] Test Example

[0081] Test the water retention performance of the cultivation substrates in the examples and comparative examples. The test method is as follows: fully absorb water for a unit mass or volume of the substrate, calculate the ratio of the water that the substrate can absorb to the mass or volume of the substrate itself (water absorption ratio), and at the same time calculate the time required to place the fully water-absorbed substrate in an oven at 40 °C and ventilate and dry it until the relative water holding capacity of the substrate is 0 (water retention time). The test results are as follows:

[0082] Table 1

[0083] Group Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 6 Water absorption ratio / % 3428 3342 3401 3384 3371 3362 Water retention time / h 78 72 75 74 73 72 Group Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 5 - Water absorption ratio / % 2548 2584 2208 2418 2237 - Water retention time / h 55 58 50 50 51 -

[0084] As can be seen from Table 1, the cultivation substrate of the examples has a higher water absorption rate and water retention time compared with the comparative examples, indicating that the cultivation substrate prepared by the present invention has excellent water absorption, water retention and air permeability properties.

[0085] The sustained-release performance of the substrates of Example 1, Example 4 and Comparative Examples 1-5 was tested. The dialysis bag cumulative release method was used to determine the release characteristics of the nutrients in the nutrient granules in water, based on the ratio (%) of the total cumulative release amount of each fertilizer element after 30 days to the total amount of fertilizer elements embedded on the nutrient granules. And the substrate was tested for its ability to retain and adsorb fertilizer elements. With 100 mL of target ions (NH 4 + 、NO 3 - 、PO 4 3- ), oscillating and culturing until the adsorption equilibrium was reached, and the percentage of adsorption amount was measured. The results are as follows:

[0086] Table 2

[0087]

[0088] As can be seen from Table 2, the release performance of the cultivation substrates of the examples is lower and the adsorption property is higher. It shows that the substrate of the present invention has a better loading and retention effect on fertilizer elements, and the fertilizer elements have a good sustained-release effect, greatly reducing nutrient loss and improving the utilization rate of fertilizer elements.

[0089] The cultivation substrates of Example 1, Example 4 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were used for cultivating big cherries, and the growth conditions during the cultivation process of big cherries were observed. The results are as follows:

[0090] Table 3

[0091] Group Survival rate / % Plant uniformity / % Growth vigor Example 1 100 95 The branches are thick, and the leaves are large, thick and shiny Example 4 100 98 The branches are thick, and the leaves are large, thick and shiny Comparative Example 1 92 85 The branches are of different thicknesses, the leaves are relatively large, thin and have a certain luster Comparative Example 2 91 86 The branches are of different thicknesses, the leaves are small, thin and have a certain luster Comparative Example 3 88 80 The branches are thin, the leaves are small, thin and have a certain luster Comparative Example 4 93 88 The branches are of different thicknesses, the leaves are relatively large, thin and shiny Comparative Example 5 92 90 The branches are thin, the leaves are relatively large, thin and shiny

[0092] As can be seen from Table 3, the big cherries of the examples have a higher survival rate and plant uniformity compared with the comparative examples. The plants grow vigorously, the branches are thick, and the leaf characteristics are obvious. It shows that the cultivation substrate of the present invention can provide good conditions such as water, fertilizer and air for plants and promote plant growth.

[0093] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sweet cherry cultivation substrate, characterized in that: The invention comprises 8-15 parts of ceramsite, 15-20 parts of perlite, 7-12 parts of rice husk, 15-20 parts of earthworm manure, 20-30 parts of coconut bran and 5-10 parts of nutrient particles by weight; the nutrient particles take straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite as carrier, and the carrier is loaded with hydrolyzed protein.

2. The sweet cherry cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite comprises the following steps: Mixing sepiolite, rock wool, water glass and surfactant, stirring at 500-600 r / min for 10-20 min, and drying to obtain rock wool-sepiolite; The straw fiber, rock wool-sepiolite and silane coupling agent are dispersed in an ethanol aqueous solution, stirred for reaction for 30-40 minutes, and dried to obtain the straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite.

3. The sweet cherry cultivation substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of sepiolite, rock wool, water glass and surfactant is 50:1-5:40-50:0.5-1.

4. The sweet cherry cultivation substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the straw fiber, rock wool-sepiolite, silane coupling agent and ethanol aqueous solution is 3-4:4-8:0.5-1:

10.

5. The sweet cherry cultivation substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The surfactant is any one of sodium dodecyl sulfonate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, dodecyl dimethyl betaine and octadecyl dimethyl betaine.

6. The sweet cherry cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the nutritional granules comprises the following steps: immersing straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite in a hydrolyzed protein solution, heating the solution to 45° C. and maintaining the solution for 10-20 minutes, and filtering and drying the solution to obtain the nutritional granules.

7. The sweet cherry cultivation substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass ratio of straw fiber@rock wool-sepiolite and hydrolyzed protein solution is 10:1-2.

8. The sweet cherry cultivation substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that: The method also includes injecting a conditioning agent into the dried nutrient particles, wherein the amount of the conditioning agent added is 10-20% of the mass of the nutrient particles, and the conditioning agent includes polyglutamic acid, potassium humate and chitosan in a mass ratio of 0.5-3:0.5-1.5:0.1-1.

5.

9. The sweet cherry cultivation substrate according to claim 8, characterized in that: The conditioning agent injection method is as follows: polyglutamic acid, potassium humate and chitosan are mixed to obtain the conditioning agent, polyvinyl alcohol and distilled water are added to adjust the agent to a viscous liquid, the viscous liquid is injected into the dried nutrient particles, and the mixture is placed at a constant temperature for 1-3 hours.

10. The method for preparing a sweet cherry cultivation medium according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The substrate is obtained by stirring and mixing expanded clay, perlite, rice husk, earthworm castings, coconut bran and nutrient granules.

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